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Al-Mutairi DA, Jarragh AA, Alsabah BH, Wein MN, Mohammed W, Alkharafi L. A homozygous SP7/OSX mutation causes osteogenesis and dentinogenesis imperfecta with craniofacial anomalies. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae026. [PMID: 38562913 PMCID: PMC10984723 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous spectrum of hereditary genetic disorders that cause bone fragility, through various quantitative and qualitative defects of type 1 collagen, a triple helix composed of two α1 and one α2 chains encoded by COL1A1 and COL1A2, respectively. The main extra-skeletal manifestations of OI include blue sclerae, opalescent teeth, and hearing impairment. Moreover, multiple genes involved in osteoblast maturation and type 1 collagen biosynthesis are now known to cause recessive forms of OI. In this study a multiplex consanguineous family of two affected males with OI was recruited for genetic screening. To determine the causative, pathogenic variant(s), genomic DNA from two affected family members were analyzed using whole exome sequencing, autozygosity mapping, and then validated with Sanger sequencing. The analysis led to the mapping of a homozygous variant previously reported in SP7/OSX, a gene encoding for Osterix, a transcription factor that activates a repertoire of genes involved in osteoblast and osteocyte differentiation and function. The identified variant (c.946C > T; p.Arg316Cys) in exon 2 of SP7/OSX results in a pathogenic amino acid change in two affected male siblings and develops OI, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and craniofacial anomaly. On the basis of the findings of the present study, SP7/OSX:c. 946C > T is a rare homozygous variant causing OI with extra-skeletal features in inbred Arab populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal A Al-Mutairi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, 13110 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ali A Jarragh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, 13110 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Basel H Alsabah
- Zain Specialized Hospital for Ear, Nose and Throat, 70030 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Wasif Mohammed
- Department of Radiology, Al Sabah Hospital, 13041 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Lateefa Alkharafi
- Cleft and Craniofacial Unit, Farwaniya Specialized Dental Center, Ministry of Health, 13001 Kuwait City, Kuwait
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2
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Bouza C, Losada AP, Fernández C, Álvarez-Dios JA, de Azevedo AM, Barreiro A, Costas D, Quiroga MI, Martínez P, Vázquez S. A comprehensive coding and microRNA transcriptome of vertebral bone in postlarvae and juveniles of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Genomics 2024; 116:110802. [PMID: 38290593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Understanding vertebral bone development is essential to prevent skeletal malformations in farmed fish related to genetic and environmental factors. This is an important issue in Solea senegalensis, with special impact of spinal anomalies in postlarval and juvenile stages. Vertebral bone transcriptomics in farmed fish mainly comes from coding genes, and barely on miRNA expression. Here, we used RNA-seq of spinal samples to obtain the first comprehensive coding and miRNA transcriptomic repertoire for postlarval and juvenile vertebral bone, covering different vertebral phenotypes and egg-incubation temperatures related to skeleton health in S. senegalensis. Coding genes, miRNA and pathways regulating bone development and growth were identified. Differential transcriptomic profiles and suggestive mRNA-miRNA interactions were found between postlarvae and juveniles. Bone-related genes and functions were associated with the extracellular matrix, development and regulatory processes, calcium binding, retinol and lipid metabolism or response to stimulus, including those revealed by the miRNA targets related to signaling, cellular and metabolic processes, growth, cell proliferation and biological adhesion. Pathway enrichment associated with fish skeleton were identified when comparing postlarvae and juveniles: growth and bone development functions in postlarvae, while actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion and proteasome related to bone remodeling in juveniles. The transcriptome data disclosed candidate coding and miRNA gene markers related to bone cell processes, references for functional studies of the anosteocytic bone of S. senegalensis. This study establishes a broad transcriptomic foundation to study healthy and anomalous spines under early thermal conditions across life-stages in S. senegalensis, and for comparative analysis of skeleton homeostasis and pathology in fish and vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bouza
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Ana P Losada
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - José A Álvarez-Dios
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Manuela de Azevedo
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Andrés Barreiro
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Damián Costas
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, ECIMAT, Vigo 36331, Spain
| | - María Isabel Quiroga
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Paulino Martínez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Sonia Vázquez
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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3
