1
|
Rekvig OP. SLE: a cognitive step forward-a synthesis of rethinking theories, causality, and ignored DNA structures. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393814. [PMID: 38895113 PMCID: PMC11183320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is classified by instinctual classification criteria. A valid proclamation is that these formally accepted SLE classification criteria legitimate the syndrome as being difficult to explain and therefore enigmatic. SLE involves scientific problems linked to etiological factors and criteria. Our insufficient understanding of the clinical condition uniformly denoted SLE depends on the still open question of whether SLE is, according to classification criteria, a well-defined one disease entity or represents a variety of overlapping indistinct syndromes. Without rational hypotheses, these problems harm clear definition(s) of the syndrome. Why SLE is not anchored in logic, consequent, downstream interdependent and interactive inflammatory networks may rely on ignored predictive causality principles. Authoritative classification criteria do not reflect consequent causality criteria and do not unify characterization principles such as diagnostic criteria. We need now to reconcile legendary scientific achievements to concretize the delimitation of what SLE really is. Not all classified SLE syndromes are "genuine SLE"; many are theoretically "SLE-like non-SLE" syndromes. In this study, progressive theories imply imperative challenges to reconsider the fundamental impact of "the causality principle". This may offer us logic classification and diagnostic criteria aimed at identifying concise SLE syndromes as research objects. Can a systems science approach solve this problem?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole Petter Rekvig
- Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rekvig OP. The greatest contribution to medical science is the transformation from studying symptoms to studying their causes-the unrelenting legacy of Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur-and a causality perspective to approach a definition of SLE. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1346619. [PMID: 38361929 PMCID: PMC10867267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1346619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The basic initiative related to this study is derived from the fact that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a unique and fertile system science subject. We are, however, still far from understanding its nature. It may be fair to indicate that we are spending more time and resources on studying the complexity of classified SLE than studying the validity of classification criteria. This study represents a theoretical analysis of current instinctual SLE classification criteria based on "the causality principle." The discussion has its basis on the radical scientific traditions introduced by Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur. They announced significant changes in our thinking of disease etiology through the implementation of the modern version of "the causality principle." They influenced all aspects of today's medical concepts and research: the transformation of medical science from studies of symptoms to study their causes, relevant for monosymptomatic diseases as for syndromes. Their studies focused on bacteria as causes of infectious diseases and on how the immune system adapts to control and prevent contagious spreading. This is the most significant paradigm shift in the modern history of medicine and resulted in radical changes in our view of the immune system. They described acquired post-infection immunity and active immunization by antigen-specific vaccines. The paradigm "transformation" has a great theoretical impact also on current studies of autoimmune diseases like SLE: symptoms and their cause(s). In this study, the evolution of SLE classification and diagnostic criteria is discussed from "the causality principle" perspective, and if contemporary SLE classification criteria are as useful as believed today for SLE research. This skepticism is based on the fact that classification criteria are not selected based on cogent causal strategies. The SLE classification criteria do not harmonize with Koch's and Pasteur's causality principle paradigms and not with Witebsky's Koch-derived postulates for autoimmune and infectious diseases. It is not established whether the classification criteria can separate SLE as a "one disease entity" from "SLE-like non-SLE disorders"-the latter in terms of SLE imitations. This is discussed here in terms of weight, rank, and impact of the classification criteria: Do they all originate from "one basic causal etiology"? Probably not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole Petter Rekvig
- Section for Autoimmunity, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roy A, Gauld JW. Sulfilimine bond formation in collagen IV. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:646-657. [PMID: 38116662 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The collagen IV network plays a crucial role in providing structural support and mechanical integrity to the basement membrane and surrounding tissues. A key aspect of this network is the formation of intra- and inter-collagen fibril crosslinks. One particular crosslink, an inter-residue sulfilimine bond, has been found, so far, to be unique to collagen IV. More specifically, these crosslinks are primarily formed between methionine and lysine or hydroxylysine residues and can occur within a single collagen fibril or between different collagen fibrils. Due to its significance as the major crosslink in the collagen IV network, the sulfilimine bond plays critical roles in tissue development and various human diseases. While the proposed reaction mechanism for sulfilimine bond formation is supported by experimental evidence, the precise nature of this bond remained uncertain until computational studies were conducted. The process involves the reaction of hypohalous acids (e.g., HOBr, HOCl), produced by a peroxidasin enzyme in the basement membrane, with the sidechain sulfur of methionine or sidechain nitrogen of lysine/hydroxylysine residues in collagen IV, to form halosulfonium or haloamine intermediates, respectively. The halosulfonium/haloamine then reacts with the sidechain amine/sulfide of the lysine (or hydroxylysine) or methionine respectively, eventually resulting in the formation of the sulfilimine (MetSNLys/Hyl) crosslink. The sulfilimine product formed not only plays a crucial role in physiological processes but also finds applications in various industrial and pharmaceutical contexts. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of existing studies, including our own research, aimed at understanding the reaction mechanism, protonation states, characteristic nature, and dynamic behavior of the sulfilimine bond in collagen IV. The goal is to offer readers an overview of this critically important biochemical bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupom Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - James W Gauld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Callaway DA, Penkala IJ, Zhou S, Knowlton JJ, Cardenas-Diaz F, Babu A, Morley MP, Lopes M, Garcia BA, Morrisey EE. TGF-β controls alveolar type 1 epithelial cell plasticity and alveolar matrisome gene transcription in mice. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172095. [PMID: 38488000 PMCID: PMC10947970 DOI: 10.1172/jci172095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature birth disrupts normal lung development and places infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease disrupting lung health throughout the life of an individual and that is increasing in incidence. The TGF-β superfamily has been implicated in BPD pathogenesis, however, what cell lineage it impacts remains unclear. We show that TGFbr2 is critical for alveolar epithelial (AT1) cell fate maintenance and function. Loss of TGFbr2 in AT1 cells during late lung development leads to AT1-AT2 cell reprogramming and altered pulmonary architecture, which persists into adulthood. Restriction of fetal lung stretch and associated AT1 cell spreading through a model of oligohydramnios enhances AT1-AT2 reprogramming. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal the necessity of TGFbr2 expression in AT1 cells for extracellular matrix production. Moreover, TGF-β signaling regulates integrin transcription to alter AT1 cell morphology, which further impacts ECM expression through changes in mechanotransduction. These data reveal the cell intrinsic necessity of TGF-β signaling in maintaining AT1 cell fate and reveal this cell lineage as a major orchestrator of the alveolar matrisome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Callaway
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
| | - Ian J. Penkala
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
| | - Su Zhou
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Knowlton
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
| | - Fabian Cardenas-Diaz
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Apoorva Babu
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael P. Morley
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mariana Lopes
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward E. Morrisey
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
LeBleu VS, Dai J, Tsutakawa S, MacDonald BA, Alge JL, Sund M, Xie L, Sugimoto H, Tainer J, Zon LI, Kalluri R. Identification of unique α4 chain structure and conserved antiangiogenic activity of α3NC1 type IV collagen in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1046-1060. [PMID: 37002899 PMCID: PMC10524752 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type IV collagen is an abundant component of basement membranes in all multicellular species and is essential for the extracellular scaffold supporting tissue architecture and function. Lower organisms typically have two type IV collagen genes, encoding α1 and α2 chains, in contrast with the six genes in humans, encoding α1-α6 chains. The α chains assemble into trimeric protomers, the building blocks of the type IV collagen network. The detailed evolutionary conservation of type IV collagen network remains to be studied. RESULTS We report on the molecular evolution of type IV collagen genes. The zebrafish α4 non-collagenous (NC1) domain, in contrast with its human ortholog, contains an additional cysteine residue and lacks the M93 and K211 residues involved in sulfilimine bond formation between adjacent protomers. This may alter α4 chain interactions with other α chains, as supported by temporal and anatomic expression patterns of collagen IV chains during the zebrafish development. Despite the divergence between zebrafish and human α3 NC1 domain (endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor, Tumstatin), the zebrafish α3 NC1 domain exhibits conserved antiangiogenic activity in human endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our work supports type IV collagen is largely conserved between zebrafish and humans, with a possible difference involving the α4 chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianli Dai
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan Tsutakawa
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Brian A MacDonald
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph L Alge
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Malin Sund
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liang Xie
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Tainer
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Anders HJ, Kitching AR, Leung N, Romagnani P. Glomerulonephritis: immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:453-471. [PMID: 36635359 PMCID: PMC9838307 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
'Glomerulonephritis' (GN) is a term used to describe a group of heterogeneous immune-mediated disorders characterized by inflammation of the filtration units of the kidney (the glomeruli). These disorders are currently classified largely on the basis of histopathological lesion patterns, but these patterns do not align well with their diverse pathological mechanisms and hence do not inform optimal therapy. Instead, we propose grouping GN disorders into five categories according to their immunopathogenesis: infection-related GN, autoimmune GN, alloimmune GN, autoinflammatory GN and monoclonal gammopathy-related GN. This categorization can inform the appropriate treatment; for example, infection control for infection-related GN, suppression of adaptive immunity for autoimmune GN and alloimmune GN, inhibition of single cytokines or complement factors for autoinflammatory GN arising from inborn errors in innate immunity, and plasma cell clone-directed or B cell clone-directed therapy for monoclonal gammopathies. Here we present the immunopathogenesis of GN and immunotherapies in use and in development and discuss how an immunopathogenesis-based GN classification can focus research, and improve patient management and teaching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - A Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nelson Leung
