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Jiang L, Yang J, Yang H, Kong L, Ma H, Zhu Y, Zhao X, Yang T, Liu W. Advanced understanding of the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): Insights from total environment to intoxication. Toxicology 2024; 509:153959. [PMID: 39341352 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are brominated compounds connected by ester bonds between two benzene rings. There are 209 congeners of PBDEs, classified according to the number and position of the bromine atoms. Due to their low cost and superior flame retardant properties, PBDEs have been extensively used as flame retardants in electronic products, plastics, textiles, and other materials since the 1970s. PBDEs are classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention because of their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity to both humans and wildlife. Due to their extensive use and significant quantities, PBDEs have been detected across a range of environments and biological organisms. These compounds are known to cause damage to the metabolic system, exhibit neurotoxicity, and pose reproductive hazards. This review investigates the environmental distribution and human exposure pathways of PBDEs. Using China-a country with significant PBDE use-as an example, it highlights substantial regional and temporal variations in PBDE concentrations and notes that certain environmental levels may pose risks to human health. The article then examines the toxic effects and mechanisms of PBDEs on several major target organs, summarizing recent research and the specific mechanisms underlying these toxic effects from multiple toxicological perspectives. This review enhances our understanding of PBDEs' environmental distribution, exposure pathways, and toxic mechanisms, offering valuable insights for further research and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujiangshan Jiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Huajie Yang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Lingxu Kong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Haonan Ma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yapei Zhu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Tianyao Yang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China.
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Lozano-Hernández EA, Ramírez-Álvarez N, Rios Mendoza LM, Macías-Zamora JV, Mejía-Trejo A, Beas-Luna R, Hernández-Guzmán FA. Kelp forest food webs as hot spots for the accumulation of microplastic and polybrominated diphenyl ether pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119299. [PMID: 38824984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Kelp forests (KFs) are one of the most significant marine ecosystems in the planet. They serve as a refuge for a wide variety of marine species of ecological and economic importance. Additionally, they aid with carbon sequestration, safeguard the coastline, and maintain water quality. Microplastic (MP) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) concentrations were analyzed across trophic levels in KFs around Todos Santos Bay. Spatial variation patterns were compared at three sites in 2021 and temporal change at Todos Santos Island (TSI) in 2021 and 2022. We analyzed these MPs and PBDEs in water, primary producers (Macrocystis pyrifera), grazers (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus), predators (Semicossyphus pulcher), and kelp detritus. MPs were identified in all samples (11 synthetic and 1 semisynthetic polymer) and confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (μ-FTIR-ATR). The most abundant type of MP is polyester fibers. Statistically significant variations in MP concentration were found only in kelps, with the greatest average concentrations in medium-depth kelps from TSI in 2022 (0.73 ± 0.58 MP g-1 ww) and in the kelp detritus from TSI in 2021 (0.96 ± 0.64 MP g-1 ww). Similarly, PBDEs were found in all samples, with the largest concentration found in sea urchins from Punta San Miguel (0.93 ± 0.24 ng g-1 ww). The similarity of the polymers can indicate a trophic transfer of MPs. This study shows the extensive presence of MP and PBDE subtropical trophic web of a KF, but correlating these compounds in environmental samples is highly complex, influenced by numerous factors that could affect their presence and behavior. However, this suggests that there is a potential risk to the systems and the services that KFs offer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Antonio Lozano-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3917, Colonia Playitas, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico. C.P. 22860.
| | - Nancy Ramírez-Álvarez
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3917, Colonia Playitas, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico. C.P. 22860.
| | | | - José Vinicio Macías-Zamora
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3917, Colonia Playitas, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico. C.P. 22860.
| | - Adán Mejía-Trejo
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3917, Colonia Playitas, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico. C.P. 22860.
| | - Rodrigo Beas-Luna
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3917, Colonia Playitas, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico. C.P. 22860.
| | - Félix Augusto Hernández-Guzmán
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3917, Colonia Playitas, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico. C.P. 22860.