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Zhang X, Wang G, Wang W, Ran C, Piao F, Ma Z, Zhang Z, Zheng G, Cao F, Xie H, Cui D, Samuel Okoye C, Yu X, Wang Z, Zhao D. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells paracrine TGF-β1 to mediate the biological activity of osteoblasts in bone repair. Cytokine 2023; 164:156139. [PMID: 36738525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are an important source of seed cells for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering therapy. BMSCs have multiple differentiation potentials and can release paracrine factors to facilitate tissue repair. Although the role of the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs has been fully confirmed, the function and mechanism of BMSC paracrine factors in bone repair are still largely unclear. This study aimed to determine the roles of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) produced by BMSCs in bone tissue repair. METHODS To confirm our hypothesis, we used a Transwell system to coculture hBMSCs and human osteoblast-like cells without contact, which could not only avoid the interference of the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs but also establish the cell-cell relationship between hBMSCs and human osteoblast-like cells and provide stable paracrine substances. In the transwell coculture system, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralized nodule formation, cell migration and chemotaxis analysis assays were conducted. RESULTS Osteogenesis, migration and chemotaxis of osteoblast-like cells were regulated by BMSCs in a paracrine manner via the upregulation of osteogenic and migration-associated genes. A TGF-β receptor I inhibitor (LY3200882) significantly antagonized BMSC-induced biological activity and related gene expression in osteoblast-like cells. Interestingly, coculture with osteoblast-like cells significantly increased the production of TGF-β1 by BMSCs, and there was potential intercellular communication between BMSCs and osteoblast-like cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that the biological mechanism of BMSC-produced TGF-β1 promotes bone regeneration and repair, providing a theoretical basis and new directions for the application of BMSC transplantation in the treatment of osteonecrosis and bone injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Guangkuo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Weidan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China.
| | - Chunxiao Ran
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Fengyuan Piao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Zhijie Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Zhaodong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Guoshuang Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Daping Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Chukwuemeka Samuel Okoye
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China.
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Jiang Y, Zhong Z, Wang M, Zhang X. 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde induces developmental toxicology and decreases bone mineralization in zebrafish larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 254:109254. [PMID: 34971842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to assess the developmental toxicity and effects of 5-HMF in zebrafish as a model organism for toxicology studies. To this end, we treated zebrafish embryos with 1-100 μg/ml 5-HMF and observed bone staining, gene expression, and reactive oxygen species levels in order to investigate the toxicological effects of 5-HMF. The results showed that high concentrations of 5-HMF caused increased mortality and deformity rates in zebrafish larvae, inhibited cartilage development, reduced bone mineralization, increased reactive oxygen species levels, and disrupted the expression of genes related to bone development and reactive oxygen species enzyme activity. The antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine partially rescued the toxicological effects caused by the high concentrations of 5-HMF. Overall, these findings showed that high concentrations of 5-HMF induce reactive oxygen species production, leading to developmental toxicity and decreased bone mineralization. Our results provide a reference for understanding the toxic effects of 5-HMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Zhaomin Zhong
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- Murui Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou Industrial Park, No 11 Jinpu road, Suzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
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Mo J, Au DWT, Wan MT, Shi J, Zhang G, Winkler C, Kong RYC, Seemann F. Multigenerational Impacts of Benzo[ a]pyrene on Bone Modeling and Remodeling in Medaka ( Oryzias latipes). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12271-12284. [PMID: 32840350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ancestral benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (1 μg/L, 21 days) exposure has previously been shown to cause skeletal deformities in medaka (Oryzias latipes) larvae in the F1-F3 generation. However, when and how this deformity is induced during bone development remain to be elucidated. The col10a1:nlGFP/osx:mCherry double transgenic medaka model was employed to determine the temporal and spatial changes of col10a1:nlGFP- positive osteochondral progenitor cells (OPCs) and osx:mCherry-positive premature osteoblasts (POBs) [8 days postfertilization (dpf)-31 dpf] in combination with changes in bone mineralization at the tissue level. Ancestral BaP exposure delayed the development of col10a1:nlGFP- and osx:mCherry-positive osteoblasts and reduced the abundance of col10a1:nlGFP-positive osteoblast progenitors and col10a1:nlGFP/osx:mCherry double-positive premature osteoblasts during critical windows of early vertebral bone formation, associated with reduced bone mineralization in embryos (14 dpf) and larvae (31 dpf), compressed vertebral segments in larvae (31 dpf), and reduced bone thickness in adult male medaka (6 months old) of the F1-F3 generations. Both Col10a1:nlGFP and osx:mCherry were identified as potential targets of epigenetic modifications underlying the transgenerational inheritance of BaP bone toxicity. The present study provides novel knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of transgenerational toxicity of BaP at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhang Mo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Doris Wai-Ting Au
