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Han AL, Ryu MS, Yang HJ, Jeong DY, Choi KH. Evaluation of Menopausal Syndrome Relief and Anti-Obesity Efficacy of the Korean Fermented Food Doenjang: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1194. [PMID: 38674884 PMCID: PMC11054397 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Foods that help improve menopausal syndrome are being studied worldwide. Doenjang is a traditional Korean fermented soybean food with potential health benefits for menopausal women. In this clinical trial using Doenjang, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of traditional Doenjang and commercial Doenjang in menopausal women. Furthermore, we compared whether Doenjang has a better effect if the number of beneficial microbes is higher. The analyses included the following groups: traditional Doenjang containing either a high dose (HDC; n = 18) or low dose (LDC; n = 18) of beneficial microbes and commercial Doenjang (CD; n = 20). The Kupperman index and hematological changes were examined before and after the use of Doenjang pills. The effects of Doenjang on obesity and body composition were studied before and after ingestion. Lastly, the microorganisms and short-chain fatty acid changes in the stool were compared. The Kupperman index decreased after Doenjang consumption in all three groups, with the greatest decrease in the LDC group. Only the groups that took traditional Doenjang pills exhibited reduced LDL cholesterol. No changes in obesity and inflammation-related indicators were observed. The number of Firmicutes, associated with obesity, decreased in the CD group but the numbers of Bacteroidetes increased in the HDC and CD groups. Thus, traditional Doenjang is more effective in alleviating menopausal syndrome than commercial Doenjang. Further research on the anti-obesity effect or changes in microbiomes and short-chain fatty acids in feces is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lum Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Seon Ryu
- Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang 56048, Republic of Korea; (M.S.R.); (H.-J.Y.); (D.-Y.J.)
| | - Hee-Jong Yang
- Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang 56048, Republic of Korea; (M.S.R.); (H.-J.Y.); (D.-Y.J.)
| | - Do-Youn Jeong
- Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang 56048, Republic of Korea; (M.S.R.); (H.-J.Y.); (D.-Y.J.)
| | - Keum Ha Choi
- Departments of Pathology, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea;
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Shon J, Seong Y, Choi Y, Kim Y, Cho MS, Ha E, Kwon O, Kim Y, Park YJ, Kim Y. Meal-Based Intervention on Health Promotion in Middle-Aged Women: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2108. [PMID: 37432253 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle-aged women belong to a risk group for metabolic dysregulation and menopausal symptoms, mainly due to a dramatic hormonal shift. Supplementation with functional compounds or a single nutrient has been dominantly explored as a nutritional approach for improving aging-related health parameters. However, a meal-based approach might be another strategy for promoting the overall health of the target population. This pilot study aimed to develop a meal-based intervention for middle-aged women and to evaluate its potential health benefits. Considering the nutrient intake status of Korean middle-aged women, diets enriched with four major nutrients (isoflavone, omega-3, fiber, and calcium) were designed and provided to forty-nine women aged 50 to 65 with mild levels of menopausal symptoms for 8 weeks. In the post-intervention phase, they showed reduced body weight and body fat, and improved biochemical metabolic parameters with decreased levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, ApoB, and fasting insulin. Moreover, bone resorption markers and menopause symptoms were lower in the post-intervention phase. In conclusion, the meal-based intervention might be a prominent strategy for overall health promotion in relatively healthy middle-aged women and further investigation is needed to test its efficacy with a randomized controlled study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Shon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yehee Seong
- Graduate School of Clinical Biohealth, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Choi
- Graduate School of Clinical Biohealth, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sook Cho
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Park
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangha Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Isoflavone and Antioxidant of Instant Cream Soup Made from Pumpkin and Tempeh and Their Active Compound in Ovariohysterectomy Rat-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:8051624. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8051624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Menopause period associated with brain function disorders can caused by decreasing estradiol levels and increasing oxidative stress in the body. Antioxidant agents are required to balance oxidative stress in the body. Instant cream soup made from pumpkin and tempeh is a supplementary food containing isoflavone and antioxidant agents. This study is aimed at analyzing the content of antioxidant level and isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) in instant cream soup and their effect on ovariohysterectomy (OVx) rats. Instant pumpkin cream soup with and without tempeh were subjected to isoflavone content and antioxidant analysis. Serum estradiol was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Liver concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured by spectrophotometric methods. The study showed that the isoflavone content (genistein 370.86 g/100 g, daidzein 185.61 g/100 g) was only present in the pumpkin instant cream soup with tempeh (IPTS). IPTS has higher antioxidant levels (134.25 mg AEAC/100 g) than instant pumpkin cream soup without tempeh (IPS). In vivo study, experimental rats showed that OVx increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels up to 5.85-6.07 nmol mL-1 as compared to control (4.47 nmol mL-1). Moreover, instant pumpkin cream soup with tempeh treatments significantly increased serum estradiol levels (2.37–3.63 μg) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels of 497.49-558.89 U mL-1. This study concluded that instant pumpkin cream soup and tempeh contained isoflavone and antioxidant, and it increased estradiol serum and SOD level.
