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Kovács B, Petridis L, Négyesi J, Sebestyén Ö, Jingyi Y, Zhang J, Gu Y, Tihanyi J. An Acute Transition from Rearfoot to Forefoot Strike does not Induce Major Changes in Plantarflexor Muscles Activation for Habitual Rearfoot Strike Runners. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:512-525. [PMID: 37711699 PMCID: PMC10499148 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Footstrike pattern has received increased attention within the running community because there is a common belief that forefoot strike running (FFS) is more advantageous (i.e., improve performance and reduce running injuries) than rearfoot strike running (RFS) in distance running. Literature reports suggest greater knee joint flexion magnitude and initial knee angle during stance in FFS compared with RFS running We examined the EMG activation of the triceps surae muscles during an acute transition from RFS to FFS strike. We tested the hypothesis that due to larger knee flexion in FFS the gastrocnemius muscles possibly decrease their EMG activity because muscle fascicles operate under unfavorable conditions. Fourteen competitive healthy middle- and long-distance runners who were habitual RFS runners ran on a treadmill at three speeds: 12, 14, and 16 km·h-1. Each running speed was performed with both FFS and RFS patterns. Lower limb kinematics in the sagittal plane and normalized electromyography (EMG) activity of medial gastrocnemius proximal, middle and distal regions, lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were compared between footstrike patterns and running speeds across the stride cycle. Contrary to our expectations, the knee joint range of motion was similar in FFS and RFS running. However, the sagittal plane ankle joint motion was greater (p < 0.01) while running with FFS, resulting in a significantly greater muscle-tendon unit lengthening (p < 0.01) in FFS compared with RFS running. In addition, medial and lateral gastrocnemius showed higher EMG activity in FFS compared with RFS running in the late swing and early stance but only for a small percentage of the stride cycle. However, strike patterns and running speed failed to induce region-specific activation differences within the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Overall, well-trained RFS runners are able to change to FFS running by altering only the ankle joint kinematics without remarkably changing the EMG activity pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Kovács
- Ningbo University, Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo, China
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sport Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Leonidas Petridis
- Research Centre for Sport Physiology, Hungarian University of Sport Sciences, Hungary
| | - János Négyesi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Örs Sebestyén
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sport Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ye Jingyi
- Ningbo University, Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Radiology, HwaMei Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Ningbo University, Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo, China
| | - József Tihanyi
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sport Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Castro J, Pedrosa T, de Castro I, Swash M, de Carvalho M. Mirror movements - A simple algorithm for mirror activity signal processing and normative values. Neurosci Lett 2023; 803:137186. [PMID: 36921667 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Mirror activity is an involuntary activation of a muscle when the respective contralateral muscle is contracting. This phenomenon has been described primarily in children and in disease states, and, more recently, also in healthy adults. Different ways of assessing mirror activity have been described. In this work we propose a simple protocol for quantifying the amount of mirror activity during a brief isolated full force isometric contraction of a given muscle. The signal was analyzed by a custom-built algorithm that detects the beginning and the end of muscle contraction. The amount of EMG signal on the mirror muscle in relation to the amount of EMG signal of the active muscle is then calculated. We studied 57 right-handed healthy subjects. Mirror activity was evaluated in the Abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles during a 2-3 s full force isometric contraction. The intensity of mirror movement was represented as a percentage of the signal from maximal voluntary contraction. The performance of the algorithm for the detection of the beginning of muscle contraction was very good, when compared to 2 human operators. Intraclass correlation coefficient was excellent (0.998). The Bland-Altman plots showed similar performances of the algorithm and the human operators. We found a significant correlation of mirror activity with intensity and age. There was significantly more intense mirror activity in the left limbs (non-dominant) when compared to the right limbs. The upper limits of normality for mirror EMG signal was 27.4% for right ADM, 15.4% for left ADM, 10.4% for right TA and 2.1% for left TA. This simple protocol allows for an objective measurement of the amount of mirror activity. We propose this technique for investigation of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Castro
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Tomás Pedrosa
- Departamento de Bioengenharia, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel de Castro
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michael Swash
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