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Miles Teng Wan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jingchun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Richard Yuen-Chong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Branch of the Guangdong Southern Marine Science and Engineering Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Frauke Seemann
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Coastal Studies and Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas 78412, United States
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6
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Wang H, Chen H, Chernick M, Li D, Ying GG, Yang J, Zheng N, Xie L, Hinton DE, Dong W. Selenomethionine exposure affects chondrogenic differentiation and bone formation in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121720. [PMID: 31812480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Excess selenium entering the aquatic environment from anthropogenic activities has been associated with developmental abnormalities in fish including skeletal deformities of the head and spine. However, mechanisms of this developmental toxicity have not been well-characterized. In this study, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to seleno-l-methionine (Se-Met) in a range of concentrations. Gene expression was evaluated for sex-determining region Y (SRY)-related box (Sox9a and Sox9b), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and melatonin receptor (Mtr). Alterations in the length of Meckel's cartilage, tail curvature, and decreased calcification were observed in skeletal stains at 10- and 22-days post-fertilization (dpf). Embryonic exposure of Osterix-mCherry transgenic medaka resulted in fewer teeth. Sox9a and Sox9b were up-regulated, while Runx2 and Mtr were down-regulated by Se-Met prior to hatch. Whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH) localized gene expression to areas observed to be affected in vivo. In addition, Se-Met exposures of a Mtr morpholino (Mtr-MO) as well as Luzindole exposed embryos developed similar skeletal malformations, supporting involvement of Mtr. These findings demonstrate that Se-Met modulates expression of key genes involved in chondrogenic differentiation and bone formation during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Hongxing Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Melissa Chernick
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Dan Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - David E Hinton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Wu Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Tongliao, 028000, China; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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7
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Han DG, Kim DJ. The evolutionary hypothesis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Med Hypotheses 2020; 134:109445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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8
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Chen Z, Song Z, Yang J, Huang J, Jiang H. Sp7/osterix positively regulates dlx2b and bglap to affect tooth development and bone mineralization in zebrafish larvae. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Gopinathan G, Foyle D, Luan X, Diekwisch TGH. The Wnt Antagonist SFRP1: A Key Regulator of Periodontal Mineral Homeostasis. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1004-1014. [PMID: 31215318 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of mammalian periodontal tissues depends on the presence of a nonmineralized periodontal ligament (PDL) juxtaposed in between mineralized tooth anchorage tissues alveolar bone (AB) and root cementum. In the present study we have hypothesized that the Wnt antagonist secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1) is an essential regulator of periodontal tissue mineral homeostasis. Our immunoreactions and western blot data demonstrated that SFRP1 was substantially expressed higher in PDL fibroblasts than in surrounding AB progenitors and cementoblasts. SFRP1 was also detected at higher levels in PDL fibroblasts than in dental follicle (DF) cells, but the difference was less pronounced. Preferential H3K4me3 active histone mark enrichment on the SFRP1 promoter and a lack of H3K27me3 repression were most dramatic in PDL progenitors, to a lesser degree in DF cells, and not detected in AB progenitors and cementoblasts. Selective inhibition of SFRP1 using a small molecule inhibitor WAY-316606 demonstrated that SFRP1 block increased PDL cell mineralization and mineralization gene expression such as β-catenin, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, collagen I, and RUNX2. The effect of SFRP1 inhibition on PDL cell mineral homeostasis was confirmed by RNA silencing. These studies also demonstrated that SFRP1 knockdown promotes PDL differentiation through histone H3K4me3-mediated activation of RUNX2 and SP7. Finally, when SFRP1 inhibition and silencing studies were performed using AB progenitors instead of PDL progenitors, there was little effect on mineralized state control and gene expression, with the exception of osteocalcin, which was dramatically upregulated upon SFRP1 silencing. Together, the results of our study document the highly specific role of the Wnt inhibitor SFRP1 in maintaining the nonmineralized state of PDL progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Gopinathan
