1
|
Ji Y, Wang R, Zhao H. Toward Sensitive and Reliable Immunoassays of Marine Biotoxins: From Rational Design to Food Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:16076-16094. [PMID: 39010820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Marine biotoxins are metabolites produced by algae that can accumulate in shellfish or fish and enter organisms through the food chain, posing a serious threat to biological health. Therefore, accurate and rapid detection is an urgent requirement for food safety. Although various detection methods, including the mouse bioassay, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and cell detection methods, and protein phosphatase inhibition assays have been developed in the past decades, the current detection methods cannot fully meet these demands. Among these methods, the outstanding immunoassay virtues of high sensitivity, reliability, and low cost are highly advantageous for marine biotoxin detection in complex samples. In this work, we review the recent 5-year progress in marine biotoxin immunodetection technologies such as optical immunoassays, electrochemical immunoassays, and piezoelectric immunoassays. With the assistance of immunoassays, the detection of food-related marine biotoxins can be implemented for ensuring public health and preventing food poisoning. In addition, the immunodetection technique platforms including lateral flow chips and microfluidic chips are also discussed. We carefully investigate the advantages and disadvantages for each immunoassay, which are compared to demonstrate the guidance for selecting appropriate immunoassays and platforms for the detection of marine biotoxins. It is expected that this review will provide insights for the further development of immunoassays and promote the rapid progress and successful translation of advanced immunoassays with food safety detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea and Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea and Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Darias-Dágfeel Y, Sanchez-Henao A, Padilla D, Martín MV, Ramos-Sosa MJ, Poquet P, Barreto M, Silva Sergent F, Jerez S, Real F. Effects on Biochemical Parameters and Animal Welfare of Dusky Grouper ( Epinephelus marginatus, Lowe 1834) by Feeding CTX Toxic Flesh. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1757. [PMID: 38929377 PMCID: PMC11200451 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera is a foodborne disease caused by ciguatoxins (CTXs), produced by dinoflagellates (genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa), which bioaccumulate in fish through the food web, causing poisoning in humans. Currently, the physiological mechanisms of the species with the highest amount of toxins in their adult stage of life that are capable of causing these poisonings are poorly understood. Dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) is a relevant fishing species and is part of the CTX food chain in the Canary Islands. This study developed an experimental model of dietary exposure featuring adult dusky groupers with two diets of tissue naturally contaminated with CTXs (amberjack and moray eel flesh) with two different potential toxicities; both groups were studied at different stages of exposure (4, 6, 10, 12, and 18 weeks). The results showed that this species did not show changes in its behavior due to the provided feeding, but the changes were recorded in biochemical parameters (mainly lipid and hepatic metabolism) that may respond to liver damage and alterations in the homeostasis of the fish; more research is needed to understand histopathological and cytotoxic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yefermin Darias-Dágfeel
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain; (Y.D.-D.); (D.P.); (M.J.R.-S.); (P.P.); (F.S.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Andres Sanchez-Henao
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain; (Y.D.-D.); (D.P.); (M.J.R.-S.); (P.P.); (F.S.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Daniel Padilla
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain; (Y.D.-D.); (D.P.); (M.J.R.-S.); (P.P.); (F.S.S.); (F.R.)
| | - María Virginia Martín
- Oceanographic Centre of Canary Islands, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Spanish National Research Council (IEO-CSIC), C. Farola del Mar 22, San Andrés, 38180 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (M.V.M.); (M.B.); (S.J.)
| | - María José Ramos-Sosa
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain; (Y.D.-D.); (D.P.); (M.J.R.-S.); (P.P.); (F.S.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Paula Poquet
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain; (Y.D.-D.); (D.P.); (M.J.R.-S.); (P.P.); (F.S.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Michelle Barreto
- Oceanographic Centre of Canary Islands, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Spanish National Research Council (IEO-CSIC), C. Farola del Mar 22, San Andrés, 38180 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (M.V.M.); (M.B.); (S.J.)
| | - Freddy Silva Sergent
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain; (Y.D.-D.); (D.P.); (M.J.R.-S.); (P.P.); (F.S.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Salvador Jerez
- Oceanographic Centre of Canary Islands, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Spanish National Research Council (IEO-CSIC), C. Farola del Mar 22, San Andrés, 38180 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (M.V.M.); (M.B.); (S.J.)
