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Das A, Franco JA, Mulcahy B, Wang L, Chapman D, Jaisinghani C, Pruitt BL, Zhen M, Goodman MB. C. elegans touch receptor neurons direct mechanosensory complex organization via repurposing conserved basal lamina proteins. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3133-3151.e10. [PMID: 38964319 PMCID: PMC11283674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The sense of touch is conferred by the conjoint function of somatosensory neurons and skin cells. These cells meet across a gap filled by a basal lamina, an ancient structure found in metazoans. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we investigate the composition and ultrastructure of the extracellular matrix at the epidermis and touch receptor neuron (TRN) interface. We show that membrane-matrix complexes containing laminin, nidogen, and the MEC-4 mechano-electrical transduction channel reside at this interface and are central to proper touch sensation. Interestingly, the dimensions and spacing of these complexes correspond with the discontinuous beam-like extracellular matrix structures observed in serial-section transmission electron micrographs. These complexes fail to coalesce in touch-insensitive extracellular matrix mutants and in dissociated neurons. Loss of nidogen reduces the density of mechanoreceptor complexes and the amplitude of the touch-evoked currents they carry. Thus, neuron-epithelium cell interfaces are instrumental in mechanosensory complex assembly and function. Unlike the basal lamina ensheathing the pharynx and body wall muscle, nidogen recruitment to the puncta along TRNs is not dependent upon laminin binding. MEC-4, but not laminin or nidogen, is destabilized by point mutations in the C-terminal Kunitz domain of the extracellular matrix component, MEC-1. These findings imply that somatosensory neurons secrete proteins that actively repurpose the basal lamina to generate special-purpose mechanosensory complexes responsible for vibrotactile sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alakananda Das
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joy A Franco
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ben Mulcahy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Lingxin Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dail Chapman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chandni Jaisinghani
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Mei Zhen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Miriam B Goodman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Ijezie EC, O'Dowd JM, Kuan MI, Faeth AR, Fortunato EA. HCMV Infection Reduces Nidogen-1 Expression, Contributing to Impaired Neural Rosette Development in Brain Organoids. J Virol 2023; 97:e0171822. [PMID: 37125912 PMCID: PMC10231252 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01718-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of birth defects in humans. These birth defects include microcephaly, sensorineural hearing loss, vision loss, and cognitive impairment. The process by which the developing fetus incurs these neurological defects is poorly understood. To elucidate some of these mechanisms, we have utilized HCMV-infected induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate in vitro brain organoids, modeling the first trimester of fetal brain development. Early during culturing, brain organoids generate neural rosettes. These structures are believed to model neural tube formation. Rosette formation was analyzed in HCMV-infected and mock-infected brain organoids at 17, 24, and 31 days postinfection. Histological analysis revealed fewer neural rosettes in HCMV-infected compared to mock-infected organoids. HCMV-infected organoid rosettes incurred multiple structural deficits, including increased lumen area, decreased ventricular zone depth, and decreased cell count. Immunofluorescent (IF) analysis found that nidogen-1 (NID1) protein expression in the basement membrane surrounding neural rosettes was greatly reduced by virus infection. IF analysis also identified a similar downregulation of laminin in basement membranes of HCMV-infected organoid rosettes. Knockdown of NID1 alone in brain organoids impaired their development, leading to the production of rosettes with increased lumen area, decreased structural integrity, and reduced laminin localization in the basement membrane, paralleling observations in HCMV-infected organoids. Our data strongly suggest that HCMV-induced downregulation of NID1 impairs neural rosette formation and integrity, likely contributing to many of HCMV's most severe birth defects. IMPORTANCE HCMV infection in pregnant women continues to be the leading cause of virus-induced neurologic birth defects. The mechanism through which congenital HCMV (cCMV) infection induces pathological changes to the developing fetal central nervous system (CNS) remains unclear. Our lab previously reproduced identified clinical defects in HCMV-infected infants using a three dimensional (3D) brain organoid model. In this new study, we have striven to discover very early HCMV-induced changes in developing brain organoids. We investigated the development of neural tube-like structures, neural rosettes. HCMV-infected rosettes displayed multiple structural abnormalities and cell loss. HCMV-infected rosettes displayed reduced expression of the key basement membrane protein, NID1. We previously found NID1 to be specifically targeted in HCMV-infected fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Brain organoids generated from NID1 knockdown iPSCs recapitulated the structural defects observed in HCMV-infected rosettes. Findings in this study revealed HCMV infection induced early and dramatic structural changes in 3D brain organoids. We believe our results suggest a major role for infection-induced NID1 downregulation in HCMV-induced CNS birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel C. Ijezie
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - John M. O'Dowd
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Man I Kuan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Alexandra R. Faeth
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Fortunato
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
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3
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Berrone E, Chiorino G, Guana F, Benedetti V, Palmitessa C, Gallo M, Calvo A, Casale F, Manera U, Favole A, Crociara P, Testori C, Carta V, Tessarolo C, D’Angelo A, De Marco G, Caramelli M, Chiò A, Casalone C, Corona C. SOMAscan Proteomics Identifies Novel Plasma Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031899. [PMID: 36768220 PMCID: PMC9916400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex disease characterized by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors for which, despite decades of intense research, diagnosis remains rather delayed, and most therapeutic options fail. Therefore, unravelling other potential pathogenetic mechanisms and searching for reliable markers are high priorities. In the present study, we employ the SOMAscan assay, an aptamer-based proteomic technology, to determine the circulating proteomic profile of ALS patients. The expression levels of ~1300 proteins were assessed in plasma, and 42 proteins with statistically significant differential expression between ALS patients and healthy controls were identified. Among these, four were upregulated proteins, Thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine, metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 and nidogen 1 and 2 were selected and validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in an overlapping cohort of patients. Following statistical analyses, different expression patterns of these proteins were observed in the familial and sporadic ALS patients. The proteins identified in this study might provide insight into ALS pathogenesis and represent potential candidates to develop novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Berrone