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Department of Experimental and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Callaway DA, Penkala IJ, Zhou S, Cardenas-Diaz F, Babu A, Morley MP, Lopes M, Garcia BA, Morrisey EE. TGFβ controls alveolar type 1 epithelial cell plasticity and alveolar matrisome gene transcription. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.09.540035. [PMID: 37214932 PMCID: PMC10197675 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.540035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Premature birth disrupts normal lung development and places infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease increasing in incidence which disrupts lung health throughout the lifespan. The TGFβ superfamily has been implicated in BPD pathogenesis, however, what cell lineage it impacts remains unclear. We show that Tgfbr2 is critical for AT1 cell fate maintenance and function. Loss of Tgfbr2 in AT1 cells during late lung development leads to AT1-AT2 cell reprogramming and altered pulmonary architecture, which persists into adulthood. Restriction of fetal lung stretch and associated AT1 cell spreading through a model of oligohydramnios enhances AT1-AT2 reprogramming. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveal the necessity of Tgfbr2 expression in AT1 cells for extracellular matrix production. Moreover, TGFβ signaling regulates integrin transcription to alter AT1 cell morphology, which further impacts ECM expression through changes in mechanotransduction. These data reveal the cell intrinsic necessity of TGFβ signaling in maintaining AT1 cell fate and reveal this cell lineage as a major orchestrator of the alveolar matrisome.
Collapse
|
8
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, Takeno Y, Miyazaki K, Tokunaga Y, Hiramatsu K, Kadota JI. Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease Complicated With Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e32192. [PMID: 36620803 PMCID: PMC9811237 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While both Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung diseases and antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody disease may cause hemoptysis, no case presenting hemoptysis having both diseases has been reported. A woman in her 80s was admitted due to hemoptysis with acute respiratory failure. MAC was isolated from her sputum, and a positive report for anti-GBM antibody was confirmed in screening for hematuria. This patient has been successfully treated with systemic corticosteroid therapy followed by combination chemotherapy against MAC. Although anti-GBM disease is a rare condition, screening might be recommended in case of uncontrollable hemoptysis as MAC lung disease with hematuria.
Collapse
|
9
|
Grewal MK, Adams MD, Valentini RP. Vasculitis and Kidney Disease. Pediatr Clin North Am 2022; 69:1199-1217. [PMID: 36880930 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric vasculitis is a complex group of disorders that commonly presents with multisystem involvement. Renal vasculitis can be isolated to the kidneys or can occur as part of a broader multiorgan vasculitis. Depending on severity, renal vasculitis may present as acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) often associated with hypertension and sometimes with a rapidly deteriorating clinical course. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of therapy are key to preserving kidney function and preventing long-term morbidity and mortality. This review focuses on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment objectives for common forms of renal vasculitis seen in pediatric patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet K Grewal
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, 1280 East Campus Drive, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA
| | - Matthew D Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Rudolph P Valentini
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, 1280 East Campus Drive, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roy A, Gauld JW. Molecular Dynamics Investigation on the Effects of Protonation and Lysyl Hydroxylation on Sulfilimine Cross-links in Collagen IV. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39680-39689. [PMID: 36385809 PMCID: PMC9647856 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Collagen IV networks are an essential component of basement membranes that are important for their structural integrity and thus that of an organism's tissues. Improper functioning of these networks has been associated with several diseases. Cross-links, such as sulfilimine bonds interconnecting NC1 domains, are critical for forming and mechanically stabilizing these collagen IV networks. More specifically, the sulfilimine cross-links form between methionine (Met93) and lysine/hydroxylsine (Lys211/Hyl211) residues of NC1 domains. Therefore, the dynamic nature of the sulfilimine bond in collagen IV is crucial for network formation. To understand the dynamic nature of a neutral and protonated sulfilimine bond in collagen IV, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on four sulfilimine cross-linked systems (i.e., Met93S-NLys211, Met93S-NHLys211 +, Met93S-NHyl211, and Met93S-NHHyl211 +) of collagen IV. The MD results showed that the neutral Met93S-NLys211 system has the smallest protein backbone and showed the cross-linked residues' RMSD value. The conformational change analyses showed that the conformations of the sulfilimine cross-linked residues take on a U-shape for the Met93S-NHyl211 and Met93S-HNHyl211 + systems, whereas the conformations of the sulfilimine cross-linked residues are more open for the Met93S-NLys211, and Met93S-NHLys211 + systems. Protonation is a crucial biochemical process to stabilize the protein structure or the biological cross-links. Furthermore, the protonation of the sulfilimine bond could potentially influence hydrogen bond interaction with near amino acid residues, and according to water distribution analyses, the sulfilimine bond can potentially exist in one or more protonation states.