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Han AL, Lee HK, Chon HS, Pae HO, Kim MS, Shin YI, Kim S. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Fermented Soybean-Lettuce Powder for Improving Menopausal Symptoms. Nutrients 2022; 14:2878. [PMID: 35889834 PMCID: PMC9317582 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause syndrome causes a decline in the quality of life of postmenopausal women. Hormone therapy is recommended for the treatment of menopausal syndromes. However, it has several side effects. Soybean has been safely used to relieve the symptoms of menopause. Lettuce has antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects and improves sleep quality. Natural nitric oxide metabolites are produced through fermentation, which increases the effectiveness of the functional substances. This study assessed the alleviation of menopausal syndrome symptoms by natural nitric oxide-containing soybean lettuce extract using the Kupperman index. This study included adult women with menopausal syndrome and a Kupperman index of ≥15. After a four-week study with 40 participants, the final analysis included 39 participants in the experimental group (n = 19) and the placebo group (n = 20). Body mass index, waist circumference, and the total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were not altered before and after treatment in both groups. There was a significant decrease in the Kupperman index after treatment in the experimental group, but no significant change was observed in the placebo group. Soybean lettuce extract alleviates menopause syndrome without any special side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lum Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Hee Kyung Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | | | - Hyun Ock Pae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Center for Nitric Oxide Metabolite at Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Yong Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 50612, Korea;
| | - Sooah Kim
- Department of Environment Science & Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea;
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Chen LR, Chen KH. Utilization of Isoflavones in Soybeans for Women with Menopausal Syndrome: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3212. [PMID: 33809928 PMCID: PMC8004126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on their nutrient composition, soybeans and related foods have been considered to be nutritious and healthy for humans. Particularly, the biological activity and subsequent benefits of soy products may be associated with the presence of isoflavone in soybeans. As an alternative treatment for menopause-related symptoms, isoflavone has gained much popularity for postmenopausal women who have concerns related to undergoing hormone replacement therapy. However, current research has still not reached a consensus on the effects of isoflavone on humans. This overview is a summary of the current literature about the processing of soybeans and isoflavone types (daidzein, genistein, and S-equol) and supplements and their extraction and analysis as well as information about the utilization of isoflavones in soybeans. The processes of preparation (cleaning, drying, crushing and dehulling) and extraction of soybeans are implemented to produce refined soy oil, soy lecithin, free fatty acids, glycerol and soybean meal. The remaining components consist of inorganic constituents (minerals) and the minor components of biologically interesting small molecules. Regarding the preventive effects on diseases or cancers, a higher intake of isoflavones is associated with a moderately lower risk of developing coronary heart disease. It may also reduce the risks of breast and colorectal cancer as well as the incidence of breast cancer recurrence. Consumption of isoflavones or soy foods is associated with reduced risks of endometrial and bladder cancer. Regarding the therapeutic effects on menopausal syndrome or other diseases, isoflavones have been found to alleviate vasomotor syndromes even after considering placebo effects, reduce bone loss in the spine and ameliorate hypertension and in vitro glycemic control. They may also alleviate depressive