| | - Fernando Real
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain; (Y.D.-D.); (D.P.); (M.J.R.-S.); (P.P.); (F.S.S.); (F.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meng R, Du X, Ge K, Wu C, Zhang Z, Liang X, Yang J, Zhang H. Does climate change increase the risk of marine toxins? Insights from changing seawater conditions. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03784-5. [PMID: 38795135 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Marine toxins produced by marine organisms threaten human health and impose a heavy public health burden on coastal countries. Lately, there has been an emergence of marine toxins in regions that were previously unaffected, and it is believed that climate change may be a significant factor. This paper systematically summarizes the impact of climate change on the risk of marine toxins in terms of changes in seawater conditions. From our findings, climate change can cause ocean warming, acidification, stratification, and sea-level rise. These climatic events can alter the surface temperature, salinity, pH, and nutrient conditions of seawater, which may promote the growth of various algae and bacteria, facilitating the production of marine toxins. On the other hand, climate change may expand the living ranges of marine organisms (such as algae, bacteria, and fish), thereby exacerbating the production and spread of marine toxins. In addition, the sources, distribution, and toxicity of ciguatoxin, tetrodotoxin, cyclic imines, and microcystin were described to improve public awareness of these emerging marine toxins. Looking ahead, developing interdisciplinary cooperation, strengthening monitoring of emerging marine toxins, and exploring more novel approaches are essential to better address the risks of marine toxins posed by climate change. Altogether, the interrelationships between climate, marine ecology, and marine toxins were analyzed in this study, providing a theoretical basis for preventing and managing future health risks from marine toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Meng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kangfeng Ge
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chunrui Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zongxin Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu QY, Chen ZM, Li DW, Li AF, Ji Y, Li HY, Yang WD. Toxicity and potential underlying mechanism of Karenia selliformis to the fish Oryzias melastigma. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 262:106643. [PMID: 37549486 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Karenia selliformis can produce toxins such as gymnodimines, and form microalgal blooms causing massive mortality of marine life such as fish and shellfish, and resulting in serious economic losses. However, there are a few of studies on the toxic effects of K. selliformis on marine organisms and the underlying mechanisms, and it is not clear whether the toxins produced by K. selliformis affect fish survival through the food chain. In this study, a food chain was simulated and composed by K. selliformis-brine shrimp-marine medaka to investigate the possibility of K. selliformis toxicity transmission through the food chain, in which fish behavior, histopathology and transcriptomics changes were observed after direct or indirect exposure (through the food chain) of K. selliformis. We found that both direct and indirect exposure of K. selliformis could affect the swimming behavior of medaka, manifested as decreased swimming performance and increased "frozen events". Meanwhile, exposure to K. selliformis caused pathological damage to the intestine and liver tissues of medaka to different degree. The effect of direct exposure to K. selliformis on swimming behavior and damage to fish tissues was more severe. In addition, K. selliformis exposure induced significant changes in the expression of genes related to energy metabolism, metabolic detoxification and immune system in medaka. These results suggest that toxins produced by K. selliformis can be transferred through the food chain, and that K. selliformis can destroy the intestinal integrity of medaka and increase the absorption of toxins, leading to energy metabolism disorders in fish, affecting the metabolic detoxification capacity of the liver. Our finding provides novel insight into the toxicity of K. selliformis to marine fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Yuan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zi-Min Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ai-Feng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ying Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ramos-Sosa MJ, García-Álvarez N, Sanchez-Henao A, Padilla D, Sergent FS, Gago-Martínez A, Diogène J, Caballero MJ, Fernández A, Real F. Ciguatoxin-like toxicity distribution in flesh of amberjack (Seriola spp.) and dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115869. [PMID: 37044166 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are marine neurotoxins that cause ciguatera poisoning (CP), mainly through the consumption of fish. The distribution of CTXs in fish is known to be unequal. Studies have shown that viscera accumulate more toxins than muscle, but little has been conducted on toxicity distribution in the flesh, which is the main edible part of fish, and the caudal muscle is also most commonly targeted for the monitoring of CTXs in the Canary Islands. At present, whether this sample is representative of the toxicity of an individual is undisclosed. This study aims to assess the distribution of CTXs in fish, considering different muscle samples, the liver, and gonads. To this end, tissues from four amberjacks (Seriola spp.) and four dusky groupers (Epinephelus marginatus), over 16.5 kg and captured in the Canary Islands, were analyzed by neuroblastoma-2a cell-based assay. Flesh samples were collected