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Sempere-Valverde J, Castro-Cadenas MD, Guerra-García JM, Espinosa F, García-Gómez JC, Ros M. Buoys are non-indigenous fouling hotspots in marinas regardless of their environmental status and pressure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168301. [PMID: 37949133 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Marinas contribute to the degradation of coastal ecosystems, constitute non-indigenous species (NIS) hotspots and function as steppingstones in invasion processes. These often enclose highly modified water bodies that promote the concentration of pollutants and propagules, favoring NIS abundance. In these habitats, floating structures are often the most invaded by fouling NIS. This study aims to address the effect of floating substrate (buoys vs pontoons) on fouling assemblages, with special focus on NIS, in 6 marinas of Cadiz Bay during summer and winter seasons. Since the effect substrate type can depend on the water physicochemical conditions and environmental state and pressures of marinas, an environmental assessment was carried out for each marina using literature, physicochemical water measurements and environmental risk assessments. Despite the registered seasonal variation in fouling assemblages and the environmental variability among the studied marinas, the type of substrate played a key role in fouling assemblages' structure and abundance. The higher abundance of fouling assemblages in buoys than pontoons favor NIS prevalence in marinas and increase the risk of NIS dispersal, particularly considering that buoys are more likely to detach and drift at sea than pontoons. The results indicate that high-risk consideration should be given to this substrate type and that the potential environmental effects of biological pollution must be considered in risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sempere-Valverde
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. de la Reina Mercedes S/N, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - María D Castro-Cadenas
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. de la Reina Mercedes S/N, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Institute of Marine Science, Spanish National Research Council (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Guerra-García
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. de la Reina Mercedes S/N, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Free Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. de la Reina Mercedes S/N, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Carlos García-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. de la Reina Mercedes S/N, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Macarena Ros
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. de la Reina Mercedes S/N, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Impact Analysis of Marinas on Nautical Tourism in Andalusia. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10060780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Marinas are the key infrastructures for satisfying the complex and growing demand for nautical tourism. The significant number of auxiliary industries derived from the operation of the port itself are integrated within the sectors belonging to the Blue Economy. The aim of this article is to determine what marinas provide in Andalusia (Spain) and how they affect the development of the municipalities where they are located. The methodology used relies on a panel of experts who provide in-depth information about the sector by means of the Pestel and Swot diagnosis. The results obtained underline the importance of the marinas in Andalusia for the tourism sector, which are an international point of reference but which are currently exposed to a series of threats derived from the competition of ports in other Spanish regions (Levante, Catalonia, Balearic Islands, etc.), and other countries (Morocco, Croatia, etc.). In conclusion, the ports of Andalusia are well-consolidated and form a fundamental part of the economic development of the area through nautical tourism.
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Abstract
Marinas are known to be features related to nautical tourism. Nevertheless, the responsibility of managers does not lie solely on providing accurate services to boats, seafarers and visitors. Thus, an effective management should include other factors, because marinas are embodied in a singular space, with links to diverse nature. Landscape, known as the relationship between people and their environment, represents a set of these links. In this paper, we attempt to delve into the marina management and landscape. Firstly, a targeted exploration of the main issues related to the management of marinas was accomplished. Secondly, based on the previous items, a screening was carried out from a landscape viewpoint with the aim to stablish which elements of marina’s management are significant when tackling landscape. The results indicated that there is a concern with environmental aspects, specifically, on issues related to marine pollution and water quality. However, the determination of the main management-related issues, valued from a landscape perspective, may provide the main issues that need to be addressed in decision-making processes, incorporating the landscape dimension. Thus, we have attempted to understand and discuss how the landscape should be considered in marina management as a potential competitive advantage.
