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Xu R, Liu S, Pan YF, Wu NN, Huang QY, Li HX, Lin L, Hou R, Xu XR, Cheng YY. Steroid metabolites as overlooked emerging contaminants: Insights from multimedia partitioning and source-sink simulation in an estuarine environment. J Hazard Mater 2024; 461:132673. [PMID: 37793261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroids have been attracting global attention given potential carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting effects, yet the environmental status of steroids, especially their metabolites, in estuarine environment remain largely unexplored. This study investigated 31 steroids and metabolites in suspended particulate matter (SPM), water phase and sediments of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) during the dry and wet seasons to elucidate their spatiotemporal patterning, partitioning behavior, and environmental fate. The results showed that natural steroids predominated in SPM and sediments while the metabolites predominated in water. The spatial distribution of steroids and metabolites varied seasonally, with hydrophobicity and environmental factors influencing phase partitioning in the estuary. Furthermore, a natural steroid, progesterone (P) could serve as a trustworthy chemical indicator to estimate the concentrations of steroids and metabolites in the PRE. Importantly, the mass budget of P was estimated using an improved multi-box mass balance model, revealing that outflow to the South China Sea was the primary sink of P in water (∼87%) and degradation was the primary sink of P in sediments (∼68%) of the PRE. Overall, this study offers insightful information about the distribution and environmental fate of steroids and metabolites in estuarine environment, with implications for future management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Yun-Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nian-Nian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Yuan-Yue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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2
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Cao Y, Lin H, Wang Q, Li J, Liu M, Zhang K, Xu S, Huang G, Ruan Y, Wu J, Leung KMY, Lam PKS. Significant riverine inputs of typical plastic additives-phthalate esters from the Pearl River Delta to the northern South China Sea. Sci Total Environ 2022; 849:157744. [PMID: 35926595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are representative additives used extensively in plastics. In this study, 15 PAEs were investigated at the eight riverine outlets of the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The total concentrations of Σ15PAEs, including both the dissolved and particulate phases, ranged from 562 to 1460 ng/L and 679 ng/L-2830 ng/L in the surface and bottom layers, respectively. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) dominated in the dissolved and suspended particulate matter (SPM) phases, respectively, accounting for >50 % and > 80 % of Σ15PAEs. Riverine input of wastewater from the PRD was possibly the primary source of the contamination. Higher levels of PAEs occurred at the eastern outlets than at the western ones. The dissolved and particulate PAEs varied seasonally, with significantly higher concentrations observed in the dry season than in the wet season. However, no significant differences of PAE levels in both phases were observed among low, medium, and high tides. The partitioning results demonstrated that SPM is important in the transportation of pollutants in estuaries, where more hydrophobic DEHP was predominantly transported by the SPM phase, while those more hydrophilic ones were regularly transported by the dissolved phase. The total annual flux of Σ15PAEs through the eight outlets to the SCS reached 1390 tons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Huiju Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; Department of Transportation and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao, Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR 999078, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, the City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Shaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Guangling Huang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, the City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jiaxue Wu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, the City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; Office of the President, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
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Li J, Ruan Y, Wu R, Cui Y, Shen J, Mak YL, Wang Q, Zhang K, Yan M, Wu J, Lam PKS. Occurrence, spatial distribution, and partitioning behavior of marine lipophilic phycotoxins in the Pearl River Estuary, South China. Environ Pollut 2022; 310:119875. [PMID: 35926733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, spatial distribution, and partitioning behavior of 17 marine lipophilic phycotoxins (MLPs) in surface and bottom seawater, particulate organic matter (POM), and surface sediment from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) were investigated to understand current contamination and the potential risks to marine ecosystems in this region. Nine MLPs were detected, including azaspiracid1-3, gymnodimine, okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin 1-2, pectenotoxin2 (PTX2), and homoyessotoxin, with Σ17MLP concentrations ranging 545-12,600 pg L-1 and 619-8,800 pg L-1 in surface and bottom seawater, respectively; 0-294 ng g-1 and 0.307-300 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) in surface and bottom POM, respectively; and 3.90-982 pg g-1 dw in surface sediment. Lower Σ17MLP levels in the seawater were found at the mouth of the PRE, and gradually increased with increasing distance offshore. According to the calculated partition coefficient, the affinity of MLPs for the aquatic environment components was as follows (from highest to lowest): POM > seawater > sediment. Overall, the distribution and migration of MLPs in the PRE may depend on partition coefficients, the organic carbon fraction, and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; Department of Transportation and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Rongben Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Yongsheng Cui
