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Vadhan A, Gupta T, Hsu WL. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as a Treatment Option for Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9149. [PMID: 39273098 PMCID: PMC11395657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of pain and disability worldwide in elderly people. There is a critical need to develop novel therapeutic strategies that can effectively manage pain and disability to improve the quality of life for older people. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising cell-based therapy for age-related disorders due to their multilineage differentiation and strong paracrine effects. Notably, MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have gained significant attention because they can recapitulate MSCs into therapeutic benefits without causing any associated risks compared with direct cell transplantation. These exosomes help in the transport of bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can influence various cellular processes related to tissue repair, regeneration, and immune regulation. In this review, we have provided an overview of MSC-Exos as a considerable treatment option for osteoarthritis. This review will go over the underlying mechanisms by which MSC-Exos may alleviate the pathological hallmarks of OA, such as cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, and subchondral bone changes. Furthermore, we have summarized the current preclinical evidence and highlighted promising results from in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as progress in clinical trials using MSC-Exos to treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Vadhan
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Yunlin 632007, Taiwan
| | - Tanvi Gupta
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Li Hsu
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Yunlin 632007, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
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Inoue Y, Kumagai K, Ishikawa K, Kato I, Kusaba Y, Naka T, Nagashima K, Choe H, Ike H, Kobayashi N, Inaba Y. Increased Wnt5a/ROR2 signaling is associated with chondrogenesis in meniscal degeneration. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1880-1889. [PMID: 38440852 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between chondrogenic differentiation and Wnt signal expression in the degenerative process of the human meniscus. Menisci were obtained from patients with and without knee osteoarthritis (OA), and degeneration was histologically assessed using a grading system. Immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blot analysis were performed to examine the expressions of chondrogenic markers and of the components of Wnt signaling. Histological analyses showed that meniscal degeneration involved a transition from a fibroblastic to a chondrogenic phenotype with the upregulation of SOX9, collagen type II, collagen type XI, and aggrecan, which were associated with increased Wnt5a and ROR2 and decreased TCF7 expressions. OA menisci showed significantly higher expressions of Wnt5a and ROR2 and significantly lower expressions of AXIN2 and TCF7 than non-OA menisci on real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. These results potentially demonstrated that increased expression of Wnt5a/ROR2 signaling promoted chondrogenesis with decreased expression in downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This study provides insights into the role of Wnt signaling in the process of meniscal degeneration, shifting to a chondrogenic phenotype. The findings suggested that the increased expression of Wnt5a/ROR2 and decreased expression of the downstream target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling are associated with chondrogenesis in meniscal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken Kumagai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kimi Ishikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ikuma Kato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Youhei Kusaba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuma Naka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nagashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hyonmin Choe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ike
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inaba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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3
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Tophkhane SS, Fu K, Verheyen EM, Richman JM. Craniofacial studies in chicken embryos confirm the pathogenicity of human FZD2 variants associated with Robinow syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050584. [PMID: 38967226 PMCID: PMC11247504 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Robinow syndrome is a rare disease caused by variants of seven WNT pathway genes. Craniofacial features include widening of the nasal bridge and jaw hypoplasia. We used the chicken embryo to test whether two missense human FZD2 variants (1301G>T, p.Gly434Val; 425C>T, p.Pro142Lys) were sufficient to change frontonasal mass development. In vivo, the overexpression of retroviruses with wild-type or variant human FZD2 inhibited upper beak ossification. In primary cultures, wild-type and variant human FZD2 significantly inhibited chondrogenesis, with the 425C>T variant significantly decreasing activity of a SOX9 luciferase reporter compared to that for the wild type or 1301G>T. Both variants also increased nuclear shuttling of β-catenin (CTNNB1) and increased the expression of TWIST1, which are inhibitory to chondrogenesis. In canonical WNT luciferase assays using frontonasal mass cells, the variants had dominant-negative effects on wild-type FZD2. In non-canonical assays, the 425C>T variant failed to activate the reporter above control levels and was unresponsive to exogenous WNT5A. This is the first single amino acid change to selectively alter ligand binding in a FZD receptor. Therefore, FZD2 missense variants are pathogenic and could lead to the altered craniofacial morphogenesis seen in Robinow syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti S. Tophkhane
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Katherine Fu
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Esther M. Verheyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Joy M. Richman
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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4
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Li S, Wang R, Huang L, Jiang Y, Xing F, Duan W, Cen Y, Zhang Z, Xie H. Promotion of diced cartilage survival and regeneration with grafting of small intestinal submucosa loaded with urine-derived stem cells. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13542. [PMID: 37723928 PMCID: PMC10849789 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage absorption and calcification are prone to occur after the implantation of diced cartilage wrapped with autologous materials, as well as prolong the operation time, aggravate surgical trauma and postoperative pain during the acquisition process. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) has suitable toughness and excellent degradability, which has been widely used in the clinic. Urine-derived stem cells (USCs), as a new type of stem cells, have multi-directional differentiation potential. In this study, we attempt to create the tissue engineering membrane material, termed USCs-SIS (U-SIS), and wrap the diced cartilage with it, assuming that they can promote the survival and regeneration of cartilage. In this study, after co-culture with the SIS and U-SIS, the proliferation, migration and chondrogenesis ability of the auricular-derived chondrocyte cells (ACs) were significantly improved. Further, the expression levels of chondrocyte phenotype-related genes were up-regulated, whilst that of dedifferentiated genes was down-regulated. The signal pathway proteins (Wnt3a and Wnt5a) were also participated in regulation of chondrogenesis. In vivo, compared with perichondrium, the diced cartilage wrapped with the SIS and U-SIS attained higher survival rate, less calcification and absorption in both short and long terms. Particularly, USCs promoted chondrogenesis and modulated local immune responses via paracrine pathways. In conclusion, SIS have the potential to be a new choice of membrane material for diced cartilage graft. U-SIS can enhance survival and regeneration of diced cartilage as a bioactive membrane material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Medical Cosmetic Center, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yanlin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Weiqiang Duan
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huiqi Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Frontier Medical CenterTianfu Jincheng LaboratoryChengduSichuanChina
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An F, Meng X, Yuan L, Niu Y, Deng J, Li Z, Liu Y, Xia R, Liu S, Yan C. Network regulatory mechanism of ncRNA on the Wnt signaling pathway in osteoporosis. Cell Div 2023; 18:3. [PMID: 36879309 PMCID: PMC9990358 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-023-00086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a type of non-protein-coding RNA molecule transcribed from the genome which performs broad regulation of a variety of biological functions in human cells. The Wnt signaling pathway is highly conserved in multicellular organisms, playing an important role in their growth and development. Increasing evidence suggests that ncRNA can regulate cell biological function, enhance bone metabolism, and maintain normal bone homeostasis by interacting with the Wnt pathway. Studies have also demonstrated that the association of ncRNA with the Wnt pathway may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis, evaluation of prognosis, and treatment of osteoporosis. The interaction of ncRNA with Wnt also performs an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. Targeted therapy of the ncRNA/Wnt axis may ultimately be the preferred choice for the treatment of osteoporosis in the future. The current article reviews the mechanism of the ncRNA/Wnt axis in osteoporosis and reveals the relationship between ncRNA and Wnt, thereby exploring novel molecular targets for the treatment of osteoporosis and providing theoretical scientific guidance for its clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu An
- Teaching Experiment Training Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Lingqing Yuan
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yanqiang Niu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Deng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Ruoliu Xia
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Shiqing Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlu Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Roles of Local Soluble Factors in Maintaining the Growth Plate: An Update. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030534. [PMID: 36980807 PMCID: PMC10048135 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth plate is a cartilaginous tissue found at the ends of growing long bones, which contributes to the lengthening of bones during development. This unique structure contains at least three distinctive layers, including resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic chondrocyte zones, maintained by a complex regulatory network. Due to its soft tissue nature, the growth plate is the most susceptible tissue of the growing skeleton to injury in childhood. Although most growth plate damage in fractures can heal, some damage can result in growth arrest or disorder, impairing leg length and resulting in deformity. In this review, we re-visit previously established knowledge about the regulatory network that maintains the growth plate and integrate current research displaying the most recent progress. Next, we highlight local secretary factors, such as Wnt, Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), and dissect their roles and interactions in maintaining cell function and phenotype in different zones. Lastly, we discuss future research topics that can further our understanding of this unique tissue. Given the unmet need to engineer the growth plate, we also discuss the potential of creating particular patterns of soluble factors and generating them in vitro.