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Guerra-García JM, Navarro-Barranco C, Ros M, Sedano F, Espinar R, Fernández-Romero A, Martínez-Laiz G, Cuesta JA, Giráldez I, Morales E, Florido M, Moreira J. Ecological quality assessement of marinas: An integrative approach combining biological and environmental data. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 286:112237. [PMID: 33676130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The importance of marinas as infrastructures for recreational boating is increasing substantially. However, information on their soft-bottom benthic communities, a key tool for managing programmes, is still scarce. We combined environment features with macro- and meiofaunal soft-bottom community information for assessing the ecological status of marinas with an integrative approach. To address this issue, we focused on eight marinas of the Southern Iberian Peninsula. Macro- and meiofauna data revealed high benthic heterogeneity at a spatial scale. The environmental variables which correlated best with macrofauna were mainly phosphorus, granulometry, and total organic carbon, and secondarily important variables were faecal coliforms, the biocide Irgarol, and heavy metals; total hydrocarbon concentration was also significant for meiofauna. Annelida was the dominant phylum in terms of number of species (37%) and abundance (66%) and were better descriptors of the environmental conditions than Arthropoda and Mollusca. Although identification to the species level is desirable and mandatory for assessing biological pollution, significant differences among marinas and correlations between fauna and abiotic variables were already detected at the level of family and order. This implies that biota assessment at higher levels may still be useful in monitoring programmes limited by time and budget constraints. The major novelty of this study lies in the development of an integrative assessment method based on the following selected ecological indicators: Marinas Environmental Pollution Index (MEPI), Biocontamination Index (BCI), macrofaunal biotic indices (AMBI, M-AMBI, BENTIX, MEDOCC and BENFES), macrofaunal taxa richness and Shannon-Wiener's diversity, and nematode:copepod index. This approach was able to discriminate marinas of the Southern Iberian Peninsula based on their ecological status, which ranged from poor to good. The method can be useful to design standards for assigning "sustainable quality seals" to those marinas with better values of ecological indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Guerra-García
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - Carlos Navarro-Barranco
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Macarena Ros
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Sedano
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Espinar
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Romero
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Gemma Martínez-Laiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose A Cuesta
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC), Avda. República Saharaui, 2, 11519, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Giráldez
- Dpto. Química "Prof. J.C. Vilchez Martín", Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales Research Center in Technology of Products and Chemical Processes, Pro(2)TecS Universidad de Huelva, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, S/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Emilio Morales
- Dpto. Química "Prof. J.C. Vilchez Martín", Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales Research Center in Technology of Products and Chemical Processes, Pro(2)TecS Universidad de Huelva, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, S/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Marta Florido
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Moreira
- Departamento de Biología (Unidad de Zoología) & Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Cruz-Pérez N, Rodríguez-Martín J, García C, Ioras F, Christofides N, Vieira M, Bruccoleri M, Santamarta JC. Comparative study of the environmental footprints of marinas on European Islands. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9410. [PMID: 33931724 PMCID: PMC8087800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ports have been key elements in Europe's economic development. This situation is even more relevant on islands, which are highly dependent on the maritime sector. Consequently, over the years, ports with diverse functionalities have been established both in mainland Europe and on its outlying islands. This article discusses the environmental impact of leisure marinas on European islands, especially as they are closely linked to economic development through tourism. The aim is to study the environmental impact of these infrastructures by determining the carbon and water footprints of marinas on European islands in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The results obtained enable the authors to make recommendations in order to reduce the overall environmental footprint of marinas on islands, considering that these territories are much more vulnerable to climate change than mainland locations in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Cruz-Pérez
- Department of Agricultural, Nautical, Civil and Maritime Engineering, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Jesica Rodríguez-Martín
- Technical Department and Projects in Engineering and Architecture, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Celso García
- Departament of Geography, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Florin Ioras
- Buckinghamshire New University, Queen Alexandra Road, Wycombe, UK
| | | | - Marco Vieira
- ACIF-CCIM - Associação Comercial e Industrial Do Funchal - Câmara de Comercio e Industria da Madeira PT, Funchal, Portugal
| | | | - Juan C Santamarta