symptoms during pregnancy. On the other hand, isoflavones have not shown definitive effects regarding improving cognition and urogenital symptoms. Because of lacking standardization in the study designs, such as the ingredients and doses of isoflavones and the durations and outcomes of trials, it currently remains difficult to draw overall conclusions for all aspects of isoflavones. These limitations warrant further investigations of isoflavone use for women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ru Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10049, Taiwan;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National YangMing ChiaoTung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei 231, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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Świeca M, Gawlik-Dziki U, Złotek U, Kapusta I, Kordowska-Wiater M, Baraniak B. Effect of cold storage on the potentially bioaccessible isoflavones and antioxidant activities of soybean sprouts enriched with Lactobacillus plantarum 299v. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Chen LR, Ko NY, Chen KH. Isoflavone Supplements for Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112649. [PMID: 31689947 PMCID: PMC6893524 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones have gained popularity as an alternative treatment for menopausal symptoms for people who cannot or are unwilling to take hormone replacement therapy. However, there is still no consensus on the effects of isoflavones despite over two decades of vigorous research. This systematic review aims to summarize the current literature on isoflavone supplements, focusing on the active ingredients daidzein, genistein, and S-equol, and provide a framework to guide future research. We performed a literature search in Ovid Medline using the search terms “isoflavone” and “menopause”, which yielded 95 abstracts and 68 full-text articles. We found that isoflavones reduce hot flashes even accounting for placebo effect, attenuate lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) loss, show beneficial effects on systolic blood pressure during early menopause, and improve glycemic control in vitro. There are currently no conclusive benefits of isoflavones on urogenital symptoms and cognition. Due to the lack of standardized research protocols including isoflavone component and dosage, outcomes, and trial duration, it is difficult to reach a conclusion at this point in time. Despite these limitations, the evidence thus far favors the use of isoflavones due to their safety profile and benefit to overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ru Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Nai-Yu Ko
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Hu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei 23142, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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Johnson A, Roberts L, Elkins G. Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Menopause. J Evid Based Integr Med 2019; 24:2515690X19829380. [PMID: 30868921 PMCID: PMC6419242 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x19829380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is associated with problematic symptoms, including hot flashes, sleep problems, mood disorders, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, and declines in cognitive functioning. Many women seek complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for symptom management. This article critically reviews the existing literature on CAM treatments most commonly used for menopausal symptoms. Electronic searches were conducted to identify relevant, English-language literature published through March 2017. Results indicate that mind and body practices may be of benefit in reducing stress and bothersomeness of some menopausal symptoms. In particular, hypnosis is a mind-body intervention that has consistently shown to have a clinically significant effect on reducing hot flashes. Evidence is mixed in regard to the efficacy of natural products and there are some safety concerns. Health care providers should consider the evidence on CAM in providing an integrative health approach to menopausal symptom management.