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7
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Shi G, Long Z, De la Vega RE, Behfar A, Moran SL, Evans C, Zhao C. Purified exosome product enhances chondrocyte survival and regeneration by modulating inflammation and promoting chondrogenesis. Regen Med 2023; 18:55-71. [PMID: 36255073 PMCID: PMC9732920 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was to detect the effects of purified exosome product (PEP) on C28/I2 cells and chondrocytes derived from osteoarthritis patients. Materials & methods: Cell viability and apoptosis assays were used to detect the effect of PEP on cells. qRT-PCR and cell fluorescence assays were used to investigate the potential mechanism of PEP on cell chondrogenesis. Results: PEP was internalized by cells at a fast rate and enhanced cellular proliferation and migration while attenuating apoptosis. These findings reflect the fact that PEP can increase the expression of PCNA and reduce the expression of CASP3/7/9 and BAX. Conclusion: This study suggests an innovative strategy for chondrogenesis that could be applied to osteoarthritis repair in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guidong Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zeling Long
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | - Rodolfo E De la Vega
- Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
- Department cBITE, MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6221, The Netherlands
| | - Atta Behfar
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | - Steven L Moran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | - Christopher Evans
- Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | - Chunfeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
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Abu-Elmagd M, Assidi M, Alrefaei AF, Rebai A. Editorial: Advances in genomic and genetic tools, and their applications for understanding embryonic development and human diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1016400. [PMID: 36478744 PMCID: PMC9720382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1016400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant advances have been recently made in the development of the genetic and genomic platforms. This has greatly contributed to a better understanding of gene expression and regulation machinery. Consequently, this led to considerable progress in unraveling evidence of the genotype-phenotype correlation between normal/abnormal embryonic development and human disease complexity. For example, advanced genomic tools such as next-generation sequencing, and microarray-based CGH have substantially helped in the identification of gene and copy number variants associated with diseases as well as in the discovery of causal gene mutations. In addition, bioinformatic analysis tools of genome annotation and comparison have greatly aided in data analysis for the interpretation of the genetic variants at the individual level. This has unlocked potential possibilities for real advances toward new therapies in personalized medicine for the targeted treatment of human diseases. However, each of these genomic and bioinformatics tools has its limitations and hence further efforts are required to implement novel approaches to overcome these limitations. It could be possible that the use of more than one platform for genotype-phenotype deep analysis is an effective approach to disentangling the cause and treatment of the disease complexities. Our research topic aimed at deciphering these complexities by shedding some light on the recent applications of the basic and advanced genetic/genomic and bioinformatics approaches. These include studying gene-gene, protein-protein, and gene-environment interactions. We, in addition, aimed at a better understanding of the link between normal/abnormal embryonic development and the cause of human disease induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abu-Elmagd
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mourad Assidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed F. Alrefaei
- Department of Biology, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Rebai
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Norouzi-Barough L, Shirian S, Gorji A, Sadeghi M. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a cell-free therapy approach for the treatment of skin, bone, and cartilage defects. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:83-96. [PMID: 33563070 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.1887855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to collect the articles concerning mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes for regeneration of bone, cartilage and skin defects. METHOD Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for keywords "Exosome, MSC, Skin, Bone and Cartilage defects, Regenerative medicine, and extracellular vesicles. RESULTS MSC-derived exosomes can emulate the biological activity of MSCs by horizontal transfer of multiple functional molecules including mRNAs, miRNAs, proteins, and lipids to the local microenvironment and recipient cells, and subsequently mediate restoring homeostasis and tissue regeneration through various mechanisms. Compared to MSCs, MSC-derived exosomes reveal many advantages such as non-immunogenicity, easy access, easy preservation, and extreme stability under various conditions. CONCLUSION Hence, exosomes could be considered as an alternative strategy for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. In this paper, after describing the characteristics of exosomes, we will review the recent literature on the therapeutic potentials of MSC-derived exosomes in skin, bone, and cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Norouzi-Barough
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.,Shiraz Molecular Pathology Research Center, Dr Daneshbod Pathol Lab, Shiraz, Iran.,Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universitat Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Mohammadreza Sadeghi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine Faculty Advance Medicine of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Yang R, Li R, Huang Z, Zuo Y, Yue H, Wu H, Gu F, Wang F, He M, Bian Z. Mycn deficiency underlies the development of orofacial clefts in mice and humans. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:803-815. [PMID: 34590686 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is the most common subphenotype of non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) arising from genetic and/or environmental perturbations during embryonic development. We previously identified 2p24.2 as a risk locus associated with NSCL/P in the Chinese Han population, and MYCN is a candidate risk gene in this region. To understand the potential function of MYCN in craniofacial development, we generated Wnt1-Cre;Mycnflox/flox mice that exhibited cleft palate, microglossia, and micrognathia, resembling the Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) in humans. Further analyses indicated that the cleft palate was secondary to the delayed elevation of palatal shelves caused by micrognathia. The micrognathia resulted from impaired chondrogenic differentiation in Merkel's cartilage, which limited tongue development, leading to microglossia. In terms of mechanism, Mycn deficiency in cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) downregulated Sox9 expression by inhibiting Wnt5a in a CNCC-derived chondrogenic lineage in Merkel's cartilage. To investigate whether MYCN deficiency contributed to NSCL/P, we performed direct sequencing targeting all exons and exon-intron boundaries of MYCN in 104 multiplex families with mendelian NSCL/P and identified a novel pathogenic variant in MYCN. Taken together, our data indicate that ablation of Mycn in mouse CNCCs could resemble PRS by suppressing the Wnt5a-Sox9 signaling pathway in Merkel's cartilage and that mutations in MYCN may be novel potential causes of NSCL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihuan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Ruyi Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Zhuo Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Yining Zuo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Haitang Yue
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Hailin Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Fan Gu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Fei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Miao He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Zhuan Bian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
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11
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Qiao K, Chen Q, Cao Y, Li J, Xu G, Liu J, Cui X, Tian K, Zhang W. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Articular Cartilage Lesions and Degenerative Joint Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:698614. [PMID: 34422779 PMCID: PMC8371972 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.698614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two leading contributors to the global disability are cartilage lesions and degenerative joint diseases, which are characterized by the progressive cartilage destruction. Current clinical treatments often fail due to variable outcomes and an unsatisfactory long-term repair. Cell-based therapies were once considered as an effective solution because of their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppression characteristics as well as their differentiation capacity to regenerate the damaged tissue. However, stem cell-based therapies have inherent limitations, such as a high tumorigenicity risk, a low retention, and an engraftment rate, as well as strict regulatory requirements, which result in an underwhelming therapeutic effect. Therefore, the non-stem cell-based therapy has gained its popularity in recent years. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), in particular, like the paracrine factors secreted by stem cells, have been proven to play a role in mediating the biological functions of target cells, and can achieve the therapeutic effect similar to stem cells in cartilage tissue engineering. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the therapeutic role of EVs in cartilage lesions and degenerative joint diseases can be discussed both in terms of time and favorability. In this review, we summarized the physiological environment of a joint and its pathological alteration after trauma and consequent changes in EVs, which are lacking in the current literature studies. In addition, we covered the potential working mechanism of EVs in the repair of the cartilage and the joint and also discussed the potential therapeutic applications of EVs in future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qiao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiguo Cao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gang Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaqing Liu
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kang Tian
- First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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12
