1
|
Linge KL, Gruchlik Y, Busetti F, Ryan U, Joll CA. Use of micropollutant indicator ratios to characterize wastewater treatment plant efficiency and to identify wastewater impact on groundwater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120822. [PMID: 38599088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Contamination by wastewater has been traditionally assessed by measuring faecal coliforms, such as E. coli and entereococci. However, using micropollutants to track wastewater input is gaining interest. In this study, we identified nine micropollutant indicators that could be used to characterize water quality and wastewater treatment efficiency in pond-based wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of varying configuration. Of 232 micropollutants tested, nine micropollutants were detected in treated wastewater at concentrations and frequencies suitable to be considered as indicators for treated wastewater. The nine indicators were then classified as stable (carbamazepine, sucralose, benzotriazole, 4+5-methylbenzotriazole), labile (atorvastatin, naproxen, galaxolide) or intermediate/uncertain (gemfibrozil, tris(chloropropyl)phosphate isomers) based on observed removals in the pond-based WWTPs and correlations between micropollutant and dissolved organic carbon removal. The utility of the selected indicators was evaluated by assessing the wastewater quality in different stages of wastewater treatment in three pond-based WWTPs, as well as selected groundwater bores near one WWTP, where treated wastewater was used to irrigate a nearby golf course. Ratios of labile to stable indicators provided insight into the treatment efficiency of different facultative and maturation ponds and highlighted the seasonal variability in treatment efficiency for some pond-based WWTPs. Additionally, indicator ratios of labile to stable indicators identified potential unintended release of untreated wastewater to groundwater, even with the presence of micropollutants in other groundwater bores related to approved reuse of treated wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Linge
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia; ChemCentre, PO Box 1250, Perth, Australia.
| | - Yolanta Gruchlik
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia
| | - Francesco Busetti
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia; ChemCentre, PO Box 1250, Perth, Australia
| | - Una Ryan
- Harry Butler Institute, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, Australia
| | - Cynthia A Joll
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adenaya A, Quintero RR, Brinkhoff T, Lara-Martín PA, Wurl O, Ribas-Ribas M. Vertical distribution and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants in southern North Sea coastal waters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116099. [PMID: 38309177 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds are micropollutants of emerging concern, as well as other classes of chemicals such as UV filters and artificial sweeteners. They enter marine environments via wastewater treatment plants, aquaculture runoff, hospital effluents, and shipping activities. While many studies have investigated the presence and distribution of these pollutants in numerous coastal areas, our study is the first to focus on their occurrence, spatial distribution, and vertical distribution in the sea surface microlayer (SML) and the near-surface layer of marine environments. We analyzed 62 pharmaceutical compounds, one UV filter, and six artificial sweeteners from the SML to the corresponding underlying water (0 cm, 20 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm, and 150 cm) at four stations in the southern North Sea. One station is the enclosed Jade Bay, one is the Weser estuary at Bremerhaven, and the other two stations (NS_7 and NS_8) are in the open German Bight. Jade Bay receives pollutants from surrounding wastewater treatment plants, while the Weser estuary receives pollutants from cities like Bremerhaven, which has dense populations and industrial activities. Concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds were higher in the upper water layers (from the SML to 20 cm). Eleven pharmaceutical compounds (caffeine, carbamazepine, gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, metoprolol, salicylic acid, clarithromycin, novobiocin, clindamycin, trimethoprim, and tylosin) were detected in >95 % of our samples. One UV filter (benzophenone-4) was found in 83 % and three artificial sweeteners (acesulfame, saccharin, and sucralose) in 100 % of all our samples. All artificial sweeteners posed high risks to the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna. Understanding the spatial and vertical distribution of pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants in marine environments may be essential in assessing their dispersal and detection in other aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adenike Adenaya
- Center for Marine Sensors (ZfMarS), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Ruben Rios Quintero
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, CEI·MAR, Cádiz 11510, Spain
| | - Thorsten Brinkhoff
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, CEI·MAR, Cádiz 11510, Spain
| | - Oliver Wurl
- Center for Marine Sensors (ZfMarS), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Mariana Ribas-Ribas