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Francesca Guana
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Valerio Benedetti
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Palmitessa
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Gallo
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neurology, Hospital Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Casale
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Manera
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neurology, Hospital Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Favole
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Paola Crociara
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
- ASL TO4, 10034 Chivasso, Italy
| | - Camilla Testori
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Valerio Carta
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Carlotta Tessarolo
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio D’Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Marco
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neurology, Hospital Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Caramelli
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neurology, Hospital Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Cristina Casalone
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiano Corona
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
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4
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Tentaku A, Kurisu S, Sejima K, Nagao T, Takahashi A, Yonemura S. Proximal deposition of collagen IV by fibroblasts contributes to basement membrane formation by colon epithelial cells in vitro. FEBS J 2022; 289:7466-7485. [PMID: 35730982 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The basement membrane (BM) underlying epithelial tissue is a thin layer of extracellular matrix that governs tissue integrity and function. Epithelial BMs are generally assembled using BM components secreted from two origins: epithelium and stroma. Although de novo BM formation involves self-assembly processes of large proteins, it remains unclear how stroma-derived macromolecules are transported and assembled, specifically in the BM region. In this study, we established an in vitro co-culture model of BM formation in which DLD-1 human colon epithelial cells were cultured on top of collagen I gel containing human embryonic OUMS-36T-2 fibroblasts as stromal cells. A distinct feature of our system is represented by OUMS-36T-2 cells which are almost exclusively responsible for synthesis of collagen IV, a major BM component. Exploiting this advantage, we found that collagen IV incorporation was significantly impaired in culture conditions where OUMS-36T-2 cells were not allowed to directly contact DLD-1 cells. Soluble collagen IV, once diluted in the culture medium, did not accumulate in the BM region efficiently. Live imaging of fluorescently tagged collagen IV revealed that OUMS-36T-2 cells deposited collagen IV aggregates directly onto the basal surface of DLD-1 cells. Collectively, these results indicate a novel mode of collagen IV deposition in which fibroblasts proximal to epithelial cells exclusively contribute to collagen IV assembly during BM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Tentaku
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.,Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Shusaku Kurisu
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Kurumi Sejima
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.,Student Lab, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nagao
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.,Student Lab, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.,Laboratory for Ultrastructural Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
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5
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Cheng P, Cao T, Zhao X, Lu W, Miao S, Ning F, Wang D, Gao Y, Wang L, Pei G, Yang L. Nidogen1-enriched extracellular vesicles accelerate angiogenesis and bone regeneration by targeting Myosin-10 to regulate endothelial cell adhesion. Bioact Mater 2022; 12:185-197. [PMID: 35310379 PMCID: PMC8897190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The technique bottleneck of repairing large bone defects with tissue engineered bone is the vascularization of tissue engineered grafts. Although some studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) promote bone healing and repair by accelerating angiogenesis, the effector molecules and the mechanism remain unclear, which fail to provide ideas for the future research and development of cell-free interventions. Here, we found that Nidogen1-enriched EV (EV-NID1) derived from BMSCs interferes with the formation and assembly of focal adhesions (FAs) by targeting myosin-10, thereby reducing the adhesion strength of rat arterial endothelial cells (RAECs) to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and enhancing the migration and angiogenesis potential of RAECs. Moreover, by delivery with composite hydrogel, EV-NID1 is demonstrated to promote angiogenesis and bone regeneration in rat femoral defects. This study identifies the intracellular binding target of EV-NID1 and further elucidates a novel approach and mechanism, thereby providing a cell-free construction strategy with precise targets for the development of vascularized tissue engineering products. Nidogen1 is enriched in extracellular vesicles (EV-NID1) derived from BMSCs. EV-NID1 interferes with the formation and assembly of focal adhesions (FAs). Myosin-10 was identified as the intracellular binding target of EV-NID1. The composite hydrogel loaded with EV-NID1 promotes the repair of bone defects by accelerating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhen Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Tianqing Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xueyi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Weiguang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Sheng Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fenru Ning
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guoxian Pei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Corresponding author.
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6
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Proteomic Profiling and T Cell Receptor Usage of Abacavir Susceptible Subjects. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030693. [PMID: 35327495 PMCID: PMC8945713 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Type B adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a significant threat as their occurrence arises unpredictable and despite proper application of the drug. The severe immune reaction Abacavir Hypersensitivity Syndrome (AHS) that arises in HIV+ patients treated with the antiretroviral drug Abacavir (ABC) strongly correlates to the presence of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype HLA-B*57:01 and discriminates HLA-B*57:01+ HIV+ patients from ABC treatment. However, not all HLA-B*57:01+ HIV+ patients are affected by AHS, implying the involvement of further patient-specific factors in the development of AHS. The establishment of a reliable assay to classify HLA-B*57:01 carriers as ABC sensitive or ABC tolerant allowed to investigate the T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ chain repertoire of effector cells and revealed Vβ6 and Vβ24 as potential public TCRs in ABC sensitive HLA-B*57:01 carriers. Furthermore, distinct effects of ABC on the cellular proteome of ABC sensitive and tolerant volunteers were observed and suggest enhanced activation and maturation of dentritic cells (DC) in ABC sensitive volunteers. Analysis of ABC-naïve cellular proteomes identified the T cell immune regulator 1 (TCIRG1) as a potential prognostic biomarker for ABC susceptibility and the involvement of significantly upregulated proteins, particularly in peptide processing, antigen presentation, interferon (IFN), and cytokine regulation.