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Jincan Shen
- Food Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Shenzhen Customs, Key Laboratory of Detection Technology R & D on Food Safety, Shenzhen Academy of Inspection Quarantine, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Yim Ling Mak
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jiaxue Wu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; Office of the President, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, 30 Good Shepherd Street, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wu Z, Lin T, Hu L, Guo T, Guo Z. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment-porewater system from the East China Sea: Occurrence, partitioning, and diffusion. Environ Res 2022; 209:112755. [PMID: 35134381 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The distribution, partitioning behavior, and diffusion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within sediment-porewater system were determined in two cores obtained from the Min-Zhe coastal mud of the East China Sea (ECS). Depth profiles of apparently dissolved PAH levels exhibited greater variabilities, with their elevated levels at depth and a high abundance of two-to three-ring PAHs observed. These distribution and composition patterns were inconsistent with the corresponding sediment PAHs, indicating differences in controlling factors for PAHs present in the system. In addition to compound's hydrophobicity, low detection of heavier PAHs in porewater was possibly correlated with the sediment transport process, as indicated by a relatively high weathering ratio in southern Min-Zhe coastal mud. PAH sorption affinity to the collected core sediments exhibited a generally decreasing trend downcore, as expressed by sediment-porewater partition coefficients. This was consistent with the higher content of porewater PAHs in deep core sediment. The established sediment total organic carbon (TOC)-porewater partitioning profiles in cores were predicted with amorphous organic carbon (AOC)-, coal tar-, and TOC-based distribution models, suggesting a dominant nonlinear sorption of PAHs to AOC. Through activity determinations, PAH diffusion within porewater was elucidated, with significant upward and downward mass transfer for PAHs occurring in both cores. The upward diffusion in the core collected from northern Min-Zhe coastal mud was in significant association with sediment TOC. This suggests that sediment TOC (especially AOC)-desorption of lighter PAHs into porewater, and therefore the possibility of their participation in environmental cycling. Baseline toxicity potential and toxic unit calculations indicated a relatively low exposure risk for benthic organisms to porewater PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilan Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tian Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Limin Hu
- College of Marine Geosciences, Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Tianfeng Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Lei R, Liu W, Jia T, He Y, Deng J. Partitioning and potential sources of polychlorinated naphthalenes in water-sediment system from the Yangtze River Delta, China. Chemosphere 2022; 287:132265. [PMID: 34537458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spatial trends, partitioning behavior, and potential sources of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in water-sediment system from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) were investigated in this study. The total concentrations of 75 PCNs in water and sediment samples were 0.022-0.310 ng/L and 0.01-1.59 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The homolog patterns in the sediment and water samples were somewhat different. Di-to tetra-CNs made larger contributions in the sediment, while the mono-to tri-CNs were dominant homologs in the water. Overall, the low-chlorinated naphthalenes (mono-to tetra-CNs) were found to be the dominant homologs in the YRD water and sediment samples, and the homolog group contributions to the total PCNs concentrations decreased as the number of chlorine atoms increased. CN-5/7 and CN-24/14 were found at high concentrations in both the water and sediment. Partitioning and transfer of PCNs between water and sediment were assessed by calculating the partition coefficients and fugacity fractions. The partition coefficients showed that PCNs were not in equilibrium status in the water-sediment system, and hydrophobicity played an important role in PCNs partitioning. The fugacity fractions indicated that mono- to tri-CNs had stronger tendencies to escape from the sediment into the water, while the high-chlorinated naphthalenes close to equilibrium. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis indicated that industrial thermal processes and the use and disposal of products containing PCNs industrial products are sources of PCNs in the YRD water-sediment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Lei
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Tianqi Jia
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunchen He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinglin Deng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Ma Y, Wang P, Hua Z, Lu Y, Yang Y. Ship navigation disturbance alters multiphase distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids and increases their ecological risk in waterways. Sci Total Environ 2021; 793:148576. [PMID: 34175611 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a global persistent organic pollutant, perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have aroused great public concern. However, little is known regarding the effect of ship navigation disturbance on the transport and fate of PFAAs in inland waterways developed regions. In the present study, overlying water, pore water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment were collected from waterways (WWs), non-navigable channels (NCs), and ports (PTs) in Taihu Lake Basin. The results revealed that the total concentrations of PFAAs (ΣPFAAs) in WWs, NCs, and PTs varied considerably in different media. In overlying water, the mean ΣPFAAs in WWs were the highest, while those of NCs were relatively higher in the remaining three media. A comparison of PFAA distribution coefficients revealed that the values in NCs were generally higher than