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Malik RJ, Waris A, Gilani SO, Iqbal J, Kashif AS, Kamboh HM, Ghafoor MF. The effects of surface inclination on gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis anterior muscle activation during gait. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2023; 36:181-186. [PMID: 35964168 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-210371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inclined walking is associated with multiple musculoskeletal benefits and is considered a therapeutic exercise. Various patterns of increased and decreased muscle activation with inclined surfaces have been observed in normal muscles, with more focus on the proximal lower limb musculature. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the differences in electromyographic activation of gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis anterior at various inclined surfaces during gait. METHODS Fourteen healthy male participants aged between 17-30 years walked at a self-selected speed at motor driven treadmill on 0, 2 and 4 degrees of inclination. EMG activity of the muscles was recorded using the Delsys Trigno surface EMG system. RESULTS Results showed that muscular activation of tibialis anterior significantly decreased with increase in the level of inclination (p< 0.05). However, soleus, gastrocnemius medialis and gastrocnemius lateralis showed no significant differences (p> 0.05) in their muscular activation, and no noticeable trends were found. Furthermore, no significant difference was found between all the muscles at ground level and inclined level 2 and 4. CONCLUSION These differences in activation patterns found in distal extremity can be useful for designing rehabilitation protocols in sports training and for patients with neurological and musculoskeletal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Javed Malik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Waris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Omer Gilani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javaid Iqbal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amer Sohail Kashif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamid M Kamboh
- College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fazeel Ghafoor
- Department of Robotic and Intelligent Machines Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Tsao L, Kim S, Ma L, Nussbaum MA. An exploratory study comparing three work/rest schedules during simulated repetitive precision work. ERGONOMICS 2021; 64:1579-1594. [PMID: 34224340 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1950844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pattern of work and rest can influence both physical fatigue and task performance in manual operations. However, there is relatively limited evidence regarding the influences of specific work/rest schedules in tasks requiring high repetitiveness and precision demands, along with relatively low exertion levels. Eighteen participants completed an exploratory study that simulated such tasks, to compare the effects of three distinct work/rest schedules (i.e. short frequent [short] and long infrequent breaks [long], and a self-selected schedule) on muscle fatigue, task performance (in terms of accuracy and speed), and preference. Schedules with long or self-selected breaks generally induced less muscle fatigue, compared with the short break condition. Participants preferred the self-selected condition the most and the long-break condition the least. The different schedules tested did not influence task performance. A self-selected schedule may be beneficial for repetitive precision task, to achieve a balance across muscle fatigue, task performance, and individual preference. Practitioner summary: Influences of three work/rest schedules (i.e. short and long breaks, and a self-selected schedule) on fatigue, performance, and preference were explored during repetitive precision tasks. Schedules with long or self-selected breaks induced less muscle fatigue and none of the three schedules influenced performance. A self-selected schedule was the most preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxing Tsao
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Teaching Center for Writing and Communication, School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sunwook Kim
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Maury A Nussbaum
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Physiotherapy Rehabilitation in Subjects Diagnosed with Subacromial Impingement Syndrome Does Not Normalize Periscapular and Rotator Cuff Muscle Onset Time of Activation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18178952. [PMID: 34501542 PMCID: PMC8430487 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18178952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinicians suggest that rehabilitation of Subacromial Impingement Syndrome (SIS) should target improving movement patterns to ensure better clinical outcomes. Understanding changes in onset time of activation patterns and associated changes in clinical outcomes could improve our understanding of rehabilitation strategies. In this prospective longitudinal study, we examined neuromuscular firing patterns and clinical features before and after a standardized physiotherapy program in subjects diagnosed with SIS. Electromyography (EMG) recordings of eleven shoulder muscles were taken at the initial and discharge consultation in 34 male volunteers diagnosed with SIS. EMG recording was performed during flexion, scaption, and abduction at slow, medium, and fast speeds with a loaded (3 kg) and unloaded arm, as well as rotational motion, rotational strength, pain, and shoulder function. Completion of standardized shoulder physiotherapy program for SIS resulted in improvements in clinical outcomes. Resulted showed inconsistent differences of onset time of activation mainly in some of the periscapular muscles for all movements. No differences were seen on the EMG recordings for rotator cuff muscles. Differences in range of motion, strength and function were shown. Despite some changes in onset time of activation, this study was not able to demonstrate consistent changes of onset time of activation of the periscapular and rotator cuff muscles.
