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Ishibashi H, Nishimura S, Tanaka K, Haruta S, Takayama K, Yamashiro H, Takeuchi I. Transcriptome analysis reveals limited toxic effects of the UV-filter benzophenone-3 (BP-3) on the hermatypic coral Acropora tenuis and its symbiotic dinoflagellates. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116260. [PMID: 38522341 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the toxic and transcriptomic effects of the ultraviolet filter benzophenone-3 (BP-3) on Acropora tenuis and its symbiotic dinoflagellates while using acetone as a solvent. Seven-day exposure to 50 and 500 μg/L, which is higher than most BP-3 records from coastal waters, did not affect coral colour or dinoflagellate photosynthesis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between seawater and solvent controls were <20 in both corals and dinoflagellates. Eleven coral DEGs were detected after treatment with 50 μg/L BP-3. Fourteen coral DEGs, including several fluorescent protein genes, were detected after treatment with 500 μg/L BP-3. In contrast, no dinoflagellate DEGs were detected in the BP-3 treatment group. These results suggest that the effects of 50-500 μg/L BP-3 on adult A. tenuis and its dinoflagellates are limited. Our experimental methods with lower acetone toxicity provide a basis for establishing standard ecotoxicity tests for corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Saori Nishimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Kokoro Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Haruta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamashiro
- Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
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Zhou Y, Li Q, Zhang Q, Yuan M, Zhu X, Li Y, Li Q, Downs CA, Huang D, Chou LM, Zhao H. Environmental Concentrations of Herbicide Prometryn Render Stress-Tolerant Corals Susceptible to Ocean Warming. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4545-4557. [PMID: 38386019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Global warming has caused the degradation of coral reefs around the world. While stress-tolerant corals have demonstrated the ability to acclimatize to ocean warming, it remains unclear whether they can sustain their thermal resilience when superimposed with other coastal environmental stressors. We report the combined impacts of a photosystem II (PSII) herbicide, prometryn, and ocean warming on the stress-tolerant coral Galaxea fascicularis through physiological and omics analyses. The results demonstrate that the heat-stress-induced inhibition of photosynthetic efficiency in G. fascicularis is exacerbated in the presence of prometryn. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses indicate that the prometryn exposure may overwhelm the photosystem repair mechanism in stress-tolerant corals, thereby compromising their capacity for thermal acclimation. Moreover, prometryn might amplify the adverse effects of heat stress on key energy and nutrient metabolism pathways and induce a stronger response to oxidative stress in stress-tolerant corals. The findings indicate that the presence of prometryn at environmentally relevant concentrations would render corals more susceptible to heat stress and exacerbate the breakdown of coral Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis. The present study provides valuable insights into the necessity of prioritizing PSII herbicide pollution reduction in coral reef protection efforts while mitigating the effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiuli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Meile Yuan
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhu
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou 571126, China
| | - Qipei Li
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Craig A Downs
- Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, P.O. Box 92, Clifford, Virginia 24533, United States
| | - Danwei Huang
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117377, Singapore
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119227, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Loke-Ming Chou
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119227, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Kim DH, Alayande AB, Lee JM, Jang JH, Jo SM, Jae MR, Yang E, Chae KJ. Emerging marine environmental pollution and ecosystem disturbance in ship hull cleaning for biofouling removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167459. [PMID: 37788783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous marine sessile organisms adhere to ship hulls and increase the sailing resistance. Antibiofouling paints are employed to maintain the ship performance. However, the chemicals employed for antifouling purposes are becoming increasingly diverse, lacking clear toxicological information. Particularly, the imperfect antibiofouling efficacies of these chemicals necessitate periodic hull cleaning to dislodge attached marine organisms. This hull cleaning process inadvertently releases a plethora of hazardous substances, including antibiofouling chemicals, heavy metals, and cleaning agents, alongside exotic microorganisms. This results in profound marine pollution and ecosystem disruption. Specifically, these exotic microorganisms pose a novel ecological threat in coastal waters. However, despite the gravity of ship hull cleaning-related issues, comprehensive investigations have been lacking, and international regulatory measures are gaining attention recently. Aiming to provide solutions to the emerging challenges associated with hull cleaning, this review endeavors to comprehensively address the biofouling organisms and their mechanisms, potential antifouling paint hazards, and effective hull cleaning methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Abayomi Babatunde Alayande
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do 53064, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29625, United States
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Jo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ri Jae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Euntae Yang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do 53064, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.
