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Gong Y, Wang H, Luo J, Chen J, Qu Z. Research Progress of Bioinspired Structural Color in Camouflage. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2564. [PMID: 38893828 PMCID: PMC11173615 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Bioinspired structural color represents a burgeoning field that draws upon principles, strategies, and concepts derived from biological systems to inspire the design of novel technologies or products featuring reversible color changing mechanisms, with significant potential applications for camouflage, sensors, anticounterfeiting, etc. This mini-review focuses specifically on the research progress of bioinspired structural color in the realm of camouflage. Firstly, it discusses fundamental mechanisms of coloration in biological systems, encompassing pigmentation, structural coloration, fluorescence, and bioluminescence. Subsequently, it delineates three modulation strategies-namely, photonic crystals, film interference, and plasmonic modulation-that contribute to the development of bioinspired structural color materials or devices. Moreover, the review critically assesses the integration of bioinspired structural color materials with environmental contexts, with a particular emphasis on their application in camouflage. Finally, the paper outlines persisting challenges and suggests future development trends in the camouflage field via bioinspired structural color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China;
| | - Haibin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China;
| | - Jianxin Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China;
| | - Jiwei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China;
| | - Zhengyao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
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Hou J, Aydemir BE, Dumanli AG. Understanding the structural diversity of chitins as a versatile biomaterial. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200331. [PMID: 34334022 PMCID: PMC8326827 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers, and it has adopted many different structural conformations using a combination of different natural processes like biopolymerization, crystallization and non-equilibrium self-assembly. This leads to a number of striking physical effects like complex light scattering and polarization as well as unique mechanical properties. In doing so, chitin uses a fine balance between the highly ordered chain conformations in the nanofibrils and random disordered structures. In this opinion piece, we discuss the structural hierarchy of chitin, its crystalline states and the natural biosynthesis processes to create such specific structures and diversity. Among the examples we explored, the unified question arises from the generation of completely different bioarchitectures like the Christmas tree-like nanostructures, gyroids or helicoidal geometries using similar dynamic non-equilibrium growth processes. Understanding the in vivo development of such structures from gene expressions, enzymatic activities as well as the chemical matrix employed in different stages of the biosynthesis will allow us to shift the material design paradigms. Certainly, the complexity of the biology requires a collaborative and multi-disciplinary research effort. For the future's advanced technologies, using chitin will ultimately drive many innovations and alternatives using biomimicry in materials science. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bio-derived and bioinspired sustainable advanced materials for emerging technologies (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hou
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Berk Emre Aydemir
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ahu Gümrah Dumanli
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Ilami M, Bagheri H, Ahmed R, Skowronek EO, Marvi H. Materials, Actuators, and Sensors for Soft Bioinspired Robots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003139. [PMID: 33346386 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems can perform complex tasks with high compliance levels. This makes them a great source of inspiration for soft robotics. Indeed, the union of these fields has brought about bioinspired soft robotics, with hundreds of publications on novel research each year. This review aims to survey fundamental advances in bioinspired soft actuators and sensors with a focus on the progress between 2017 and 2020, providing a primer for the materials used in their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ilami
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Hosain Bagheri
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Reza Ahmed
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - E Olga Skowronek
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Hamid Marvi
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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Kilchoer C, Pirih P, Steiner U, Wilts BD. Diffusive structural colour in Hoplia argentea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.213306. [PMID: 31767735 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.213306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nature's nanostructures can bring about vivid and iridescent colours seen in many insects, notably in beetles and butterflies. While the intense structural colours can be advantageous for display purposes, they may also be appealing to predators and therefore constitute an evolutionary disadvantage. Animals often employ absorption and scattering in order to reduce the directionality of the reflected light and thereby enhance their camouflage. Here, we investigated the monkey beetle Hoplia argentea using microspectrophotometry, electron microscopy, fluorimetry and optical modelling. We show that the dull green dorsal colour comes from the nanostructured scales on the elytra. The nanostructure consists of a multi-layered photonic structure covered by a filamentous layer. The filamentous layer acts as a spatial diffuser of the specular reflection from the multilayer and suppresses the iridescence. This combination leads to a colour-stable and angle-independent green reflection that probably enhances the camouflage of the beetles in their natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Kilchoer
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Primož Pirih
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bodo D Wilts
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Mouchet SR, Verstraete C, Kaczmarek AM, Mara D, van Cleuvenbergen S, Van Deun R, Verbiest T, Maes B, Vukusic P, Kolaric B. Unveiling the nonlinear optical response of Trictenotoma childreni longhorn beetle. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800470. [PMID: 31134739 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The wings of some insect species are known to fluoresce under illumination by ultraviolet light. Their fluorescence properties are however, not comprehensively documented. In this article, the optical properties of one specific insect, the Trictenotoma childreni yellow longhorn beetle, were investigated using both linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) methods, including one- and two-photon fluorescence and second harmonic generation (SHG). These three distinct optical signals discovered in this beetle are attributed to the presence of fluorophores embedded within the scales covering their elytra. Experimental evidence collected in this study indicates that the fluorophores are non-centrosymmetric, a fundamental requirement for SHG. This study is the first reported optical behavior of this type in insects. We described how NLO techniques can complement other more convenient approaches to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of insect scales and integument properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien R Mouchet