from the extraocular region (EM), head (HM), and different areas from the fillet (A-D). In the amberjack, the EM was the most toxic muscle (1.510 CTX1B Eq·g-1), followed by far for the caudal section of the fillet (D) (0.906 CTX1B Eq·g-1). In the dusky grouper flesh samples, D and EM showed the highest toxicity (0.279 and 0.273 CTX1B Eq·g-1). In both species, HM was one of the least toxic samples (0.421 and 0.166 CTX1B Eq·g-1). The liver stood out for its high CTX concentration (3.643 and 2.718 CTX1B Eq·g-1), as were the gonads (1.620 and 0.992 CTX1B Eq·g-1). According to these results, the caudal muscle next to the tail is a reliable part for use in determining the toxicity of fish flesh to guarantee its safe consumption. Additionally, the analysis of the liver and gonads could provide further information on doubtful specimens, and be used for CTX monitoring in areas with an unknown prevalence of ciguatera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María José Ramos-Sosa
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416, Arucas, Spain
| | - Natalia García-Álvarez
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416, Arucas, Spain.
| | - Andres Sanchez-Henao
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416, Arucas, Spain
| | - Daniel Padilla
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416, Arucas, Spain
| | - Freddy Silva Sergent
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416, Arucas, Spain
| | - Ana Gago-Martínez
- Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jorge Diogène
- Marine and Continental Waters Programme, Institut de Recerca I Tecnologies Agroalimentaires (IRTA), Ctra. Poble Nou, Km. 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de La Ràpita, Spain
| | - María José Caballero
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416, Arucas, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416, Arucas, Spain
| | - Fernando Real
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416, Arucas, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu J, Lee WH, Yip KC, Wu Z, Wu J, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Lu CK, Chan LL. Regional comparison on ciguatoxicity, hemolytic activity, and toxin profile of the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus from Kiribati and Malaysia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162236. [PMID: 36791857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellates Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa can produce Ciguatoxins (CTXs) and Maitotoxins (MTXs) that lead to ciguatera poisoning (CP). The CP hotspots, however, do not directly relate to the occurrence of the ciguatoxic Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. Species-wide investigations often showed no association between CTX level and the molecular identity of the dinoflagellates. In the Pacific region, Kiribati is known as a CP hotspot, while Malaysia has only three CP outbreaks reported thus far. Although ciguatoxic strains of Gambierdiscus were isolated from both Kiribati and Malaysia, no solid evidence on the contribution of ciguatoxic strains to the incidence of CP outbreak was recorded. The present study aims to investigate the regional differences in CP risks through region-specific toxicological assessment of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. A total of 19 strains of Gambierdiscus and a strain of Fukuyoa were analyzed by cytotoxicity assay of the neuro-2a cell line, hemolytic assay of fish erythrocytes, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Gambierdiscus from both Kiribati and Malaysia showed detectable ciguatoxicity; however, the Kiribati strains were more hemolytic. Putative 44-methylgambierone was identified as part of the contributors to the hemolytic activity, and other unknown hydrophilic toxins produced can be potentially linked to higher CP incidence in Kiribati.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Hin Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ki Chun Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chung Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Leo Lai Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bao Y, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Zuo Z, Yang C. Chronic diflubenzuron exposure causes reproductive toxic effects in female marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106511. [PMID: 37011547 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Diflubenzuron, an insecticide commonly used in marine fish farming, has been detected in various marine environments. However, its potential impact on marine fish remains largely unknown. This study investigated the reproductive toxicity of chronic diflubenzuron exposure in female marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). Marine medaka were exposed continuously to environmentally relevant concentrations of diflubenzuron (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L) or a solvent control from the fertilized egg to adulthood. In exposed female marine medaka, the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and the number of laid eggs were significantly reduced. Moreover, diflubenzuron-exposed female marine medaka showed altered ovarian histopathology, with an increased relative proportion of immature oocytes and atretic follicles and a decreased relative proportion of mature oocytes. Maternal exposure to diflubenzuron also inhibited the development of the F1 generation, significantly reducing the hatching rate of F1 embryos and significantly increasing the malformation rate of F1 larvae. Furthermore, changes in hormone levels and expression of genes along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad-liver (HPGL) axis were observed, which may be the fundamental reason for all the reproductive toxic effects mentioned above. These results provide new insights into the impact of diflubenzuron on the female marine medaka reproductive system and underscore the importance of investigating the potential environmental risks of diflubenzuron in the marine environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yixi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Chunyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li L, Chen S, Xu SY, Li DW, Li HY, Yang WD. Toxicity and underlying mechanism of the toxic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus caribaeus to the fish Oryzias melastigma. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114223. [PMID: 36306624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gambierdiscus spp. is mainly responsible for the ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) around the world. The gambiertoxin produced by Gambierdiscus can be passed through the food chain to form ciguatoxins (CTXs) that cause ciguatoxins poisoning. However, the toxic effects of Gambierdiscus on fish through the food chain and related mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the toxicity of Gambierdiscus caribaeus on the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) was investigated, where the simulated food chain toxic algae-food organism-fish (G. caribaeus-Artemia metanauplii-O. melastigma) was set. The results showed that direct or indirect exposure through the food chain of G. caribaeus could affect the swimming behaviour of O. melastigma, manifested as decreased swimming performance and spontaneous abnormal swimming behaviours. Histological observation showed that direct or indirect exposure of G. caribaeus caused different degrees of pathological damage to the gills, intestine and liver tissues of O. melastigma. Transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR demonstrated that G. caribaeus exposure could trigger a series of physiological and biochemical responses, mainly reflected in energy metabolism, reproductive system, neural activity, immune stress and drug metabolism in marine medaka. Our finding may provide novel insight into the toxicity of Gambierdiscus on fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Si-Yuan Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou Y, Zhu K, Wang Q, Chen M, He C, Yang C, Zuo Z. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist diuron and its metabolites cause reproductive disorders in male marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135388. [PMID: 35718029 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diuron, a widely used phenylurea herbicide, has been frequently detected in marine organism and seawater all over the world. But the understanding of potential damage of diuron on reproduction in marine fish is currently not enough. Herein, marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) were continuously exposed to 0, 5, 50, 500, and 5000 ng/L diuron from embryo (0 dpf) to adult (180 dpf) stage. The results suggested that diuron had an adverse influence on male reproduction for marine medaka, including decreased gonado somatic index, histological changes of testes, decreased mobility of sperm, and reduced fecundity through disrupting the balance of sex hormone and genes expression related to hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver (HPGL) axis. The reduced fecundity was reflected in abnormal sexual behaviors, further inhibited growth and development of F1 embryo and larvae. Moreover, the proportion of diuron metabolites (DCPMU and DCPU) was increased in fish, but the proportion of diuron was decreased with the increasing of exposure concentration. Diuron, DCPMU, and DCPU was identified as aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist (AhR) agonist using in silico and in vivo models. DCPMU and DCPU induced the gene expression of AhR signaling and metabolizing enzymes (such as cyp1a1) in the livers. A great deal of major metabolites affected various organs related to HPGL axis of male marine medaka and led to serious reproductive disorders. Consequently, it reveals that long-term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of diuron and even AhR agonist pesticides pose a potential ecological risk for marine fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Kongyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Ruan Y, Wu R, Cui Y, Shen J, Mak YL, Wang Q, Zhang K, Yan M, Wu J, Lam PKS. Occurrence, spatial distribution, and partitioning behavior of marine lipophilic phycotoxins in the Pearl River Estuary, South China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119875. [PMID: 35926733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, spatial distribution, and partitioning behavior of 17 marine lipophilic phycotoxins (MLPs) in surface and bottom seawater, particulate organic matter (POM), and surface sediment from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) were investigated to understand current contamination and the potential risks to marine ecosystems in this region. Nine MLPs were detected, including azaspiracid1-3, gymnodimine, okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin 1-2, pectenotoxin2 (PTX2), and homoyessotoxin, with Σ17MLP concentrations ranging 545-12,600 pg L-1 and 619-8,800 pg L-1 in surface and bottom seawater, respectively; 0-294 ng g-1 and 0.307-300 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) in surface and bottom POM, respectively; and 3.90-982 pg g-1 dw in surface sediment. Lower Σ17MLP levels in the seawater were found at the mouth of the PRE, and gradually increased with increasing distance offshore. According to the calculated partition coefficient, the affinity of MLPs for the aquatic environment components was as follows (from highest to lowest): POM > seawater > sediment. Overall, the distribution and migration of MLPs in the PRE may depend on partition coefficients, the organic carbon fraction, and environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; Department of Transportation and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Rongben Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Yongsheng Cui