- Department of Periodontics, Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Deborah Foyle
- Department of Periodontics, Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xianghong Luan
- Department of Periodontics, Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Thomas G H Diekwisch
- Department of Periodontics, Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
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10
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Zhao D, Liu B, Wang B, Yu W, Li J, Yu X, Cao F, Zheng G, Zhang Y, Liu Y. TGF‑β1 promotes the osteoinduction of human osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K1 signalling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3505-3518. [PMID: 30896852 PMCID: PMC6471541 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) has been suggested to be a candidate cytokine in the field of bone tissue engineering. Cytokines serve important roles in tissue engineering, particularly in the repair of bone damage; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, the effects of TGF-β1 on the osteogenesis and motility of hFOB1.19 human osteoblasts were demonstrated via the phenotype and gene expression of cells. Additionally, the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/S6 kinase 1 (PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K1) signalling pathway in the effects of TGF-β1 on osteoblasts was investigated. It was demonstrated using Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assays that the proliferation of human osteoblasts was promoted by 1 ng/ml TGF-β1. In addition, alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin red staining, scratch-wound and Transwell assays were conducted. It was revealed that osteogenesis and the migration of cells were regulated by TGF-β1 via the upregulation of osteogenic and migration-associated genes. Alterations in the expression of osteogenesis- and migration-associated genes were evaluated following pre-treatment with a PI3K/AKT inhibitor (LY294002) and an mTOR/S6K1 inhibitor (rapamycin), with or without TGF-β1. The results indicated that TGF-β1 affected the osteogenesis and mineralisation of osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Furthermore, TGF-β1 exhibited effects on mTOR/S6K1 downstream of PI3K/AKT. The present study demonstrated that TGF-β1 promoted the proliferation, differentiation and migration of human hFOB1.19 osteoblasts, and revealed that TGF-β1 affected the biological activity of osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K1 signalling pathway. Our findings may provide novel insight to aid the development of bone tissue engineering methods for the treatment of bone injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Baoyi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Benjie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Weiting Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Junlei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China
| | - Guoshuang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
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11
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Thomas ORB, Swearer SE, Kapp EA, Peng P, Tonkin‐Hill GQ, Papenfuss A, Roberts A, Bernard P, Roberts BR. The inner ear proteome of fish. FEBS J 2018; 286:66-81. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen E. Swearer
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Eugene A. Kapp
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Po Peng
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Gerry Q. Tonkin‐Hill
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Anthony Papenfuss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Anne Roberts
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Pascal Bernard
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Blaine R. Roberts
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
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12
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Fiscaletti M, Biggin A, Bennetts B, Wong K, Briody J, Pacey V, Birman C, Munns CF. Novel variant in Sp7/Osx associated with recessive osteogenesis imperfecta with bone fragility and hearing impairment. Bone 2018; 110:66-75. [PMID: 29382611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by low bone density and recurrent fractures with a wide genotypic and phenotypic spectrum. Common features include short stature, opalescent teeth, blue sclerae and hearing impairment. The majority (>90%) of patients with OI have autosomal dominant variants in COL1A1/COL1A2, which lead to defects in type 1 collagen. More recently, numerous recessive variants involving other genes have also been identified. Sp7/Osx gene, is a protein coding gene that encodes a zinc finger transcription factor, osterix, which is a member of the Sp subfamily of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. Osterix is expressed primarily by osteoblasts and has been shown to be vital for bone formation and bone homeostasis by promoting osteoblast differentiation and maturation. In animal models, Sp7/Osx has also been shown to regulate biomineralization of otoliths, calcium carbonate structures found in the inner ear of vertebrates. Until recently, only one report of a boy with an Sp7/Osx pathogenic variant presenting with bone fragility, limb deformities and normal hearing has been described in the literature. We have identified a novel Sp7/Osx variant in another sibship that presented with osteoporosis, low-trauma fractures and short stature. Progressive moderate-to-severe and severe-to-profound hearing loss secondary to otospongiosis and poor mineralization of ossicles and petrous temporal bone was also noted in two of the siblings. A homozygous pathogenic variant in exon 2 of the Sp7/Osx gene was found in all affected relatives; c.946C>T (p.Arg316Cys). Bone biopsies in the proband and his male sibling revealed significant cortical porosity and high trabecular bone turnover. This is the second report to describe children with OI associated with an Sp7/Osx variant. However, it is the first to describe the bone histomorphometry associated with this disorder and identifies a significant hearing loss as a potential feature in this OI subtype. Early audiology screening in these children is therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Fiscaletti