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Li Q, Fu D, Zhou Y, Li Y, Chen L, Wang Z, Wan Y, Huang Z, Zhao H. Individual and combined effects of herbicide prometryn and nitrate enrichment at environmentally relevant concentrations on photosynthesis, oxidative stress, and endosymbiont community diversity of coral Acropora hyacinthus. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139729. [PMID: 37543226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollution and pesticides such as photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor herbicides have several detrimental impacts on coral reefs, including breakdown of the symbiosis between host corals and photosynthetic symbionts. Although nitrogen and PSII herbicide pollution separately cause coral bleaching, the combined effects of these stressors at environmentally relevant concentrations on corals have not been assessed. Here, we report the combined effects of nitrate enrichment and PSII herbicide (prometryn) exposure on photosynthesis, oxidative status and endosymbiont community diversity of the reef-building coral Acropora hyacinthus. Coral fragments were exposed in a mesocosm system to nitrate enrichment (9 μmol/L) and two prometryn concentrations (1 and 5 μg/L). The results showed that sustained prometryn exposure in combination with nitrate enrichment stress had significant detrimental impacts on photosynthetic apparatus [the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and oxidative status in the short term. Nevertheless, the adaptive mechanism of corals allowed the normal physiological state to be recovered following 1 μg/L prometryn and 9 μmol/L nitrate enrichment individual exposure. Moreover, exposure for 9 days was insufficient to trigger a shift in Symbiodiniaceae community. Most importantly, the negative impact of exposure to the combined environmental concentrations of 1 μg/L prometryn and 9 μmol/L nitrate enrichment was found to be significantly greater on the Fv/Fm, quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation [Y(NO)], NPQ, and oxidative status of corals compared to the impact of individual stressors. Our results show that interactions between prometryn stress and nitrate enrichment have a synergistic impact on the photosynthetic and oxidative stress responses of corals. This study provides valuable insights into combined effects of nitrate enrichment and PSII herbicides pollution for coral's physiology. Environmental concentrations of PSII herbicides may be more harmful to photosystems and antioxidant systems of corals under nitrate enrichment stress. Thus, future research and management of seawater quality stressors should consider combined impacts on corals rather than just the impacts of individual stressors alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou, 571127, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province & Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Dinghui Fu
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou, 571127, China
| | - Yanyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province & Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou, 571127, China
| | - Zhaofan Wang
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou, 571127, China
| | - Yinglang Wan
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zanhui Huang
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou, 571127, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province & Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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5
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Ishibashi H, Minamide S, Takeuchi I. Expression analyses of stress-responsive genes in the hermatypic coral Acropora tenuis and its symbiotic dinoflagellates after exposure to the herbicide Diuron. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:289-299. [PMID: 37637253 PMCID: PMC10449730 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Diuron is one of the most frequently applied herbicides in sugarcane farming in southern Japan, and Australia. In addition, it is used as a booster substance in copper-based antifouling paints. Due to these various uses, Diuron is released into the marine environment; however, little information is available on gene expression in corals and their symbiotic algae exposed to Diuron. We investigated the effects of Diuron on stress-responsive gene expression in the hermatypic coral Acropora tenuis and its symbiotic dinoflagellates. After seven days of exposure to 1 µg/L and 10 µg/L Diuron, no significant changes in the body colour of corals were observed. However, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that the expression levels of stress-responsive genes, such as heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), HSP70, and calreticulin (CALR), were significantly downregulated in corals exposed to 10 µg/L of Diuron for seven days. Moreover, aquaglyceroporin was significantly downregulated in corals exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 1 µg/L Diuron. In contrast, no such effects were observed on the expression levels of other stress-responsive genes, such as oxidative stress-responsive proteins, methionine adenosyltransferase, and green/red fluorescent proteins. Diuron exposure had no significant effect on the expression levels of HSP90, HSP70, or HSP40 in the symbiotic dinoflagellates. These results suggest that stress-responsive genes, such as HSPs, respond differently to Diuron in corals and their symbiotic dinoflagellates and that A. tenuis HSPs and CALRs may be useful molecular biomarkers for predicting stress responses induced by the herbicide Diuron. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-023-00183-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Seigo Minamide