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Ortega-Cebrián S, Bagur-Calafat C, Whiteley R, Navarro R, Monné-Guasch L, Girabent-Farrés M. Subacromial Impingment Syndrome does not alter muscle onset activation patterns during shoulder cardinal movement at different speed and load. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2020; 48:102161. [PMID: 32560865 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examines neuromuscular firing patterns in healthy and subjects diagnosed with SIS of the periscapular, prime-moving, and rotator cuff muscles during "clinical" cardinal plane physiological movements at different speeds and loads. EMG recordings were taken in 34 healthy and 34 subjects diagnosed with Subacromial Impingement Syndrome (SIS) of the prime movers, periscapular, and rotator cuff muscles during flexion, scaption, and abduction performed at fast, medium, and slow speeds with a loaded (3 kg) and unloaded arm. Differences in firing patterns between groups were analyzed by fitting mixed linear models with random intercepts per subject, and fixed factors for group, muscle, movement type, speed, and load. No difference in timing of activation was seen between the healthy and SIS. Onset timing of prime movers, periscapular, and rotator cuff muscles were prior to movement in all scenarios studied, with rotator cuff muscles firing last. Speed and load appear to independently vary muscle activation timing in a non-intuitive manner in both healthy and SIS. The lack of different firing neuromuscular patterns in subjects diagnosed with SIS and healthy subjects raises the need to consider individual assessment of motor patterns rather than generalized patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ortega-Cebrián
- Physiotherapy Department, Aspetar Qatar Sport Medicine Hospital, Sport City Street, Al Buwaira St, Doha, Qatar; Physiotherapy Department. Universitat Internacional Catalunya (UIC), Facultat Fisioteràpia Josep Trueta s/n, 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Physiotherapy Department, F.C.Barcelona, Ciutat Esportiva Joan Gamper, Av. Onze setembre, S/n, 08970, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Caritat Bagur-Calafat
- Physiotherapy Department. Universitat Internacional Catalunya (UIC), Facultat Fisioteràpia Josep Trueta s/n, 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodney Whiteley
- Physiotherapy Department, Aspetar Qatar Sport Medicine Hospital, Sport City Street, Al Buwaira St, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramon Navarro
- Physiotherapy Department, F.C.Barcelona, Ciutat Esportiva Joan Gamper, Av. Onze setembre, S/n, 08970, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Monné-Guasch
- Physiotherapy Department. Universitat Internacional Catalunya (UIC), Facultat Fisioteràpia Josep Trueta s/n, 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monserrat Girabent-Farrés
- Department of Physioterapy, School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
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Yin G, Zhang X, Chen D, Li H, Chen J, Chen C, Lemos S. Processing Surface EMG Signals for Exoskeleton Motion Control. Front Neurorobot 2020; 14:40. [PMID: 32765250 PMCID: PMC7381241 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2020.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface electromyography (sEMG) signal has been used for volitional control of robotic assistive devices. There are still challenges in improving system performance accuracy and signal processing to remove systematic noise. This study presents procedures and a pilot validation of the EMG-driven speed-control of exoskeleton and integrated treadmill with a goal to provide better interaction between a user and the system. The gait cycle duration (GCD) was extracted from sEMG signals using the autocorrelation algorithm and Bayesian fusion algorithm. GCDs of various walking speeds were then programmed to control the motion speed of exoskeleton robotic system. The performance and efficiency of this sEMG-controlled robotic assistive ambulation system was tested and validated among 6 healthy volunteers. The results demonstrated that the autocorrelation algorithm extracted the GCD from individual muscle contraction. The GCDs of individual muscles had variability between different walking steps under a designated walking speed. Bayesian fusion algorithms processed the GCDs of multiple muscles yielding a final GCD with the least variance. The fused GCD effectively controlled the motion speeds of exoskeleton and treadmill. The higher amplitude of EMG signals with shorter GCD was found during a faster walking speed. The algorithms using fused GCDs and gait stride length yielded trajectory joint motion tracks in a shape of sine curve waveform. The joint angles of the exoskeleton measured by a decoder mounted on the hip turned out to be in sine waveforms. The hip joint motion track of the exoskeleton matched the angles projected by trajectory curve generated by computer algorithms based on the fused GCDs with high agreement. The EMG-driven speed-control provided the human-machine inter-limb coordination mechanisms for an intuitive speed control of the exoskeleton-treadmill system at the user's intents. Potentially the whole system can be used for gait rehabilitation of incomplete spinal cord hemispheric stroke patients as goal-directed and task-oriented training tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Yin
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Robotic Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hanzhe Li
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | | | - Chaoyang Chen
