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Du Y, Teng J, Zhao J, Ren J, Ma H, Zhang T, Xia B, Sun S, Wang Q. Effects of ocean acidification and polystyrene microplastics on the oysters Crassostrea gigas: An integrated biomarker and metabolomic approach. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 196:106434. [PMID: 38460223 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The adverse impacts of microplastics (MPs) or ocean acidification (OA) on mollusks have been widely reported, however, little is known about their combined effects on mollusks. The oysters Crassostrea gigas were exposed to two sizes of polystyrene MPs with 1 × 104 particles/L (small polystyrene MPs (SPS-MPs): 6 μm, large polystyrene MPs (LPS-MPs): 50-60 μm) at two pH levels (7.7 and 8.1) for 14 days. The antagonistic effects between MPs and OA on oysters were mainly observed. Single SPS-MPs exposure can induce CAT enzyme activity and LPO level in gills, while LPS-MPs exposure alone can increase PGK and PEPCK gene expression in digestive glands. Ocean acidification can increase clearance rate and inhibit antioxidant enzyme activity, whereas combined exposure of OA and SPS-MPs can affect the metabolomic profile of digestive glands. This study emphasized that the potential toxic effects of MPs under the scene of climate change should be concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Du
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Jia Teng
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Jingying Ren
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Hengyuan Ma
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209 16, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Bin Xia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Shan Sun
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
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Du Y, Zhao J, Teng J, Ren J, Shan E, Zhu X, Zhang W, Wang L, Hou C, Wang Q. Combined effects of salinity and polystyrene microplastics exposure on the Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas: Oxidative stress and energy metabolism. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115153. [PMID: 37327720 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution and salinity variation are two environmental stressors, but their combined effects on marine mollusks are rarely known. Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were exposed to 1 × 104 particles L-1 spherical polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) of different sizes (small polystyrene MPs (SPS-MPs): 6 μm, large polystyrene MPs (LPS-MPs): 50-60 μm) under three salinity levels (21, 26, and 31 psu) for 14 days. Results demonstrated that low salinity reduced PS-MPs uptake in oysters. Antagonistic interactions between PS-MPs and low salinity mainly occurred, and partial synergistic effects were mainly induced by SPS-MPs. SPS-MPs induced higher lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels than LPS-MPs. In digestive glands, low salinity decreased LPO levels and glycometabolism-related gene expression, which was related to salinity levels. Low salinity instead of MPs mainly affected metabolomics profiles of gills through energy metabolism and osmotic adjustment pathway. In conclusion, oysters can adapt to combined stressors through energy and antioxidative regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Du
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jia Teng
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jingying Ren
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Encui Shan
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Chaowei Hou
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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Anselmi S, Cavallo A, Del Rio L, Renzi M. Impact of global change on environmental hazards of different clays: A case study on Aliivibrio fischeri. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131806. [PMID: 37329594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The effects of global change in marine ecosystems are expected to lower pH from the current 8.1-7.5-7.0, which will have significant impacts on marine species. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the ecotoxicity of ten different natural clays change significantly in response to the acidification process and what factors are associated with the observed changes. In this study, the ecotoxicological response of a bacterium (Aliivibrio fischeri) was tested under current (pH= 8.1) and acidified (pH 7.5 and 7.0) conditions. The ecotoxicity detected in the solid phase test (SPT protocol) and in the contact water was affected by the pH, which increased the ecotoxicity from 2/10 clays (pH 8.10) to 7/10 clays (pH 7.00), also shifting the detected effects from low to high toxicity values. The analyses performed on the natural clays studied show that pH can affect the release of metals, metalloids and rare earths from the clays into the contact water phase, affecting the toxicity observed. This phenomenon depends on the type of clay and is closely related to its mineralogical composition. As consequence, in a globally changing scenario, ecotoxicity, even of natural materials such as clay, cannot be considered stable, but must be accurately revaluated depending on the mineralogical and chemical composition of the clay. Moreover, the mineralogical composition of clays showed different efficiency in absorbing bacteria on the surface of clay particles. It was found that live bacterial cells were absorbed on the clay surface in numbers that were dependent on both clay types and pH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Anselmi