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Andrew Biggin
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce Bennetts
- Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Molecular Genetics Department, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Wong
- Molecular Genetics Department, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie Briody
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Verity Pacey
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Health Professions, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Birman
- Department of ENT and Discipline of Paediatrics and Child health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig F Munns
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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13
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Fernández I, Gavaia PJ, Laizé V, Cancela ML. Fish as a model to assess chemical toxicity in bone. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 194:208-226. [PMID: 29202272 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental toxicology has been expanding as growing concerns on the impact of produced and released chemical compounds over the environment and human health are being demonstrated. Among the toxic effects observed in organisms exposed to pollutants, those affecting skeletal tissues (osteotoxicity) have been somehow overlooked in comparison to hepato-, immune-, neuro- and/or reproductive toxicities. Nevertheless, sub-lethal effects of toxicants on skeletal development and/or bone maintenance may result in impaired growth, reduced survival rate, increased disease susceptibility and diminished welfare. Osteotoxicity may occur by acute or chronic exposure to different environmental insults. Because of biologically and technically advantagous features - easy to breed and inexpensive to maintain, external and rapid rate of development, translucent larvae and the availability of molecular and genetic tools - the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged in the last decade as a vertebrate model system of choice to evaluate osteotoxicity. Different experimental approaches in fish species and analytical tools have been applied, from in vitro to in vivo systems, from specific to high throughput methodologies. Current knowledge on osteotoxicity and underlying mechanisms gained using fish, with a special emphasis on zebrafish systems, is reviewed here. Osteotoxicants have been classified into four categories according to the pathway involved in the transduction of the osteotoxic effects: activation/inhibition of membrane and/or nuclear receptors, alteration of redox condition, mimicking of bone constituents and unknown pathways. Knowledge on these pathways is also reported here as it may provide critical insights into the development, production and release of future chemical compounds with none or low osteotoxicity, thus promoting the green/environmental friendly chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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14
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The sp7 gene is required for maturation of osteoblast-lineage cells in medaka (Oryzias latipes) vertebral column development. Dev Biol 2017; 431:252-262. [PMID: 28899668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sp7 is a zinc finger transcription factor that is essential for osteoblast differentiation in mammals. To verify the characteristic features of osteoblast-lineage cells in teleosts, we established medaka sp7 mutants using a transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) genome editing system. These mutants showed severe defects in the formation of skeletal structures. In particular, the neural and the hemal arches were not formed, although the chordal centra were formed. Analysis of the transgenic medaka revealed that sp7 mutant had normal distribution of type X collagen a1 a (col10a1a)-positive osteoblast-like cells around the centrum and at the proximal region of the vertebral arch. The sp7 mutant phenotype could be rescued by exogenous sp7 expression in col10a1a-positive cells, as well as in sp7-positive osteoblast cells. Furthermore, runx2-positive osteoblast progenitors were observed on the vertebral arches, but not on the centrum, during vertebral column development. In addition, these osteoblast progenitors differentiated into the col10a1a-positive cells. In sp7 mutant, the runx2-positive cells were normally distributed at the region of unformed vertebral arch but failed to differentiate into col10a1a-positive cells. These results indicate that osteoblast-lineage cells undergo two distinct differentiation processes during development of the vertebral arch and the centrum. Nevertheless, our results verified that sp7 gene expression in osteoblast-lineage cells is required for differentiation into mature osteoblasts to form the vertebral column and other skeletal structures.