those of WWs and PTs, suggesting the critical role of ship navigation in PFAA transport. Furthermore, a structural equation model was applied to estimate direct and indirect effects of environmental factors on PFAA partitioning behavior. The results revealed that ship traffic volume (STV) exerted indirect effects on PFAA distribution between solid and dissolved phases by influencing dissolved oxygen, total suspended solid concentration, clay and sand contents, and median diameter. PFAAs were more readily to be released into overlying water from pore water than in sediment, and the ΣPFAAs carried per gram of SPM decreased with an increase in STV. Ecological risk assessment and Monte Carlo simulation results revealed that ship navigation could exert adverse effects on aquatic organisms, making the average probability of RQmix values to exceed corresponding risk values in WWs, which were 1.3-2-fold higher than in NCs. The present study provides crucial information for simulating the environmental behaviors of PFAAs under the influence of ship navigation and is significant for the integration of inland water transport development and aquatic environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Zulin Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Ying Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yundong Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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Ebrahimi F, Lewis AJ, Sales CM, Suri R, McKenzie ER. Linking PFAS partitioning behavior in sewage solids to the solid characteristics, solution chemistry, and treatment processes. Chemosphere 2021; 271:129530. [PMID: 33482527 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have gained increasing attention due to the potential health risks that they present. Secondary sludge and biosolids are known as notable PFAS emission routes to the environment. In this study, partitioning behavior of 14 PFAS were investigated across four secondary wastewater treatment types (activated sludge, trickling filter, biological nutrient removal, and rotating biological contactor; n = 10) and three sludge stabilization methods (composting, aerobic digestion, and anaerobic digestion; n = 6). Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate how PFAS sorption to secondary sludge and biosolid was affected by various treatment methods, solid properties, and solution chemistry parameters. Insignificant differences in compound-specific partitioning coefficients (Kd) were observed among the four secondary treatment methods. However, sludge stabilization resulted in significantly different partitioning behavior among biosolid samples, in which anaerobically digested biosolids generally had significantly higher Kd values compared to aerobically digested and composted biosolids (anaerobic digestion > aerobic digestion > composting). Multiple linear regression models were developed to explain analyte-specific Kd values across the biosolid samples and identified that solid-specific property significance was as follows: protein fraction > organic matter fraction > lipid fraction. Stabilization generally decreased the PFAS sorption capacity relative to the secondary sludge samples. Furthermore, PFAS Kd increased with elevated calcium concentrations and ionic strengths and decreased with increasing pH values in sludge and biosolid samples. These findings could inform the decision-making process to reduce the release of PFAS to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Ebrahimi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, 1947 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Asa J Lewis
- Department of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, 3100 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Christopher M Sales
- Department of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, 3100 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Rominder Suri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, 1947 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Erica R McKenzie
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, 1947 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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8
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Liu Y, He Y, Zhang J, Cai C, Breider F, Tao S, Liu W. Distribution, partitioning behavior, and ecological risk assessment of phthalate esters in sediment particle-pore water systems from the main stream of the Haihe River, Northern China. Sci Total Environ 2020; 745:141131. [PMID: 32738696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The distribution, partitioning behavior and risk assessment of phthalate esters (PAEs) in the surface sediment-pore water system of the Haihe River were investigated. The total cumulative concentrations of 21 PAE species (Σ21PAEs) in the surface sediment ranged from 45.9 to 1474.1 ng·g-1 dry weight (dw) and were from 17.9 to 2628.8 ng·mL-1 in the pore water. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) were the dominant components, and their sum accounted, on average, for 88.4% and 72.0% of Σ21PAEs in the surface sediment and pore water, respectively. The spatial distributions of Σ21PAEs in the surface sediment and pore water indicated that large amounts of the consumed products contained plasticizers in the urban and nearshore areas and increased the discharge of PAEs into the Haihe River. The river dam also affected PAEs distributions. The organic carbon normalized partitioning coefficient (logKOC) followed a sequence as dry season (2.47 ± 0.35 mL·g-1) > wet season (2.02 ± 0.45 mL·g-1) > normal season (1.98 ± 0.42 mL·g-1). The risk quotient (RQ) method was employed to assess the potential ecological risk from specific species. High ecological risks of DEHP to the sensitive algae, crustacean, and fish species along with high ecological risks of DIBP to sensitive fish species were found in the surface sediment and pore water for all sampling seasons. In addition, DBP in the surface sediment and pore water exhibited moderate and high ecological risks to sensitive aquatic species. The highest RQ values for PAEs were found in the surface sediment and pore water in suburban and urban areas, respectively, and indicated that anthropogenic activities may cause severe river pollution and high risk to the local aquatic ecosystem. CAPSULE: High levels and ecological risks from PAEs were found in the urban river, and the partitioning behaviors of PAEs between the surface sediment and pore water were not significantly affected by their hydrophobicity, especially for species with low KOW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yong He