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Shao LT, Gou Y, Fang JK, Hu YP, Lian QQ, Yang Z, Zhang YY, Wang YD, Tian FM, Zhang L. The Protective Effects of Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) on Cartilage and Subchondral Bone Through Down-Regulating JAK2/STAT3 and WNT5A/ROR2 in a Collagenase-Induced Osteoarthritis Mouse Model. Orthop Surg 2021; 13:1662-1672. [PMID: 34105258 PMCID: PMC8313171 DOI: 10.1111/os.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of PTH (1-34) on bone and cartilage metabolism in a collagenase-induced mouse model of osteoarthritis (OA) and examine whether PTH (1-34) affects the expression of JAK2/STAT3 and WNT5A/ROR2 in this process. METHODS Eighteen 12-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice were randomly assigned into three groups as follows: sham group (Group A), the collagenase + saline injection group (Group B), and the collagenase + PTH (1-34) treatment group (Group C). Collagenase was injected (intra-articular) into the knee joint of Group B and C. The PTH (1-34)-treatment was started at 6 weeks after the operation and lasted for 6 weeks. Cartilage pathology was evaluated by gross visual, histological, and immunohistochemical assessments. Subchondral bone was evaluated by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS The OARSI macroscopic and microscopic scores of Group B were higher than those of Group A (P = 0.026; P = 0.002, respectively). Group C showed statistically significant differences in macroscopic and microscopic scores from Group B (P = 0.041; P = 0.008, respectively). The results showed that the Col-II and AGG expression levels in the cartilage tissue were significantly lower in Group B than Group A (P < 0.001; P = 0.008, respectively). The Col-II and AGG expression levels were significantly higher in Group C than Group B (P = 0.009; P = 0.014, respectively). MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, Caspase-3, P53, and Bax expression levels were significantly higher in Group B than the Group A (P < 0.001; P < 0.001; P = 0.04; P < 0.001; P = 0.005, respectively); however, the cartilage tissue in Group C showed significantly less ADAMTS-4, MMP-13, Caspase-3, P53, and Bax expression than Group B (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.044; P = 0.002; P = 0.005, respectively). Over-expressed JAK2/STAT3 and WNT5A/ROR2 were observed in both cartilage and subchondral bone in this model; however, these changes were prevented by PTH (1-34) treatment. These parameters (bone mineral density, bone volume ratio, trabecular bone pattern factor, and structure model index) of micro-CT indicated subchondral bone loss and architecture changes in Group B, but improvements in these parameters in Group C. CONCLUSIONS PTH (1-34) exhibits protective effects on both cartilage and subchondral bone in a collagenase-induced OA mouse model, and it may be involved in down-regulating the expression of JAK2/STAT3 and WNT5A/ROR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tao Shao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yu Gou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-Kang Fang
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yun-Peng Hu
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Lian
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yu-Ying Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yu-Dan Wang
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Fa-Ming Tian
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Brink KS, Henríquez JI, Grieco TM, Martin del Campo JR, Fu K, Richman JM. Tooth Removal in the Leopard Gecko and the de novo Formation of Replacement Teeth. Front Physiol 2021; 12:576816. [PMID: 34012403 PMCID: PMC8126719 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.576816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many reptiles are able to continuously replace their teeth through life, an ability attributed to the existence of epithelial stem cells. Tooth replacement occurs in a spatially and temporally regulated manner, suggesting the involvement of diffusible factors, potentially over long distances. Here, we locally disrupted tooth replacement in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) and followed the recovery of the dentition. We looked at the effects on local patterning and functionally tested whether putative epithelial stem cells can give rise to multiple cell types in the enamel organs of new teeth. Second generation teeth with enamel and dentine were removed from adult geckos. The dental lamina was either left intact or disrupted in order to interfere with local patterning cues. The dentition began to reform by 1 month and was nearly recovered by 2-3 months as shown in μCT scans and eruption of teeth labeled with fluorescent markers. Microscopic analysis showed that the dental lamina was fully healed by 1 month. The deepest parts of the dental lamina retained odontogenic identity as shown by PITX2 staining. A pulse-chase was carried out to label cells that were stimulated to enter the cell cycle and then would carry BrdU forward into subsequent tooth generations. Initially we labeled 70-78% of PCNA cells with BrdU. After a 1-month chase, the percentage of BrdU + PCNA labeled cells in the dental lamina had dropped to 10%, consistent with the dilution of the label. There was also a population of single, BrdU-labeled cells present up to 2 months post surgery. These BrdU-labeled cells were almost entirely located in the dental lamina and were the likely progenitor/stem cells because they had not entered the cell cycle. In contrast fragmented BrdU was seen in the PCNA-positive, proliferating enamel organs. Homeostasis and recovery of the gecko dentition was therefore mediated by a stable population of epithelial stem cells in the dental lamina.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Joy M. Richman
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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14
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Khodabandehloo F, Aflatoonian R, Zandieh Z, Rajaei F, Sayahpour FA, Nassiri-Asl M, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Functional differences of Toll-like receptor 4 in osteogenesis, adipogenesis and chondrogenesis in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5138-5149. [PMID: 33939261 PMCID: PMC8178267 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are promising candidates for bone and cartilage regeneration. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed by hMSCs and is a receptor for both exogenous and endogenous danger signals. TLRs have been shown to possess functional differences based on the species (human or mouse) they are isolated from therefore, the effects of knockdown of TLR4 were evaluated in humans during the differentiation of MSCs into bone, fat and chondrocyte cells in vitro. We investigated the expression profile of TLR4 during the differentiation of hMSCs into three different lineages on days 7, 14 and 21 and assessed the differentiation potential of the cells in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, as an exogenous agonist) and fibronectin fragment III-1c (FnIII-1c, as an endogenous agonist). TLR4 expression increased following the induction of hMSC differentiation into all three lineages. Alkaline phosphatase activity revealed that FnIII-1c accelerated calcium deposition on day 7, whereas LPS increased calcium deposition on day 14. Chondrogenesis increased in the presence of LPS; however, FnIII-1c acted as a reducer in the late stage. TLR4 silencing led to decreased osteogenesis and increased adipogenesis. Furthermore, Wnt5a expression was inversely related to chondrogenesis during the late stage of differentiation. We suggest that understanding the functionality of TLR4 (in the presence of pathogen or stress signal) during the differentiation of hMSCs into three lineages would be useful for MSC-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zandieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Rajaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Forugh-Azam Sayahpour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Danescu A, Rens EG, Rehki J, Woo J, Akazawa T, Fu K, Edelstein-Keshet L, Richman JM. Symmetry and fluctuation of cell movements in neural crest-derived facial mesenchyme. Development 2021; 148:dev.193755. [PMID: 33757991 PMCID: PMC8126411 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the face, symmetry is established when bilateral streams of neural crest cells leave the neural tube at the same time, follow identical migration routes and then give rise to the facial prominences. However, developmental instability exists, particularly surrounding the steps of lip fusion. The causes of instability are unknown but inability to cope with developmental fluctuations are a likely cause of congenital malformations, such as non-syndromic orofacial clefts. Here, we tracked cell movements over time in the frontonasal mass, which forms the facial midline and participates in lip fusion, using live-cell imaging of chick embryos. Our mathematical examination of cell velocity vectors uncovered temporal fluctuations in several parameters, including order/disorder, symmetry/asymmetry and divergence/convergence. We found that treatment with a Rho GTPase inhibitor completely disrupted the temporal fluctuations in all measures and blocked morphogenesis. Thus, we discovered that genetic control of symmetry extends to mesenchymal cell movements and that these movements are of the type that could be perturbed in asymmetrical malformations, such as non-syndromic cleft lip. This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview. Highlighted Article: Live imaging of the chick embryo face followed by mathematical analysis of mesenchymal cell tracks captures novel fluctuations between states of order/disorder as well as symmetry/asymmetry, revealing developmental instabilities that are part of normal morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Danescu
- Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Elisabeth G Rens
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, 1986 Mathematics Road, Vancouver, V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Jaspreet Rehki
- Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Johnathan Woo
- Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Katherine Fu
- Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Leah Edelstein-Keshet
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, 1986 Mathematics Road, Vancouver, V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Joy M Richman
- Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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16
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Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Dahiya R, Dahiya S, Sudhakar K, Kumari U, Sathasivam K, Meenakshi DU, Wu YS, Sekar M, Malviya R, Singh A, Fuloria NK. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Regenerative Potential and Challenges. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:172. [PMID: 33668707 PMCID: PMC7996168 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that stem cells exert regenerative potential via the release of extracellular vesicles. Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles (MSCEVs) offer therapeutic benefits for various pathophysiological ailments by restoring tissues. Facts suggest that MSCEV action can be potentiated by modifying the mesenchymal stem cells culturing methodology and bioengineering EVs. Limited clinical trials of MSCEVs have questioned their superiority, culturing quality, production scale-up and isolation, and administration format. Translation of preclinically successful MSCEVs into a clinical platform requires paying attention to several critical matters, such as the production technique, quantification/characterization, pharmacokinetics/targeting/transfer to the target site, and the safety profile. Keeping these issues as a priority, the present review was designed to highlight the challenges in translating preclinical MSCEV research into clinical platforms and provide evidence for the regenerative potential of MSCEVs in various conditions of the liver, kidney, heart, nervous system, bone, muscle, cartilage, and other organs/tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur 42610, Malaysia; (V.S.); (Y.S.W.)
| | - Rajiv Dahiya
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago;
| | - Sunita Dahiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA;
| | - Kalvatala Sudhakar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (LIT-Pharmacy), Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India;
| | - Usha Kumari
- Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia;
| | | | | | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur 42610, Malaysia; (V.S.); (Y.S.W.)
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Malaysia;
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India; (R.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India; (R.M.); (A.S.)