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7
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Wong H, Crowet JM, Dauchez M, Ricard-Blum S, Baud S, Belloy N. Multiscale modelling of the extracellular matrix. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 13:100096. [PMID: 35072037 PMCID: PMC8763633 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a complex three-dimensional network of molecules that provides cells with a complex microenvironment. The major constituents of the extracellular matrix such as collagen, elastin and associated proteins form supramolecular assemblies contributing to its physicochemical properties and organization. The structure of proteins and their supramolecular assemblies such as fibrils have been studied at the atomic level (e.g., by X-ray crystallography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and cryo-Electron Microscopy) or at the microscopic scale. However, many protein complexes are too large to be studied at the atomic level and too small to be studied by microscopy. Most extracellular matrix components fall into this intermediate scale, so-called the mesoscopic scale, preventing their detailed characterization. Simulation and modelling are some of the few powerful and promising approaches that can deepen our understanding of mesoscale systems. We have developed a set of modelling tools to study the self-organization of the extracellular matrix and large motion of macromolecules at the mesoscale level by taking advantage of the dynamics of articulated rigid bodies as a mean to study a larger range of motions at the cost of atomic resolution.
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Key Words
- Basement membrane
- CG, coarse-grained
- Cryo-EM, cryogenic electron microscopy
- DOF, degrees of freedom
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- Extracellular matrix
- FEM, finite element method
- MD, molecular dynamics
- Mesoscopic scale
- Modelling
- NC, non-collagenous
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- Rigid bodies
- SAXS, small-angle X-ray scattering
- Simulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wong
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, MEDyC UMR 7369, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Jean-Marc Crowet
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, MEDyC UMR 7369, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Manuel Dauchez
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, MEDyC UMR 7369, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ. Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR 5246 CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Baud
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, MEDyC UMR 7369, 51097 Reims, France
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Plateau de Modélisation Moléculaire Multi-Echelle (P3M), Maison de la Simulation de Champagne-Ardenne (MaSCA), 51097 Reims, France
| | - Nicolas Belloy
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, MEDyC UMR 7369, 51097 Reims, France
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Plateau de Modélisation Moléculaire Multi-Echelle (P3M), Maison de la Simulation de Champagne-Ardenne (MaSCA), 51097 Reims, France
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8
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Zhang KY, Johnson TV. The internal limiting membrane: Roles in retinal development and implications for emerging ocular therapies. Exp Eye Res 2021; 206:108545. [PMID: 33753089 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes help to establish, maintain, and separate their associated tissues. They also provide growth and signaling substrates for nearby resident cells. The internal limiting membrane (ILM) is the basement membrane at the ocular vitreoretinal interface. While the ILM is essential for normal retinal development, it is dispensable in adulthood. Moreover, the ILM may constitute a significant barrier to emerging ocular therapeutics, such as viral gene therapy or stem cell transplantation. Here we take a neurodevelopmental perspective in examining how retinal neurons, glia, and vasculature interact with individual extracellular matrix constituents at the ILM. In addition, we review evidence that the ILM may impede novel ocular therapies and discuss approaches for achieving retinal parenchymal targeting of gene vectors and cell transplants delivered into the vitreous cavity by manipulating interactions with the ILM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Zhang
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Maumenee B-110, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Thomas V Johnson
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Maumenee B-110, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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9
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Tang M, Rich JN, Chen S. Biomaterials and 3D Bioprinting Strategies to Model Glioblastoma and the Blood-Brain Barrier. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004776. [PMID: 33326131 PMCID: PMC7854518 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and lethal adult primary central nervous system cancer. An immunosuppresive and highly heterogeneous tumor microenvironment, restricted delivery of chemotherapy or immunotherapy through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), together with the brain's unique biochemical and anatomical features result in its universal recurrence and poor prognosis. As conventional models fail to predict therapeutic efficacy in GBM, in vitro 3D models of GBM and BBB leveraging patient- or healthy-individual-derived cells and biomaterials through 3D bioprinting technologies potentially mimic essential physiological and pathological features of GBM and BBB. 3D-bioprinted constructs enable investigation of cellular and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in a species-matched, high-throughput, and reproducible manner, serving as screening or drug delivery platforms. Here, an overview of current 3D-bioprinted GBM and BBB models is provided, elaborating on the microenvironmental compositions of GBM and BBB, relevant biomaterials to mimic the native tissues, and bioprinting strategies to implement the model fabrication. Collectively, 3D-bioprinted GBM and BBB models are promising systems and biomimetic alternatives to traditional models for more reliable mechanistic studies and preclinical drug screenings that may eventually accelerate the drug development process for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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10