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - JiaoDi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - ChuanYang Cai
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Florian Breider
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shu Tao
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - WenXin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Wang C, Shao N, Xu J, Zhang Z, Cai Z. Pollution emission characteristics, distribution of heavy metals, and particle morphologies in a hazardous waste incinerator processing phenolic waste. J Hazard Mater 2020; 388:121751. [PMID: 31796353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Secondary pollution emitted from hazardous waste incinerators (HWIs) can pose potential risks to the surrounding populations and environment. An investigation was conducted on pollutant emission status in a HWI combusting homogenized phenolic waste, woodchips, and electroplating sludge during the sampling period. Morphologies and elemental compositions of particles in flue gas and indoor air of the incinerator were characterized by TEM-EDS. Eight types of single particles were classified, as organic, soot, K-rich, S-rich, Na-rich, Fe-rich, mineral and fly ash particles. In the indoor air near the fly ash collector, organic and S-rich particles were the two most observed particles, taking 56 % and 30 %, respectively. While near the bottom ash collector, Fe-rich particles took approximately 30 %. Besides, the partitioning behavior of heavy metals in the incinerating process were investigated. Hg, Cd and Pb were mainly enriched in fly ash through evaporation, condensation, and adsorption; while Cr, Cu, Mn, and Ni were mostly remained in the bottom ash due to their low volatilities. This study provides information for regional air pollution source apportionment, but also helps understand the partitioning behavior of heavy metals for the secondary pollution control. Meanwhile, the visualized micro-compositions of indoor particles pave a way for occupational exposure risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, PR China
| | - Ningning Shao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Jiyun Xu
- China Everbright Greentech LTD, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Zuotai Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, PR China.
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10
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Zhang X, Lei L, Zhang H, Zhang S, Xing W, Wang J, Li H, Zhao Q, Xing B. Interactions of polymeric drug carriers with DDT reduce their combined cytotoxicity. Environ Pollut 2018; 241:701-709. [PMID: 29902753 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Attention has been paid to the environmental distribution and fate of nanomedicines. However, their effects on the toxicity of environmental pollutants are lack of knowledge. In this study, the negatively charged poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (L-lactide-co-glycolide) (mPEG-PLA) and positively charged polyethyleneimine-palmitate (PEI-PA) nanomicelles were synthesized and served as model drug carriers to study the interaction and combined toxicity with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). DDT exerted limited effect on the biointerfacial behavior of mPEG-PLA nanomicelles, whereas it significantly mitigated the attachment of PEI-PA nanomicelles on the model cell membrane as monitored by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The cytotoxicity of DDT towards NIH 3T3 cells was greatly decreased by either co-treatment or pre-treatment with the nanomicelles according to the results of real-time cell analysis (RTCA). The cell viability of NIH 3T3 exposed to DDT was increased up to 90% by the co-treatment with mPEG-PLA nanomicelles. Three possible reasons were proposed: (1) decreased amount of free DDT in the cell culture medium due to the partitioning of DDT into nanomicelles; (2) mitigated cellular uptake of nanomicelle-DDT complexes due to the complex agglomeration or electrostatic repulsion between complexes and cell membrane; (3) detoxification effect in the lysosome upon endocytosis of nanomicelle-DDT complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Weiwei Xing
- Liaoning Beifang Environmental Technology Co., LTD., Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Liaoning Beifang Environmental Technology Co., LTD., Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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11
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Oppermann S, Oppermann C, Böhm M, Kühl T, Imhof D, Kragl U. Quantification of amino acids and peptides in an ionic liquid based aqueous two-phase system by LC-MS analysis. AMB Express 2018; 8:66. [PMID: 29696483 PMCID: PMC5918145 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) occur by the mixture of two polymers or a polymer and an inorganic salt in water. It was shown that not only polymers but also ionic liquids in combination with inorganic cosmotrophic salts are able to build ATPS. Suitable for the formation of ionic liquid-based ATPS systems are hydrophilic water miscible ionic liquids. To understand the driving force for amino acid and peptide distribution in IL-ATPS at different pH values, the ionic liquid Ammoeng 110™ and K2HPO4 have been chosen as a test system. To quantify the concentration of amino acids and peptides in the different phases, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technologies were used. Therefore the peptides and amino acids have been processed with EZ:faast™-Kit from Phenomenex for an easy and reliable quantification method even in complex sample matrices. Partitioning is a surface-dependent phenomenon, investigations were focused on surface-related amino acid respectively peptide properties such as charge and hydrophobicity. Only a very low dependence between the amino acids or peptides hydrophobicity and the partition coefficient was found. Nevertheless, the presented results show that electrostatic respectively ionic interactions between the ionic liquid and the amino acids or peptides have a strong impact on their partitioning behavior.