- Bioscience Research Center, via Aurelia Vecchia, 32, 58015 Orbetello, GR, Italy; CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio, 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavallo
- CERTEMA Scarl, S.P. del Cipressino km 10, 58044, Cinigiano, Italy
| | - Luca Del Rio
- CERTEMA Scarl, S.P. del Cipressino km 10, 58044, Cinigiano, Italy
| | - Monia Renzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Provenza F, Pastorino P, Anselmi S, Persiano ML, Scirocco T, De Rinaldis G, Fossi MC, Panti C, Renzi M, Specchiulli A. Chemical pollution and ecotoxicological effects of high-density polyethylene microplastics in Mytilus galloprovincialis from two Italian lagoon ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104075. [PMID: 36736514 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transitional water ecosystems have low water exchanges and can trap chemicals and microplastics (MPs). In this study, MPs, trace elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-PHAs levels and the oxidative stress response were assessed in Mytilus galloprovincialis from two Italian lagoon ecosystems (Orbetello and Varano). In addition, the ecotoxicological effects induced by the exposure of M. galloprovincialis to high-density polyethylene-HDPE MPs were also determined. Levels of trace elements were almost always comparable among the sites, whereas MPs were found only in mussels from Orbetello. PAHs were always under the limit of quantification. Glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in mussels from Varano. As regard the exposure test, it was found a significant effect of treatment, site and their interaction on mortality and biochemical biomarkers in both fed and unfed mussels. However, principal component analysis suggests similar effects of both color and nourishment condition on biochemical biomarkers. These findings warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Provenza
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Bioscience Research Center, 58015 Orbetello (GR), Italy
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy.
| | | | - Marco Leporatti Persiano
- Supporto tecnico-scientifico direttore dell'esecuzione sistema di gestione 2022 della laguna di Orbetello, 58015 Orbetello (GR), Italy
| | - Tommaso Scirocco
- National Research Council - Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), 71010 Lesina, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Monia Renzi
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; National Research Council - Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), 71010 Lesina, Italy
| | - Antonietta Specchiulli
- National Research Council - Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), 71010 Lesina, Italy
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Brehm J, Wilde MV, Reiche L, Leitner LC, Petran B, Meinhart M, Wieland S, Ritschar S, Schott M, Boos JP, Frei S, Kress H, Senker J, Greiner A, Fröhlich T, Laforsch C. In-depth characterization revealed polymer type and chemical content specific effects of microplastic on Dreissena bugensis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129351. [PMID: 35728319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic ecosystems, filter feeders like mussels are particularly vulnerable to microplastics (MP). However, little is known about how the polymer type and the associated properties (like additives or remaining monomers) of MP impact organisms, as the predominant type of MP used for effect studies on the organismic level are micron grade polystyrene spheres, without considering their chemical composition. Therefore, we exposed the freshwater mussel Dreissena bugensis (D. bugensis) to in-depth characterized fragments in the same concentration and size range (20-120 µm): recycled polyethylene terephthalate from drinking bottles, polyamide, polystyrene, polylactic acid, and mussel shell fragments as natural particle control. Real-time valvometry, used to study behavioral responses via the movement of the mussels' valves, showed that mussels cannot distinguish between natural and MP particles, and therefore do not cease their filtration, as when exposed to dissolved pollutants. This unintentional ingestion led to polymer type-dependent adverse effects (activity of antioxidant enzymes and proteomic alterations), related to chemicals and residual monomers found in MP. Overall, recycled PET elicited the strongest negative effects, likely caused by anthranilamide, anthranilonitrile and butylated hydroxytoluene, contained in the fragments, which are toxic to aquatic organisms. As PET is among the most abundant MP in the environment, sublethal effects may gradually manifest at the population level, leading to irreversible ecosystem changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Brehm