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Lee H, Choue R, Lim H. Effect of soy isoflavones supplement on climacteric symptoms, bone biomarkers, and quality of life in Korean postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial. Nutr Res Pract 2017; 11:223-231. [PMID: 28584579 PMCID: PMC5449379 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.3.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Soy isoflavones are expected to improve menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis in women. However, their efficacy is still inconclusive, and there was limited data for postmenopausal women in South Korea. We examined the effects of soy isoflavones on climacteric symptoms, bone biomarkers, and quality of life in Korean postmenopausal women. SUBJECTS/METHODS A randomized, double-blind study design was used. Eighty-seven participants who had undergone natural menopause were randomly administered either 70 mg/day isoflavones (n = 43) or placebo (n = 41) for 12 weeks. We assessed the Kupperman index for climacteric symptoms and the menopause-specific quality of life (MENQOL) questionnaire for quality of the life. Biomarkers of bone metabolism were also measured in serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (OC), N- and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx, CTx), and urine-deoxypyridinolin (u-DPD). RESULTS Scores of the Kupperman index were decreased in both the isoflavones group (-7.0 ± 15.8, P = 0.0074) and placebo group (-6.3 ± 14.6, P = 0.0064) during the intervention, but no significant difference was noted between the groups. Regarding the bone formation markers, the level of serum BALP increased by 6.3 ± 4.1% (P = 0.004) and OC increased by 9.3 ± 6.2% (P < 0.001), meanwhile those of the placebo were not changed. For the bone resorption markers, NTx, CTx, and u-DPD were not significantly different in either group. MENQOL was significant decreased in the isoflavone group (-0.6 ± 0.5) and placebo group (-0.6 ± 0.4), with a significant difference between groups (P = 0.0228). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that 70 mg isoflavones supplement has beneficial effects on bone formation markers; however, it showed no benefit compared to the placebo on climacteric symptoms or quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansongyi Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Ryowon Choue
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17104, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17104, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Kuligowski M, Pawłowska K, Jasińska-Kuligowska I, Nowak J. Isoflavone composition, polyphenols content and antioxidative activity of soybean seeds during tempeh fermentation. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2016.1197316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Chen MN, Lin CC, Liu CF. Efficacy of phytoestrogens for menopausal symptoms: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Climacteric 2015; 18:260-9. [PMID: 25263312 PMCID: PMC4389700 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.966241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a meta-analysis examining the efficacy of phytoestrogens for the relief of menopausal symptoms. METHODS Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were searched until September 30, 2013 using the following key words: vasomotor symptoms, menopausal symptoms, phytoestrogens, isoflavones, coumestrol, soy, red clover. Inclusion criteria were (1) randomized controlled trial (RCT), (2) perimenopausal or postmenopausal women experiencing menopausal symptoms, (3) intervention with an oral phytoestrogen. Outcome measures included Kupperman index (KI) changes, daily hot flush frequency, and the likelihood of side-effects. RESULTS Of 543 potentially relevant studies identified, 15 RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria were included. The mean age of the subjects ranged from 49 to 58.3 and 48 to 60.1 years, respectively, in the placebo and phytoestrogen groups. The number of participants ranged from 30 to 252, and the intervention periods ranged from 3 to 12 months. Meta-analysis of the seven studies that reported KI data indicated no significant treatment effect of phytoestrogen as compared to placebo (pooled mean difference = 6.44, p = 0.110). Meta-analysis of the ten studies that reported hot flush data indicated that phytoestrogens result in a significantly greater reduction in hot flush frequency compared to placebo (pooled mean difference = 0.89, p < 0.005). Meta-analysis of the five studies that reported side-effect data showed no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.175). CONCLUSION Phytoestrogens appear to reduce the frequency of hot flushes in menopausal women, without serious side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-N. Chen
- Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan
| | - C-C. Lin
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung
| | - C-F. Liu
- Graduate Institute of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Western Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