- Center for Marine Sensors (ZfMarS), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Motteau S, Deborde M, Gombert B, Karpel Vel Leitner N. Non-target analysis for water characterization: wastewater treatment impact and selection of relevant features. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:4154-4173. [PMID: 38097837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30972-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Non-target analyses were conducted to characterize and compare the molecular profiles (UHPLC-HRMS fingerprint) of water samples from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Inlet and outlet samples were collected from three campaigns spaced 6 months apart in order to highlight common trends. A significant impact of the treatment on the sample fingerprints was shown, with a 65-70% abatement of the number of features detected in the effluent, and more polar, smaller and less intense molecules found overall compared to those in WWTP influent waters. Multivariate analysis (PCA) associated with variations of the features between inlets and outlets showed that features appearing or increasing were correlated with effluents while those disappearing or decreasing were correlated with influents. Finally, effluent features considered as relevant to a potentially adverse effect on aqueous media (i.e. those which appeared or increased or slightly varied from the influent) were highlighted. Three hundred seventy-five features common with the 3 campaigns were thus selected and further characterized. For most of them, elementary composition was found to be C, H, N, O (42%) and C, H, N, O, P (18%). Considering the MS2 spectra and several reference MS2 databases, annotations were proposed for 35 of these relevant features. They include synthetic products, pharmaceuticals and metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solène Motteau
- University of Poitiers, Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285), Equipe Eaux Biomarqueurs Contaminants Organiques Milieux (E.BICOM), 1 Rue Marcel Doré, Bâtiment B1, TSA 41105 86073, Cedex, Poitiers, France
| | - Marie Deborde
- University of Poitiers, Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285), Equipe Eaux Biomarqueurs Contaminants Organiques Milieux (E.BICOM), 1 Rue Marcel Doré, Bâtiment B1, TSA 41105 86073, Cedex, Poitiers, France.
- University of Poitiers, UFR Médecine Et de Pharmacie, 6 Rue de La Milétrie, Bâtiment D1, TSA 51115, 86073, Cedex 9, Poitiers, France.
| | - Bertrand Gombert
- University of Poitiers, Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285), Equipe Eaux Biomarqueurs Contaminants Organiques Milieux (E.BICOM), 1 Rue Marcel Doré, Bâtiment B1, TSA 41105 86073, Cedex, Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Karpel Vel Leitner
- University of Poitiers, Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285), Equipe Eaux Biomarqueurs Contaminants Organiques Milieux (E.BICOM), 1 Rue Marcel Doré, Bâtiment B1, TSA 41105 86073, Cedex, Poitiers, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang N, Kang G, Hu G, Chen J, Qi D, Bi F, Chang N, Gao Z, Zhang S, Shen W. Spatiotemporal distribution and ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from Luoma Lake, an important node of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1330. [PMID: 37848742 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
PPCPs (pharmaceuticals and personal care products) are widely found in the environment and can be a risk to human and ecosystem health. In this study, spatiotemporal distribution, critical risk source identification and potential risks of 14 PPCPs found in water collected from sampling points in Luoma Lake and its inflowing rivers in two seasons in 2019 and 2020 were investigated. The PPCPs concentrations ranged from 27.64 ng·L-1 to 613.08 ng·L-1 in December 2019, and from 16.67 ng·L-1 to 3287.41 ng·L-1 in April 2020. Ketoprofen (KPF) dominated the PPCPs with mean concentrations of 125.85 ng·L-1 and 640.26 ng·L-1, respectively. Analysis of sources showed that the pollution in Luoma Lake mostly originated from sewage treatment plant effluents, inflowing rivers and domestic wastewater. Among them, the inflowing rivers contributed the most (82.95%) to the concentration of total PPCPs. The results of ecological risk assessment showed that there was a moderate risk (0.1 < RQs < 1) from carbamazepine (CBZ) in December 2019 and a high risk (RQs > 1) from naproxen (NPX) in April 2020. The results of human risk assessment found that NPX posed a high risk to infant health, and we found that NPX was associated with 83 diseases according to Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. NPX was identified as a substance requiring major attention. The results provide an understanding of the concentrations and ecological risks of PPCPs in Luoma Lake. We believe the data will support environmental departments to develop management strategies and prevent PPCPs pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Guodong Kang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Guanjiu Hu
- Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring, Nanjing, 210036, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Analysis for Organic Pollutants in Surface Water, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dan Qi
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Fengzhi Bi
- Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring, Nanjing, 210036, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Analysis for Organic Pollutants in Surface Water, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Ning Chang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Zhanqi Gao
- Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring, Nanjing, 210036, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Analysis for Organic Pollutants in Surface Water, Nanjing, 210019, China.