Collapse
|
11
|
Samuels H, Malov M, Saha Detroja T, Ben Zaken K, Bloch N, Gal-Tanamy M, Avni O, Polis B, Samson AO. Autoimmune Disease Classification Based on PubMed Text Mining. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154345. [PMID: 35893435 PMCID: PMC9369164 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are often co-associated, and about 25% of patients with one AID tend to develop other comorbid AIDs. Here, we employ the power of datamining to predict the comorbidity of AIDs based on their normalized co-citation in PubMed. First, we validate our technique in a test dataset using earlier-reported comorbidities of seven knowns AIDs. Notably, the prediction correlates well with comorbidity (R = 0.91) and validates our methodology. Then, we predict the association of 100 AIDs and classify them using principal component analysis. Our results are helpful in classifying AIDs into one of the following systems: (1) gastrointestinal, (2) neuronal, (3) eye, (4) cutaneous, (5) musculoskeletal, (6) kidneys and lungs, (7) cardiovascular, (8) hematopoietic, (9) endocrine, and (10) multiple. Our classification agrees with experimentally based taxonomy and ranks AID according to affected systems and gender. Some AIDs are unclassified and do not associate well with other AIDs. Interestingly, Alzheimer’s disease correlates well with other AIDs such as multiple sclerosis. Finally, our results generate a network classification of autoimmune diseases based on PubMed text mining and help map this medical universe. Our results are expected to assist healthcare workers in diagnosing comorbidity in patients with an autoimmune disease, and to help researchers in identifying common genetic, environmental, and autoimmune mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Samuels
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (H.S.); (M.M.); (T.S.D.); (K.B.Z.); (N.B.); (M.G.-T.); (O.A.)
| | - Malki Malov
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (H.S.); (M.M.); (T.S.D.); (K.B.Z.); (N.B.); (M.G.-T.); (O.A.)
| | - Trishna Saha Detroja
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (H.S.); (M.M.); (T.S.D.); (K.B.Z.); (N.B.); (M.G.-T.); (O.A.)
| | - Karin Ben Zaken
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (H.S.); (M.M.); (T.S.D.); (K.B.Z.); (N.B.); (M.G.-T.); (O.A.)
| | - Naamah Bloch
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (H.S.); (M.M.); (T.S.D.); (K.B.Z.); (N.B.); (M.G.-T.); (O.A.)
| | - Meital Gal-Tanamy
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (H.S.); (M.M.); (T.S.D.); (K.B.Z.); (N.B.); (M.G.-T.); (O.A.)
| | - Orly Avni
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (H.S.); (M.M.); (T.S.D.); (K.B.Z.); (N.B.); (M.G.-T.); (O.A.)
