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Lu X, Yu X, Burkovsky I, Esaulov A, Li X, Jiang Y, Mazei Y. Community assembly and co-occurrence network complexity of interstitial microbial communities in the Arctic (investigation of ciliates in the White Sea intertidal zone). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114656. [PMID: 36731377 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Arctic coastal ecosystems play a major role in global environmental system and have been altered significantly by climate changes. To better understanding the response of marine coastal ecosystems towards rapid Arctic climate changes, we examined the variation in diversity and community structure and provided insights into the co-occurrence network and community assembly of interstitial ciliates in the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea from 2009 to 2019. Co-occurrence networks analysis indicated considerably high ration of positive correlations within a community that indicated low competition between interstitial ciliate species. Furthermore, we found that contribution of stochastic processes to the ciliate community assembly was insignificant. Compare with earlier data from the same ecosystem obtained in 1980s-1990s, the role of competitive factors is decreasing, and communities are becoming more spatially and temporally homogeneous. This community simplification is likely due to the response of the entire intertidal ecosystem to global climate change in Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Lu
- Department of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, 1 International University Park Road, Shenzhen 518172, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- College of Marine Life Science & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Igor Burkovsky
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskiye Gory, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Esaulov
- Department of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, 1 International University Park Road, Shenzhen 518172, PR China; Penza State University, Krasnaya street 40, 440026 Penza, Russia
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, 1 International University Park Road, Shenzhen 518172, PR China; Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskiye Gory, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yong Jiang
- College of Marine Life Science & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Yuri Mazei
- Department of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, 1 International University Park Road, Shenzhen 518172, PR China; Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskiye Gory, 119899 Moscow, Russia; A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Ave. 33, Moscow 117071, Russia
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Xu D, Kong H, Yang EJ, Wang Y, Li X, Sun P, Jiao N, Lee Y, Jung J, Cho KH. Spatial dynamics of active microeukaryotes along a latitudinal gradient: Diversity, assembly process, and co-occurrence relationships. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113234. [PMID: 35390306 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent global warming is profoundly and increasingly influencing the Arctic ecosystem. Understanding how microeukaryote communities respond to changes in the Arctic Ocean is crucial for understanding their roles in the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and elements. Between July 22 and August 19, 2016, during cruise ARA07, seawater samples were collected along a latitudinal transect extending from the East Sea of Korea to the central Arctic Ocean. Environmental RNA was extracted and the V4 hypervariable regions of the reverse transcribed SSU rRNA were amplified. The sequences generated by high throughput sequencing were clustered into zero-radius OTUs (ZOTUs), and the taxonomic identities of each ZOTU were assigned using SINTAX against the PR2 database. Thus, the diversity, community composition, and co-occurrence networks of size fractionated microeukaryotes were revealed. The present study found: 1) the alpha diversity of pico- and nano-sized microeukaryotes showed a latitudinal diversity gradient; 2) three distinct communities were identified, i.e., the Leg-A, Leg-B surface, and Leg-B subsurface chlorophyll a maximum (SCM) groups; 3) distinct network structure and composition were found in the three groups; and 4) water temperature was identified as the primary factor driving both the alpha and beta diversities of microeukaryotes. This study conducted a comprehensive and systematic survey of active microeukaryotes along a latitudinal gradient, elucidated the diversity, community composition, co-occurrence relationships, and community assembly processes among major microeukaryote assemblages, and will help shed more light on our understanding of the responses of microeukaryote communities to the changing Arctic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Hejun Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Eun-Jin Yang
- Division of Polar Ocean Science, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Youngju Lee
- Division of Polar Ocean Science, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Jung
- Division of Polar Ocean Science, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Cho
- Division of Polar Ocean Science, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