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17
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Zhang K, Li Z, Lu Y, Xiang L, Sun J, Zhang H. Silencing of Vangl2 attenuates the inflammation promoted by Wnt5a via MAPK and NF-κB pathway in chondrocytes. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:136. [PMID: 33588909 PMCID: PMC7883434 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wnt planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is implicated in osteoarthritis (OA) both in animals and in humans. Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) is a key PCP protein that is required for the orientation and alignment of chondrocytes in the growth plate. However, its functional roles in OA still remain undefined. Here, we explored the effects of Vangl2 on OA chondrocyte in vitro and further elucidated the molecular mechanism of silencing Vangl2 in Wnt5a-overexpressing OA chondrocytes. METHODS Chondrocytes were treated with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) to simulate the inflammatory microenvironment of OA. The expression levels of Vangl2, Wnt5a, MMPs, and related proinflammatory cytokines were measured by RT-qPCR. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) of Vangl2 and the plasmid targeting Wnt5a were constructed and transfected into ATDC5 cells. Then, the functional roles of silencing Vangl2 in the OA chondrocytes were investigated by Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and immunocytochemistry (ICC). Transfected OA chondrocytes were subjected to Western blotting to analyze the relationship between Vangl2 and related signaling pathways. RESULTS IL-1β induced the production of Vangl2, Wnt5a, and MMPs in a time-dependent manner and the significantly increased expression of Vangl2. Vangl2 silencing effectively suppressed the expression of MMP3, MMP9, MMP13, and IL-6 at both gene and protein levels and upregulated the expression of type II collagen and aggrecan. Moreover, knockdown of Vangl2 inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPK signaling molecules (P38, ERK, and JNK) and P65 in Wnt5a-overexpressing OA chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we demonstrate that Vangl2 is involved in the OA process. Vangl2 silencing can notably alleviate OA progression in vitro by inhibiting the expression of MMPs and increasing the formation of the cartilage matrix and can inhibit the proinflammatory effects of Wnt5a via MAPK and NF-κB pathway. This study provides new insight into the mechanism of cartilage inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No.56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoying Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No.56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyang Lu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No.56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyi Xiang
- Department of Stomatology, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan (also called The Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan), The Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Jinan University, No.111 Humen Road, Humen Town, Dongguan City, 523905, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadong Sun
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No.56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No.56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Youssef El Baradie KB, Hamrick MW. Therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles for musculoskeletal repair & regeneration. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:99-114. [PMID: 32602385 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1781102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic musculoskeletal injuries are common in both the civilian and combat care settings. Significant barriers exist to repairing these injuries including fracture nonunion, muscle fibrosis, re-innervation, and compartment syndrome, as well as infection and inflammation. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, have attracted attention in the field of musculoskeletal regeneration. These vesicles are released by different cell types and play a vital role in cell communication by delivering functional cargoes such as proteins and RNAs. Many of these cargo molecules can be utilized for repair purposes in skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, sarcopenia, and fracture healing. There are, however, some challenges to overcome in order to advance the successful application of these vesicles in the therapeutic setting. These include large-scale production and isolation of exosomes, long-term storage, in vivo stability, and strategies for tissue-specific targeting and delivery. This paper reviews the general characteristics of exosomes along with their physiological roles and contribution to the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal diseases. We also highlight new findings on the use of synthetic exosomes to overcome the limitations of native exosomes in treating musculoskeletal injuries and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, GA, USA
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19
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Du JH, Lin SX, Wu XL, Yang SM, Cao LY, Zheng A, Wu JN, Jiang XQ. The Function of Wnt Ligands on Osteocyte and Bone Remodeling. J Dent Res 2020; 98:930-938. [PMID: 31282847 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519854704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is continually maintained by the process of bone remodeling throughout life. Recent studies have demonstrated that Wnt signaling pathways play a fundamental role in the process of bone homeostasis and remodeling. Intracellular Wnt signaling cascades are initially triggered by a Wnt ligand-receptor complex formation. In previous studies, the blocking of Wnt ligands from different osteoblastic differentiation stages could cause defective bone development at an early stage. Osteocytes, the most abundant and long-lived type of bone cell, are a crucial orchestrator of bone remodeling. However, the role of Wnt ligands on osteocyte and bone remodeling remains unclear. In our present study, we found that, besides osteoblasts, osteocytes also express multiple Wnt ligands in the bone environment. Then, we used a Dmp1-Cre mouse line, in which there is expression in a subset of osteoblasts but mainly osteocytes, to study the function of Wnt ligands on osteocyte and bone remodeling in vivo. Furthermore, we explored the role of Wnt ligands on osteocytic mineralization ability, as well as the regulatory function of osteocytes on the process of osteoblastic differentiation and osteoclastic migration and maturity in vitro. We concluded that Wnt proteins play an important regulatory role in 1) the process of perilacunar/canalicular remodeling, as mediated by osteocytes, and 2) the balance of osteogenesis and bone resorption at the bone surface, as mediated by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, at least partly through the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the OPG/RANKL signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Du
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,2 National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,3 Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China.,4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - S X Lin
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,2 National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,3 Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China.,4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,5 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - X L Wu
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,2 National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,3 Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China.,4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - S M Yang
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,2 National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,3 Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China.,4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - L Y Cao
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,2 National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,3 Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China.,4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - A Zheng
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,2 National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,3 Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China.,4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - J N Wu
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,2 National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,3 Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China.,4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - X Q Jiang
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,2 National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,3 Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China.,4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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20
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Kim YG, Choi J, Kim K. Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Derived Exosomes for Effective Cartilage Tissue Repair and Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e2000082. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Guk Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Dongguk University 30 Pildong‐ro 1‐gil Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering Chung‐Ang University 47 Heukseok‐ro Seoul 06911 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Dongguk University 30 Pildong‐ro 1‐gil Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea
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21
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Qi Y, Zhang W, Li G, Niu L, Zhang Y, Tang R, Feng G. An oriented-collagen scaffold including Wnt5a promotes osteochondral regeneration and cartilage interface integration in a rabbit model. FASEB J 2020; 34:11115-11132. [PMID: 32627881 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000280r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage regeneration remains a major challenge in orthopedics. Noncanonical Wnt5a is a particularly attractive growth factor in this context; Wnt5a inhibits chondrocyte hypertrophy but maintains chondrogenesis. We designed a novel, vertically oriented-collagen scaffold. The effect of Wnt5a on MSCs and chondrocytes and the therapeutic effects of the Wnt5a/oriented-collagen scaffold in terms of osteochondral repair and cartilage integration were evaluated. In vitro, the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of MSCs and chondrocytes treated with Wnt5a, and the mechanisms thereof, were assessed. mRNA microarray analysis was performed to compare the expression profiles of MSCs before and after Wnt5a treatment. In vivo, full-thickness cylindrical osteochondral defects (4 mm in diameter, 3 mm in depth) were created in the patellar grooves of 24 New Zealand white rabbits and implanted with oriented-collagen scaffolds (n = 8), Wnt5a/oriented-collagen scaffolds (n = 8), or nothing (n = 8). After 6 and 12 weeks, integration and tissue responses were evaluated. The proliferation, migration, chondrogenic differentiation, and extracellular matrix formation of/by MSCs and chondrocytes improved greatly after treatment with Wnt5a. Western blotting showed that the PI3K/AKT/JNK signaling pathway was activated. Microarray analysis revealed that the Wnt5a group exhibited a significant upregulation of the PI3K pathway. Reactome GSEA pathway interaction analysis revealed that such upregulation was associated with collagen and extracellular matrix formation. In vivo, the Wnt5a/oriented-collagen scaffold group exhibited optimal interface integration, cartilage regeneration, and collagenous fiber arrangement, accompanied by significantly increased glycosaminoglycan and collagen accumulations in the zones of regeneration and integration, compared to the other groups. Gene expression analysis showed that the levels of mRNAs encoding genes involved in cartilage formation were significantly increased in the Wnt5a/oriented, collagen scaffold group (all P < .05). Wnt5a promoted the proliferation, migration, and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and chondrocytes via the activation of the PI3K/AKT/JNK signaling pathway. The Wnt5a/oriented-collagen constructs enhanced the structure-specific regeneration of hyaline cartilage in a rabbit model and may be a promising treatment for the repair of human cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenkan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guoqi Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lie Niu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, People's Hospital of Dongping County, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ruofu Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Gang Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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22
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Tsiapalis D, O’Driscoll L. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications. Cells 2020; 9:E991. [PMID: 32316248 PMCID: PMC7226943 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being extensively investigated for their potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, recent evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of MSCs may be manifest by their released extracellular vesicles (EVs); typically not requiring the administration of MSCs. This evidence, predominantly from pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies, suggests that MSC-EVs may exhibit substantial therapeutic properties in many pathophysiological conditions, potentially restoring an extensive range of damaged or diseased tissues and organs. These benefits of MSC EVs are apparently found, regardless of the anatomical or body fluid origin of the MSCs (and include e.g., bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, urine, etc). Furthermore, early indications suggest that the favourable effects of MSC-EVs could be further enhanced by modifying the way in which the donor MSCs are cultured (for example, in hypoxic compared to normoxic conditions, in 3D compared to 2D culture formats) and/or if the EVs are subsequently bio-engineered (for example, loaded with specific cargo). So far, few human clinical trials of MSC-EVs have been conducted and questions remain unanswered on whether the heterogeneous population of EVs is beneficial or some specific sub-populations, how best we can culture and scale-up MSC-EV production and isolation for clinical utility, and in what format they should be administered. However, as reviewed here, there is now substantial evidence supporting the use of MSC-EVs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and further research to establish how best to exploit this approach for societal and economic benefit is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorraine O’Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
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23
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Volleman TNE, Schol J, Morita K, Sakai D, Watanabe M. Wnt3a and wnt5a as Potential Chondrogenic Stimulators for Nucleus Pulposus Cell Induction: A Comprehensive Review. Neurospine 2020; 17:19-35. [PMID: 32252152 PMCID: PMC7136098 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2040040.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain remains a highly prevalent pathology engendering a tremendous socioeconomic burden. Low back pain is generally associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, a process involving the deterioration of nucleus pulpous (NP) cells and IVD matrix. Scientific interest has directed efforts to restoring cell numbers as a strategy to enable IVD regeneration. Currently, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are being explored as cell therapy agents, due to their easy accessibility and differentiation potential. For enhancement of MSCs, growth factor supplementation is commonly applied to induce differentiation towards a chondrogenic (NP) cell phenotype. The wnt signaling pathways play a crucial role in chondrogenesis, nonetheless, literature appears to present controversies with regard to wnt3a and wnt5a for the induction of NP cells, chondrocytes, and MSCs. This review aims to summarize the reporting on wnt3a/wnt5a mediated NP cell differentiation, and to elucidate the mechanisms involved in wnt3a and wnt5a mediated chondrogenesis for potential application as cell therapy supplements for IVD regeneration. Our review suggests that wnt3a, subsequently replaced with a chondrogenic stimulating growth factor, can enhance the chondrogenic potential of MSCs in vitro. Contrariwise, wnt5a is suggested to play a role in maintaining cell potency of differentiated NP or chondrogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibo Nico Emmie Volleman
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jordy Schol
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kosuke Morita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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24
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Zhou Q, Cai Y, Jiang Y, Lin X. Exosomes in osteoarthritis and cartilage injury: advanced development and potential therapeutic strategies. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1811-1820. [PMID: 32398951 PMCID: PMC7211167 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.41637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage injury is a common clinical problem, which can lead to joint dysfunction, significant pain, and secondary osteoarthritis (OA) in which major surgical procedures are mandatory for treatment. Exosomes, as endosome-derived membrane-bound vesicles, participating in intercellular communications in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, have been attached great importance in many fields. Recently, the significance of exosomes in the development of OA has been gradually concerned, while the therapeutic value of exosomes in cartilage repair and OA treatment has also been gradually revealed. The functional difference of different types and derivations of exosomes are determined by their specific contents. Herein, we provide comprehensive understanding on exosome and OA, including how exosomes participating in OA, the therapeutic value of exosomes for cartilage injury/OA, and related bioengineering strategies for future therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfa Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic and Center for Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youzhi Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic and Center for Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.,Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangzi Jiang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Xiangjin Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic and Center for Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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25
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The dual character of exosomes in osteoarthritis: Antagonists and therapeutic agents. Acta Biomater 2020; 105:15-25. [PMID: 32006653 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes have gained increasing attention as they participate in cell cross-talk in pathological environments and are functional paracrine factors of therapeutic stem cells. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common age-related degenerative joint disease, leading to a debilitating lifestyle for sufferers. However, currently no drugs on the market promote cartilage repair, and the patients usually have to undergo arthroplasty in the late stage of OA. Although significant progress has been made in the development of stem cells for the treatment of OA and cartilage injury, problems like immune rejection remain. Recently, increasing evidence has demonstrated that exosomes from the joint microenvironment ("negative" exosomes) could play vital and complicated roles in the progression of OA. Moreover, exosomes from therapeutic cells ("therapeutic" exosomes) have also shown enormous potential for OA therapy/cartilage repair. Here, we first discuss the definition and biological background of exosomes. Then, we critically examine the roles of the "negative" exosomes in OA-affected joint. Then, we will cover the potential of the "therapeutic" exosomes for OA therapy/cartilage repair. Next, the recent progress of tissue engineering with exosomes, especially for OA therapy/cartilage repair, will also be discussed. Finally, the limitations and opportunities of exosome-based OA therapy will be outlined. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: As natural extracellular vesicles, exosomes participate in the intercellular communication. On the basis of biological characteristics of exosomes, exosomes have their two sides for osteoarthritis (OA). On the one hand, exosomes in the OA microenvironment are involved in pathology of OA. On the other hand, exosomes from therapeutic cells have the potential as advanced strategies for OA therapy. In addition, the development of tissue engineering technology is beneficial to the exosome-based OA therapy. According to the latest research status, exosomes are of great significance and interest for the personalized and precision treatment of OA in the future, despite the limitations and challenges.