- Department of Agricultural, Nautical, Civil and Maritime Engineering, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Guerra-García JM, Navarro-Barranco C, Martínez-Laiz G, Moreira J, Giráldez I, Morales E, Fernández-Romero A, Florido M, Ros M. Assessing environmental pollution levels in marinas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144169. [PMID: 33360466 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in recreational boating and the increasing number of marinas along the world's coastlines, environmental knowledge of these ecosystems is still very scarce. Detailed data of pollutants in marinas are necessary to provide a global approach of environmental risks in the context of international management strategies. In the present study, a set of 64 variables (30 in seawater and 34 in sediments) were measured to compare marinas from the Southern Iberian Peninsula (SIP). Uni and multivariate analyses showed significant differences among marinas, evidencing the importance of management on a local scale. The most relevant variables determining these differences were turbidity and the biocide Irgarol 1051 in seawater, and granulometry, hydrocarbons and faecal coliforms in sediment. The use of normalization techniques with Al or Fe, and the suitability of different methodologies to measure Total Organic Matter in marinas were also discussed. Additionally, we perform a comprehensive literature review of worldwide marina stressors and develop a simple and straightforward method for assessing environmental quality. The method was tested using SIP marinas and was based on the comparison of 15 selected sediment stressors with background values, concentrations of worldwide sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), and reference conditions/security thresholds established by the programme of coastal waters in port areas (ROM 5.1). A global score was assigned using a new proposed index, Marinas Environmental Pollution Index (MEPI), ranging from 0 to 150 points according to the environmental quality (<90: bad, 90-120: moderate, >120: good). MEPI of marinas from SIP ranged from 60 to 110 points indicating bad or moderate levels of pollution. Environmental quality is one of the decisive factors for awarding eco-labels or eco-certifications, such as Blue Flags in marinas. Therefore, pollution baseline information and environmental tools are mandatory for correct assignation of these awards and necessary for assessing the efficiency of management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Guerra-García
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Carlos Navarro-Barranco
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Gemma Martínez-Laiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Moreira
- Departamento de Biología (Unidad de Zoología) & Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Goblal (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Giráldez
- Dpto. Química "Prof. J.C. Vilchez Martín", Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales Research Center in Technology of Products and Chemical Processes, Pro(2)TecS Universidad de Huelva, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Emilio Morales
- Dpto. Química "Prof. J.C. Vilchez Martín", Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales Research Center in Technology of Products and Chemical Processes, Pro(2)TecS Universidad de Huelva, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Romero
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Florido
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Macarena Ros
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
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Martínez-Vázquez RM, de Pablo Valenciano J, Caparrós Martínez JL. Marinas and sustainability: Directions for future research. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112035. [PMID: 33515830 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marinas have ceased to be ports dedicated exclusively to recreational boating and nautical sports. Nowadays, marinas offer a variety of services that complement the tourist offering of its locality in addition to auxiliary activities that arise from its main activity. There are considerable economic and social resources generated by these types of facilities that benefit their localities, but they can also have negative effects such as compromising the sustainability of the environment. The objective of this article is to examine the terms related to changes in the ecosystem derived from marinas through the Keywords Plus and the Author Keywords extracted from the WoS database and obtain results that explain how several themes have evolved and how these concepts relate to each other and to other variables. In this way, it will be possible to critically examine the selection of terms that appear in scientific documents. The results show that pollution, antifouling paints, and invasive species are the terms of greatest concern and on which particular emphasis should be placed for future lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime de Pablo Valenciano
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Almería, Ctra. De Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Campos BGD, Moreira LB, Pauly GDFE, Cruz ACF, Monte CDN, Dias da Silva LI, Rodrigues APDC, Machado W, Abessa DMDS. Integrating multiple lines of evidence of sediment quality in a tropical bay (Guanabara Bay, Brazil). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:925-934. [PMID: 31426239 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the ecological risk of metal contamination in sediments of Guanabara Bay (GB) by combining multiple lines of evidence (LOEs). Chemical analysis and a set of whole-sediment toxicity assays were conducted with Tiburonella viscana, Kalliapseudes schubartii, Anomalocardia flexuosa, and Nitocra sp. Results were integrated by multivariate analysis and qualitative methods. Additionally, a whole-sediment Toxicity Identification Evaluation technique (TIE) was applied to identify the chemical groups responsible for the effects. Sediments from harbor and industrial areas exhibited toxicity linked to moderate to high concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cr. The TIE technique confirmed such effects, but it also indicates the contribution of ammonia and organic compounds to the observed toxicity. Our results demonstrate that the combination of multiple LOEs improves the effectiveness of environmental risk assessment of chemical stressors and management of coastal ecosystems in tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Galvão de Campos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Buruaem Moreira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Feitosa Cruz
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane do Nascimento Monte
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Program of Geochemistry, Department of Geochemistry, 24020-141 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; West Pará State Federal University (UFOPA), Engineering and Geosciences Institute, 68040-255 Santarém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Lílian Irene Dias da Silva
- Mineral Analysis Coordination, Center of Mineral Technology (CETEM), Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universitária, 21941-908 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Castro Rodrigues
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Program of Geochemistry, Department of Geochemistry, 24020-141 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Health Science Center, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 24020141m Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wilson Machado
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Program of Geochemistry, Department of Geochemistry, 24020-141 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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