- Robotic Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sport Medicine, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Stephen Lemos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sport Medicine, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
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Tsao L, Nussbaum MA, Kim S, Ma L. Modelling performance during repetitive precision tasks using wearable sensors: a data-driven approach. ERGONOMICS 2020; 63:831-849. [PMID: 32321375 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1759700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In modern manufacturing systems, especially assembly lines, human input is a critical resource to provide dexterity and flexibility. However, the repetitive precision tasks common in assembly lines can have adverse effects on workers and overall system performance. We present a data-driven approach to evaluating task performance using wearable sensor data (kinematics, electromyography and heart rate). Eighteen participants (gender-balanced) completed repeated cycles of maze tracking and assembly/disassembly. Various combinations of input data types and classification algorithms were used to model task performance. The use of the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) algorithm and kinematic data provided the most promising classification performance. The highest model accuracy was found using the LDA algorithm and all data types, with respective levels of 62.4, 88.6, 85.8 and 94.1% for predicting maze errors, maze speed, assembly/disassembly errors and assembly/disassembly speed. The presented approach provides the possibility for real-time, on-line and comprehensive monitoring of system performance in assembly-lines or similar industries. Practitioner summary: This paper proposed models the repetitive precision task performance using data collected from wearable sensors. The use of the LDA algorithm and kinematic data provided the most promising classification performance. The presented approach provides the possibility for real-time, on-line and comprehensive monitoring of system performance in assembly lines or similar industries. Abbreviations: AD: anterior deltoid; BB: biceps brachii; ECR: extensor carpi radialis; ECU: extensor carpi ulnaris; FCR: flexor carpi radialis; FCU: flexor carpi ulnaris; FN: false negatives; FP: false positives; HR: heart rate; HRR: heart rate reserve; IMUs: inertial measurement units; kNN: k-nearest neighbors; LDA: linear discriminant analysis; MD: medial deltoid; MF: median power frequency; MNF: mean power frequency; MVIC: maximum voluntary isometric contraction; nRMS: normalized root-mean-square amplitudes; PD: posterior deltoid; RandFor: random forests; RHR: resting heart rate; RMS: root-mean-square amplitudes; sEMG: surface electromyographic; SVM: support vector machines; TB: triceps brachii medial; TN: true negatives; TP: true positives; t-SNE: t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding; UT: upper trapezius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxing Tsao
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Maury A Nussbaum
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sunwook Kim
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Shoulder muscle onset timing during clinical assessment movements is the same in elite handball players as non-athletes: Implications for clinical assessment. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 37:64-68. [PMID: 30878904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines neuromuscular firing patterns in overhead athletes and non-athletes of the periscapular, prime-moving, and rotator cuff muscles during "clinical" cardinal plane physiological movements. DESIGN Cohort prospective study. SETTING EMG recordings were taken of the periscapular, prime-moving, and rotator cuff muscles during flexion, scaption, and abduction performed at fast, medium, and slow speeds with a loaded (3 kg) and unloaded arm. PARTICIPANTS 14 Handball players and 20 non-athletes. Differences in firing patterns between groups were analyzed by fitting mixed linear models with random intercepts per subject, and fixed factors for group, muscle, movement type, speed, and load. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES No difference in timing of activation was seen between the professional athletes and non-athletes. RESULTS Speed and load appear to independently vary muscle activation timing in a non-intuitive manner in both athletes and non-athletes. Onset timing of periscapular, prime movers and rotator cuff muscles are prior to movement in all scenarios studied, with rotator cuff muscles firing last. CONCLUSIONS Onset activation patterns in overhead athletes are not different to non-athletes during cardinal plane movements.
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Influence of Parameter Selection in Fixed Sample Entropy of Surface Diaphragm Electromyography for Estimating Respiratory Activity. ENTROPY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/e19090460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Januario LB, Moreira RDFC, Cid MM, Samani A, Madeleine P, Oliveira AB. Effects of active pause pattern of surface electromyographic activity among subjects performing monotonous tasks: A systematic review. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016; 30:196-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Litzenberger S, Mally F, Sabo A. Biomechanics of elite recumbent handcycling: a case study. SPORTS ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12283-016-0206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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