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Jincan Shen
- Food Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Shenzhen Customs, Key Laboratory of Detection Technology R & D on Food Safety, Shenzhen Academy of Inspection Quarantine, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Yim Ling Mak
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jiaxue Wu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; Office of the President, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, 30 Good Shepherd Street, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu J, Lee WH, Wu J, Zhou S, Yip KC, Liu X, Kirata T, Chan LL. The Occurrence, Distribution, and Toxicity of High-Risk Ciguatera Fish Species (Grouper and Snapper) in Kiritimati Island and Marakei Island of the Republic of Kiribati. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030208. [PMID: 35324705 PMCID: PMC8952361 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera is one of the most widespread food poisonings caused by the ingestion of fish contaminated by ciguatoxins (CTXs). Snapper and grouper with high palatable and economic value are the primary food source and fish species for exportation in the Republic of Kiribati, but they are highly suspected CTX-contaminated species due to their top predatory characteristics. In this study, 60 fish specimens from 17 species of snappers and groupers collected from the Kiritimati Island and Marakei Island of the Republic of Kiribati were analyzed using mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine Pacific CTX-1, -2 and -3 (P-CTX-1, -2 and -3). The LC-MS/MS results show that CTXs were detected in 74.5% of specimens from Marakei Island and 61.5% of specimens from Kiritimati Island. The most toxic fish Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus from Marakei Island and Cephalopholis miniata from Kiritimati Island were detected as 53-fold and 28-fold P-CTX-1 equivalents higher than the safety level of 10 pg/g P-CTX-1 equivalents, respectively. CTX levels and composition profiles varied with species and location. The N2a results suggested that fish specimens also contain high levels of other CTX-like toxins or sodium channel activators. The distribution patterns for ciguatoxic fish of the two islands were similar, with fish sampled from the northwest being more toxic than the southwest. This study shows that groupers and snappers are high-risk species for ciguatera in the Republic of Kiribati, and these species can further be used as indicator species in ciguatera endemic areas for risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.Z.); (W.-H.L.); (J.W.); (S.Z.); (K.-C.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Wai-Hin Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.Z.); (W.-H.L.); (J.W.); (S.Z.); (K.-C.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Jiajun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.Z.); (W.-H.L.); (J.W.); (S.Z.); (K.-C.Y.); (X.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Shiwen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.Z.); (W.-H.L.); (J.W.); (S.Z.); (K.-C.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Ki-Chun Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.Z.); (W.-H.L.); (J.W.); (S.Z.); (K.-C.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaowan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.Z.); (W.-H.L.); (J.W.); (S.Z.); (K.-C.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Taratau Kirata
- Ministry of Fisheries & Marine Resources Development, Kiribati Government, Tarawa 276123, Kiribati;
| | - Leo-Lai Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.Z.); (W.-H.L.); (J.W.); (S.Z.); (K.-C.Y.); (X.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-34424125
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Leite IDP, Sdiri K, Taylor A, Viallon J, Gharbia HB, Mafra Júnior LL, Swarzenski P, Oberhaensli F, Darius HT, Chinain M, Bottein MYD. Experimental Evidence of Ciguatoxin Accumulation and Depuration in Carnivorous Lionfish. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080564. [PMID: 34437435 PMCID: PMC8402466 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera poisoning is a food intoxication associated with the consumption of fish or shellfish contaminated, through trophic transfer, with ciguatoxins (CTXs). In this study, we developed an experimental model to assess the trophic transfer of CTXs from herbivorous parrotfish, Chlorurus microrhinos, to carnivorous lionfish, Pterois volitans. During a 6-week period, juvenile lionfish were fed naturally contaminated parrotfish fillets at a daily dose of 0.11 or 0.035 ng CTX3C equiv. g−1, as measured by the radioligand-receptor binding assay (r-RBA) or neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a), respectively. During an additional 6-week depuration period, the remaining fish were fed a CTX-free diet. Using r-RBA, no CTXs were detectable in muscular tissues, whereas CTXs were measured in the livers of two out of nine fish sampled during exposure, and in four out of eight fish sampled during depuration. Timepoint pooled liver samples, as analyzed by CBA-N2a, confirmed the accumulation of CTXs in liver tissues, reaching 0.89 ng CTX3C equiv. g−1 after 41 days of exposure, followed by slow toxin elimination, with 0.37 ng CTX3C equiv. g−1 measured after the 6-week depuration. These preliminary results, which need to be pursued in adult lionfish, strengthen our knowledge on CTX transfer and kinetics along the food web.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel do Prado Leite
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná. Av. Beira-mar, s/n, Pontal do Paraná P.O. Box 61, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (I.d.P.L.); (M.-Y.D.B.)