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15
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Niu P, Zhong Z, Wang M, Huang G, Xu S, Hou Y, Yan Y, Wang H. Zinc finger transcription factor Sp7/Osterix acts on bone formation and regulates col10a1a expression in zebrafish. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:174-184. [PMID: 36659402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sp7/Osterix as a zinc finger transcription factor is expressed specifically in osteoblasts. Embryonic lethality of Sp7 knockout mice, however, has prevented from examining the functions of Sp7 in osteoblast and bone formation in live animals. Here we used TALEN, a versatile genome-editing tool, to generate one zebrafish sp7 mutant line. Homozygous sp7-/- mutant zebrafish are able to survive to adulthood. Alizarin Red staining and Micro-CT analysis showed that sp7-/- larvae and adult fish fail to develop normal opercula, and display curved tail fins and severe craniofacial malformation, while Alcian Blue staining showed no obvious cartilage defects in sp7-/- fish. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that a number of osteoblast markers including spp1, phex, col1ala, and col1a1b are significantly down-regulated in sp7-/- fish. Furthermore, col10a1a, whose ortholog is the cartilage marker in mice, was shown to be a novel downstream gene of Sp7 as an osteoblast marker in zebrafish. Together, these results suggest that Sp7 is required for zebrafish bone development and zebrafish sp7 mutants provide animal models for investigating novel aspects of bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Niu
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhaomin Zhong
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guodong Huang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuhao Xu
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Hou
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yilin Yan
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1254, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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16
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Seemann F, Jeong CB, Zhang G, Wan MT, Guo B, Peterson DR, Lee JS, Au DWT. Ancestral benzo[a]pyrene exposure affects bone integrity in F3 adult fish (Oryzias latipes). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 183:127-134. [PMID: 28061388 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) at an environmentally relevant concentration (1μg/L) has previously been shown to affect bone development in a transgenerational manner in F3 medaka (Oryzias latipes) larvae (17dph). Here, we provide novel histomorphometric data demonstrating that the impaired bone formation at an early life stage is not recoverable and can result in a persistent transgenerational impairment of bone metabolism in F3 adult fish. A decrease in bone thickness and the occurrence of microcracks in ancestrally BaP-treated adult male fish (F3) were revealed by MicroCt measurement and histopathological analysis. The expression of twenty conserved bone miRNAs were screened in medaka and their relative expression (in the F3 ancestral BaP treatment vs the F3 control fish) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Attempt was made to link bone miRNA expression with the potential target bone mRNA expression in medaka. Five functional pairs of mRNA/miRNA were identified (Osx/miR-214, Col2a1b/miR-29b, Runx2/miR-204, Sox9b/miR-199a-3p, APC/miR-27b). Unique knowledge of bone-related miRNA expression in medaka in response to ancestral BaP-exposure in the F3 generation is presented. From the ecological risk assessment perspective, BaP needs to be regarded as a transgenerational skeletal toxicant which exerts a far-reaching impact on fish survival and fitness. Given that the underlying mechanisms of cartilage/bone formation are conserved between medaka and mammals, the results may also shed light on the potential transgenerational effect of BaP on skeletal disorders in mammals/humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Seemann
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Miles Teng Wan
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Baosheng Guo
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Drew Ryan Peterson
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Doris Wai-Ting Au
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong.