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26
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Yang Z, Deng J, Li D, Sun T, Xia L, Xu W, Zeng L, Jiang H, Yang X. Analysis of Population Structure and Differentially Selected Regions in Guangxi Native Breeds by Restriction Site Associated with DNA Sequencing. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:379-386. [PMID: 31744899 PMCID: PMC6945025 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Guangxi indigenous chicken breeds play a very important role in promoting the high-quality development of the broiler industry in China. However, studies on genomic information of Guangxi indigenous chicken to date remain poorly explored. To decipher the population genetic structure and differentially selected regions (DSRs) in Guangxi indigenous chickens, we dug into numerous SNPs from seven Guangxi native chickens (GX) by employing the restriction site associated with DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) technology. Another three breeds, Cobb, White Leghorn, and Chahua (CH) chicken, were used as a control. After quality control, a total of 185,117 autosomal SNPs were kept for further analysis. The results showed a significant difference in population structure, and the control breeds were distinctly separate from the Guangxi native breeds, which was also strongly supported by the phylogenetic tree. Distribution of FST indicated that there were three SNPs with big genetic differentiation (FST value all reach to 0. 9427) in GX vs. CH group, which were located on chr1-96,859,720,chr4-86,139,601, and chr12-8,128,322, respectively. Besides, we identified 717 DSRs associated with 882 genes in GX vs. Cobb group, 769 DSRs with 476 genes in GX vs. Leghorn group, and 556 DSRs with 779 genes in GX vs. CH group. GO enrichment showed that there were two significant terms, namely GPI-linked ephrin receptor activity and BMP receptor binding, which were enriched in GX vs. Leghorn group. In conclusion, this study suggests that Guangxi native chickens have a great differentiation with Cobb and Leghorn. Our findings would be beneficial to fully evaluate the genomic information on Guangxi native chicken and facilitate the application of these resources in chicken breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuliang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China,
| | - Jixian Deng
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Science, Nanning, 530001, China, and
| | - Dongfeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Li Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Linghu Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Hesheng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiurong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China,
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27
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Wuelling M, Schneider S, Schröther VA, Waterkamp C, Hoffmann D, Vortkamp A. Wnt5a is a transcriptional target of Gli3 and Trps1 at the onset of chondrocyte hypertrophy. Dev Biol 2020; 457:104-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Differential Gene Expression in Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone of Neonatal and Adult Horses. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100745. [PMID: 31557843 PMCID: PMC6826356 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletogenesis is complex and incompletely understood. Derangement of this process likely underlies developmental skeletal pathologies. Examination of tissue-specific gene expression may help elucidate novel skeletal developmental pathways that could contribute to disease risk. Our aim was to identify and functionally annotate differentially expressed genes in equine neonatal and adult articular cartilage (AC) and subchondral bone (SCB). RNA was sequenced from healthy AC and SCB from the fetlock, hock, and stifle joints of 6 foals (≤4 weeks of age) and six adults (8–12 years of age). There was distinct clustering by age and tissue type. After differential expression analysis, functional annotation and pathway analysis were performed using PANTHER and Reactome. Approximately 1115 and 3574 genes were differentially expressed between age groups in AC and SCB, respectively, falling within dozens of overrepresented gene ontology terms and enriched pathways reflecting a state of growth, high metabolic activity, and tissue turnover in the foals. Enriched pathways were dominated by those related to extracellular matrix organization and turnover, and cell cycle and signal transduction. Additionally, we identified enriched pathways related to neural development and neurotransmission in AC and innate immunity in SCB. These represent novel potential mechanisms for disease that can be explored in future work.
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29
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Zhao L, Xiao E, He L, Duan D, He Y, Chen S, Zhang Y, Gan Y. Reducing macrophage numbers alleviates temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:521-536. [PMID: 31522279 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is a severe joint disease mainly caused by trauma that leads to a series of oral and maxillofacial function disorders and psychological problems. Our series of studies indicate that TMJ ankylosis development is similar to fracture healing and that severe trauma results in bony ankylosis instead of fibrous ankylosis. Macrophages are early infiltrating inflammatory cells in fracture and play a critical role in initiating fracture repair. We hypothesize that the large numbers of macrophages in the early phase of TMJ ankylosis trigger ankylosed bone mass formation and that the depletion of these macrophages in the early phase could inhibit the development of TMJ ankylosis. By analysing human TMJ ankylosis specimens, we found large numbers of infiltrated macrophages in the less-than-1-year ankylosis samples. A rabbit model of TMJ bony ankylosis was established and large numbers of infiltrated macrophages were found at 4 days post-operation. Local clodronate liposome (CLD-lip) injection, which depleted macrophages, alleviated the severity of ankylosis compared with local phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-loaded liposome (PBS-lip) injection (macrophage number, PBS-lips vs. CLD-lips: 626.03 ± 164.53 vs. 341.4 ± 108.88 n/mm2; ankylosis calcification score, PBS-lips vs. CLD-lips: 2.11 ± 0.78 vs. 0.78 ± 0.66). Histological results showed that the cartilage area was reduced in the CLD-lip-treated side (PBS-lips vs. CLD-lips: 6.82 ± 4.42% vs. 2.71 ± 2.78%) and that the Wnt signalling regulating cartilage formation was disrupted (Wnt5a expression decreased 60% and Wnt4 expression decreased 73%). Thus, our study showed that large numbers of macrophages infiltrated during the early phase of ankylosis and that reducing macrophage numbers alleviated ankylosis development by reducing cartilage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.,Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - E Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.,Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Linhai He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.,Peking University Hospital of Stomatology First Clinical Division, 37A Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Denghui Duan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.,Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.,Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.,Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yehua Gan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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30
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Gignac SJ, Hosseini-Farahabadi S, Akazawa T, Schuck NJ, Fu K, Richman JM. Robinow syndrome skeletal phenotypes caused by the WNT5AC83S variant are due to dominant interference with chondrogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:2395-2414. [PMID: 31032853 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous missense mutations in several genes in the WNT5A signaling pathway cause autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome 1 (DRS1). Our objective was to clarify the functional impact of a missense mutation in WNT5A on the skeleton, one of the main affected tissues in RS. We delivered avian replication competent retroviruses (RCAS) containing human wild-type WNT5A (wtWNT5A), WNT5AC83S variant or GFP/AlkPO4 control genes to the chicken embryo limb. Strikingly, WNT5AC83S consistently caused a delay in ossification and bones were more than 50% shorter and 200% wider than controls. In contrast, bone dimensions in wtWNT5A limbs were slightly affected (20% shorter, 25% wider) but ossification occurred on schedule. The dysmorphology of bones was established during cartilage differentiation. Instead of stereotypical stacking of chondrocytes, the WNT5AC83S-infected cartilage was composed of randomly oriented chondrocytes and that had diffuse, rather than concentrated Prickle staining, both signs of disrupted planar cell polarity (PCP) mechanisms. Biochemical assays revealed that C83S variant was able to activate the Jun N-terminal kinase-PCP pathway similar to wtWNT5A; however, the activity of the variant ligand was influenced by receptor availability. Unexpectedly, the C83S change caused a reduction in the amount of protein being synthesized and secreted, compared to wtWNT5A. Thus, in the chicken and human, RS phenotypes are produced from the C83S mutation, even though the variant protein is less abundant than wtWNT5A. We conclude the variant protein has dominant-negative effects on chondrogenesis leading to limb abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Gignac
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sara Hosseini-Farahabadi
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nathan J Schuck
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katherine Fu
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joy M Richman
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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31
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Manocha S, Farokhnia N, Khosropanah S, Bertol JW, Santiago J, Fakhouri WD. Systematic review of hormonal and genetic factors involved in the nonsyndromic disorders of the lower jaw. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:162-172. [PMID: 30576023 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular disorders are among the most common birth defects in humans, yet the etiological factors are largely unknown. Most of the neonates affected by mandibular abnormalities have a sequence of secondary anomalies, including airway obstruction and feeding problems, that reduce the quality of life. In the event of lacking corrective surgeries, patients with mandibular congenital disorders suffer from additional lifelong problems such as sleep apnea and temporomandibular disorders, among others. The goal of this systematic review is to gather evidence on hormonal and genetic factors that are involved in signaling pathways and interactions that are potentially associated with the nonsyndromic mandibular disorders. We found that members of FGF and BMP pathways, including FGF8/10, FGFR2/3, BMP2/4/7, BMPR1A, ACVR1, and ACVR2A/B, have a prominent number of gene-gene interactions among all identified genes in this review. Gene ontology of the 154 genes showed that the functional gene sets are involved in all aspects of cellular processes and organogenesis. Some of the genes identified by the genome-wide association studies of common mandibular disorders are involved in skeletal formation and growth retardation based on animal models, suggesting a potential direct role as genetic risk factors in the common complex jaw disorders. Developmental Dynamics 248:162-172, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Manocha
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Nadia Farokhnia
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sepideh Khosropanah