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Yu X, Li X, Liu Q, Yang M, Wang X, Guan Z, Yang J, Liu M, Yang EJ, Jiang Y. Community assembly and co-occurrence network complexity of pelagic ciliates in response to environmental heterogeneity affected by sea ice melting in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155695. [PMID: 35525347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the Southern Ocean, the living environment of organisms has changed due to the dramatic increase in melting sea ice and the loss of glaciers, which have consequently caused substantial changes in biodiversity. Samples of pelagic ciliates from 13 sites were collected as bioindicators to demonstrate the relationship between spatial distribution patterns and environmental heterogeneity affected by sea ice melting and to reveal the community assembly mechanisms in the Ross Sea. Univariate analyses and multivariate analyses were effective tools demonstrating clear spatial patterns and providing a sufficient explanation to interpret strong correlations between pelagic ciliate communities and environmental variations, especially the distribution pattern of nutrients and Chl a. Moreover, environmental heterogeneity might affect the co-occurrence network complexity of ciliate communities. Furthermore, our results also indicated that stochastic processes play a significant role in the community assembly of pelagic ciliates. This study examined the controlling mechanisms of environmental heterogeneity affected by sea ice melting on pelagic ciliate communities and provided explanations for the community assembly of pelagic ciliates in polar marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yu
- College of Marine Life Science & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xianrong Li
- College of Marine Life Science & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mengyao Yang
- College of Marine Life Science & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- College of Marine Life Science & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhenyu Guan
- College of Marine Life Science & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jinpeng Yang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Mingjian Liu
- College of Marine Life Science & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Eun Jin Yang
- Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute, 213-3 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Jiang
- College of Marine Life Science & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Gu B, Huang H, Zhang Y, Li R, Wang L, Wang Y, Sun J, Wang J, Zhang R, Jiao N, Xu D. High Dynamics of Ciliate Community Revealed via Short-Term, High-Frequency Sampling in a Subtropical Estuarine Ecosystem. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:797638. [PMID: 35197950 PMCID: PMC8858835 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.797638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliates are pivotal components of the marine microbial food web, exerting profound impacts on oceanic biogeochemical cycling. However, the temporal dynamics of ciliate assemblages on a short time scale in the highly fluctuating estuarine ecosystem remain largely unexplored. We studied changes in the ciliate community during a short time frame in the high salinity waters (>26) of a subtropical estuary. Ciliate abundance, biomass, size and oral diameter structure, and community composition fluctuated considerably and irregularly over a few days or even a few hours. Spearman correlations and the generalized linear model revealed that heterotrophic prokaryotes (HPs) and viral abundances drove the dynamics of ciliate abundance and biomass. The structural equation model further identified a major path from the high-fluorescence content virus (HFV) to HPs and then ciliates. Given the substantial correlation between salinity and HPs/HFV, we proposed that the response of HPs and HFV to salinity drives the dynamics of ciliate biomass. Additionally, the Mantel test showed that phytoplankton pigments such as Lutein and Neoxanthin, phosphate, and pigmented picoeukaryotes were key covariates of the ciliate community composition. This study demonstrated the highly changing patterns of ciliate assemblages and identified potential processes regulating ciliate biomass and community composition on short timescales in a subtropical, hydrographically complex estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hungchia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yizhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dapeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Dapeng Xu,
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Optimum Multiparameter Analysis of Water Mass Structure off Western Guangdong during Spring Monsoon Transition. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Water masses and their variability play vital roles in regulating ocean circulation, material exchanges and biogeochemical processes. However, there is still a lack of quantitative analysis of water mass distributions in coastal waters of the South China Sea. Here, two oceanographic cruise observations in April and May 2016 are used to quantify water mass distributions, pathways and mixture, and their intraseasonal variability off western Guangdong during the spring monsoon transition. Temperature and salinity observations qualitatively reveal that there are three types of water masses: the Pearl River diluted water (PRDW, salinity (S) = 22 psu, potential temperature (θ) = 25 °C), the South China Sea surface water (SCSSW, S = 34 psu, θ = 28 °C) and the South China Sea subsurface water mass (SCSSUW, S = 34.5 psu, θ = 17 °C). Their relative contributions and