- School of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Physics & Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Anna M Kaczmarek
- L3 - Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dimitrije Mara
- L3 - Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Rik Van Deun
- L3 - Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Maes
- Micro- and Nanophotonic Materials Group, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Pete Vukusic
- School of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Branko Kolaric
- Micro- and Nanophotonic Materials Group, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
- Photonics Center, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mouchet SR, Verstraete C, Mara D, Van Cleuvenbergen S, Finlayson ED, Van Deun R, Deparis O, Verbiest T, Maes B, Vukusic P, Kolaric B. Nonlinear optical spectroscopy and two-photon excited fluorescence spectroscopy reveal the excited states of fluorophores embedded in a beetle's elytra. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180052. [PMID: 30603071 PMCID: PMC6304011 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon illumination by ultraviolet light, many animal species emit light through fluorescence processes arising from fluorophores embedded within their biological tissues. Fluorescence studies in living organisms are however relatively scarce and so far limited to the linear regime. Multiphoton excitation fluorescence analyses as well as nonlinear optical techniques offer unique possibilities to investigate the effects of the local environment on the excited states of fluorophores. Herein, these techniques are applied for the first time to study of the naturally controlled fluorescence in insects. The case of the male Hoplia coerulea beetle is investigated because the scales covering the beetle's elytra are known to possess an internal photonic structure with embedded fluorophores, which controls both the beetle's coloration and the fluorescence emission. An intense two-photon excitation fluorescence signal is observed, the intensity of which changes upon contact with water. A third-harmonic generation signal is also detected, the intensity of which depends on the light polarization state. The analysis of these nonlinear optical and fluorescent responses unveils the multi-excited states character of the fluorophore molecules embedded in the beetle's elytra. The role of form anisotropy in the photonic structure, which causes additional tailoring of the beetle's optical responses, is demonstrated by circularly polarized light and nonlinear optical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien R. Mouchet
- School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
- Department of Physics and Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Verstraete
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Dimitrije Mara
- L–Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van Cleuvenbergen
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Ewan D. Finlayson
- School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Rik Van Deun
- L–Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Deparis
- Department of Physics and Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Maes
- Micro- and Nanophotonic Materials Group, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pete Vukusic
- School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Branko Kolaric
- Micro- and Nanophotonic Materials Group, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Center for Photonics, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
- Old World Labs, 1357 N. Great Neck Road Suite 104, Virginia Beach, VA 23454, USA
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Verstraete C, Mouchet SR, Verbiest T, Kolaric B. Linear and nonlinear optical effects in biophotonic structures using classical and nonclassical light. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800262. [PMID: 30288959 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this perspective article, we review the optical study of different biophotonic geometries and biological structures using classical light in linear and nonlinear regime, especially highlighting the link between these morphologies and modern biomedical research. Additionally, the importance of nonlinear optical study in biological research, beyond traditional cell imaging is also highlighted and described. Finally, we present a short introduction regarding nonclassical light and describe the new future perspective of quantum optical study in biology, revealing the link between quantum realm and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Verstraete
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sébastien R Mouchet
- School of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Physics & Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Branko Kolaric
- Micro- and Nanophotonic Materials Group, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
- Center for Photonics, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Old World Labs, Virginia Beach, VA
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Gruson H, Andraud C, Daney de Marcillac W, Berthier S, Elias M, Gomez D. Quantitative characterization of iridescent colours in biological studies: a novel method using optical theory. Interface Focus 2018; 9:20180049. [PMID: 30603069 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iridescent colours are colours that change with viewing or illumination geometry. While they are widespread in many living organisms, most evolutionary studies on iridescence do not take into account their full complexity. Few studies try to precisely characterize what makes iridescent colours special: their angular dependency. Yet, it is likely that this angular dependency has biological functions and is therefore submitted to evolutionary pressures. For this reason, evolutionary biologists need a repeatable method to measure iridescent colours as well as variables to precisely quantify the angular dependency. In this study, we use a theoretical approach to propose five variables that allow one to fully describe iridescent colours at every angle combination. Based on the results, we propose a new measurement protocol and statistical method to reliably characterize iridescence while minimizing the required number of time-consuming measurements. We use hummingbird iridescent feathers and butterfly iridescent wings as test cases to demonstrate the strengths of this new method. We show that our method is precise enough to be potentially used at intraspecific level while being also time-efficient enough to encompass large taxonomic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Gruson
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Andraud
- CRC, MNHN, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Marianne Elias
- ISYEB, CNRS, MNHN, EPHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Doris Gomez
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.,INSP, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
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