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Li H, Jiang W, Pan Y, Li F, Wang C, Tian H. Occurrence and partition of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water, sediment, and organisms from the eastern sea area of Shandong Peninsula, Yellow Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 162:111906. [PMID: 33321305 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the occurrence and partition of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), water, sediment, and organisms were sampled from the eastern sea area of Shandong Peninsula (Yellow Sea, China) across all four seasons in 2016. There were three OCP hotspots in the sediment, mainly caused by the transportation of lindane and dicofol from adjacent Swan Lake and Guhe River. Waterborne OCP levels were highest in winter and lowest in spring, without vertical variability, suggesting that the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass was governing the spatio-temporal distribution of OCPs in seawater. There was substantial accumulation of HCHs and DDTs in organisms via sediment, as indicated by the relatively low fraction of sedimental fugacity, high bio-sediment accumulation factor, and a positive linear correlation between logΣHCHs and trophic level. This is the first study that has focused on the accumulation of OCPs in entire sediment-seawater-organism system involving multi-phyla of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administrator, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Yulong Pan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China; North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China
| | - Fujuan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China; North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China; North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China.
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China.
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Organochlorine Pesticides in Surface Water of Jiuxi Valley, China: Distribution, Source Analysis, and Risk Evaluation. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/5101936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual levels of 11 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface water of Jiuxi Valley were determined during spring and autumn at nine sampling points to assess their contamination and potential risks. The water samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE), and OCPs were analyzed by gas chromatograph equipped with a 63Ni-ECD detector. The investigation results indicated that the concentration of total OCPs varied from 4.07 to 13.5 ng·L−1 with an average value of 7.15 ng·L−1 in spring, and from 12.5 to 30.1 ng·L−1 with an average value of 19.9 ng·L−1 in autumn. Jiuxi Valley was slightly contaminated by OCPs, and the concentrations of ΣHCHs and ΣDDTs in the river were at relatively low levels. HCHs were the main pollutant in spring, and also in autumn, and α-HCH was the main component of the HCH isomers at most sampling points. Source analysis indicated that local use of lindane or input of fresh γ-HCH contributed to the presence of HCHs. New inputs were the major sources of DDTs, aldrin, heptachlor, and endrin. The OCP levels of this investigation were within the standard limits set by a majority of the water quality standards and guidelines of China, WHO, European Union, and Canada. However, although the γ-HCH concentrations at all sampling sites, endrin concentrations at all sampling sites, and β-HCH concentrations at most sampling sites were below the human health water quality standard, and the levels of other tested OCPs (α-HCH, p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, aldrin, and heptachlor) exceeded the value of EPA-recommended water quality criteria for human health, which indicated potential risks to human health around the region.
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He W, Ye M, He H, Zhu M, Li Y. The decomposition and ecological risk of DDTs and HCHs in the soil-water system of the Meijiang River. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 180:108897. [PMID: 31733727 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This research project was designed to study the residues of OCPs (organochlorine pesticides) in the sediments of the Meijiang River Basin. Samples from the Meijiang River Basin were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after being pretreated by Soxhlet extraction, and their compositions, distributions and sources were evaluated. The current study presents the distribution of OCPs in the soils and sediments of the Meijiang River Basin. The results demonstrate that OCPs contamination is an important environmental concern due to the excessive use of these compounds in the agricultural and industrial sectors. The ratios of α-HCH/γ-HCH, (DDE + DDD)/∑DDTs, p,p-DDT/o,p-DDT, and DDD/DDE were used as indices for identifying the possible pollution sources and assessing the decomposition of the parent compounds and the recent γ-HCH and DDT inputs. At the XY (Xiyang) and DSGYY (Dongshenggongyeyan) sites, the pollutants had industrial origins. At other sites (QTH (Qutianhu), LXC (Longxichun), ZJC (Zhenjiaochun), HKC (Hekouchun), GS (Guangshan) and RGQ (Raogongqiao)), the pollution was caused by dissolved organic matter. The SHB site was polluted by transportation and upstream pollutants. At the SXC (Shixichun), YZX (Youzhihe), DSH (Dongshihe) and ZGG (Zhegupai) sites, the metabolite was p,p'-DDD and was produced in an environment with anaerobic conditions. At the FJC (Fujiangkou), QTH (Qiutianhu), GS (Guangshang) and MX (Meixi) sites, the metabolite was DDE and was produced under aerobic conditions. In view of the health risks, the risk quotients for these contaminants were evaluated, and all risk quotients were less than 1 under the best-case scenario. This result suggests that the investigated pollutants may pose little hazard to the local ecosystem. The sediments containing toxic pesticides had a less than 55% ecological risk, indicating that the ecological risk of HCHs in the soils from the Meijiang River Basin is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming He
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou, Guangdong, 514015, China; World Standardization Certification & Testing Group, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518108, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest of Agriculture & Forestry University and Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Mengling Ye
- World Standardization Certification & Testing Group, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518108, China
| | - Hongming He
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest of Agriculture & Forestry University and Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mingyong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou, Guangdong, 514015, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Popa CL, Dontu SI, Carstea EM, Levei EA, Ioja C, Popa AM, Miclean M, Cadar O. Organochlorine pesticides and dissolved organic matter within a system of urban exorheic lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 192:59. [PMID: 31863207 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-8003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Urban lakes represent the most extensive water bodies in cities and provide blue ecosystem services, by retaining pollutants, offering cultural services, and mitigating climate change. Human activities threaten to decrease the supply of ecosystem services associated with urban lakes. Exorheic lakes play an essential role in reducing and changing the characteristics of pollutants and organic matter along the environmental continuum. This study aims to gain further understanding on the distribution and fate of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in relation to fluorescent dissolved organic matter (DOM) within an exorheic lake system, located along Colentina river, Bucharest. Results indicated a historical usage of HCHs, which were present in lake water and sediment samples, in concentrations exceeding the regulatory limits, with potential eco-toxicity on aquatic biota. Decades of intense applications along the river, before OCPs ban, led to their accumulation in sediments and their re-mobilization, each year, after the lakes were drained, dredged, and refilled. Fluorescence measurements revealed that DOM accumulated in certain lakes due to wastewater discharges, and surface runoff, but decreased towards the end of the exorheic lakes through dilution, sedimentation, and biodegradation. The results also showed that fluorescent DOM may have a substantial impact on OCPs cycle in urban lakes and may help to determine the conditions and effectiveness of removing OCPs from water and sediments. These issues contribute to the decrease of ecosystem services supply associated with urban lakes, having multiple hidden consequences on the urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Liana Popa
- National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics, INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG 5, 077125, Magurele, Romania.