| | - Shenghu Zhang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Weitao Shen
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gvozdić E, Bujagić IM, Đurkić T, Grujić S. Untreated wastewater impact and environmental risk assessment of artificial sweeteners in river water and sediments of the Danube River Basin in Serbia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84583-84594. [PMID: 37368207 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners are receiving increasing attention as newly recognized emerging contaminants that mainly reach the aquatic environment through the discharge of municipal wastewater containing large amount of these compounds. In this study, the impact of raw untreated wastewater discharges on the levels and the water/sediment distribution of artificial sweeteners in the Danube River and its largest tributaries in Serbia was evaluated, and a comprehensive assessment of environmental risks for freshwater and benthic organisms was performed. Acesulfame and sucralose were detected in all river water samples (100%), while saccharin (59%) and cyclamate (12%) were less frequently found, indicating long-term continuous sewage-derived pollution. Aspartame (100%) and neotame (60%) were the only artificial sweeteners recorded in the sediment samples due to their preference to sorb to particulate matter in the water/sediment system. In terms of ecotoxicological risk, a low risk for aquatic organisms was determined at the detected levels of saccharin in river water, while a high to medium risk was found for benthic biota at the concentrations of neotame and aspartame detected in sediments. The largest contribution to the pollution of the Danube River Basin with artificial sweeteners, and consequently the highest environmental risk, was determined in the two largest cities, the capital Belgrade and Novi Sad, which raises the issue of transboundary pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Gvozdić
- Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Matić Bujagić
- Academy of Applied Technical Studies Belgrade, Belgrade Polytechnic College, Katarine Ambrozić 3, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Đurkić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Grujić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu X, Yu F, Li Z, Shi T, Xia Z, Li G. Occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk assessment of artificial sweeteners in surface and ground waters of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River (Henan section, China). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:52609-52623. [PMID: 36840868 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a new class of water contaminants, artificial sweeteners (ASs) have attracted much attention due to their environmental persistence and potential adverse effects to human and the environment. This study systematically investigated the occurrence and distribution of four commonly used ASs in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), surface water and groundwater in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River (Henan section). Sucralose (SUC) was dominant in WWTP effluents and had the highest mass loading. Acesulfame (ACE), cyclamate (CYC), saccharin (SAC), and SUC were consistently detected in surface water at concentrations ranging from 1.364 ng/L (CYC) to 7786 ng/L (ACE). Spatial analysis showed that the pollution level of ASs in the trunk stream was lower than that in most tributaries. The total concentrations of ASs detected in surface water ranged between 308.7 and 10,498 ng/L, while in groundwater, the total concentration of ASs detected was between ND-4863 ng/L. ACE and SUC are the main pollutants in surface water and groundwater within this survey area. The risk assessment showed that the risks of the four target ASs to aquatic organisms were negligible (risk quotient (RQ) values < 0.1), and the maximum risk quotient of the mixtures (MRQ) values of all rivers were all much less than 0.1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Yu
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Furong Yu
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Resources Conservation and Restoration in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow River Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Resources Conservation and Restoration in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow River Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Tongyang Shi
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Zhiguo Xia