| | - Baruh Polis
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Abraham O. Samson
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (H.S.); (M.M.); (T.S.D.); (K.B.Z.); (N.B.); (M.G.-T.); (O.A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li S, Liu J, Yuan Y, Lu A, Liu F, Sun L, Shen Q, Wang L. Case report: A study on the de novo KMT2D variant of Kabuki syndrome with Goodpasture's syndrome by whole exome sequencing. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:933693. [PMID: 36090579 PMCID: PMC9459111 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.933693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, skeletal abnormalities, and intellectual disability. KMT2D and KDM6A were identified as the main causative genes. To our knowledge, there exist no cases of KS, which were reported with pneumorrhagia. In this study, a 10-month-old male was diagnosed to have KS with typical facial features, skeletal anomalies, and serious postnatal growth retardation. Whole exome sequencing of the trio family revealed the presence of a de novo KMT2D missense variant (c.15143G > A, p. R5048H). The child was presented to the pediatric emergency department several times because of cough, hypoxemia, and anemia. After performing chest CT and fiberoptic bronchoscopy, we found that the child had a pulmonary hemorrhage. During research on the cause of pulmonary hemorrhage, the patient's anti-GBM antibodies gradually became positive, and the urine microalbumin level was elevated at the age of 12-month-old. After glucocorticoids and immunosuppressant therapy, the patient became much better. But he had recurrent pulmonary hemorrhage at the age of 16 months. Therefore, the patient underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA). However, the DSA showed three abnormal bronchial arteries. This single case expands the phenotypes of patients with KS and Goodpasture's syndrome, which were found to have a de novo KMT2D missense variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuolin Li
- Department of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aizhen Lu
- Department of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanli Shen
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zou G, Lu H, Zhuo L, Zou W, Li W. Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease mediated by IgG and IgA: a case report. Ren Fail 2021; 43:774-778. [PMID: 33913397 PMCID: PMC8901282 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1914658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is a rare autoimmune condition responsible for rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. This disease is usually mediated by IgG autoantibodies against the noncollagenous domain of the α3(IV) collagen chain. In rare cases, IgA or IgM anti-GBM antibodies are involved. This raises the question of whether there are different types of antibody-mediated anti-GBM disease at the same time. Case report A 37-year-old woman with anti-GBM disease mediated by IgG and IgA. The patient developed rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis indicated the presence of IgG and IgA antibodies reactive with a basement membrane component, identified by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay and Western blotting as the α3(IV) collagen chain. After plasmapheresis and immunotherapy (steroids and cyclophosphamide), much improved the massive proteinuria and renal function. Follow up to date, she had normal renal function without proteinuria. Conclusions This is the first case report of anti-GBM disease mediated by IgG and IgA. If the clinical presentation and histopathological findings are suggestive of atypical anti-GBM disease, alternative laboratory tests such as Western blotting analysis can be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guming Zou
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Lu
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhuo
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanzhong Zou
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenge Li
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pokidysheva EN, Seeger H, Pedchenko V, Chetyrkin S, Bergmann C, Abrahamson D, Cui ZW, Delpire E, Fervenza FC, Fidler AL, Fogo AB, Gaspert A, Grohmann M, Gross O, Haddad G, Harris RC, Kashtan C, Kitching AR, Lorenzen JM, McAdoo S, Pusey CD, Segelmark M, Simmons A, Voziyan PA, Wagner T, Wüthrich RP, Zhao MH, Boudko SP, Kistler AD, Hudson BG. Collagen IV α345 dysfunction in glomerular basement membrane diseases. I. Discovery of a COL4A3 variant in familial Goodpasture's and Alport diseases. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100590. [PMID: 33774048 PMCID: PMC8100070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), such as Goodpasture’s disease (GP) and Alport syndrome (AS), are a major cause of chronic kidney failure and an unmet medical need. Collagen IVα345 is an important architectural element of the GBM that was discovered in previous research on GP and AS. How this collagen enables GBM to function as a permselective filter and how structural defects cause renal failure remain an enigma. We found a distinctive genetic variant of collagen IVα345 in both a familial GP case and four AS kindreds that provided insights into these mechanisms. The variant is an 8-residue appendage at the C-terminus of the α3 subunit of the α345 hexamer. A knock-in mouse harboring the variant displayed GBM abnormalities and proteinuria. This pathology phenocopied AS, which pinpointed the α345 hexamer as a focal point in GBM function and dysfunction. Crystallography and assembly studies revealed underlying hexamer mechanisms, as described in Boudko et al. and Pedchenko et al. Bioactive sites on the hexamer surface were identified where pathogenic pathways of GP and AS converge and, potentially, that of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We conclude that the hexamer functions include signaling and organizing macromolecular complexes, which enable GBM assembly and function. Therapeutic modulation or replacement of α345 hexamer could therefore be a potential treatment for GBM diseases, and this knock-in mouse model is suitable for developing gene therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Pokidysheva