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Patel A, Treffers EE, Meier M, Patel TR, Stetefeld J, Snijder EJ, Mark BL. Molecular characterization of the RNA-protein complex directing -2/-1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting during arterivirus replicase expression. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17904-17921. [PMID: 33127640 PMCID: PMC7939443 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is a mechanism used by arteriviruses like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to generate multiple proteins from overlapping reading frames within its RNA genome. PRRSV employs -1 PRF directed by RNA secondary and tertiary structures within its viral genome (canonical PRF), as well as a noncanonical -1 and -2 PRF that are stimulated by the interactions of PRRSV nonstructural protein 1β (nsp1β) and host protein poly(C)-binding protein (PCBP) 1 or 2 with the viral genome. Together, nsp1β and one of the PCBPs act as transactivators that bind a C-rich motif near the shift site to stimulate -1 and -2 PRF, thereby enabling the ribosome to generate two frameshift products that are implicated in viral immune evasion. How nsp1β and PCBP associate with the viral RNA genome remains unclear. Here, we describe the purification of the nsp1β:PCBP2:viral RNA complex on a scale sufficient for structural analysis using small-angle X-ray scattering and stochiometric analysis by analytical ultracentrifugation. The proteins associate with the RNA C-rich motif as a 1:1:1 complex. The monomeric form of nsp1β within the complex differs from previously reported homodimer identified by X-ray crystallography. Functional analysis of the complex via mutational analysis combined with RNA-binding assays and cell-based frameshifting reporter assays reveal a number of key residues within nsp1β and PCBP2 that are involved in complex formation and function. Our results suggest that nsp1β and PCBP2 both interact directly with viral RNA during formation of the complex to coordinate this unusual PRF mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankoor Patel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Emmely E Treffers
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jörg Stetefeld
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Eric J Snijder
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brian L Mark
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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11
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Nelson CR, Mrozowich T, Park SM, D’souza S, Henrickson A, Vigar JRJ, Wieden HJ, Owens RJ, Demeler B, Patel TR. Human DDX17 Unwinds Rift Valley Fever Virus Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E54. [PMID: 33374561 PMCID: PMC7793125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus from the Bunyaviridae family that causes high rates of mortality and morbidity in humans and ruminant animals. Previous studies indicated that DEAD-box helicase 17 (DDX17) restricts RVFV replication by recognizing two primary non-coding RNAs in the S-segment of the genome: the intergenic region (IGR) and 5' non-coding region (NCR). However, we lack molecular insights into the direct binding of DDX17 with RVFV non-coding RNAs and information on the unwinding of both non-coding RNAs by DDX17. Therefore, we performed an extensive biophysical analysis of the DDX17 helicase domain (DDX17135-555) and RVFV non-coding RNAs, IGR and 5' NCR. The homogeneity studies using analytical ultracentrifugation indicated that DDX17135-555, IGR, and 5' NCR are pure. Next, we performed small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments, which suggested that DDX17 and both RNAs are homogenous as well. SAXS analysis also demonstrated that DDX17 is globular to an extent, whereas the RNAs adopt an extended conformation in solution. Subsequently, microscale thermophoresis (MST) experiments were performed to investigate the direct binding of DDX17 to the non-coding RNAs. The MST experiments demonstrated that DDX17 binds with the IGR and 5' NCR with a dissociation constant of 5.77 ± 0.15 µM and 9.85 ± 0.11 µM, respectively. As DDX17135-555 is an RNA helicase, we next determined if it could unwind IGR and NCR. We developed a helicase assay using MST and fluorescently-labeled oligos, which suggested DDX17135-555 can unwind both RNAs. Overall, our study provides direct evidence of DDX17135-555 interacting with and unwinding RVFV non-coding regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey R. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (C.R.N.); (T.M.); (S.M.P.); (A.H.); (J.R.J.V.); (H.-J.W.); (B.D.)
| | - Tyler Mrozowich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (C.R.N.); (T.M.); (S.M.P.); (A.H.); (J.R.J.V.); (H.-J.W.); (B.D.)
| | - Sean M. Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (C.R.N.); (T.M.); (S.M.P.); (A.H.); (J.R.J.V.); (H.-J.W.); (B.D.)
| | - Simmone D’souza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Amy Henrickson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (C.R.N.); (T.M.); (S.M.P.); (A.H.); (J.R.J.V.); (H.-J.W.); (B.D.)
| | - Justin R. J. Vigar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (C.R.N.); (T.M.); (S.M.P.); (A.H.); (J.R.J.V.); (H.-J.W.); (B.D.)
| | - Hans-Joachim Wieden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (C.R.N.); (T.M.); (S.M.P.); (A.H.); (J.R.J.V.); (H.-J.W.); (B.D.)
| | - Raymond J. Owens
- Research Complex at Harwell, R92 Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, Harwell, Oxford OX1 0QX, UK;
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (C.R.N.); (T.M.); (S.M.P.); (A.H.); (J.R.J.V.); (H.-J.W.); (B.D.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
- NorthWest Biophysics Consortium, University of Lethbridge, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Trushar R. Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (C.R.N.); (T.M.); (S.M.P.); (A.H.); (J.R.J.V.); (H.-J.W.); (B.D.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology and Discovery Lab, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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12
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Hirakawa Y, Futaki S, Furukawa F, Kondo Y, Moriwaki S. Acute changes in nidogen-1 expression in the epidermal basement membrane of a 3-dimensional cultured human skin model after ultraviolet B irradiation. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2020; 36:499-502. [PMID: 32920911 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hirakawa
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Takatsuki Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sugiko Futaki
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fukumi Furukawa
- Department of Dermatology, Takatsuki Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kondo
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Mrozowich T, Henrickson A, Demeler B, Patel TR. Nanoscale Structure Determination of Murray Valley Encephalitis and Powassan Virus Non-Coding RNAs. Viruses 2020; 12:E190. [PMID: 32046304 PMCID: PMC7077200 DOI: 10.3390/v12020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are responsible for numerous deaths worldwide. Flaviviruses, which contain RNA as their genetic material, are one of the most pathogenic families of viruses. There is an increasing amount of evidence suggesting that their 5' and 3' non-coding terminal regions are critical for their survival. Information on their structural features is essential to gain detailed insights into their functions and interactions with host proteins. In this study, the 5' and 3' terminal regions of Murray Valley encephalitis virus and Powassan virus were examined using biophysical and computational modeling methods. First, we used size exclusion chromatography and analytical ultracentrifuge methods to investigate the purity of in-vitro transcribed RNAs. Next, we employed small-angle X-ray scattering techniques to study solution conformation and low-resolution structures of these RNAs, which suggest that the 3' terminal regions are highly extended as compared to the 5' terminal regions for both viruses. Using computational modeling tools, we reconstructed 3-dimensional structures of each RNA fragment and compared them with derived small-angle X-ray scattering low-resolution structures. This approach allowed us to reinforce that the 5' terminal regions adopt more dynamic structures compared to the mainly double-stranded structures of the 3' terminal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Mrozowich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (T.M.); (A.H.); (B.D.)
| | - Amy Henrickson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (T.M.); (A.H.); (B.D.)
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (T.M.); (A.H.); (B.D.)