intraseasonal variability are quantified using the Optimum Multiparameter (OMP) method. The PRDW is largely confined to the upper 10 m layer in shallow nearshore waters (depths < 30 m), with a maximum contribution >90% near the Pearl River Estuary. The SCSSW mainly dominates the rest of the surface layer above 20 m, with a contribution >50% in offshore regions. The layer below 20 m is primarily composed of ~60% SCSSW and ~40% SCSSUW. A comparison between the two different observations suggests that the PRDW tends to expand southwestward and the SCSSUW spreads offshore, whereas the SCSSW moves landward and is situated underneath the surface fresh PRDW. These characteristics are very likely associated with the wind transition from weak southeasterly in April to strong northeasterly in May, which enhances the southwestward coastal current and the onshore surface Ekman transport from offshore waters.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The decrease of wild reserves and the sharp increase of market demand have led to resource substitution, but it is still not clear how to discover medicinal alternative resources. Here we reveal the biology of medicinal resource substitution in the case of Salvia. METHODS A hypothesis was put forward that phylogeny and ecology were the main factors which determined alternative species selection. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on chloroplast genomes. Spatial climatic pattern was assessed through three mathematical models. RESULTS Salvia miltiorrhiza and alternative species were mainly located in Clade 3 in topology, and their growth environment was clustered into an independent group 3 inferred from principal component analysis. Correlation and Maxent major climate factor analyses showed that the ecological variations within each lineage were significantly smaller than the overall divergent between any two lineages. Mantel test reconfirmed the inalienability between phylogeny and ecology (P = 0.002). Only the species that are genetically and ecologically related to S. miltiorrhiza can form a cluster with it. CONCLUSIONS Phylogenetic relationship and geographical climate work together to determine which species has the potential to be selected as substitutes. Other medicinal plants can learn from this biology towards developing alternative resources.
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Wang R, Bai Y, Hu T, Xu D, Suzuki T, Hu X. Integrative taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of three poorly known tintinnine ciliates, with the establishment of a new genus (Protista; Ciliophora; Oligotrichea). BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:115. [PMID: 34187356 PMCID: PMC8243829 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The taxonomic classification of the suborder Tintinnina Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, a species-rich group of planktonic ciliated protistans with a characteristic lorica, has long been ambiguous largely due to the lack of cytological and molecular data for most species. Tintinnopsis is the largest, most widespread, and most taxonomically complex genus within this group with about 170 species occurring in nearshore waters. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed that Tintinnopsis is polyphyletic. RESULTS Here we document the live morphology, infraciliature, gene sequences, and habitat characteristics of three poorly known tintinnine species, viz. Tintinnopsis karajacensis Brandt, 1896, Tintinnopsis gracilis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, and Tintinnopsis tocantinensis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, isolated from the coastal waters of China. Based on a unique cytological feature (i.e., an elongated ciliary tuft with densely arranged kinetids) in the former two species, Antetintinnopsis gen. nov. is erected with Antetintinnopsis hemispiralis (Yin, 1956) comb. nov. (original combination: Tintinnopsis hemispiralis Yin, 1956) designated as the type species. Moreover, A. karajacensis (Brandt, 1896) comb. nov. (original combination: Tintinnopsis karajacensis Brandt, 1896) and A. gracilis (Kofoid & Campbell, 1929) comb. nov. (original combination: Tintinnopsis gracilis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929) are placed in a highly supported clade that branches separately from Tintinnopsis clades in phylogenetic trees based on SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA sequence data, thus supporting the establishment of the new genus. One other species is assigned to Antetintinnopsis gen. nov., namely A. subacuta (Jörgensen, 1899) comb. nov. (original combination Tintinnopsis subacuta Jörgensen, 1899). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the phylogenetic analyses support the assertion that cytological characters are taxonomically informative for tintinnines. This study also contributes to the broadening of our understanding of the tintinnine biodiversity and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Fisheries, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1‑14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852‑8521, Japan
| | - Yang Bai
- College of Fisheries, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Dapeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Toshikazu Suzuki
- Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1‑14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852‑8521, Japan
| | - Xiaozhong Hu
- College of Fisheries, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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