- School of Mining Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, Liaoning, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yue J, Guo W, Li D, Zhu Y, Zhao Q, Wang A, Li J. Seasonal occurrence, removal and mass loads of artificial sweeteners in the largest water reclamation plant in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159133. [PMID: 36181830 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners (ASs) are of growing concern as an emerging contaminant. In the study, the seasonal occurrence, removal and mass load of six ASs in sewage, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sludge were investigated throughout the treatment process of the largest water reclamation plant in China. The highest ASs concentrations in the influent (13.0 μg/L), effluent (2.22 μg/L), SPM (4.48 μg/g) and sludge (0.15 μg/g) were observed in the dry season, which were 1.24- to 5.0-fold higher than in the normal season and 1.06- to 37.5-fold higher than the flood season. Following treatment, ASs concentrations decreased by 24.3 %, 51.7 % and 5.1 % (on average) in primary, secondary and reclaimed processes, respectively. Among the investigated ASs, acesulfame (93.1 %) and cyclamate (98.4 %) were removed most efficiently, with removal occurring mainly in secondary processes, while sucralose exhibited the lowest removal efficiency (38.7 %). Seasonal characteristics affect the consumption of ASs, which subsequently changes the input and discharge ASs loads of STPs. The maximum mass load of ASs occurred in the dry season, ranging from 0.002 (neotame) to 1.33 mg/d/person (cyclamate), while the maximum emission load occurred in the flood season, ranging from 0.003 (neotame) to 0.83 mg/d/person (sucralose). The mass and emission load of ASs in Beijing is significantly lower than in European or the United States, due to Beijing having low per capita consumption of ASs (5.50 mg/d/person). The highest ASs risk in the receiving water occurred in the flood season due to the input of other pollution sources by rainfall runoff. Meanwhile, attention should be paid to the risk of receiving water close to the STP outlet in the dry seasons for the highest ASs concentration in the STP effluent in the season. The present study provides important guidance on controlling the input and reducing the emission of ASs in different seasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Yue
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Dongyue Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yuhan Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Andong Wang
- Analysis and Testing Center, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang X, Liang X, Guo X. Global distribution and potential risks of artificial sweeteners (ASs) with widespread contaminant in the environment: The latest advancements and future development. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
9
|
Brumovský M, Bečanová J, Sáňka O, Løken KB, Baho DL, Sørensen K, Nizzetto L. Line ferries and cargo ships for the monitoring of marine contaminants of emerging concern: Application along a Europe-Arctic transect. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127232. [PMID: 34597932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) are a focus in marine protection. Several CECs are released with wastewater effluents to coastal environments and their offshore occurrence has been recently documented. Routine monitoring is key for implementing marine protection acts, however infrastructural, financial, and technical limitations hinder this task along broad spatial transects. Here we show the efficacy of a new infrastructure enabling unmanned sampling of surface water from ships of opportunity in providing reliable and cost-effective routine monitoring of CECs along a Europe-Arctic transect. The distribution and long-range transport of several pharmaceuticals and personal care products, artificial food additives, and stimulants were assessed. Validation of operations through strict procedural and analytical quality criteria is presented. A framework to estimate a compound-specific spatial range (SR) index of marine long-range transport based on monitoring results and information on source spatial distribution, is introduced. Estimated SR values ranged 50-350 km depending on compound, yielding a ranking of long-range transport potential which reflected expectations based on degradation half-lives. SR values were used to calculate prior maps of detection probability that can be used to plan future routine monitoring in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Brumovský
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Bečanová
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sáňka
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Didier L Baho
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kai Sørensen