- Department of Chemistry And Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
- NorthWest Biophysics Consortium, University of Lethbridge, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (T.M.); (A.H.); (B.D.)
- NorthWest Biophysics Consortium, University of Lethbridge, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology and Discovery Lab, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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14
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Barros D, Amaral IF, Pêgo AP. Laminin-Inspired Cell-Instructive Microenvironments for Neural Stem Cells. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:276-293. [PMID: 31789020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Laminin is a heterotrimeric glycoprotein with a key role in the formation and maintenance of the basement membrane architecture and properties, as well as on the modulation of several biological functions, including cell adhesion, migration, differentiation and matrix-mediated signaling. In the central nervous system (CNS), laminin is differentially expressed during development and homeostasis, with an impact on the modulation of cell function and fate. Within neurogenic niches, laminin is one of the most important and well described extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Specifically, efforts have been made to understand laminin assembly, domain architecture, and interaction of its different bioactive domains with cell surface receptors, soluble signaling molecules, and ECM proteins, to gain insight into the role of this ECM protein and its receptors on the modulation of neurogenesis, both in homeostasis and during repair. This is also expected to provide a rational basis for the design of biomaterial-based matrices mirroring the biological properties of the basement membrane of neural stem cell niches, for application in neural tissue repair and cell transplantation. This review provides a general overview of laminin structure and domain architecture, as well as the main biological functions mediated by this heterotrimeric glycoprotein. The expression and distribution of laminin in the CNS and, more specifically, its role within adult neural stem cell niches is summarized. Additionally, a detailed overview on the use of full-length laminin and laminin derived peptide/recombinant laminin fragments for the development of hydrogels for mimicking the neurogenic niche microenvironment is given. Finally, the main challenges associated with the development of laminin-inspired hydrogels and the hurdles to overcome for these to progress from bench to bedside are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Barros
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto (UPorto) , Porto 4200-153 , Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , UPorto , Porto 4200-153 , Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar , UPorto , Porto 4200-153 , Portugal
| | - Isabel F Amaral
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto (UPorto) , Porto 4200-153 , Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , UPorto , Porto 4200-153 , Portugal.,FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia , UPorto , Porto 4200-153 , Portugal
| | - Ana P Pêgo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto (UPorto) , Porto 4200-153 , Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , UPorto , Porto 4200-153 , Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar , UPorto , Porto 4200-153 , Portugal.,FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia , UPorto , Porto 4200-153 , Portugal
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15
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Use of molecular crowding for the detection of protein self-association by size-exclusion chromatography. Anal Biochem 2019; 584:113392. [PMID: 31408631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of employing molecular crowding cosolutes to facilitate the detection of protein self-association by zonal size exclusion chromatography is investigated. Theoretical considerations have established that although the cosolute-induced displacement of a self-association equilibrium towards the oligomeric state invariably occurs in the mobile phase of the column, that displacement is only manifested as a decreased protein elution volume for cosolutes sufficiently small to partition between the mobile and stationary phases. Indeed, the use of a crowding agent sufficiently large to be confined to the mobile phase gives rise to an increased elution volume that could be misconstrued as evidence of cosolute-induced protein dissociation. Those theoretical considerations are reinforced by experimental studies of α-chymotrypsin (a reversibly dimerizing enzyme) on Superdex 200. The use of cosolutes such as sucrose and small polyethylene glycol fractions such as PEG-2000 is therefore recommended for the detection of protein self-association by molecular crowding effects in size exclusion chromatography.
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16
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Abstract
Focus a laser on dissolved particles and analyze the scattered light to reveal their size. This well established principle is used in dynamic light scattering (DLS), or also called photon-correlation spectroscopy, which is a widely popular and highly adaptable analytical method applied in different fields of life and material sciences, as well as in industrial quality control processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S. Pereira
- grid.10772.330000000121511713Molecular Biophysics Lab., UCIBIO/Requimte, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Tavares
- grid.10772.330000000121511713Molecular Biophysics Lab., UCIBIO/Requimte, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paulo Limão-Vieira
- grid.10772.330000000121511713Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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17
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Saikia P, Thangavadivel S, Medeiros CS, Lassance L, de Oliveira RC, Wilson SE. IL-1 and TGF-β Modulation of Epithelial Basement Membrane Components Perlecan and Nidogen Production by Corneal Stromal Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5589-5598. [PMID: 30480706 PMCID: PMC6262649 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether (1) the in vitro expression of epithelial basement membrane components nidogen-1, nidogen-2, and perlecan by keratocytes, corneal fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts is modulated by cytokines/growth factors, and (2) perlecan protein is produced by stromal cells after photorefractive keratectomy. Methods Marker-verified rabbit keratocytes, corneal fibroblasts, myofibroblasts were stimulated with TGF-β1, IL-1α, IL-1β, TGF-β3, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, or PDGF-AB. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect expression of nidogen-1, nidogen-2, and perlecan mRNAs. Western blotting evaluated changes in protein expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed on rabbit corneas for perlecan, alpha-smooth muscle actin, keratocan, vimentin, and CD45 at time points from 1 day to 1 month after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Results IL-1α or -1β significantly upregulated perlecan mRNA expression in keratocytes. TGF-β1 or -β3 markedly downregulated nidogen-1 or -2 mRNA expression in keratocytes. None of these cytokines had significant effects on nidogen-1, -2, or perlecan mRNA expression in corneal fibroblasts or myofibroblasts. IL-1α significantly upregulated, while TGF-β1 significantly downregulated, perlecan protein expression in keratocytes. Perlecan protein expression was upregulated in anterior stromal cells at 1 and 2 days after −4.5 or −9 diopters (D) PRK, but the subepithelial localization of perlecan became disrupted at 7 days and later time points in −9-D PRK corneas when myofibroblasts populated the anterior stroma. Conclusions IL-1 and TGF-β1 have opposing effects on perlecan and nidogen expression by keratocytes in vitro. Proximate participation of keratocytes is likely needed to regenerate normal epithelial basement membrane after corneal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla S Medeiros