| | - Khalil Sdiri
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, ECOSEAS, UMR7035, Parc Valrose, CEDEX 2, 06103 Nice, France;
| | - Angus Taylor
- Environment Laboratories, Department of Nuclear Science and Application, International Atomic Energy Agency, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (A.T.); (P.S.); (F.O.)
| | - Jérôme Viallon
- Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Institut Louis Malardé, UMR EIO (IFREMER, IRD, ILM, UPF), P.O. Box 30 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (J.V.); (H.T.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Hela Ben Gharbia
- MMS Laboratory (EA 2160), Sciences and Techniques Faculty, Le Mans University, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France;
| | - Luiz Laureno Mafra Júnior
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná. Av. Beira-mar, s/n, Pontal do Paraná P.O. Box 61, Brazil;
- Visiting Scientist Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Rue de I’lle d’Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France
| | - Peter Swarzenski
- Environment Laboratories, Department of Nuclear Science and Application, International Atomic Energy Agency, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (A.T.); (P.S.); (F.O.)
| | - François Oberhaensli
- Environment Laboratories, Department of Nuclear Science and Application, International Atomic Energy Agency, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (A.T.); (P.S.); (F.O.)
| | - Hélène Taiana Darius
- Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Institut Louis Malardé, UMR EIO (IFREMER, IRD, ILM, UPF), P.O. Box 30 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (J.V.); (H.T.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Mireille Chinain
- Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Institut Louis Malardé, UMR EIO (IFREMER, IRD, ILM, UPF), P.O. Box 30 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (J.V.); (H.T.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, ECOSEAS, UMR7035, Parc Valrose, CEDEX 2, 06103 Nice, France;
- Correspondence: (I.d.P.L.); (M.-Y.D.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Holmes MJ, Venables B, Lewis RJ. Critical Review and Conceptual and Quantitative Models for the Transfer and Depuration of Ciguatoxins in Fishes. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080515. [PMID: 34437386 PMCID: PMC8402393 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We review and develop conceptual models for the bio-transfer of ciguatoxins in food chains for Platypus Bay and the Great Barrier Reef on the east coast of Australia. Platypus Bay is unique in repeatedly producing ciguateric fishes in Australia, with ciguatoxins produced by benthic dinoflagellates (Gambierdiscus spp.) growing epiphytically on free-living, benthic macroalgae. The Gambierdiscus are consumed by invertebrates living within the macroalgae, which are preyed upon by small carnivorous fishes, which are then preyed upon by Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson). We hypothesise that Gambierdiscus and/or Fukuyoa species growing on turf algae are the main source of ciguatoxins entering marine food chains to cause ciguatera on the Great Barrier Reef. The abundance of surgeonfish that feed on turf algae may act as a feedback mechanism controlling the flow of ciguatoxins through this marine food chain. If this hypothesis is broadly applicable, then a reduction in herbivory from overharvesting of herbivores could lead to increases in ciguatera by concentrating ciguatoxins through the remaining, smaller population of herbivores. Modelling the dilution of ciguatoxins by somatic growth in Spanish mackerel and coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) revealed that growth could not significantly reduce the toxicity of fish flesh, except in young fast-growing fishes or legal-sized fishes contaminated with low levels of ciguatoxins. If Spanish mackerel along the east coast of Australia can depurate ciguatoxins, it is most likely with a half-life of ≤1-year. Our review and conceptual models can aid management and research of ciguatera in Australia, and globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Holmes
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane 4102, Australia;