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Quattrocchi T, Micali E, Gentile A, La Ferrera EG, Barbaro L, Ciarcià S, Corrado F, Di Costa M, Fazio R, Licenziato R, Marcazzò A, Minniti R, Riccobene R, Russello CM, Cancellieri F. Effects of a phyto complex on well-being of climacteric women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2015; 41:1093-8. [PMID: 25656636 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a phyto complex on menopausal symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 151 women aged 42-67 years were enrolled. They were in spontaneous or surgical menopause by at least 12 months, reporting symptoms referable to the climacteric syndrome. Two validated and standardized tests were given to the whole sample at the entrance of the study (T0) and after 6 months of treatment (T6): the Greene Climacteric Scale (GCS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Interim evaluations were carried out at 1-3 months (T1 and T3) on five symptoms selected from the GCS. The phyto complex was given to each enrolled woman, from the T0 to T6 time-points, for a total of 180 days. RESULTS At the T0 time-point, the average scores were: GCS, 28.98 (standard deviation [SD] ± 10.71); BDI, 14.48 (SD ± 6.5). At the T1 time-point, five parameters of the GCS were assessed with a reduction of 36.25% in symptoms (5.69, SD ± 3.53). At the T6 time-point the assessment was completed: average GCS results were 11.54 (SD ± 8.01) with a 60.17% improvement; and average BDI results were 6.11 (SD ± 4.6) with a 58.91% improvement in the depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The phyto complex under consideration is an effective tool to counter, in a quick and long-lasting manner, the most common and nagging symptoms of the climacteric syndrome, such as hot flushes, insomnia and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasella Quattrocchi
- Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elvira Micali
- Prevention and Protection, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Corrado
- Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Di Costa
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, C. Basilotta Hospital, Enna, Italy
| | - Roberto Fazio
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Operating Unit Barcellona P.G. - Via Salvatore Cattafi, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Cancellieri
- Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Lethaby A, Marjoribanks J, Kronenberg F, Roberts H, Eden J, Brown J. Phytoestrogens for menopausal vasomotor symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 2013:CD001395. [PMID: 24323914 PMCID: PMC10247921 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001395.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasomotor symptoms, such as hot flushes and night sweats, are very common during the menopausal transition. Hormone therapy has traditionally been used as a highly effective treatment, but concerns about increased risk of some chronic diseases have markedly increased the interest of women in alternative treatments. Some of the most popular of these treatments are foods or supplements enriched with phytoestrogens-plant-derived chemicals that have estrogenic action. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy, safety and acceptability of food products, extracts and dietary supplements containing high levels of phytoestrogens when compared with no treatment, placebo or hormone therapy for the amelioration of vasomotor menopausal symptoms (such as hot flushes and night sweats) in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. SEARCH METHODS Searches targeted the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Specialised Register of randomised trials (29 July 2013), the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 29 July 2013), MEDLINE (inception to 29 July 2013), EMBASE (inception to 29 July 2013), AMED (1985 to 29 July 2013), PsycINFO (inception to 29 July 2013) and CINAHL (inception to 29 July 2013). Attempts were made to access grey literature by sending letters to pharmaceutical companies and performing searches of ongoing trial registers. Reference lists of included trials were also searched. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies were included if they were randomised, included perimenopausal or postmenopausal participants with vasomotor symptoms (hot flushes or night sweats), lasted at least 12 weeks and provided interventions such as foods or supplements with high levels of phytoestrogens (not combined with other herbal treatments). Trials that included women who had breast cancer or a history of breast cancer were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Selection of trials, extraction of data and assessment of quality were undertaken by at least two review authors. Most trials were too dissimilar for their results to be combined in a meta-analysis, so these findings are provided in narrative 'Summary of results' tables. Studies were grouped into broad categories: dietary soy, soy extracts, red clover extracts, genistein extracts and other types of phytoestrogens. Five trials used Promensil, a red clover extract; results of these trials were combined in a meta-analysis, and summary effect measures were calculated. MAIN RESULTS A total of 43 randomised controlled trials (4,364 participants) were included in this review. Very few trials provided data suitable for inclusion in a meta-analysis. Among the five trials that yielded data assessing the daily frequency of hot flushes suitable for pooling, no significant difference overall was noted in the incidence of hot flushes between participants taking Promensil (a red clover extract) and those given placebo (mean difference (MD) -0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.95 to 0.10, I(2) = 31%). No evidence indicated a difference in percentage reduction in hot flushes in two trials between Promensil and placebo (MD 20.15, 95% CI -12.08 to 52.38, I(2) = 82%). Four trials that were not combined in meta-analyses suggested that extracts with high (> 30 mg/d) levels of genistein consistently reduced the frequency of hot flushes. Individual results from the remaining trials were compared in broad subgroups such as dietary soy, soy extracts and other types of phytoestrogens that could not be combined. Some of these trials found that phytoestrogen treatments alleviated the frequency and severity of hot flushes and night sweats when compared with placebo, but many trials were small and were determined to be at high risk of bias. A strong placebo effect was noted in most trials, with a reduction in frequency ranging from 1% to 59% with placebo. No indication suggested that discrepant results were due to the amount of isoflavone in the active treatment arm, the severity of vasomotor symptoms or trial quality factors. Also, no evidence indicated that these treatments caused oestrogenic stimulation of the endometrium or the vagina or other adverse effects when used for up to two years. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS No conclusive evidence shows that phytoestrogen supplements effectively reduce the frequency or severity of hot flushes and night sweats in perimenopausal or postmenopausal women, although benefits derived from concentrates of genistein should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lethaby