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Magdalena V Wilde
- LMU Munich, Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Feodor-Lynen Straße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Reiche
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Lisa-Cathrin Leitner
- University of Bayreuth, Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Benedict Petran
- University of Bayreuth, Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marcel Meinhart
- University of Bayreuth, Inorganic Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Simon Wieland
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; University of Bayreuth, Biological Physics, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sven Ritschar
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Schott
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jan-Pascal Boos
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Hydrology and Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sven Frei
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Hydrology and Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Holger Kress
- University of Bayreuth, Biological Physics, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Senker
- University of Bayreuth, Inorganic Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Greiner
- University of Bayreuth, Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- LMU Munich, Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Feodor-Lynen Straße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Laforsch
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Jong MC, Li J, Noor HM, He Y, Gin KYH. Impacts of size-fractionation on toxicity of marine microplastics: Enhanced integrated biomarker assessment in the tropical mussels, Perna viridis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155459. [PMID: 35472354 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of microplastics (MP) in oceanic waters is eroding the health of marine biota. We investigated how size-fractionated MP influence the toxicity risks towards a tropical keystone species, Perna viridis. Tissue-specific bioaccumulation and in vivo toxicity of polystyrene (PS) particles (0.5, 5, and 50 μm) were measured upon continuous exposure for 7 days, followed by 7 days depuration. P. viridis were exposed to equivalent mass (0.6 mg/L), corresponding to 4.0-4.6 particles/mL, 4.6-7.1 × 103 particles/mL, and 1.1-4.8 × 106 particles/mL for 50 μm, 5 μm and 0.5 μm PS particles, respectively. Onset toxicity were quantified through the enhanced integrated multi-biomarker response (EIBR) model, measured by weighting of biological organisation levels of eight biomarkers: (i) molecular (i.e., DNA damage (comet), 7-ethoxy resorufin O-deethylase (EROD), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)); (ii) cellular (i.e., Neutral red retention (NRR), phagocytosis); and (iii) physiological (i.e., filtration rate). Data showed slightly elevated lysosomal instability (NRR) and antioxidant defences (FRAP, SOD, CAT, EROD) in specimens exposed to nano-PS (0.5 μm) compared to micro-PS (5 and 50 μm). Immunotoxicity (phagocytosis) and genotoxicity (comet) for haemocyte cells were significantly higher in specimens exposed to nano-PS (p < 0.05). EIBR index corroborated increasing toxicity modulated by MP sizes in descending order: 0.5 μm > 5 μm > 50 μm, with nano-PS exerted significantly higher biological effects (EIBR = 19.77 ± 5.89) than the unexposed group (EIBR = 10.97 ± 2.02; p < 0.05). Symptomatic organismal depression was manifested by the depleting filtering proficiency and weakened defence against invasive Zymosan bioparticles in the phagocytosis assay. Although impaired mussels duly recovered during depuration, individuals affected by nano-PS showed immunocompetence deficiency and gill responses that were not readily reversible, which could potentially increase their vulnerability towards further environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mui-Choo Jong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Junnan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hairati Mohd Noor
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; E2S2-CREATE, NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore.
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A-07-03, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore; E2S2-CREATE, NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore.