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles
| | - Jessica W Bertol
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Joel Santiago
- Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação (PRPPG), Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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32
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Pizzute T, He F, Zhang XB, Pei M. Impact of Wnt signals on human intervertebral disc cell regeneration. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:3196-3207. [PMID: 30035326 PMCID: PMC7261601 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although preconditioning strategies are growing areas of interest for therapies targeting intervertebral discs (IVDs), it is unknown whether the Wnt signals previously implicated in chondrogenesis, Wnt3A, Wnt5A, and Wnt11, play key roles in the promotion of human nucleus pulposus (NP) cell redifferentiation. In this study, NP cells isolated from herniated disc patients were transduced with lentiviral vectors to overexpress the WNT3A, WNT5A, or WNT11 genes, or CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9)/single-guide RNA (sgRNA) vectors to knock out these genes. Following expansion, transduced NP cells were induced for redifferentiation toward the NP phenotype. The overexpression of specific WNT factors led to increases in both glycosaminoglycan (GAG) deposition and expression of redifferentiation genes. These effects were attenuated by knockout of the same WNT genes. These results indicate that specific WNT signals can regulate the expression of redifferentiation genes, unequally impact GAG deposition, and contribute to the redifferentiation of human NP cells. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:3196-3207, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Pizzute
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA;,Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Fan He
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China;,Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA;,Co-Corresponding Author: Xiao-Bing Zhang PhD, Division of Regenerative Medicine MC 1528B, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA,
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA;,Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA;,WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA,Corresponding author: Ming Pei MD, PhD, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA, Telephone: 304-293-1072; Fax: 304-293-7070;
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He HL, Liu C, Li BX, Wang CQ, Li HT, Gu L. Estrogen-induced Tgfbr1 and Bmpr1a Expression Repressed via Estrogen Receptor Beta in MC3T3-E1 Cells. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:2558-2565. [PMID: 30381589 PMCID: PMC6213849 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.244117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen, as an important hormone in human physiological process, is closely related to bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of estrogen on osteoblasts metabolism in MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods We treated the MC3T3-E1 cells with different concentrations of β-estradiol (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 nmol/L), observed the morphological changes of the cells, and detected the cell's proliferation and apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells. Two transcriptome libraries were constructed and sequenced. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to confirm the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and then treated the MC3T3-E1 cells with estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitors α and β, respectively, and then examined the expression of Tgfbr1 and Bmpr1a genes. The promoter of Tgfbr1 and Bmpr1a gene was analyzed, and the ER response elements were identified. Finally, ChIP was used to verify the binding of ER to Tgfbr1 and Bmpr1a promoter. Results In the high-concentration β-estradiol treatment group (1 nmol/L and 10 nmol/L), there was no significant difference in the morphology of the cells under the microscope, 1 nmol/L and 10 nmol/L treated group appeared statistically significant difference in cell apoptosis and proliferation (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). We found 460 DEGs compared with the control group. Among the DEGs, there were 66 upregulated genes and 394 downregulated genes. Gene ontology classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that many bone metabolism-related biological processes and cell signaling pathways were disordered. The qRT-PCR verification showed that the expressions of Tgfbr1- and Bmpr1a-related genes in bone metabolism pathway in the 10 nmol/L treatment group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). ER β was involved in the inhibitory effect of Tgfbr1 and Bmpr1a genes. The bioinformatics of the promoter found that there were three ER response elements in the promoter of Tgfbr1, and there were two ER response elements in Bmpr1a promoter regions. ChIP experiments showed that estrogen could enhance the binding of ERs to Tgfbr1 and Bmpr1a genes. Conclusions Estrogen can promote the apoptosis and proliferation of osteoblasts simultaneously, and the mechanism may be the joint action of transforming growth factor-beta, Wnt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-kappaB bone metabolism-related signaling pathway. Estrogen inhibits the expression of Tgfbr1 and Bmpr1a genes through ER β and affects the metabolism of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Liang He
- Department of Orthopedics, Benq Medical Center of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Benq Medical Center of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Bing-Xue Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Benq Medical Center of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Chen-Qiu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Benq Medical Center of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Hai-Tao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Benq Medical Center of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Benq Medical Center of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
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Mao G, Zhang Z, Hu S, Zhang Z, Chang Z, Huang Z, Liao W, Kang Y. Exosomes derived from miR-92a-3p-overexpressing human mesenchymal stem cells enhance chondrogenesis and suppress cartilage degradation via targeting WNT5A. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:247. [PMID: 30257711 PMCID: PMC6158854 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background WNT5A is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of exosomal miR-92a-3p and WNT5A in chondrogenesis and cartilage degeneration. Methods Exosomal miR-92a-3p expression was assessed in vitro in a human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) model of chondrogenesis and in normal and OA primary human chondrocytes (PHCs). MSCs and PHCs were treated with exosomes derived from MSC-miR-92a-3p (MSC-miR-92a-3p-Exos) or its antisense inhibitor (MSC-anti-miR-92a-3p-Exos), respectively. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and luciferase reporter assay were used to reveal the molecular role of exosomal miR-92a-3p and WNT5A in chondrogenesis. The protective effect of exosomes in vivo was measured using Safranin-O and Fast Green staining and immunohistochemical staining. Results Exosomal miR-92a-3p expression was elevated in the MSC chondrogenic exosome, while it was significantly reduced in the OA chondrocyte-secreted exosome compared with normal cartilage. Treatment with MSC-miR-92a-3p-Exos promoted cartilage proliferation and matrix genes expression in MSCs and PHCs, respectively. In contrast, treatment with MSC-anti-miR-92a-3p-Exos repressed chondrogenic differentiation and reduced cartilage matrix synthesis by enhancing the expression of WNT5A. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-92a-3p suppressed the activity of a reporter construct containing the 3’-UTR and inhibited WNT5A expression in both MSCs and PHCs. MSC-miR-92a-3p-Exos inhibit cartilage degradation in the OA mice model. Conclusions Our results suggest that exosomal miR-92a-3p regulates cartilage development and homeostasis by directly targeting WNT5A. This indicates that exosomal miR-92a-3p may act as a Wnt inhibitor and exhibits potential as a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1004-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guping Mao
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ziji Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shu Hu
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zongkun Chang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weiming Liao
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, #58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Li Z, Zhang K, Li X, Pan H, Li S, Chen F, Zhang J, Zheng Z, Wang J, Liu H. Wnt5a suppresses inflammation-driven intervertebral disc degeneration via a TNF-α/NF-κB-Wnt5a negative-feedback loop. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:966-977. [PMID: 29656141 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to investigate the molecular role of Wnt5a on inflammation-driven intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). METHODS The expression of Wnt5a was analyzed in human nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues with immunohistochemical staining. The effects of Wnt5a on matrix production were assessed by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), promoter deletion assay, and promoter binding site mutant were used to reveal the molecular role of Wnt5a in TNF-α-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. The regulatory effects of TNF-α on Wnt5a were investigated with pharmachemical inhibitors and siRNA experiment. RESULTS The expression of Wnt5a was elevated in moderately degenerated human NP tissue with similar expression pattern of TNF-α. In NP cells, Wnt5a significantly increased aggrecan and collagen II expression. Inhibition of JNK or interfering Sox9 gene expression significantly suppressed Wnt5a-induced matrix production. AP-1(JunB) binding sites were located in Sox9 promoter and mutation of these sites sabotaged Wnt5a-induced Sox9 up-regulation and subsequent matrix genes expression. Notably, Wnt5a, which was induced by TNF-α, on the other way round suppressed TNF-α-NF-κB (p65) signaling and subsequent MMPs expression. In vivo studies with MR imaging confirmed the protective role of Wnt5a in IVDD. CONCLUSIONS Wnt5a, which can be induced by TNF-α, increased matrix production in a Sox9-dependent manner through the activation of JNK-AP1 (JunB) signaling, and antagonized TNF-α-induced up-regulation of MMPs through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling. It indicates that Wnt5a suppresses IVDD through a TNF-α/NF-κB-Wnt5a negative-feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - K Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - X Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - H Pan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - S Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - F Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Z Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - J Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - H Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Pizzute T, Li J, Zhang Y, Davis ME, Pei M. Fibroblast Growth Factor Ligand Dependent Proliferation and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Synovium-Derived Stem Cells and Concomitant Adaptation of Wnt/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signals. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 22:1036-46. [PMID: 27411850 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell expansion techniques commonly utilize exogenous factors to increase cell proliferation and create a larger cell population for use in cell-based therapies. One strategy for cartilage regenerative therapies is autologous stem cell expansion and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) supplementation during cell expansion, particularly FGF-2. However, it is unknown whether FGF-10, another FGF implicated in limb and skeletal development, can elicit the same rejuvenation responses in terms of proliferation and differentiation of human synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs). In this study, we expanded SDSCs in either FGF-2 or FGF-10 for 7 days; a control group had no treatment. FGF-2 and FGF-10 supplementation was also exclusively tested during the differentiation phase. Expanded SDSCs were evaluated for their ability to successfully engage in chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. We found that FGF-2 supplementation during proliferation, but not differentiation, was able to increase glycosaminoglycan deposition, pellet size, and chondrogenic gene expression following chondrogenic induction, as well as increased calcium deposition, alkaline phosphatase activity, and expression of vital osteogenic differentiation genes following osteogenic induction. FGF-10 did not elicit a similar preconditioning effect. We also observed changes of both Wnt signals and mitogen-activated protein kinase expression during SDSC chondrogenesis, which occurred in a manner dependent upon the supplementation phase of FGF-2 administration. These results indicated that FGF-2, but not FGF-10, may be supplemented during stem cell expansion to prime cells for successful chondrogenesis and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Pizzute