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Wan Y, Wang S, Cao X, Cao Y, Zhang L, Wang H, Liu J. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in water and sediment from the coastal regions of Shandong peninsula, China. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:100. [PMID: 28185155 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have been observed in various environmental matrices globally in recent years. In this study, the levels, spatial distribution tendencies, and partitioning characteristics of the target 12 PFAAs were investigated in water and sediment from the coastal regions of Shandong peninsula in China, and two sediment core samples were also collected to study the vertical and historical variation of PFAAs. The ranges (means) of total PFAA concentrations were 23.69-148.48 ng/L (76.11 ng/L) in the water and 1.30-11.17 ng/g (5.93 ng/g) in the surface sediment, respectively. Among the target 12 PFAAs, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the dominant component in water, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA). PFOS, perfluoroundecanoic acid, and PFOA were the dominant components in sediment. For their spatial distribution, higher levels of PFAAs were found at the locations close to much developed cities. The PFAA concentrations showed an overall decreasing tendency with depth increase in the two sediment cores, which indicates that the extent of PFAAs pollution is aggravating trend in recent years. Results of the partition coefficient (K d ) show that the compounds with longer carbon chains (C ≥ 7) generally had higher K d values, which suggest that long-chain PFAAs are prone to be adsorbed by sediment. In addition, the Log K d of PFHxA, PFOA, and PFOS were significantly and positively correlated to the salinity of the water. The results of risk assessment suggest appreciable risk of PFAAs to the local ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826, China
| | - Shiliang Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826, China.
| | - Xuezhi Cao
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826, China
| | - Yuanxin Cao
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory on Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
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Yang Z, Chen Y, Sun Y, Liu L, Zhang Z, Ge X. The partitioning behavior of trace element and its distribution in the surrounding soil of a cement plant integrated utilization of hazardous wastes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:13943-13953. [PMID: 27040541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the trace elements partitioning behavior during cement manufacture process were systemically investigated as well as their distribution behaviors in the soil surrounding a cement plant using hazardous waste as raw materials. In addition to the experimental analysis, the thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were simultaneously conducted. The results demonstrate that in the industrial-scale cement manufacture process, the trace elements can be classified into three groups according to their releasing behaviors. Hg is recognized as a highly volatile element, which almost totally partitions into the vapor phase. Co, Cu, Mn, V, and Cr are considered to be non-volatile elements, which are largely incorporated into the clinker. Meanwhile, Cd, Ba, As, Ni, Pb, and Zn can be classified into semi-volatile elements, as they are trapped into clinker to various degrees. Furthermore, the trace elements emitted into the flue gas can be adsorbed onto the fine particles, transport and deposit in the soil, and it is clarified here that the soil around the cement plant is moderately polluted by Cd, slightly polluted by As, Cr, Ba, Zn, yet rarely influenced by Co, Mn, Ni, Cu, Hg, and V elements. It was also estimated that the addition of wastes can efficiently reduce the consumption of raw materials and energy. The deciphered results can thus provide important insights for estimating the environmental impacts of the cement plant on its surroundings by utilizing wastes as raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management and Department of Energy and Resource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management and Department of Energy and Resource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqi Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management and Department of Energy and Resource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management and Department of Energy and Resource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuotai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management and Department of Energy and Resource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China China.
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Jiangsu key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmosphere Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China China
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