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Luciana Lassance
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | | | - Steven E Wilson
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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18
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Dissection of Nidogen function in Drosophila reveals tissue-specific mechanisms of basement membrane assembly. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007483. [PMID: 30260959 PMCID: PMC6177204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are thin sheet-like specialized extracellular matrices found at the basal surface of epithelia and endothelial tissues. They have been conserved across evolution and are required for proper tissue growth, organization, differentiation and maintenance. The major constituents of BMs are two independent networks of Laminin and Type IV Collagen in addition to the proteoglycan Perlecan and the glycoprotein Nidogen/entactin (Ndg). The ability of Ndg to bind in vitro Collagen IV and Laminin, both with key functions during embryogenesis, anticipated an essential role for Ndg in morphogenesis linking the Laminin and Collagen IV networks. This was supported by results from cultured embryonic tissue experiments. However, the fact that elimination of Ndg in C. elegans and mice did not affect survival strongly questioned this proposed linking role. Here, we have isolated mutations in the only Ndg gene present in Drosophila. We find that while, similar to C.elegans and mice, Ndg is not essential for overall organogenesis or viability, it is required for appropriate fertility. We also find, alike in mice, tissue-specific requirements of Ndg for proper assembly and maintenance of certain BMs, namely those of the adipose tissue and flight muscles. In addition, we have performed a thorough functional analysis of the different Ndg domains in vivo. Our results support an essential requirement of the G3 domain for Ndg function and unravel a new key role for the Rod domain in regulating Ndg incorporation into BMs. Furthermore, uncoupling of the Laminin and Collagen IV networks is clearly observed in the larval adipose tissue in the absence of Ndg, indeed supporting a linking role. In light of our findings, we propose that BM assembly and/or maintenance is tissue-specific, which could explain the diverse requirements of a ubiquitous conserved BM component like Nidogen. Basement membranes (BMs) are thin layers of specialized extracellular matrices present in every tissue of the human body. Its main constituents are two networks of laminin and Type IV Collagen linked by Nidogen (Ndg) and proteoglycans. They form an organized scaffold that regulates organ morphogenesis and function. Mutations affecting BM components are associated with organ dysfunction and several congenital diseases. Thus, a better comprehension of BM assembly and maintenance will not only help to learn more about organogenesis but also to a better understanding and, hopefully, treatment of these diseases. Here, we have used the fruit fly Drosophila to analyse the role of Ndg in BM formation in vivo. Elimination of Ndg in worms and mice does not affect survival, strongly questioning its proposed linking role, derived from in vitro experiments. Here, we show that in the fly, Ndg is dispensable for BM assembly and preservation in many tissues, but absolutely required in others. Furthermore, our functional study of the different Ndg domains challenges the significance of some interactions between BM components derived from in vitro experiments, while confirming others, and reveals a new key requirement for the Rod domain in Ndg function and incorporation into BMs.
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Wong H, Prévoteau-Jonquet J, Baud S, Dauchez M, Belloy N. Mesoscopic Rigid Body Modelling of the Extracellular Matrix Self-Assembly. J Integr Bioinform 2018; 15:/j/jib.ahead-of-print/jib-2018-0009/jib-2018-0009.xml. [PMID: 29886454 PMCID: PMC6167044 DOI: 10.1515/jib-2018-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in supporting tissues and organs. It even has a functional role in morphogenesis and differentiation by acting as a source of active molecules (matrikines). Many diseases are linked to dysfunction of ECM components and fragments or changes in their structures. As such it is a prime target for drugs. Because of technological limitations for observations at mesoscopic scales, the precise structural organisation of the ECM is not well-known, with sparse or fuzzy experimental observables. Based on the Unity3D game and physics engines, along with rigid body dynamics, we propose a virtual sandbox to model large biological molecules as dynamic chains of rigid bodies interacting together to gain insight into ECM components behaviour in the mesoscopic range. We have preliminary results showing how parameters such as fibre flexibility or the nature and number of interactions between molecules can induce different structures in the basement membrane. Using the Unity3D game engine and virtual reality headset coupled with haptic controllers, we immerse the user inside the corresponding simulation. Untrained users are able to navigate a complex virtual sandbox crowded with large biomolecules models in a matter of seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wong
- Plateau de Modélisation Moléculaire Multi-Echelle (P3M), Maison de la Simulation de Champagne-Ardenne (MaSCA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Jessica Prévoteau-Jonquet
- UMR URCA/CNRS 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Equipe Modélisation et Imagerie Multi-Echelles (MIME), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Stéphanie Baud
- Plateau de Modélisation Moléculaire Multi-Echelle (P3M), Maison de la Simulation de Champagne-Ardenne (MaSCA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.,UMR URCA/CNRS 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Equipe Modélisation et Imagerie Multi-Echelles (MIME), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Manuel Dauchez
- Plateau de Modélisation Moléculaire Multi-Echelle (P3M), Maison de la Simulation de Champagne-Ardenne (MaSCA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.,UMR URCA/CNRS 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Equipe Modélisation et Imagerie Multi-Echelles (MIME), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Nicolas Belloy
- Plateau de Modélisation Moléculaire Multi-Echelle (P3M), Maison de la Simulation de Champagne-Ardenne (MaSCA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.,UMR URCA/CNRS 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Equipe Modélisation et Imagerie Multi-Echelles (MIME), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
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20
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Interaction studies of a protein and carbohydrate system using an integrated approach: a case study of the miniagrin-heparin system. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2018. [PMID: 29532137 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-018-1291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The major challenges in biophysical characterization of human protein-carbohydrate interactions are obtaining monodispersed preparations of human proteins that are often post-translationally modified and lack of detection of carbohydrates by traditional detection systems. Light scattering (dynamic and static) techniques offer detection of biomolecules and their complexes based on their size and shape, and do not rely on chromophore groups (such as aromatic amino acid sidechains). In this study, we utilized dynamic light scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques to investigate the solution properties of a complex resulting from the interaction between a 15 kDa heparin preparation and miniagrin, a miniaturized version of agrin. Results from dynamic light scattering, sedimentation equilibrium, and sedimentation velocity experiments signify the formation of a monodisperse complex with 1:1 stoichiometry, and low-resolution structures derived from the small-angle X-ray scattering measurements implicate an extended conformation for a side-by-side miniagrin‒heparin complex.