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Harald Seeger
- Nephrology Division, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vadim Pedchenko
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sergei Chetyrkin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Department of Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Medizinische Genetik Mainz, Limbach Genetics, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dale Abrahamson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Zhao Wei Cui
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fernando C Fervenza
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron L Fidler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ariana Gaspert
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maik Grohmann
- Medizinische Genetik Mainz, Limbach Genetics, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Gross
- Clinic of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - George Haddad
- Nephrology Division, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Clifford Kashtan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Minnesota Medical School and Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - A Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department Medicine, Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Johan M Lorenzen
- Nephrology Division, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen McAdoo
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Charles D Pusey
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marten Segelmark
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alicia Simmons
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul A Voziyan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timo Wagner
- Medizinische Genetik Mainz, Limbach Genetics, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf P Wüthrich
- Nephrology Division, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Sergei P Boudko
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andreas D Kistler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Luan D, Zhao Z, Xia D, Zheng Q, Gao X, Xu K, Tang B. Hydrogen selenide, a vital metabolite of sodium selenite, uncouples the sulfilimine bond and promotes the reversal of liver fibrosis. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:443-451. [PMID: 32880866 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sodium selenite has alleviating effects on liver fibrosis; however, its therapeutic molecular mechanism remains unclear. Herein, hydrogen selenide, a major metabolite of Na2SeO3, was tested to uncouple the sulfilimine bond in collagen IV, the biomarker of liver fibrosis. A mouse model of liver fibrosis was constructed via a CCl4-induced method, followed by the administration of 0.2 mg kg-1 Na2SeO3 via gavage three times per week for 4 weeks. Changes in H2Se, NADPH, and H2O2 levels were monitored in real time by using NIR-H2Se, DCI-MQ-NADPH, and H2O2 probes in vivo, respectively. H2Se continuously accumulated in the liver throughout the Na2SeO3 treatment period, but the levels of NADPH and H2O2 decreased. The expression of collagen IV was analyzed through Western blot and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results confirmed that the sulfilimine bond of collagen IV in the fibrotic mouse livers could be broken by H2Se with the Na2SeO3 treatment. Therefore, the therapeutic effect of Na2SeO3 on liver fibrosis could be mainly attributed to H2Se that uncoupled the sulfilimine bond to induce collagen IV degradation. This study provided a reasonable explanation for the molecular mechanism of the in vivo function of Na2SeO3 and the prevention of liver fibrosis by administering inorganic selenium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongrui Luan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zengteng Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Dandan Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiuling Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaonan Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Kehua Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu Y, Kirchner M. Collagen Mimetic Peptides. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:5. [PMID: 33466358 PMCID: PMC7824840 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their first synthesis in the late 1960s, collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) have been used as a molecular tool to study collagen, and as an approach to develop novel collagen mimetic biomaterials. Collagen, a major extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, plays vital roles in many physiological and pathogenic processes. Applications of CMPs have advanced our understanding of the structure and molecular properties of a collagen triple helix-the building block of collagen-and the interactions of collagen with important molecular ligands. The accumulating knowledge is also paving the way for developing novel CMPs for biomedical applications. Indeed, for the past 50 years, CMP research has been a fast-growing, far-reaching interdisciplinary field. The major development and achievement of CMPs were documented in a few detailed reviews around 2010. Here, we provided a brief overview of what we have learned about CMPs-their potential and their limitations. We focused on more recent developments in producing heterotrimeric CMPs, and CMPs that can form collagen-like higher order molecular assemblies. We also expanded the traditional view of CMPs to include larger designed peptides produced using recombinant systems. Studies using recombinant peptides have provided new insights on collagens and promoted progress in the development of collagen mimetic fibrillar self-assemblies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nahhal S, Halawi A, Basma H, Jibai A, Ajami Z. Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease as a Potential Complication of COVID-19: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Cureus 2020; 12:e12089. [PMID: 33489507 PMCID: PMC7805497 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 outbreak has started, many reports showed that COVID-19 does not affect only the respiratory system but can alter multiple organs including kidneys. Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (anti-GBM) is a systemic disease affecting mainly kidneys and lungs. It can sometimes be triggered by a respiratory infection such as influenza however the mechanism is not clear yet. We describe a novel case of Anti-GBM disease possibly complicating COVID-19. We report a case of a 63-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital for fever and myalgia and was found to have COVID-19. During hospitalization, he developed kidney injury along with pulmonary hemorrhage and was found to have anti-GBM antibodies. Our patient was treated as a case of Anti-GBM disease potentially triggered by COVID-19. Hence, the anti-GBM disease could be a potential complication of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nahhal