| | - Simona Ionela Dontu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics, INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG 5, 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Elfrida Mihaela Carstea
- National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics, INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG 5, 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Erika Andrea Levei
- INCDO INOE 2000 Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Ioja
- Center for Environmental Researches and Impact Studies - CCMESI, University of Bucharest, 010041, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Popa
- Center for Environmental Researches and Impact Studies - CCMESI, University of Bucharest, 010041, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirela Miclean
- INCDO INOE 2000 Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- INCDO INOE 2000 Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Barletta M, Lima ARA, Costa MF. Distribution, sources and consequences of nutrients, persistent organic pollutants, metals and microplastics in South American estuaries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1199-1218. [PMID: 30360252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine pollution imposes rapid, increasing and lasting environmental modifications. In the present review, especial attention is given to estuaries in South America (SA), where legislation, policies and actions to guarantee environmental quality remain ineffective. There, the majority of estuaries face uncontrolled occupation of its margins by urban and industrial centres, agriculture and aquaculture expansion, water extraction and flow control. The lack of basic sanitation and poor environmental management (including territories within Marine Protected Areas) often lead to hydrological alterations, high nutrient loads, and the presence and dynamics of pollutants (nutrient loads, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), metals and plastic debris) along the entire estuarine ecocline. Organic enrichment has increased dissolved oxygen consumption, with wide spatio-temporal variability along latitudes and estuarine gradients. The toxicity, biogeochemistry and availability of metals and POPs depend on the annual fluctuations of salinity, water renewal, dissolved oxygen levels, suspended particulate loads, sediment mobility, grain size and composition at the sink. Plastic debris from land sources are widespread in estuaries, where they continue to fragment into microplastics. River basins are the main contributors of plastics to estuaries, whose transportation and accumulation are subjected to interannual water flow variations. Although some systems seems to be in a better condition in relation to others around the world (e.g. Goiana and Negro estuaries), many others are among the most modified worldwide (e.g. Guanabara Bay and Estero Salado System). We propose that, estuarine conservation plans should consider year-round fluctuations of the ecocline and the resulting cycles of retention and flush of environmental signals and their influence on trophic webs over the whole extent of estuarine gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Barletta
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Gerenciamento de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Estuarinos, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP 50740-550 Recife, Brazil.
| | - André R A Lima
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Gerenciamento de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Estuarinos, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP 50740-550 Recife, Brazil
| | - Monica F Costa
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Gerenciamento de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Estuarinos, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP 50740-550 Recife, Brazil
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Zeng H, Fu X, Liang Y, Qin L, Mo L. Risk assessment of an organochlorine pesticide mixture in the surface waters of Qingshitan Reservoir in Southwest China. RSC Adv 2018; 8:17797-17805. [PMID: 35542086 PMCID: PMC9080468 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01881b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk assessment of single pollutants has been extensively studied. However, the co-exposure of pollutants in a real environment may pose a greater risk than single chemicals. In this study, concentration addition-based risk quotients were applied to the risk assessment of the 15 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) mixtures (α-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, chlordane, α-endosulfan, p,p′-dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene, endrin, β-endosulfan, p,p′-dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethane, p,p′-dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane, and methoxychlor) detected in the surface water (reservoirs, ponds, and streams) of Qingshitan Reservoir in Southwest China from 2014 to 2016 by summing up the toxic units (RQSTU) of the toxicity data from the individual chemicals. The RQSTU of the OCPs mixture exceeded 1 in 45.23% of the 283 surface water samples based on acute data and an assessment factor of 100, indicating a potential risk for the aquatic environment (fish). Methoxychlor and γ-HCH contributed the most toxicities in the pesticide mixtures toward Daphnia and fish and provided at least 50% of the mixture toxicity in all samples with RQSTU larger than 1. The most sensitive organism to realistic OCPs mixtures in the surface waters of Qingshitan Reservoir was fish, followed by Daphnia and algae. The values of the maximum cumulative ratio for all samples indicated that the risk assessment based on single chemicals underestimated the pesticide mixture toxicities, which shows that special consideration should be made for the ecological risk of pesticide mixtures in the aquatic environment. Risk assessment of single pollutants has been extensively studied.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghu Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology
| | - Xin Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- China
| | - Yanpeng Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology
| | - Litang Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology
| | - Lingyun Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area
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