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Structural studies of RNA-protein complexes: A hybrid approach involving hydrodynamics, scattering, and computational methods. Methods 2016; 118-119:146-162. [PMID: 27939506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse functional cellular roles played by ribonucleic acids (RNA) have emphasized the need to develop rapid and accurate methodologies to elucidate the relationship between the structure and function of RNA. Structural biology tools such as X-ray crystallography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance are highly useful methods to obtain atomic-level resolution models of macromolecules. However, both methods have sample, time, and technical limitations that prevent their application to a number of macromolecules of interest. An emerging alternative to high-resolution structural techniques is to employ a hybrid approach that combines low-resolution shape information about macromolecules and their complexes from experimental hydrodynamic (e.g. analytical ultracentrifugation) and solution scattering measurements (e.g., solution X-ray or neutron scattering), with computational modeling to obtain atomic-level models. While promising, scattering methods rely on aggregation-free, monodispersed preparations and therefore the careful development of a quality control pipeline is fundamental to an unbiased and reliable structural determination. This review article describes hydrodynamic techniques that are highly valuable for homogeneity studies, scattering techniques useful to study the low-resolution shape, and strategies for computational modeling to obtain high-resolution 3D structural models of RNAs, proteins, and RNA-protein complexes.
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Hall D, Harding SE. Foreword to 'Quantitative and analytical relations in biochemistry'-a special issue in honour of Donald J. Winzor's 80th birthday. Biophys Rev 2016; 8:269-277. [PMID: 28510020 PMCID: PMC5425807 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-016-0227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this special issue is to honour Professor Donald J. Winzor's long career as a researcher and scientific mentor, and to celebrate the milestone of his 80th birthday. Throughout his career, Don has been renowned for his development of clever approximations to difficult quantitative relations governing a range of biophysical measurements. The theme of this special issue, 'Quantitative and analytical relations in biochemistry', was chosen to reflect this aspect of Don's scientific approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Hall
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-1- Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
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Dynamic light scattering: a practical guide and applications in biomedical sciences. Biophys Rev 2016; 8:409-427. [PMID: 28510011 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-016-0218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 806] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic light scattering (DLS), also known as photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), is a very powerful tool for studying the diffusion behaviour of macromolecules in solution. The diffusion coefficient, and hence the hydrodynamic radii calculated from it, depends on the size and shape of macromolecules. In this review, we provide evidence of the usefulness of DLS to study the homogeneity of proteins, nucleic acids, and complexes of protein-protein or protein-nucleic acid preparations, as well as to study protein-small molecule interactions. Further, we provide examples of DLS's application both as a complementary method to analytical ultracentrifugation studies and as a screening tool to validate solution scattering models using determined hydrodynamic radii.
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Reuten R, Nikodemus D, Oliveira MB, Patel TR, Brachvogel B, Breloy I, Stetefeld J, Koch M. Maltose-Binding Protein (MBP), a Secretion-Enhancing Tag for Mammalian Protein Expression Systems. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152386. [PMID: 27029048 PMCID: PMC4814134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are commonly expressed in eukaryotic expression systems to ensure the formation of disulfide bridges and proper glycosylation. Although many proteins can be expressed easily, some proteins, sub-domains, and mutant protein versions can cause problems. Here, we investigated expression levels of recombinant extracellular, intracellular as well as transmembrane proteins tethered to different polypeptides in mammalian cell lines. Strikingly, fusion of proteins to the prokaryotic maltose-binding protein (MBP) generally enhanced protein production. MBP fusion proteins consistently exhibited the most robust increase in protein production in comparison to commonly used tags, e.g., the Fc, Glutathione S-transferase (GST), SlyD, and serum albumin (ser alb) tag. Moreover, proteins tethered to MBP revealed reduced numbers of dying cells upon transient transfection. In contrast to the Fc tag, MBP is a stable monomer and does not promote protein aggregation. Therefore, the MBP tag does not induce artificial dimerization of tethered proteins and provides a beneficial fusion tag for binding as well as cell adhesion studies. Using MBP we were able to secret a disease causing laminin β2 mutant protein (congenital nephrotic syndrome), which is normally retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. In summary, this study establishes MBP as a versatile expression tag for protein production in eukaryotic expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Reuten
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail: (MK); (RR)
| | - Denise Nikodemus
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria B. Oliveira
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Trushar R. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba RT3 2N2, Canada
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Experimental Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Isabelle Breloy
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Stetefeld
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba RT3 2N2, Canada
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail: (MK); (RR)
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Abstract
Biomaterials have played an increasingly prominent role in the success of biomedical devices and in the development of tissue engineering, which seeks to unlock the regenerative potential innate to human tissues/organs in a state of deterioration and to restore or reestablish normal bodily function. Advances in our understanding of regenerative biomaterials and their roles in new tissue formation can potentially open a new frontier in the fast-growing field of regenerative medicine. Taking inspiration from the role and multi-component construction of native extracellular matrices (ECMs) for cell accommodation, the synthetic biomaterials produced today routinely incorporate biologically active components to define an artificial in vivo milieu with complex and dynamic interactions that foster and regulate stem cells, similar to the events occurring in a natural cellular microenvironment. The range and degree of biomaterial sophistication have also dramatically increased as more knowledge has accumulated through materials science, matrix biology and tissue engineering. However, achieving clinical translation and commercial success requires regenerative biomaterials to be not only efficacious and safe but also cost-effective and convenient for use and production. Utilizing biomaterials of human origin as building blocks for therapeutic purposes has provided a facilitated approach that closely mimics the critical aspects of natural tissue with regard to its physical and chemical properties for the orchestration of wound healing and tissue regeneration. In addition to directly using tissue transfers and transplants for repair, new applications of human-derived biomaterials are now focusing on the use of naturally occurring biomacromolecules, decellularized ECM scaffolds and autologous preparations rich in growth factors/non-expanded stem cells to either target acceleration/magnification of the body's own repair capacity or use nature's paradigms to create new tissues for restoration. In particular, there is increasing interest in separating ECMs into simplified functional domains and/or biopolymeric assemblies so that these components/constituents can be discretely exploited and manipulated for the production of bioscaffolds and new biomimetic biomaterials. Here, following an overview of tissue auto-/allo-transplantation, we discuss the recent trends and advances as well as the challenges and future directions in the evolution and application of human-derived biomaterials for reconstructive surgery and tissue engineering. In particular, we focus on an exploration of the structural, mechanical, biochemical and biological information present in native human tissue for bioengineering applications and to provide inspiration for the design of future biomaterials.