- Internal Medicine, Lebanese University Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, LBN
| | - Ahmad Halawi
- Internal Medicine, Lebanese University Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, LBN
| | - Hadil Basma
- Internal Medicine, Lebanese University Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, LBN
| | - Ali Jibai
- Nephrology, Bahman Hospital, Beirut, LBN
| | - Zeinab Ajami
- Nephrology, Lebanese University Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, LBN
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Negron A, Stüve O, Forsthuber TG. Ectopic Lymphoid Follicles in Multiple Sclerosis: Centers for Disease Control? Front Neurol 2020; 11:607766. [PMID: 33363512 PMCID: PMC7753025 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.607766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While the contribution of autoreactive CD4+ T cells to the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is widely accepted, the advent of B cell-depleting monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies has shed new light on the complex cellular mechanisms underlying MS pathogenesis. Evidence supports the involvement of B cells in both antibody-dependent and -independent capacities. T cell-dependent B cell responses originate and take shape in germinal centers (GCs), specialized microenvironments that regulate B cell activation and subsequent differentiation into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) or memory B cells, a process for which CD4+ T cells, namely follicular T helper (TFH) cells, are indispensable. ASCs carry out their effector function primarily via secreted Ig but also through the secretion of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Memory B cells, in addition to being capable of rapidly differentiating into ASCs, can function as potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to cognate memory CD4+ T cells. Aberrant B cell responses are prevented, at least in part, by follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells, which are key suppressors of GC-derived autoreactive B cell responses through the expression of inhibitory receptors and cytokines, such as CTLA4 and IL-10, respectively. Therefore, GCs represent a critical site of peripheral B cell tolerance, and their dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. In MS patients, the presence of GC-like leptomeningeal ectopic lymphoid follicles (eLFs) has prompted their investigation as potential sources of pathogenic B and T cell responses. This hypothesis is supported by elevated levels of CXCL13 and circulating TFH cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients, both of which are required to initiate and maintain GC reactions. Additionally, eLFs in post-mortem MS patient samples are notably devoid of TFR cells. The ability of GCs to generate and perpetuate, but also regulate autoreactive B and T cell responses driving MS pathology makes them an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we will summarize the evidence from both humans and animal models supporting B cells as drivers of MS, the role of GC-like eLFs in the pathogenesis of MS, and mechanisms controlling GC-derived autoreactive B cell responses in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin Negron
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Neurology Section, Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Thomas G Forsthuber
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rekvig OP. Autoimmunity and SLE: Factual and Semantic Evidence-Based Critical Analyses of Definitions, Etiology, and Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:569234. [PMID: 33123142 PMCID: PMC7573073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.569234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One cannot discuss anti-dsDNA antibodies and lupus nephritis without discussing the nature of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is insistently described as a prototype autoimmune syndrome, with anti-dsDNA antibodies as a central biomarker and a pathogenic factor. The two entities, “SLE” and “The Anti-dsDNA Antibody,” have been linked in previous and contemporary studies although serious criticism to this mutual linkage have been raised: Anti-dsDNA antibodies were first described in bacterial infections and not in SLE; later in SLE, viral and parasitic infections and in malignancies. An increasing number of studies on classification criteria for SLE have been published in the aftermath of the canonical 1982 American College of Rheumatology SLE classification sets of criteria. Considering these studies, it is surprising to observe a nearby complete absence of fundamental critical/theoretical discussions aimed to explain how and why the classification criteria are linked in context of etiology, pathogenicity, or biology. This study is an attempt to prioritize critical comments on the contemporary definition and classification of SLE and of anti-dsDNA antibodies in context of lupus nephritis. Epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, and measures of therapy efficacy are implemented as problems in the present discussion. In order to understand whether or not disparate clinical SLE phenotypes are useful to determine its basic biological processes accounting for the syndrome is problematic. A central problem is discussed on whether the clinical role of anti-dsDNA antibodies from principal reasons can be accepted as a biomarker for SLE without clarifying what we define as an anti-dsDNA antibody, and in which biologic contexts the antibodies appear. In sum, this study is an attempt to bring to the forum critical comments on the contemporary definition and classification of SLE, lupus nephritis and anti-dsDNA antibodies. Four concise hypotheses are suggested for future science at the end of this analytical study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole Petter Rekvig