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma R, Li L, Zhang B. Impact assessment of anthropogenic activities on the ecological systems in the Xiongan New Area in the North China Plain. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 17:866-876. [PMID: 33448634 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities on the ecological systems in the Xiongan New Area (XNA), China. Artificial sweeteners (ASs) were used as anthropogenic tracers to investigate how anthropogenic activities affect water, soil, and plant layers. For this purpose, the concentrations of 4 typical ASs, acesulfame (ACE), sucralose (SUC), saccharin (SAC), and cyclamate (CYC) were measured in water, soil, and plant layers. Moreover, a tracer test was conducted in the critical zone observatory (CZO) in the southern part of the study area to investigate the migration path and time of anthropogenic activities on the ecological systems. Acesulfame, SUC, SAC, and CYC were widely detected in all of the sample types, and their average values were 0.22, 0.53, 0.06, and 0.08 µg/L in the water layer; 0.04, 0.18, 0.06, and 0.06 µg/kg in the soil layer; and 1.79, 0.11, 4.42, and 0.95 µg/kg in the plant layer, respectively. The tracer test showed that 1.1% to 1.8% of the impacts of the anthropogenic activities migrated from the surface to the shallow aquifer within 13 d, 6% to 19% migrated to the maize layer within 28 d, and 79% to 93% were adsorbed and biodegraded in the soil layer. Therefore, the scope and strength of the influence of the anthropogenic activities on the environmental media exhibit a decreasing sequence of maize > water > soil. This study not only quantitatively characterizes the impact of anthropogenic activities on the ecological environment but also presents the first comprehensive overview of the environmental fate of ASs in the critical zone of the XNA, China. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:866-876. © 2021 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information Systems, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan
- Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma X, Liu Z, Yang Y, Zhu L, Deng J, Lu S, Li X, Dietrich AM. Aqueous degradation of artificial sweeteners saccharin and neotame by metal organic framework material. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143181. [PMID: 33183822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The artificial sweeteners (ASs) saccharin (SAC) and neotame (NEO) are widely used across the globe and are considered as emerging contaminants in surface, ground, and drinking waters. To degrade SAC and NEO, the metal organic framework material Co-based bio-MOF-11 was prepared by hydrothermal reaction and used with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator. The effects of the initial concentration of SAC and NEO, bio-MOF-11-Co dosage, PMS concentration, initial pH, temperature, and competitive anions were determined. The results revealed that bio-MOF-11-Co effectively catalyzed the degradation of SAC and NEO and possessed good stability and recycling efficiency. The degradation reaction was effective from pH 3.6-9.8 and followed quasi-first-order kinetics with degradation rate constants of 0.001-0.013 min-1 for SAC and 0.03-0.52 min-1 for NEO. Increased temperature was conducive to the degradation of both artificial sweeteners. The presence of Cl- inhibited the degradation of SAC and NEO, while the presence of CO32- promoted their degradation. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and free radical quenching demonstrated that the primary free radicals were sulfate radicals ( [Formula: see text] ) and hydroxyl radicals (HO). The change of cobalt oxidation state and electron transfer in bio-MOF-11-Co mainly induces the production of [Formula: see text] . A plausible mechanism for degradation is [Formula: see text] and HO attack on CS bonds, NS bonds, and benzene rings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ma
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Zhanghua Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yulong Yang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lidan Zhu
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Andrea M Dietrich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vitale D, Picó Y, Spanò N, Torreblanca A, Del Ramo J. Carbamazepine exposure in the sea anemones Anemonia sulcata and Actinia equina: Metabolite identification and physiological responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140891. [PMID: 32711318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and other emerging contaminants (EC) have been increasingly detected and measured in coastal waters and large effort has been devoted to knowing the effects these substances have in coastal ecosystems. Anthozoa class is underrepresented in ecotoxicology studies despite some of their species being endangered. Anemonia sulcata and Actinia equina are species widely distributed in the Mediterranean Sea. The objectives of this work have been to evaluate the ability of these species to accumulate carbamazepine (CBZ) from water, to determine the effects of this pharmaceutical on some physiological and biochemical endpoints and to characterize the degradation routes followed by this compound in Anthozoa tissues (biotransformation) and