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17
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Yu T, Graf M, Renn J, Schartl M, Larionova D, Huysseune A, Witten PE, Winkler C. A vertebrate-specific and essential role for osterix in osteogenesis revealed by gene knockout in the teleost medaka. Development 2016; 144:265-271. [PMID: 27993982 DOI: 10.1242/dev.139550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
osterix (osx; sp7) encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor that controls osteoblast differentiation in mammals. Although identified in all vertebrate lineages, its role in non-mammalian bone formation remains elusive. Here, we show that an osx mutation in medaka results in severe bone defects and larval lethality. Pre-osteoblasts fail to differentiate leading to severe intramembranous and perichondral ossification defects. The notochord sheath mineralizes normally, supporting the idea of an osteoblast-independent mechanism for teleost vertebral centra formation. This study establishes a key role for Osx for bone formation in a non-mammalian species, and reveals conserved and non-conserved features in vertebrate bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingsheng Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Centre for Bioimaging Sciences (CBIS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Martin Graf
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Centre for Bioimaging Sciences (CBIS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Joerg Renn
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Centre for Bioimaging Sciences (CBIS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany.,Texas Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Daria Larionova
- Department of Biology, Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Department of Biology, Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Paul Eckhard Witten
- Department of Biology, Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore .,Centre for Bioimaging Sciences (CBIS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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18
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Watson ATD, Planchart A, Mattingly CJ, Winkler C, Reif DM, Kullman SW. From the Cover: Embryonic Exposure to TCDD Impacts Osteogenesis of the Axial Skeleton in Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes. Toxicol Sci 2016; 155:485-496. [PMID: 28077779 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies from mammalian, fish, and in vitro models have identified bone and cartilage development as sensitive targets for dioxins and other aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands. In this study, we assess how embryonic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorochlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure impacts axial osteogenesis in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), a vertebrate model of human bone development. Embryos from inbred wild-type Orange-red Hd-dR and 3 transgenic medaka lines (twist:EGFP, osx/sp7:mCherry, col10a1:nlGFP) were exposed to 0.15 nM and 0.3 nM TCDD and reared until 20 dpf. Individuals were stained for mineralized bone and imaged using confocal microscopy to assess skeletal alterations in medial vertebrae in combination with a qualitative spatial analysis of osteoblast and osteoblast progenitor cell populations. Exposure to TCDD resulted in an overall attenuation of vertebral ossification characterized by truncated centra, and reduced neural and hemal arch lengths. Effects on mineralization were consistent with modifications in cell number and cell localization of transgene-labeled osteoblast and osteoblast progenitor cells. Endogenous expression of osteogenic regulators runt-related transcription factor 2 (runx2) and osterix (osx/sp7), and extracellular matrix genes osteopontin (spp1), collagen type I alpha I (col1), collagen type X alpha I (col10a1), and osteocalcin (bglap/osc) was significantly diminished at 20 dpf following TCDD exposure as compared with controls. Through global transcriptomic analysis more than 590 differentially expressed genes were identified and mapped to select pathological states including inflammatory disease, connective tissue disorders, and skeletal and muscular disorders. Taken together, results from this study suggest that TCDD exposure inhibits axial bone formation through dysregulation of osteoblast differentiation. This approach highlights the advantages and sensitivity of using small fish models to investigate how xenobiotic exposure may impact skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Planchart
- Department of Biological Sciences.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Carolyn J Mattingly
- Department of Biological Sciences.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - David M Reif
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695.,Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695.,Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Seth W Kullman
- Department of Biological Sciences; .,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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19
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Witten PE, Harris MP, Huysseune A, Winkler C. Small teleost fish provide new insights into human skeletal diseases. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 138:321-346. [PMID: 28129851 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small teleost fish such as zebrafish and medaka are increasingly studied as models for human skeletal diseases. Efficient new genome editing tools combined with advances in the analysis of skeletal phenotypes provide new insights into fundamental processes of skeletal development. The skeleton among vertebrates is a highly conserved organ system, but teleost fish and mammals have evolved unique traits or have lost particular skeletal elements in each lineage. Several unique features of the skeleton relate to the extremely small size of early fish embryos and the small size of adult fish used as models. A detailed analysis of the plethora of interesting skeletal phenotypes in zebrafish and medaka pushes available skeletal imaging techniques to their respective limits and promotes the development of new imaging techniques. Impressive numbers of zebrafish and medaka mutants with interesting skeletal phenotypes have been characterized, complemented by transgenic zebrafish and medaka lines. The advent of efficient genome editing tools, such as TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9, allows to introduce targeted deficiencies in genes of model teleosts to generate skeletal phenotypes that resemble human skeletal diseases. This review will also discuss other attractive aspects of the teleost skeleton. This includes the capacity for lifelong tooth replacement and for the regeneration of dermal skeletal elements, such as scales and fin rays, which further increases the value of zebrafish and medaka models for skeletal research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M P Harris
