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Tulcan RXS, Liu L, Lu X, Ge Z, Fernández Rojas DY, Mora Silva D. PAHs contamination in ports: Status, sources and risks. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134937. [PMID: 38889461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute important organic contaminants that have been degrading coastal ecosystems over the years. Evaluating PAH status in port ecosystems aligns with societal goals of maintaining clean habitats and sustainability. This comprehensive review systematically analyzed 123 articles, exploring the global distribution, sources, and ecological risks linked to PAH contamination in ports, focusing on water, sediment, and biota. The mean concentrations of 16 PAHs in water, sediment, and biota across worldwide ports were 175.63 ± 178.37 ng/L, 1592.65 ± 1836.5 μg/kg, and 268.47 ± 235.84 μg/kg, respectively. In line with PAH emissions and use in Asia, Asian ports had the highest PAH concentrations for water and biota, while African ports had the highest PAH concentrations for sediment. The temporal trend in PAH accumulation in sediments globally suggests stability. However, PAH concentrations in water and biota of global ports exhibit increasing trends, signaling aggravating PAH contamination within port aquatic ecosystems. Some ports exhibited elevated PAH levels, particularly in sediments with 4.5 %, 9.5 %, and 21 % of the ports categorized as very poor, poor, and moderate quality. Some PAH isomers exceeded guidelines, including the carcinogenic Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Coal, biomass, and petroleum combustion were major sources for PAHs. The structure of ports significantly influences the concentrations of PAHs. PAH concentrations in sediments of semi-enclosed ports were 3.5 times higher than those in open ports, while PAH concentrations in water and biota of semi-enclosed ports were lower than those in open ports. Finally, risk analyses conducted through Monte Carlo simulation indicated moderate to high risks to aquatic species, with probabilities of 74.8 % in water and 34.4 % in sediments of ports worldwide. This review underscores the imperative to delve deeper into the accumulation of PAHs and similar pollutants in ports for effective management and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Xavier Supe Tulcan
- Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Lianhua Liu
- Institute of environment and sustainable development in agriculture, Chinese academy of agricultural sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lu
- Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Zaiming Ge
- Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Denise Yeazul Fernández Rojas
- Institute of Engineering, National Autonomous University of Mexico, External Circuit, University City, Mayoralty Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Demmy Mora Silva
- YASUNI-SDC, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, El Coca 220001, Orellana, Ecuador
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Qian Y, Zheng H, Ouyang X, Lin Y, Cai M. Distinct anthropogenic signatures: A comparative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from two southeastern Chinese bays. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116489. [PMID: 38759463 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Sansha and Luoyuan Bay are influenced by different industrial structure, but the sources and pollution status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), especially alkylated PAHs, are poorly understood. We studied 25 PAHs in surface sediments from the two bays. The results showed that PAHs concentrations in Sansha and Luoyuan Bay sediment range from 6.54 to 479.28 ng/g and 118.82 to 2984.09 ng/g, respectively. Alkylated PAHs dominated in Sansha (48.86 % of Σ25PAHs), while 3-ring PAHs dominated in Luoyuan (36.32 % of ∑25PAHs). Results of sources analysis indicated oil spills as the main PAHs source in Sansha, and domestic emissions and fossil fuel combustion in Luoyuan. Ecological risk assessment of showed low sediment risk, but in Luoyuan was higher than in Sansha. Compared with Luoyuan Bay, Sansha Bay emits less industrial pollutants, so the pollution is lower than Luoyuan Bay. Increased attention to protecting Luoyuan Bay is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Membrane Research and Application, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Haowen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Xiamen Marine Vocational and Technical College, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Application Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xia Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Xiamen Marine Vocational and Technical College, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Application Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yan Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Membrane Research and Application, Xiamen 361024, China.