water. Sea anemones were exposed to 1 μg L-1 and 100 μg L-1 of CBZ in artificial sea water in a semi-static system for 8 days. At several times small portions of the tentacles and whole organisms were taken. Ion transport (measured as NKATPase activity), energetic metabolism (measured as glucose and lactate levels) and nitrogen excretion (measured as ammonia concentration in tissues) were determined. CBZ-exposed individuals of A. sulcata and A. equina were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) on a quadrupole-time-of-flight (QqTOF). The structures of nine metabolites have been tentatively identified using HRMS and HRMS/MS data with the aid of the free available Medline database. The current work constitutes the first study on the identification of Cnidarian metabolites of CBZ in species of the Anthozoa class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dyana Vitale
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV), University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV), University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Amparo Torreblanca
- Departament of Cell Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jose Del Ramo
- Departament of Cell Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cárdenas-Soracá DM, Singh V, Nazdrajić E, Vasiljević T, Grandy JJ, Pawliszyn J. Development of thin-film solid-phase microextraction coating and method for determination of artificial sweeteners in surface waters. Talanta 2020; 211:120714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
14
|
Li D, Yao Y, Sun H, Wang Y, Pu J, Calderón R, Alder AC, Kannan K. Artificial Sweeteners in Pig Feed: A Worldwide Survey and Case Study in Pig Farms in Tianjin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4059-4067. [PMID: 32122124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Some artificial sweeteners (ASs) are used in pig feeds, although little is known on this regard. An investigation was conducted by determining seven common ASs in pig feed, manure, wastewater, compost, and soil from 16 pig farms in Tianjin, China. Saccharin (SAC) was predominant in feed (1.41-326 mg/kg) and manure samples (1.06-401 mg/kg). The annual mass loads of ASs in pig feeds were estimated at 5.69-119, 4.92-149, and 1.29-35 kg per 103 piglets, hogs, and sows, respectively. The annual emission of ASs via biowaste (i.e., manure) was estimated at 3.58-85.2, 0.04-26.2, and 0.08-9.97 kg per 103 capita for the three dominant ASs, i.e., SAC, neotame (NEO), and cyclamate (CYC). On a global scale, SAC was also widely detected at concentrations of 0.01-326 mg/kg in pig feed from China, Switzerland, Japan, Chile, and the United States, suggesting the worldwide use of ASs in pig feed. NEO and CYC were found in 41% and 30% of the feed samples, respectively, at concentrations of 0.05-70 mg/kg, whereas other ASs were barely found with rather lower concentrations. The annual mass loads of ASs consumed via pig feed consumption were estimated at 2400 tons worldwide. Thus, pig farming is an important source of ASs to the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jian Pu
- Faculty of Information Networking for Innovation and Design, Tokyo University, Tokyo 115-0053, Japan
- Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Raul Calderón
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Fabrica 1990, Segundo Piso, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo C Alder
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12201, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lara-Martín PA, Chiaia-Hernández AC, Biel-Maeso M, Baena-Nogueras RM, Hollender J. Tracing Urban Wastewater Contaminants into the Atlantic Ocean by Nontarget Screening. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3996-4005. [PMID: 32122118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Oceans are the ultimate sink for many of the over 100 million man-made substances. Until now, monitoring was limited to a reduced number of targeted persistent organic pollutants, reaching open waters mainly via atmospheric deposition. However, the composition and fate of the thousands of pollutants reaching the marine environment though wastewater discharges from coastal sources remain largely unexplored. By combining a newly developed nontarget screening (NTS) workflow and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), we have identified over 500 sewage-derived contaminants occurring in the ocean. Samples from the NE Atlantic contained this anthropogenic imprint at distances over 50 km from the coastline and >500 m depth, beyond the continental margin. The range of identified compounds spans from pharmaceuticals and personal care products to food additives and industrial chemicals, including several that have never been reported in the environment, as they escaped conventional targeted analytical methods. Predicting the effects of the continuous input of this chemical "cocktail" on marine ecosystems is a formidable challenge, since 40% of the detected compounds lack information regarding their use and ecotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Aurea C Chiaia-Hernández