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - C Winkler
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Kague E, Roy P, Asselin G, Hu G, Simonet J, Stanley A, Albertson C, Fisher S. Osterix/Sp7 limits cranial bone initiation sites and is required for formation of sutures. Dev Biol 2016; 413:160-72. [PMID: 26992365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During growth, individual skull bones overlap at sutures, where osteoblast differentiation and bone deposition occur. Mutations causing skull malformations have revealed some required genes, but many aspects of suture regulation remain poorly understood. We describe a zebrafish mutation in osterix/sp7, which causes a generalized delay in osteoblast maturation. While most of the skeleton is patterned normally, mutants have specific defects in the anterior skull and upper jaw, and the top of the skull comprises a random mosaic of bones derived from individual initiation sites. Osteoblasts at the edges of the bones are highly proliferative and fail to differentiate, consistent with global changes in gene expression. We propose that signals from the bone itself are required for orderly recruitment of precursor cells and growth along the edges. The delay in bone maturation caused by loss of Sp7 leads to unregulated bone formation, revealing a new mechanism for patterning the skull and sutures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kague
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Paula Roy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Garrett Asselin
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Gui Hu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Simonet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Stanley
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Craig Albertson
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Shannon Fisher
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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21
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Zhong Z, Niu P, Wang M, Huang G, Xu S, Sun Y, Xu X, Hou Y, Sun X, Yan Y, Wang H. Targeted disruption of sp7 and myostatin with CRISPR-Cas9 results in severe bone defects and more muscular cells in common carp. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22953. [PMID: 26976234 PMCID: PMC4791634 DOI: 10.1038/srep22953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) as one of the most important aquaculture fishes produces over 3 million metric tones annually, approximately 10% the annual production of the all farmed freshwater fish worldwide. However, the tetraploidy genome and long generation-time of the common carp have made its breeding and genetic studies extremely difficult. Here, TALEN and CRISPR-Cas9, two versatile genome-editing tools, are employed to target common carp bone-related genes sp7, runx2, bmp2a, spp1, opg, and muscle suppressor gene mstn. TALEN were shown to induce mutations in the target coding sites of sp7, runx2, spp1 and mstn. With CRISPR-Cas9, the two common carp sp7 genes, sp7a and sp7b, were mutated individually, all resulting in severe bone defects; while mstnba mutated fish have grown significantly more muscle cells. We also employed CRISPR-Cas9 to generate double mutant fish of sp7a;mstnba with high efficiencies in a single step. These results demonstrate that both TALEN and CRISPR-Cas9 are highly efficient tools for modifying the common carp genome, and open avenues for facilitating common carp genetic studies and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Zhong
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Niu
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guodong Huang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuhao Xu
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaona Xu
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Hou
- School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yilin Yan
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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Seemann F, Peterson DR, Witten PE, Guo BS, Shanthanagouda AH, Ye RR, Zhang G, Au DWT. Insight into the transgenerational effect of benzo[a]pyrene on bone formation in a teleost fish (Oryzias latipes). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 178:60-67. [PMID: 26456900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent cross-generational studies in teleost fish have raised the awareness that high levels of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) could affect skeletal integrity in the directly exposed F0 and their F1-F2. However, no further details were provided about the causes for abnormalities on the molecular and cellular level and the persistence of such sub-organismal impairments at the transgenerational scale (beyond F2). Adult Oryzias latipes were exposed to 1μg/L BaP for 21days. The F1-F3 were examined for skeletal deformities, histopathological alterations of vertebral bodies and differential expression of key genes of bone metabolism. Significant increase of dorsal-ventral vertebral compression was evident in ancestrally exposed larvae. Histopathological analysis revealed abnormal loss of notochord sheath, a lack of notochord epithelial integrity, reduced bone tissue and decreased osteoblast abundance. A significant downregulation of ATF4 and/or osterix and a high biological variability of COL10, coupled with a significant deregulation of SOX9a/b in the F1-F3 suggest that ancestral BaP exposure most likely perturbed chordoblasts, chondroblast and osteoblast differentiation, resulting in defective notochord sheath repair and rendering the vertebral column more vulnerable to compression. The present findings provide novel molecular and cellular insights into BaP-induced transgenerational bone impairment in the unexposed F3. From the ecological risk assessment perspective, BaP needs to be regarded as a transgenerational skeletal toxicant, which exerts a far-reaching impact on fish survival and fitness. Given that basic mechanisms of cartilage/bone formation are conserved between medaka and mammals, the results may also shed light on the potential transgenerational effect of BaP on the genesis of skeletal diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Seemann
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Drew R Peterson
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - P Eckhard Witten
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bao-Sheng Guo
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Adamane H Shanthanagouda
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Rui R Ye
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Doris W T Au
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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