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
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Zhou Z, Ni X, Wu Z, Tang J. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the threat of herbicides glufosinate and glyphosate to the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113074. [PMID: 34915224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid metabolism-related herbicides glufosinate and glyphosate are used worldwide and have flowed into the oceans, threatening the marine organisms. In the present study, physiological activities and transcriptomic profiles of the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis and symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae were determined during a 48 h-exposure to the two herbicides with the final concentration of 10 μmol L-1. Coral samples were collected at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h after exposure to determine symbiont density, chlorophyll content, as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) and phenoloxidase (PO), and the caspase-3 levels, and the samples collected at 24 h were employed in the transcriptomic analysis. Specifically, the symbiont densities did not change significantly in response to the two herbicides, while the chlorophyll content increased significantly at 24 h post glufosinate exposure. SOD and CAT activities in the coral host increased significantly at 12 h after glufosinate and glyphosate exposure, while the activity of NOS in symbionts decreased significantly at 48 h after glufosinate exposure. Caspase-3 levels in the coral host declined significantly at 24 h after exposure to the two herbicides. In the transcriptomic analysis, glufosinate triggered the expression of genes related to the response to stimuli and immunoregulation in the coral host, and suppressed the expression of genes related to coral nitrogen-related metabolism, symbiont cell cycle, and response to nutrient levels. Furthermore, glyphosate activated the expression of genes involved in coral calcification and symbiont nutrient export and suppressed the expression of genes involved in coral meiosis and symbiont cell communication. These results suggest that although the coral-Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis is not disrupted, short-term glufosinate and glyphosate exposures alter several essential physiological processes including metabolism, calcification, and meiosis in the coral host, as well as the cell cycle and nutrient export in the symbiont. SUMMARY: Glufosinate and glyphosate herbicide exposures can disturb several essential physiological processes, including metabolism, calcification, and meiosis in the coral host as well as the cell cycle and nutrient export in the symbiont, threating the survival of scleractinian corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xingzhen Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhongjie Wu
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou 571126, China
| | - Jia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Marzonie M, Flores F, Sadoun N, Thomas MC, Valada-Mennuni A, Kaserzon S, Mueller JF, Negri AP. Toxicity thresholds of nine herbicides to coral symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae). Sci Rep 2021; 11:21636. [PMID: 34737333 PMCID: PMC8568975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 30 herbicides have been detected in catchments and waters of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and their toxicity to key tropical species, including the coral endosymbiotic algae Symbiodiniaceae, is not generally considered in current water quality guideline values (WQGVs). Mutualistic symbionts of the family Symbiodiniaceae are essential for the survival of scleractinian corals. We tested the effects of nine GBR-relevant herbicides on photosynthetic efficiency (ΔF/Fm′) and specific growth rate (SGR) over 14 days of cultured coral endosymbiont Cladocopium goreaui (formerly Symbiodinium clade C1). All seven Photosystem II (PSII) herbicides tested inhibited ΔF/Fm′ and SGR, with toxicity thresholds for SGR ranging between 2.75 and 320 µg L−1 (no effect concentration) and 2.54–257 µg L−1 (EC10). There was a strong correlation between EC50s for ΔF/Fm′ and SGR for all PSII herbicides indicating that inhibition of ΔF/Fm′ can be considered a biologically relevant toxicity endpoint for PSII herbicides to this species. The non-PSII herbicides haloxyfop and imazapic did not affect ΔF/Fm′ or SGR at the highest concentrations tested. The inclusion of this toxicity data for Symbiodiniaceae will contribute to improving WQGVs to adequately inform risk assessments and the management of herbicides in tropical marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magena Marzonie