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Geography and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Biel-Maeso
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Rosa M Baena-Nogueras
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, IBP, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gatidou G, Vazaiou N, Thomaidis NS, Stasinakis AS. Biodegradability assessment of food additives using OECD 301F respirometric test. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125071. [PMID: 31683420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ready biodegradability of twenty food additives, belonging to the classes of artificial sweeteners, natural sweeteners, preservatives and colorings, was investigated using activated sludge as inoculum and OECD 301F respirometric test. According to the results, saccharin, aspartame, sodium cyclamate, xylitol, erythritol, maltitol, potassium sorbate, benzoic acid and sodium ascorbate are characterized as readily biodegradable compounds, partial biodegradation (<60% during the test) was noticed for steviol, inulin, alitame, curcumin, ponceau 4R and tartrazine, while no biodegradation was observed for the other five compounds. The duration of lag phase before the start of biodegradation varied between the target compounds, while their ultimate biodegradation half-life values ranged between 0.7 ± 0.1 days (benzoic acid) and 24.6 ± 1.0 days (curcumin). The expected removal of target compounds due to ultimate biodegradation mechanism was estimated for a biological wastewater treatment system operated at a retention time of one day and percentages higher than 40% were calculated for sodium cyclamate, potassium sorbate and benzoic acid. Higher removal percentages are expected in full-scale Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) due to the contribution of other mechanisms such as sorption to suspended solids, (bio)transformation and co-metabolic phenomena. Further biodegradation experiments should be conducted under different experimental conditions for the food additives that did not fulfill the requirements of the applied protocol. Future studies should also focus on the occurrence and fate of food colorants and natural sweeteners in full-scale STPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Gatidou
- Department of Environment, Water and Air Quality Laboratory, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Greece.
| | - Niki Vazaiou
- Department of Environment, Water and Air Quality Laboratory, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 157 71, Greece
| | - Athanasios S Stasinakis
- Department of Environment, Water and Air Quality Laboratory, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cantwell MG, Katz DR, Sullivan J, Kuhn A. Evaluation of the artificial sweetener sucralose as a sanitary wastewater tracer in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:711-717. [PMID: 31426213 PMCID: PMC6766748 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Narragansett Bay is an urban estuary that historically has been impacted by long-term discharge of sanitary wastewater (WW) effluents. High-density water sampling was conducted in Narragansett Bay, RI, USA, in an effort to understand the distribution and behavior of sucralose, an artificial sweetener that has shown utility as a sanitary wastewater tracer. Water samples were collected at sixty-seven sites and analyzed for sucralose, whose performance was compared to other tracers present in wastewater effluents. Concentrations of sucralose were much higher than the other tracers measured, carbamazepine and caffeine, ranging from 18 to 3180 ng/L and corresponded well with salinity (r2 = 0.88), demonstrating conservative behavior throughout the Bay. Mapped interpolation data using an empirical bayesian kriging model clearly show the spatial trends of WW and how estuarine processes influence dilution and dispersion throughout the Bay. These findings provide further evidence of the efficacy of sucralose as a wastewater tracer in large urban estuaries where continuous high-volume discharge of WW occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Cantwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Atlantic Ecology Division (AED), 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.
| | - David R Katz
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Atlantic Ecology Division (AED), 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Julia Sullivan
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Anne Kuhn
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Atlantic Ecology Division (AED), 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| |
Collapse
|