| | - Minggang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Xiamen Marine Vocational and Technical College, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Application Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Sheraz M, Han S, Lee KE, Yanilmaz M, Kwon M, Kim J, Sim J, Kim J. Innovative tarantula hair-inspired washing machine filters for enhanced microfiber capture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171807. [PMID: 38521254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are being polluted by microplastics primarily originating from the washing of synthetic textiles. Microfibers (MF), which are microplastics in synthetic fibers, are consistently introduced into the environment with each domestic laundry cycle. To address this issue, we developed a specialized MF capture "barbed filter" (BF) by transforming PET monofilaments of different diameters (0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mm) into structures that closely resemble the characteristics of tarantula urticating hairs. BFs feature sharp barbs that effectively capture and retain microfibers of diverse lengths, surpassing the performance of conventional control filters. The BFs had a retention efficiency of 88-91 %, while the CFs had an efficiency of 79-86 %. Our findings revealed that the barbed filter significantly outperformed the conventional control filter in capturing microfibers due to its smaller pore size, shorter pore distance, and unique filter shape. This design not only enhances the surface area and friction, facilitating microfibril strong entrapment but also minimizes the probability of microfibril passage through the filter. This research offers a promising solution for reducing microfibril release from laundry and textile industrial wastewater. The implementation of BFs in real life has the potential to significantly reduce microplastic pollution and promote a cleaner and more sustainable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshab Sheraz
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Seri Han
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Meltem Yanilmaz
- Department of Textile Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34467, Turkey
| | - Miyeon Kwon
- Material & Component Convergence Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan-si 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhea Kim
- Material & Component Convergence Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan-si 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo Sim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Juran Kim
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; HYU-KITECH Joint Department, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Chen R, Zhao X, Wu X, Wang J, Wang X, Liang W. Research progress on occurrence characteristics and source analysis of microfibers in the marine environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115834. [PMID: 38061148 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic microfiber pollution is a growing concern in the marine environment. However, critical issues associated with microfiber origins in marine environments have not been resolved. Herein, the potential sources of marine microfibers are systematically reviewed. The obtained results indicate that surface runoffs are primary contributors that transport land-based microfibers to oceans, and the breakdown of larger fiber plastic waste due to weathering processes is also a notable secondary source of marine microfibers. Additionally, there are three main approaches for marine microplastic source apportionment, namely, anthropogenic source classification, statistical analysis, and numerical simulations based on the Lagrangian particle tracking method. These methods establish the connections between characteristics, transport pathways and sources of microplastics, which provides new insights to further conduct microfiber source apportionment. This study helps to better understand sources analysis and transport pathways of microfibers into oceans and presents a scientific basis to further control microfiber pollution in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China.
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China
| | - Weigang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China
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Tasnim J, Ahmed MK, Hossain KB, Islam MS. Spatiotemporal distribution of microplastic debris in the surface beach sediment of the southeastern coast of Bangladesh. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21864. [PMID: 38058634 PMCID: PMC10695837 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study undertakes a spatiotemporal analysis of microplastic pollution in surface beach sediments, covering 7 coastal beaches in Bangladesh and two seasons-monsoon and winter. The concentration of microplastics extracted from the surface beach sediment is 242.86 particles/kg dw. The results showed both significant seasonal (p value = 0.001) and spatial (p value = 0.004) variation. The abundance and polymer types were significantly higher (57 %) in winter than in the monsoon season (43 %). Touristic and commercial beaches showed higher levels of microplastic pollution than the non-touristic beaches. Polyethylene (28.8 %) and Polypropylene (27.6 %) were the most abundant polymer. The most dominant coloration of microplastics was white (42.6 %). The majority of the microplastics were fibers (33.5 %). Smallest particles measuring <1 mm constituted nearly half of the total microplastics load (48.5 %). This baseline data can be useful in terms of coastal zone management for the southeastern coastal beaches of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarin Tasnim
- Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kawser Ahmed
- Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- International Centre for Ocean Governance (ICOG), Faculty of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Belayet Hossain
- Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Muhammad Saiful Islam
- Fiber and Polymer Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
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Microplastics (MPs) in marine food chains: Is it a food safety issue? ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 103:101-140. [PMID: 36863833 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The enormous usage of plastic over the last seven decades has resulted in a massive quantity of plastic waste, much of it eventually breaking down into microplastic (MP) and nano plastic (NP). The MPs and NPs are regarded as emerging pollutants of serious concern. Both MPs and NPs can have a primary or secondary origin. Their ubiquitous presence and ability to sorb, desorb, and leach chemicals have raised concern over their presence in the aquatic environment and, particularly, the marine food chain. MPs and NPs are also considered vectors for pollutant transfer along with the marine food chain, and people who consume seafood have began significant concerns about the toxicity of seafood. The exact consequences and risk of MP exposure to marine foods are largely unknown and should be a priority research area. Although several studies have documented an effective clearance mechanism by defecation, significant aspect has been less emphasized for MPs and NPs and their capability to translocate in organs and clearance is not well established. The technological limitations to study these ultra-fine MPs are another challenge to be addressed. Therefore, this chapter discusses the recent findings of MPs in different marine food chains, their translocation and accumulations potential, MPs as a critical vector for pollutant transfer, toxicology impact, cycling in the marine environment and seafood safety. Besides, the concerns and challenges that are overshadowed by findings for the significance of MPs were covered.
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