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia.,AIMS@JCU: Australian Institute of Marine Science and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Florita Flores
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia. .,AIMS@JCU: Australian Institute of Marine Science and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
| | - Nora Sadoun
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Marie C Thomas
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Anais Valada-Mennuni
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Sarit Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia.,AIMS@JCU: Australian Institute of Marine Science and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
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Tang Y, Chen C, Sheng Y, Ding P, Wu X, Beardall J, Wu Y. The inhibitory effects of the antifouling compound Irgarol 1051 on the marine diatom Skeletonema sp. across a broad range of photosynthetically active radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:48535-48542. [PMID: 33909247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The release of anthropogenic organic pollutants has resulted in extensive environmental risks to coastal waters. Among pollutants released, the most common antifoulant, Irgarol 1051, is an effective inhibitor of photosystem II of photoautotrophs; thus, the continuous release of this compound into surrounding seawater would potentially threaten marine algae. To investigate this, we grew the model marine diatom Skeletonema sp. at different concentrations of Irgarol 1051 and levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Irgarol did not affect the photochemical capacity when cells were incubated in the dark, but photochemical yields all significantly decreased, and relative inhibition by Irgarol increased once cells were exposed to even the lowest PAR, with lower photochemical yields observed under increased level of Irgarol. In addition, the rate of decrease in yield increased with Irgarol concentration but was unchanged among PAR treatments. The growth rates showed a similar pattern to photochemical yields, with lower values under higher Irgarol concentrations, but with no significant differences in the effect of Irgarol observed between the light levels employed. The ratio of repair to damage rates of PSII clearly shows that this ratio decreased with light intensity, largely due to increases in damage rates and that the PAR level at which repair balanced damage decreased under a high level of Irgarol. Our results suggest that the inhibitory effects of Irgarol become obvious after PAR exposure even at a relatively low light level, suggesting that Irgarol would affect phytoplankton throughout the daytime, and may therefore have a broad environmental risk, potentially limiting coastal primary production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yangjie Sheng
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Peijian Ding
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Yaping Wu
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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Ishibashi H, Takaichi D, Takeuchi I. Effects of the herbicide Irgarol 1051 on the transcriptome of hermatypic coral Acropora tenuis and its symbiotic dinoflagellates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146542. [PMID: 34030298 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs face multiple threats, including climate change, agricultural runoff, shipping activities, coastal development, and chemical pollutants. Irgarol 1051, a PSII herbicide, has been used as an antifouling booster since the previously used antibiofouling agent tributyltin (TBT) was banned worldwide. Although the mechanisms through which elevated temperatures cause coral bleaching have been reported, it remains unclear how PSII herbicides cause bleaching. Thus, in this study, we investigated the transcriptomes of Acropora tenuis and its symbiotic dinoflagellates by RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Irgarol-induced bleaching. Coral exposure to 10 μg/L Irgarol for 7 d affected coral body colour, specifically by an increase in their red, green, and blue (RGB) values; however, no such effect was observed in corals exposed to 1 μg/L Irgarol. RNA-Seq revealed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in corals and symbiotic dinoflagellates following Irgarol exposure. Coral DEGs encoded green fluorescent protein, blue-light-sensing photoreceptor (cryptochrome), chromoprotein, caspase 8, and nuclear receptors; DEGs in symbiotic dinoflagellates encoded light-harvesting proteins, photosystem II proteins, and heat shock proteins (i.e. HSP70 and HSP90), and ubiquitin. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that both Irgarol treatments disrupted various gene ontology terms, pathways, and protein interaction networks; these are different in corals (e.g. oxidative phosphorylation, metabolic pathway, transforming growth factor-β signalling pathway, adherens junction, and apoptosis) and symbiotic dinoflagellates (e.g. protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, metabolic pathway, and photosynthesis). Our data suggest that Irgarol disrupts the expression of various coral genes, thereby affecting various gene ontology terms, pathways, and protein interaction networks. Our study provides new insights into the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the bleaching effect of PSII herbicides, such as Irgarol, on corals and symbiotic dinoflagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishibashi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takaichi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