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu P, Xie X, Jin J. Isotopic Nitrogen-15 Labeling of Mice Identified Long-lived Proteins of the Renal Basement Membranes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5317. [PMID: 32210336 PMCID: PMC7093503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is comprised of highly complex structures that rely on self-maintenance for their functions, and tissue repair and regeneration in renal diseases. We devised a proteomics assay to measure the turnover of individual proteins in mouse kidney. Mice were metabolically labeled with a specially formulated chow containing nitrogen-15 (15N) with the absence of normal 14N atoms. Newly synthesized proteins with 15N contents were distinguished from their 14N counterparts by mass spectrometry. In total, we identified over 4,000 proteins from the renal cortex with a majority of them contained only 15N. About 100 proteins had both 14N- and 15N-contents. Notably, the long-lived proteins that had large 14N/15N ratios were mostly matrix proteins. These included proteins such as type IV and type VI collagen, laminin, nidogen and perlecan/HSPG2 that constitute the axial core of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). In contrast, the surface lamina rara proteins such as agrin and integrin had much shorter longevity, suggesting their faster regeneration cycle. The data illustrated matrix proteins that constitute the basement membranes in the renal cortex are constantly renewed in an ordered fashion. In perspective, the global profile of protein turnover is usefully in understanding the protein-basis of GBM maintenance and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Xinfang Xie
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Passi A, Vigetti D, Buraschi S, Iozzo RV. Dissecting the role of hyaluronan synthases in the tumor microenvironment. FEBS J 2019; 286:2937-2949. [PMID: 30974514 PMCID: PMC6716524 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is becoming a crucial factor in determining the aggressiveness of neoplastic cells. The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan is one of the principal constituents of both the tumor stroma and the cancer cell surfaces, and its accumulation can dramatically influence patient survival. Hyaluronan functions are dictated by its ability to interact with several signaling receptors that often activate pro-angiogenic and pro-tumorigenic intracellular pathways. Although hyaluronan is a linear, non-sulfated polysaccharide, and thus lacks the ability of the other sulfated glycosaminoglycans to bind and modulate growth factors, it compensates for this by the ability to form hyaluronan fragments characterized by a remarkable variability in length. Here, we will focus on the role of both high and low molecular weight hyaluronan in controlling the hallmarks of cancer cells, including cell proliferation, migration, metabolism, inflammation, and angiogenesis. We will critically assess the multilayered regulation of HAS2, the most critical hyaluronan synthase, and its role in cancer growth, metabolism, and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Simone Buraschi
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Iron Homeostasis in the Lungs-A Balance between Health and Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12010005. [PMID: 30609678 PMCID: PMC6469191 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong mechanistic link between the regulation of iron homeostasis and oxygen sensing is evident in the lung, where both systems must be properly controlled to maintain lung function. Imbalances in pulmonary iron homeostasis are frequently associated with respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and with lung cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms causing alterations in iron levels and the involvement of iron in the development of lung disorders are incompletely understood. Here, we review current knowledge about the regulation of pulmonary iron homeostasis, its functional importance, and the link between dysregulated iron levels and lung diseases. Gaining greater knowledge on how iron contributes to the pathogenesis of these diseases holds promise for future iron-related therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
23
|
Luan D, Gao X, Kong F, Song X, Zheng A, Liu X, Xu K, Tang B. Cyclic Regulation of the Sulfilimine Bond in Peptides and NC1 Hexamers via the HOBr/H 2Se Conjugated System. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9523-9528. [PMID: 29938494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The sulfilimine bond (-S═N-), found in the collagen IV scaffold, significantly stabilizes the architecture via the formation of sulfilimine cross-links. However, precisely governing the formation and breakup process of the sulfilimine bond in living organisms for better life functions still remains a challenge. Hence, we established a new way to regulate the breaking and formation of the sulfilimine bond through hydrogen selenide (H2Se) and hypobromous acid (HOBr), which can be easily controlled at simulated physiological conditions. This novel strategy provides a circulation regulation system to modulate the sulfilimine bond in peptides and NC1 hexamers, which can offer a substantial system for further study of the physiological function of collagen IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongrui Luan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fanpeng Kong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Aishan Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kehua Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|