| | | | - Richard J. Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li J, Ruan Y, Mak YL, Zhang X, Lam JCW, Leung KMY, Lam PKS. Occurrence and Trophodynamics of Marine Lipophilic Phycotoxins in a Subtropical Marine Food Web. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8829-8838. [PMID: 34142818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine lipophilic phycotoxins (MLPs) are produced by toxigenic microalgae and cause foodborne illnesses. However, there is little information on the trophic transfer potential of MLPs in marine food webs. In this study, various food web components including 17 species of mollusks, crustaceans, and fishes were collected for an analysis of 17 representative MLPs, including azaspiracids (AZAs), brevetoxins (BTXs), gymnodimine (GYM), spirolides (SPXs), okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxins (DTXs), pectenotoxins (PTXs), yessotoxins (YTXs), and ciguatoxins (CTXs). Among the 17 target MLPs, 12, namely, AZAs1-3, BTX3, GYM, SPX1, OA, DTXs1-2, PTX2, YTX, and the YTX derivative homoYTX, were detected, and the total MLP concentrations ranged from 0.316 to 20.3 ng g-1 wet weight (ww). The mean total MLP concentrations generally decreased as follows: mollusks (8.54 ng g-1, ww) > crustaceans (1.38 ng g-1, ww) > fishes (0.914 ng g-1, ww). OA, DTXs, and YTXs were the predominant MLPs accumulated in the studied biota. Trophic dilution of the total MLPs was observed with a trophic magnification factor of 0.109. The studied MLPs might not pose health risks to residents who consume contaminated seafood; however, their potential risks to the ecosystem can be a cause for concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yim Ling Mak
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR 518000, China
| | - James C W Lam
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR 518000, China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Office of the President, The Open University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR 518000, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gu J, Yan M, Leung PTY, Tian L, Lam VTT, Cheng SH, Lam PKS. Toxicity effects of hydrophilic algal lysates from Coolia tropicalis on marine medaka larvae (Oryzias melastigma). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 234:105787. [PMID: 33677168 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coolia tropicalis is a species of benthic and epiphytic toxic algae, which can produce phycotoxins that intoxicate marine fauna. In this study, the potential toxic effects of C. tropicalis on fish were investigated using larval marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) as a model to evaluate fish behavior, physiological performance, and stress-induced molecular responses to exposure to two sublethal concentrations (LC10 and LC20) of hydrophilic algal lysates. Exposure to C. tropicalis lysates inhibited swimming activity, activated spontaneous undirected locomotion, altered nerve length ration, and induced early development abnormalities, such as shorter eye diameter, body as well as axon length. Consistent with these abnormalities, changes in the expression of genes associated with apoptosis (CASPASE-3 and BCL-2), the inflammatory response (IL-1β and COX-2), oxidative stress (SOD), and energy metabolism (ACHE and VHA), were also observed. This study advances our understanding of the mechanisms of C. tropicalis toxicity in marine fish in the early life stages and contributes to future ecological risk assessments of toxic benthic dinoflagellates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
| | - Priscilla T Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
| | - Li Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Veronica T T Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sanchez-Henao A, García-Álvarez N, Padilla D, Ramos-Sosa M, Silva Sergent F, Fernández A, Estévez P, Gago-Martínez A, Diogène J, Real F. Accumulation of C-CTX1 in Muscle Tissue of Goldfish ( Carassius auratus) by Dietary Experience. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010242. [PMID: 33477985 PMCID: PMC7835822 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are produced by dinoflagellates usually present in tropical and subtropical waters. These toxins are bioaccumulated and transformed in fish causing ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) in humans. Few trials have been performed to understand how CTXs are incorporated into fish. This study developed an experimental model of goldfish (Carassius auratus) fed flesh contaminated with Caribbean ciguatoxin (C-CTX1). Fourteen goldfish were fed 0.014 ng CTX1B (Eq. g-1 of body weight) daily, and control goldfish received non-toxic flesh. CTX presence was determined by a cell-based assay on days 1, 8, 15, 29, 36, 43, and 84. Toxicity was detected in muscle from the second sampling and then seemed to stabilize at ~0.03 ng CTX1B Eq. g-1. After two weeks, all experimental goldfish developed lethargy and loss of brightness, but only two of them displayed erratic swimming and jerking movements near the sixth sampling. One of these fish had its toxic diet replaced by commercial food for 60 more days; the fish showed recovery signs within the first weeks and no CTX activity was detected. These results indicate that C-CTX1 could accumulate in goldfish muscle tissue and produce toxic symptoms, but also remarked on the detoxification and recovery capacity of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres Sanchez-Henao