- 1 Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia.,2 Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jingting Li
- 1 Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia.,2 Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ying Zhang
- 1 Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia.,3 Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Mary E Davis
- 4 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ming Pei
- 1 Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia.,2 Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia.,3 Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
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Hosseini-Farahabadi S, Gignac S, Danescu A, Fu K, Richman J. Abnormal WNT5A Signaling Causes Mandibular Hypoplasia in Robinow Syndrome. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1265-1272. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034517716916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of rare genetic diseases provides valuable insights into human gene function. Here, we investigate dominant Robinow syndrome (RS), which affects the WNT5A signaling pathway. Autosomal dominant RS is caused by missense mutations in WNT5A or nonsense mutations in the adaptor protein DVL1 or DVL3. The recessive form of the disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the receptor ROR2. RS is characterized by hypertelorism, midface, and mandibular hypoplasia. Here, we focus on the missense mutations in WNT5A, since the impact on function is difficult to predict from in silico analysis. We used chicken embryo to express wild-type or 2 mutant versions of human WNT5A in the mandible and then examined the morphologic, cellular, and molecular effects. The 3 experimental viruses—wt WNT5A, WNT5AC83S, or WNT5AC182R—all caused shortening of the mandible on the injected side as compared with GFP controls. Although the phenotypes initially appeared similar, we uncovered specific disruption of chondrocyte polarity and shape, inhibition of cell migration, differences in target gene expression, and absence of JNK signaling only in the presence of mutant viruses. In addition, the missense mutations do not appear to block receptor binding, since in paracrine experiments, the mutant protein inhibits cell migration. In this study, we ruled out a straightforward gain or loss of function caused by the WNT5A missense mutations. Instead, the mutations are likely redirecting WNT signaling away from JNK-PCP toward other noncanonical pathways. We conclude that in RS, WNT5A missense mutations have dominant neomorphic effects that interfere with the function of the wild-type protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hosseini-Farahabadi
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S.J. Gignac
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A. Danescu
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K. Fu
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J.M. Richman
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Ahi EP. Signalling pathways in trophic skeletal development and morphogenesis: Insights from studies on teleost fish. Dev Biol 2016; 420:11-31. [PMID: 27713057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the development of the vertebrate feeding apparatus, a variety of complicated cellular and molecular processes participate in the formation and integration of individual skeletal elements. The molecular mechanisms regulating the formation of skeletal primordia and their development into specific morphological structures are tightly controlled by a set of interconnected signalling pathways. Some of these pathways, such as Bmp, Hedgehog, Notch and Wnt, are long known for their pivotal roles in craniofacial skeletogenesis. Studies addressing the functional details of their components and downstream targets, the mechanisms of their interactions with other signals as well as their potential roles in adaptive morphological divergence, are currently attracting considerable attention. An increasing number of signalling pathways that had previously been described in different biological contexts have been shown to be important in the regulation of jaw skeletal development and morphogenesis. In this review, I provide an overview of signalling pathways involved in trophic skeletogenesis emphasizing studies of the most species-rich group of vertebrates, the teleost fish, which through their evolutionary history have undergone repeated episodes of spectacular trophic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Perkins TN, Dentener MA, Stassen FR, Rohde GG, Mossman BT, Wouters EF, Reynaert NL. Alteration of canonical and non-canonical WNT-signaling by crystalline silica in human lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 301:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Nimmagadda S, Buchtová M, Fu K, Geetha-Loganathan P, Hosseini-Farahabadi S, Trachtenberg AJ, Kuo WP, Vesela I, Richman JM. Identification and functional analysis of novel facial patterning genes in the duplicated beak chicken embryo. Dev Biol 2015; 407:275-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
The tongue and mandible have common origins. They arise simultaneously from the mandibular arch and are coordinated in their development and growth, which is evident from several clinical conditions such as Pierre Robin sequence. Here, we review in detail the molecular networks controlling both mandible and tongue development. We also discuss their mechanical relationship and evolution as well as the potential for stem cell-based therapies for disorders affecting these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Parada
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Zhang Y, Li J, Davis ME, Pei M. Delineation of in vitro chondrogenesis of human synovial stem cells following preconditioning using decellularized matrix. Acta Biomater 2015; 20:39-50. [PMID: 25861949 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As a tissue-specific stem cell for chondrogenesis, synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) are a promising cell source for cartilage repair. However, a small biopsy can only provide a limited number of cells. Cell senescence from both in vitro expansion and donor age presents a big challenge for stem cell based cartilage regeneration. Here we found that expansion on decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) full of three-dimensional nanostructured fibers provided SDSCs with unique surface profiles, low elasticity but large volume as well as a fibroblast-like shape. dECM expanded SDSCs yielded larger pellets with intensive staining of type II collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans compared to those grown on plastic flasks while SDSCs grown in ECM yielded 28-day pellets with minimal matrix as evidenced by pellet size and chondrogenic marker staining, which was confirmed by both biochemical data and real-time PCR data. Our results also found lower levels of inflammatory genes in dECM expanded SDSCs that might be responsible for enhanced chondrogenic differentiation. Despite an increase in type X collagen in chondrogenically induced cells, dECM expanded cells had significantly lower potential for endochondral bone formation. Wnt and MAPK signals were actively involved in both expansion and chondrogenic induction of dECM expanded cells. Since young and healthy people can be potential donors for this matrix expansion system and decellularization can minimize immune concerns, human SDSCs expanded on this future commercially available dECM could be a potential cell source for autologous cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Jingting Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Mary E Davis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Wehland M, Aleshcheva G, Schulz H, Saar K, Hübner N, Hemmersbach R, Braun M, Ma X, Frett T, Warnke E, Riwaldt S, Pietsch J, Corydon TJ, Infanger M, Grimm D. Differential gene expression of human chondrocytes cultured under short-term altered gravity conditions during parabolic flight maneuvers. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:18. [PMID: 25889719 PMCID: PMC4369370 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chondrocytes are the main cellular component of articular cartilage. In healthy tissue, they are embedded in a strong but elastic extracelluar matrix providing resistance against mechanical forces and friction for the joints. Osteoarthritic cartilage, however, disrupted by heavy strain, has only very limited potential to heal. One future possibility to replace damaged cartilage might be the scaffold-free growth of chondrocytes in microgravity to form 3D aggregates. Results To prepare for this, we have conducted experiments during the 20th DLR parabolic flight campaign, where we fixed the cells after the first (1P) and the 31st parabola (31P). Furthermore, we subjected chondrocytes to isolated vibration and hypergravity conditions. Microarray and quantitative real time PCR analyses revealed that hypergravity regulated genes connected to cartilage integrity (BMP4, MMP3, MMP10, EDN1, WNT5A, BIRC3). Vibration was clearly detrimental to cartilage (upregulated inflammatory IL6 and IL8, downregulated growth factors EGF, VEGF, FGF17). The viability of the cells was not affected by the parabolic flight, but showed a significantly increased expression of anti-apoptotic genes after 31 parabolas. The IL-6 release of chondrocytes cultured under conditions of vibration was not changed, but hypergravity (1.8 g) induced a clear elevation of IL-6 protein in the supernatant compared with corresponding control samples. Conclusion Taken together, this study provided new insights into the growth behavior of chondrocytes under short-term microgravity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12964-015-0095-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Ganna Aleshcheva
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Herbert Schulz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13092, Berlin, Germany. .,University of Cologne, Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Katrin Saar
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13092, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13092, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ruth Hemmersbach
- DLR German Aerospace Center, Biomedical Research, Gravitational Biology, 51147, Köln, Germany.