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Phothakwanpracha J, Lirdwitayaprasit T, Pairohakul S. Effects of sizes and concentrations of different types of microplastics on bioaccumulation and lethality rate in the green mussel, Perna viridis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:112954. [PMID: 34536708 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) can be defined as small pieces of plastics that are less than five millimetres in diameter. MPs can be consumed and may be accumulated by filter-feeding organisms such as mussels. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the acute effects of different types, sizes and concentrations of artificially synthesized MPs on the mortality rate and MP accumulation of the green mussel Perna viridis. The samples were exposed to 66, 333, 666, and 1333 items/L of small MPs (<30 μm), medium MPs (30-300 μm), and large MPs (300-1000 μm) polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polybutylene succinate (PBS) for 96 h. MPs accumulation in the soft tissue of mussels and mortality effects from MPs ingestion were assessed. There was no mortality observed in the control group. Small PP particles can lead to more mortality than PS and PBS particles of the same size. However, medium- and large PS caused a higher mortality percentage than the same size particles of PP and PBS. Large PS, PP, and PBS showed higher mortality potential than other sizes. MPs largely accumulated in the soft tissues rather than in gill tissues following the 96-hour exposure period. Increased accumulation of the three types of MPs was accompanied by an increase in the percentage of mussel mortality. The study highlights how particle size and type are key factors in plastic particulate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Supanut Pairohakul
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
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8
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Lionetto F, Esposito Corcione C, Rizzo A, Maffezzoli A. Production and Characterization of Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3745. [PMID: 34771306 PMCID: PMC8587476 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution represents one of the biggest environmental problems that is further exacerbated by the continuous degradation in the marine environment of MPs to nanoplastics (NPs). The most diffuse plastics in oceans are commodity polymers, mainly thermoplastics widely used for packaging, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, the huge interest in the chemical vector role of micro/nanoplastics, their fate and negative effects on the environment and human health is still under discussion and the research is still sparse due also to the difficulties of sampling MPs and NPs from the environment or producing NPs in laboratory. Moreover, the research on MPs and NPs pollution relies on the availability of engineered nanoparticles similar to those present in the marine environment for toxicological, transport and adsorption studies in biological tissues as well as for wastewater remediation studies. This work aims to develop an easy, fast and scalable procedure for the production of representative model nanoplastics from PET pellets. The proposed method, based on a simple and economic milling process, has been optimized considering the peculiarities of the polymer. The results demonstrated the reliability of the method for preparing particle suspensions for aquatic microplastic research, with evident advantages compared to the present literature procedures, such as low cost, the absence of liquid nitrogen, the short production time, the high yield of the process, stability, reproducibility and polydisperse size distribution of the produced water dispersed nanometric PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lionetto
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.E.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Carola Esposito Corcione
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.E.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- CNR NANOTEC—Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Alfonso Maffezzoli
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.E.C.); (A.M.)
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9
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Agathokleous E, Iavicoli I, Barceló D, Calabrese EJ. Micro/nanoplastics effects on organisms: A review focusing on 'dose'. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126084. [PMID: 34229388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have become predominant contaminants, attracting much political and scientific attention. Despite the massively-increasing research on microplastics effects on organisms, the debate of whether environmental concentrations pose hazard and risk continues. This study critically reviews published literatures of microplastics effects on organisms within the context of "dose". It provides substantial evidence of the common occurrence of threshold and hormesis dose responses of numerous aquatic and terrestrial organisms to microplastics. This finding along with accumulated evidence indicating the capacity of organisms for recovery suggests that the linear-no-threshold model is biologically irrelevant and should not serve as a default model for assessing the microplastics risks. The published literature does not provide sufficient evidence supporting the general conclusion that environmental doses of microplastics cause adverse effects on individual organisms. Instead, doses that are smaller than the dose of toxicological threshold and more likely to occur in the environment may even induce positive effects, although the ecological implications of these responses remain unknown. This study also shows that low doses of microplastics can reduce whereas high doses can increase the negative effects of other pollutants. The mechanisms explaining these findings are discussed, providing a novel perspective for evaluating the risks of microplastics in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research, ICRA-CERCA, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Bajt O. From plastics to microplastics and organisms. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:954-966. [PMID: 33595903 PMCID: PMC8016121 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The amount of plastic waste and microplastics released into marine environments has increased rapidly in recent decades. The durability of plastic materials results in major problems following their release into the environment. This study provides an overview of recent findings on issues related to plastic degradation, the accumulation of microplastics in mussels and fishes, and the toxicological effects associated with the ingestion of microplastics. These findings confirm the serious problem of slowly degrading plastics (which rarely degrade fully) in natural marine environments. Microplastics have become widespread pollutants and have been detected in mussels and fish around the world. Microplastic particles, whether virgin or with adsorbed pollutants on their surfaces, pose a health problem after being ingested by marine organisms. This paper ends by highlighting the need for certain improvements in studies of these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bajt
- Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Piran, Slovenia.,Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
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