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| | - Natalia García-Álvarez
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| | - Daniel Padilla
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| | - María Ramos-Sosa
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| | - Freddy Silva Sergent
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| | - Pablo Estévez
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Vigo, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana Gago-Martínez
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Vigo, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Jorge Diogène
- Marine and Continental Waters Environmental Monitoring, IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Fernando Real
- Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Epidemiology and Toxicology of Ciguatera Poisoning in the Colombian Caribbean. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100504. [PMID: 33019517 PMCID: PMC7601626 DOI: 10.3390/md18100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera is a food intoxication caused by the consumption of primarily coral fish; these species exist in large numbers in the seas that surround the Colombian territory. The underreported diagnosis of this clinical entity has been widely highlighted due to multiple factors, such as, among others, ignorance by the primary care practitioner consulted for this condition as well as clinical similarity to secondary gastroenteric symptoms and common food poisonings of bacterial, parasitic or viral etiology. Eventually, it was found that people affected by ciguatoxins had trips to coastal areas hours before the onset of symptoms. Thanks to multiple studies over the years, it has been possible to identify the relation between toxigenic dinoflagellates and seagrasses, as well as its incorporation into the food chain, starting by fish primarily inhabiting reef ecosystems and culminating in the intake of these by humans. Identifying the epidemiological link, its cardinal symptoms and affected systems, such as gastrointestinal, the peripheral nervous system and, fortunately with a low frequency, the cardiovascular system, leads to a purely clinical diagnostic impression without necessitating further complementary studies; in addition, what would also help fight ciguatera poisoning is performing an adequate treatment of the symptoms right from the start, without underestimating or overlooking any associated complications.
Collapse
|
18
|
Li J, Mak YL, Chang YH, Xiao C, Chen YM, Shen J, Wang Q, Ruan Y, Lam PKS. Uptake and Depuration Kinetics of Pacific Ciguatoxins in Orange-Spotted Grouper ( Epinephelus coioides). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4475-4483. [PMID: 32142610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ciguatoxins (CTXs), produced by toxic benthic dinoflagellates, can bioaccumulate in marine organisms at higher trophic levels. The current study evaluated the uptake and depuration kinetics of some of the most potent CTXs, Pacific CTX-1, -2, and -3 (P-CTX-1, -2, and -3), in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) exposed to 1 ng P-CTXs g-1 fish daily. Over a 30 d exposure, P-CTX-1, -2, and -3 were consistently detected in various tissues of exposed fish, and the concentrations of the total P-CTXs in tissues generally ranked following the order of liver, intestine, gill, skin, brain, and muscle. Relatively higher uptake rates of P-CTX-1 in the groupers were observed compared with those of P-CTX-2 and -3. The depuration rate constants of P-CTX-1, -2, and -3 in different tissues were (0.996-16.5) × 10-2, (1.51-16.1) × 10-2, and (0.557-10.6) × 10-2 d-1, respectively. The accumulation efficiencies of P-CTX-1, -2, and -3 in whole groupers were 6.13%, 2.61%, and 1.15%, respectively. The increasing proportion of P-CTX-1 and the decreasing proportion of P-CTX-2 and -3 over the exposure phase suggest a likely biotransformation of P-CTX-2 and -3 to P-CTX-1, leading to higher levels of P-CTX-1 in fish and possibly a higher risk of CTXs in long-term exposed fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Yim Ling Mak
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Yu-Han Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chengui Xiao
- Food Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Shenzhen Customs, Key Laboratory of Detection Technology R & D on Food Safety, Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518045, China
| | - Yi-Min Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jincan Shen
- Food Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Shenzhen Customs, Key Laboratory of Detection Technology R & D on Food Safety, Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518045, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| |
Collapse
|