| | - Markus Braun
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Gravitational Biology Group, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Timo Frett
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Biomedical Research, 51147, Köln, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Warnke
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Riwaldt
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Jessica Pietsch
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Juhl Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Geetha-Loganathan P, Nimmagadda S, Fu K, Richman JM. Avian facial morphogenesis is regulated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase/planar cell polarity (JNK/PCP) wingless-related (WNT) signaling. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24153-67. [PMID: 25008326 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.522003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Wingless-related proteins (WNTs) regulate extension of the central axis of the vertebrate embryo (convergent extension) as well as morphogenesis of organs such as limbs and kidneys. Here, we asked whether WNT signaling directs facial morphogenesis using a targeted approach in chicken embryos. WNT11 is thought to mainly act via β-catenin-independent pathways, and little is known about its role in craniofacial development. RCAS::WNT11 retrovirus was injected into the maxillary prominence, and the majority of embryos developed notches in the upper beak or the equivalent of cleft lip. Three-dimensional morphometric analysis revealed that WNT11 prevented lengthening of the maxillary prominence, which was due in part to decreased proliferation. We next determined, using a series of luciferase reporters, that WNT11 strongly induced JNK/planar cell polarity signaling while repressing the β-catenin-mediated pathway. The activation of the JNK-ATF2 reporter was mediated by the DEP domain of Dishevelled. The impacts of altered signaling on the mesenchyme were assessed by implanted Wnt11- or Wnt3a-expressing cells (activates β-catenin pathway) into the maxillary prominence or by knocking down endogenous WNT11 with RNAi. Host cells were attracted to Wnt11 donor cells. In contrast, cells exposed to Wnt3a or the control cells did not migrate. Cells in which endogenous WNT11 was knocked down were more oriented and shorter than those exposed to exogenous WNT11. The data suggest that JNK/planar cell polarity WNT signaling operates in the face to regulate several morphogenetic events leading to lip fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poongodi Geetha-Loganathan
- From the Department of Oral Health Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Suresh Nimmagadda
- From the Department of Oral Health Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Katherine Fu
- From the Department of Oral Health Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Joy M Richman
- From the Department of Oral Health Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Bougault C, Priam S, Houard X, Pigenet A, Sudre L, Lories RJ, Jacques C, Berenbaum F. Protective role of frizzled-related protein B on matrix metalloproteinase induction in mouse chondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R137. [PMID: 24984954 PMCID: PMC4226985 DOI: 10.1186/ar4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our objective was to investigate whether a lack of frizzled-related protein B (FrzB), an extracellular antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathways, could enhance cartilage degradation by facilitating the expression, release and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by chondrocytes in response to tissue-damaging stimuli. Methods Cartilage explants from FrzB−/− and wild-type mice were challenged by excessive dynamic compression (0.5 Hz and 1 MPa for 6 hours). Load-induced glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release and MMP enzymatic activity were assessed. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (10, 100 and 1000 pg/mL for 24 hours) was used to stimulate primary cultures of articular chondrocytes from FrzB−/− and wild-type mice. The expression and release of MMP-3 and −13 were determined by RT-PCR, western blot and ELISA. The accumulation of β-catenin was assessed by RT-PCR and western blot. Results Cartilage degradation, as revealed by a significant increase in GAG release (2.8-fold, P = 0.014) and MMP activity (4.5-fold, P = 0.014) by explants, was induced by an excessive load. Load-induced MMP activity appeared to be enhanced in FrzB−/− cartilage explants compared to wild-type (P = 0.17). IL-1β dose-dependently induced Mmp-13 and −3 gene expression and protein release by cultured chondrocytes. IL-1β-mediated increase in MMP-13 and −3 was slightly enhanced in FrzB−/− chondrocytes compared to wild-type (P = 0.05 and P = 0.10 at gene level, P = 0.17 and P = 0.10 at protein level, respectively). Analysis of Ctnn1b and Lef1 gene expression and β-catenin accumulation at protein level suggests that the enhanced catabolic response of FrzB−/− chondrocytes to IL-1β and load may be associated with an over-stimulation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions Our results suggest that FrzB may have a protective role on cartilage degradation and MMP induction in mouse chondrocytes by attenuating deleterious effects of the activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Peng X, Yang L, Chang H, Dai G, Wang F, Duan X, Guo L, Zhang Y, Chen G. Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells through the p53 pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97283. [PMID: 24819053 PMCID: PMC4018322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are found in articular cartilage from normal controls and patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of the proliferation and differentiation of these cells remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of MPCs. Methods MPCs were isolated from the articular cartilage of normal and OA patients. Cells were sorted by immunomagnetic cell separation. Cell proliferation capacity was evaluated using the MTT assay. Toluidine blue staining and immunostaining with anti-collagen II or anti-aggrecan antibodies were used to determine the chondrogenic differentiation capabilities of MPCs. The mRNA and protein expression of target genes were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. Knock-down of p53 expression was achieved with RNA interference. Results Most cells isolated from the normal and OA patients were CD105+ and CD166+ positive (Normal subjects: CD105+/CD166+, 94.6%±1.1%; OA: CD105+/CD166+, 93.5%±1.1%). MPCs derived from OA subjects exhibited decreased differentiation capabilities and enhanced Wnt/β-catenin activity. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling promoted proliferation and differentiation, whereas activation of this pathway by treatment with rWnt3a protein decreased the proliferation and differentiation of normal MPCs. Additionally, Wnt/β-catenin signaling positively regulated p53 expression, and silencing of p53 increased proliferation and differentiation of MPCs. Conclusions Wnt/β-catenin regulated the proliferation and differentiation of MPCs through the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Peng
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (GC); (LY)
| | - Hongxing Chang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Dai
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuyou Wang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojun Duan
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangxing Chen
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (GC); (LY)
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Cavodeassi F. Integration of anterior neural plate patterning and morphogenesis by the Wnt signaling pathway. Dev Neurobiol 2013; 74:759-71. [PMID: 24115566 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wnts are essential for a multitude of processes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. The molecular structure of the Wnt pathway is extremely complex, and it keeps growing as new molecular components and novel interactions are uncovered. Recent studies have advanced our understanding on how the diverse molecular outcomes of the Wnt pathway are integrated during organ development, an integration that is also essential, although mechanistically poorly understood, during the formation of the anterior part of the nervous system, the forebrain. In this article, the author has summarized these findings and discussed their implications for forebrain development. A special emphasis has been put forth on studies performed in the zebrafish as this model system has been instrumental for our current understanding of forebrain patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cavodeassi
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Takács R, Matta C, Somogyi C, Juhász T, Zákány R. Comparative analysis of osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation potential in primary limb bud-derived and C3H10T1/2 cell line-based mouse micromass cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16141-67. [PMID: 23921684 PMCID: PMC3759904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine micromass models have been extensively applied to study chondrogenesis and osteogenesis to elucidate pathways of endochondral bone formation. Here we provide a detailed comparative analysis of the differentiation potential of micromass cultures established from either BMP-2 overexpressing C3H10T1/2 cells or mouse embryonic limb bud-derived chondroprogenitor cells, using micromass cultures from untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells as controls. Although the BMP-2 overexpressing C3H10T1/2 cells failed to form chondrogenic nodules, cells of both models expressed mRNA transcripts for major cartilage-specific marker genes including Sox9, Acan, Col2a1, Snorc, and Hapln1 at similar temporal sequence, while notable lubricin expression was only detected in primary cultures. Furthermore, mRNA transcripts for markers of osteogenic differentiation including Runx2, Osterix, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin were detected in both models, along with matrix calcification. Although the adipogenic lineage-specific marker gene FABP4 was also expressed in micromass cultures, Oil Red O-positive cells along with PPARγ2 transcripts were only detected in C3H10T1/2-derived micromass cultures. Apart from lineage-specific marker genes, pluripotency factors (Nanog and Sox2) were also expressed in these models, reflecting on the presence of various mesenchymal lineages as well as undifferentiated cells. This cellular heterogeneity has to be taken into consideration for the interpretation of data obtained by using these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Takács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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