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Patel TR, Nikodemus D, Besong TM, Reuten R, Meier M, Harding SE, Winzor DJ, Koch M, Stetefeld J. Biophysical analysis of a lethal laminin alpha-1 mutation reveals altered self-interaction. Matrix Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Vadlamani G, Thomas MD, Patel TR, Donald LJ, Reeve TM, Stetefeld J, Standing KG, Vocadlo DJ, Mark BL. The β-lactamase gene regulator AmpR is a tetramer that recognizes and binds the D-Ala-D-Ala motif of its repressor UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc)-pentapeptide. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2630-43. [PMID: 25480792 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.618199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible expression of chromosomal AmpC β-lactamase is a major cause of β-lactam antibiotic resistance in the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae. AmpC expression is induced by the LysR-type transcriptional regulator (LTTR) AmpR, which activates ampC expression in response to changes in peptidoglycan (PG) metabolite levels that occur during exposure to β-lactams. Under normal conditions, AmpR represses ampC transcription by binding the PG precursor UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc)-pentapeptide. When exposed to β-lactams, however, PG catabolites (1,6-anhydroMurNAc-peptides) accumulate in the cytosol, which have been proposed to competitively displace UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide from AmpR and convert it into an activator of ampC transcription. Here we describe the molecular interactions between AmpR (from Citrobacter freundii), its DNA operator, and repressor UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide. Non-denaturing mass spectrometry revealed AmpR to be a homotetramer that is stabilized by DNA containing the T-N11-A LTTR binding motif and revealed that it can bind four repressor molecules in an apparently stepwise manner. A crystal structure of the AmpR effector-binding domain bound to UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide revealed that the terminal D-Ala-D-Ala motif of the repressor forms the primary contacts with the protein. This observation suggests that 1,6-anhydroMurNAc-pentapeptide may convert AmpR into an activator of ampC transcription more effectively than 1,6-anhydroMurNAc-tripeptide (which lacks the D-Ala-D-Ala motif). Finally, small angle x-ray scattering demonstrates that the AmpR·DNA complex adopts a flat conformation similar to the LTTR protein AphB and undergoes only a slight conformational change when binding UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide. Modeling the AmpR·DNA tetramer bound to UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide predicts that the UDP-MurNAc moiety of the repressor participates in modulating AmpR function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth G Standing
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada and
| | - David J Vocadlo
- the Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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Lössl P, Kölbel K, Tänzler D, Nannemann D, Ihling CH, Keller MV, Schneider M, Zaucke F, Meiler J, Sinz A. Analysis of nidogen-1/laminin γ1 interaction by cross-linking, mass spectrometry, and computational modeling reveals multiple binding modes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112886. [PMID: 25387007 PMCID: PMC4227867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the detailed structural investigation of nidogen-1/laminin γ1 complexes using full-length nidogen-1 and a number of laminin γ1 variants. The interactions of nidogen-1 with laminin variants γ1 LEb2–4, γ1 LEb2–4 N836D, γ1 short arm, and γ1 short arm N836D were investigated by applying a combination of (photo-)chemical cross-linking, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and computational modeling. In addition, surface plasmon resonance and ELISA studies were used to determine kinetic constants of the nidogen-1/laminin γ1 interaction. Two complementary cross-linking strategies were pursued to analyze solution structures of laminin γ1 variants and nidogen-1. The majority of distance information was obtained with the homobifunctional amine-reactive cross-linker bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)glutarate. In a second approach, UV-induced cross-linking was performed after incorporation of the diazirine-containing unnatural amino acids photo-leucine and photo-methionine into laminin γ1 LEb2–4, laminin γ1 short arm, and nidogen-1. Our results indicate that Asn-836 within laminin γ1 LEb3 domain is not essential for complex formation. Cross-links between laminin γ1 short arm and nidogen-1 were found in all protein regions, evidencing several additional contact regions apart from the known interaction site. Computational modeling based on the cross-linking constraints indicates the existence of a conformational ensemble of both the individual proteins and the nidogen-1/laminin γ1 complex. This finding implies different modes of interaction resulting in several distinct protein-protein interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lössl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Knut Kölbel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dirk Tänzler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - David Nannemann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Christian H. Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Manuel V. Keller
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marian Schneider
- Research Group Artificial Binding Proteins, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
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