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Shitaoka R, Ishibashi H, Takeuchi I. Thermal tolerance of the hermatypic coral Acropora tenuis elucidated by RGB analysis and expression of heat shock proteins in coral and symbiotic dinoflagellates. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 162:111812. [PMID: 33213856 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increased seawater temperature has resulted in mass coral bleaching events globally. Acropora tenuis, the dominant hermatypic coral species in southern Japan, was exposed to four temperature treatments [28 °C, 30 °C, 32 °C, and >32 (=33.3 °C)] for 7 d. The coral colour was converted to R (red), G (green), and B (blue) values, each ranging from 0 (darkest) to 255 (brightest). RGB values exposed to 28 °C and 30 °C decreased slightly, whereas those exposed to 32 °C increased significantly after day 3-6, and those exposed to 33.3 °C changed to white within 2 d. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed no significant changes in heat shock proteins in Acropora and symbiotic dinoflagellates at 28 °C and 30 °C after a 7 d exposure. Our findings revealed that 30 °C, higher than the mean temperature of the warmest month in southern Japan, was an inhabitable temperature for A. tenuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rin Shitaoka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
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Viana JLM, Diniz MDS, Santos SRVD, Verbinnen RT, Almeida MAP, Franco TCRDS. Antifouling biocides as a continuous threat to the aquatic environment: Sources, temporal trends and ecological risk assessment in an impacted region of Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:139026. [PMID: 32416504 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling biocides, such as irgarol and diuron, are commonly used in antifouling paints. Recently, studies carried out in a Brazilian region of ecological concern have warned for extremely high levels of these biocides. So, this work focused on a 4-year (2015-2018) evaluation considering the occurrence, environmental fate, seasonal variations and ecological risk assessment of irgarol and diuron in water and sediment from São Marcos Bay, Brazil, which is an area of international relevance located in the Amazon region. The results showed the ubiquitous presence of antifouling biocides, as well as their wide distribution along the bay. The concentration range of irgarol was between <0.8 and 89.4 ng L-1 in water and between <0.5 and 9.2 ng g-1dw in sediments, whereas diuron showed a range between <1.4 and 22.0 ng L-1 in water and between <2.0 and 15.0 ng g-1dw in sediments. The distribution of the biocides was mainly related to the intense Bay hydrodynamics. The environmental risk assessment showed that irgarol and diuron posed "high risk" to the aquatic biota of São Marcos Bay, exceeding international Environmental Quality Guidelines. The results represent a robust study on the environmental fate of such biocides and intend to be a useful data source for eventual legislation since regulation concerning antifouling substances is necessary for Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lucas Martins Viana
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Marta Dos Santos Diniz
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Sara Raiane Viana Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Raphael Teixeira Verbinnen
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Takeuchi I, Takaichi D, Katsumata M, Ishibashi H. Succession of delayed fluorescence correlated with coral bleaching in the hermatypic coral Acropora tenuis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 154:111008. [PMID: 32179506 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated coral bleaching by monitoring colour changes and measuring the delayed fluorescence (DF) of symbiotic dinoflagellates in the hermatypic coral Acropora tenuis, exposed to 1.0 μg/L Irgarol 1051 (photosystem II herbicide) for 14 d. The Irgarol concentration corresponded to those from international port regions of the world. The coral colour and DFs under the control treatment were stable throughout the experiment, whereas under the Irgarol treatment the corals showed gradual bleaching. The Irgarol treatment caused a rapid decrease in the slow decay DF component (10.1-60.0 s), while the fast decay DF component (0.1-10.0 s) decreased significantly after 6 d. The significant correlation between the latter values and the coral colour indicates that if the electron accumulation function of quinones QA and QB is compromised, corals will bleach. The present study will contribute to the understanding of the mechanism involved in bleaching of coral exposed to herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Takaichi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Masakazu Katsumata
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
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