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Yang X, Huang L, Zhang L, Zhu L, Cheng Y, Wang C, Kang B, Zhao S, Yang Y. Distribution and biomagnification of Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in edible marine fish in the Beibu Gulf, China: Implication for seafood dietary risk. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116737. [PMID: 39053263 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are legacy additive brominated flame retardant. In present study, the distribution, biomagnification and potential human health risk associated with HBCDs were investigated in six edible marine fish species collected from three bays in the Beibu Gulf, China, between March and October 2021. The concentration of HBCDs ranged from 0.05 to 200 ng/g lipid weight (lw), with Scoliodon laticaudus and Trichiurus nanhaiensis having the highest and lowest concentration, respectively. The α-HBCD was dominant in most studied fish, expect for Scoliodon laticaudus. Dietary source was the primary factor for the diastereomeric profiles of HBCDs in fish. Only γ-HBCD demonstrated trophic magnification in the studied fish species. Finally, the estimated daily intake (EDI) was 0.18 ng/kg/day for adults, 0.17 ng/kg/day for teenager and children, and all corresponding margin of exposure (MOE) values were lager than 8 indicating relatively low human exposure risks from fish consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Liangliang Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, Guangxi 536009, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yanan Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Caiguang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Bin Kang
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Shuwen Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yiheng Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Fu J, Zhang H, Li R, Gao H, Jin S, Na G. Dynamic modeling of the occurrence, sources, and environmental behavior of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Zhelin Bay, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171294. [PMID: 38417503 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
This study analyzed polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Zhelin Bay, China, investigating their occurrence, sources, and environmental behavior. PBDE congeners were detected in all sampled media. The Σ13PBDE concentrations in the dissolved phase ranged from 1.04 to 41.40 ng/L, while the concentrations ranged in suspended particulate matter from 0.02 to 12.56 ng/L. In sediments, PBDE concentrations ranged from 1.41 to 8.57 ng/g. The higher proportion of PBDEs in the dissolved phase in the bay than in the estuary is attributable to the type of PBDE products used in the aquacultural process in Zhelin Bay. Moreover, correlation analysis between PBDE concentrations and environmental parameters showed that the primary factor influencing PBDE concentrations in Zhelin Bay sediments may shift from riverine inputs to aquaculture. Principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization revealed that PBDEs in the water of Zhelin Bay primarily originated from the degradation of octa-BDE, deca-BDE, and penta-BDE products employed in aquaculture. In contrast, the PBDEs in Zhelin Bay sediments mainly originated from riverine inputs. In addition, a level IV dynamic fugacity-based multimedia model was used to simulate the temporal variation of PBDE concentrations in Zhelin Bay. Modeled short-term trends showed a relatively swift transport of PBDE congeners in the water column to the atmosphere and sediments. Over the long term, sediment concentrations gradually decreased, in contrast to the less rapid declines observed in the atmosphere and water. Furthermore, this study revealed that the transport and transformation processes of PBDEs in the Zhelin Bay environment were considerably influenced by the diffusion coefficient in water, the water-side mass transfer coefficient at the water-sediment interface, the sediment resuspension rate, and the organic carbon-water partition coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Ruijing Li
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hui Gao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shuaichen Jin
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guangshui Na
- Laboratory for coastal marine eco-environment process and carbon sink of Hainan province/Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China.
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Ning K, Liu A, Zheng M, Li Y, Hu S, Wang L. Distribution characteristics and migration trends of hexabromocyclododecanes between seawater-sediment system in different seasons of fishing grounds along the Yellow sea and East China sea coasts. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 194:106314. [PMID: 38185000 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Pollutants in the ecological environment of fishery seawater are harmful to the survival and reproduction of aquatic organisms. Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) were 42.9% detected within ND-48.89 ng/L in 177 seawater samples and 30.7% within ND-1.07 ng/g dw in 88 sediment samples of the fisheries in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, respectively. γ-HBCD accounted for 65% of seawater and 89% of sediment samples. HBCDs in seawater in winter (ND-48.89 ng/L) were significantly higher than in summer (ND-4.99 ng/L), possibly because the re-suspension caused by winds and waves could re-migrate HBCDs from the sediment to the seawater in winter. However, seasonal differences of HBCDs in sediment were not significant. The fugacities indicated HBCDs' migrating trend from seawater to sediment due to their hydrophobic nature. There is almost no terrestrial input of HBCDs from the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, and currently used fishery materials in marine may compose long-lasting sources of HBCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ning
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Aifeng Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Minggang Zheng
- Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Yiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shanmin Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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