- University of AucklandDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyPrivate Bag 92019AucklandNew Zealand1142
| | - Jane Marjoribanks
- University of AucklandDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyPrivate Bag 92019AucklandNew Zealand1142
| | - Fredi Kronenberg
- College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University in the City of New YorkDepartment of Rehabilitation MedicineBOX 75630 W 168TH STNew YorkUSANY 10027‐6902
| | - Helen Roberts
- University of AucklandDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyPrivate Bag 92019AucklandNew Zealand1142
| | - John Eden
- Royal Hospital for WomenSydney Menopause Centre & Natural Therapies UnitLocked Bag 2000RandwickNSWAustralia2031
| | - Julie Brown
- University of AucklandThe Liggins Institute and Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyFMHSAucklandNew Zealand
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Qin Y, Niu K, Zeng Y, Liu P, Yi L, Zhang T, Zhang QY, Zhu JD, Mi MT. Isoflavones for hypercholesterolaemia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013:CD009518. [PMID: 23744562 PMCID: PMC10163823 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009518.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolaemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Isoflavones may be effective in improving hypercholesterolaemia. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of isoflavones for hypercholesterolaemia. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases: The Cochrane Library (Issue 9, 2012), MEDLINE, EMBASE, Chinese BioMedical Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (all to September 2012). SELECTION CRITERIA We considered randomized controlled clinical trials in hypercholesterolaemic participants comparing isoflavones versus placebo, or soy isolated protein added with isoflavones versus soy isolated protein alone. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently abstracted relevant population and intervention characteristics. We resolved any disagreements through discussion, or if required by a third party. We assessed the risk of bias of trials against key criteria: random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants and personnel, blinding of outcome assessment, incomplete outcome data, selective reporting and other sources of bias. MAIN RESULTS We included five randomized trials (208 participants, 104 in the intervention group and 104 in the control group). Interventions ranged from three to six months. Four trials reported results in non-Asian populations published in English. One trial reported results in Chinese people published in Chinese. Overall, the risk of bias of included trials was high or unclear. There were no outcome data on death from any cause, morbidity, complications, health-related quality of life and costs. Two trials reported adverse effects, including gastrointestinal discomfort (bloating and constipation) and an increased number of hot flushes. None of the trials found serious adverse events. There was a slight significant effect on triglycerides in favour of isoflavones when compared with placebo (mean difference (MD) -0.46 mmol/L (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.84 to -0.09; P = 0.02; 52 participants; 2 trials). No statistically significant effects on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were shown in favour of isoflavones. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence for effects of isoflavones on patient-important outcomes or lowering of cholesterol levels in people with hypercholesterolaemia. Our findings have to be interpreted with caution due to high or unclear risk of bias in several risk of bias domains, and low number of participants in trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- Nutrition, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Kiss B, Popa DS, Paltinean R, Loghin F. A HIGH-THROUGHPUT UPLC-MS/MS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF SIX PHYTOESTROGENS FROM GENISTA TINCTORIA EXTRACTS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.638410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Béla Kiss
- a Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- a Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Ramona Paltinean
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Botany , “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Felicia Loghin
- a Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
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Lee J, Cho HS, Kim DY, Cho JY, Chung JS, Lee HK, Seong NH, Kim WK. Combined effects of exercise and soy isoflavone diet on paraoxonase, nitric oxide and aortic apoptosis in ovariectomized rats. Appetite 2011; 58:462-9. [PMID: 22227066 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise and soy isoflavone diets have been suggested to reduce the risk of CVD in postmenopausal women. We investigated the effects of exercise, or combined exercise and soy isoflavone diet, on plasma lipid profiles, paraoxonase (PON), nitric oxide (NO) and apoptosis in the aorta of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: OVX with general diet (OVX-GD), OVX with isoflavone diet (OVX-ISO), OVX-GD with exercise training (OVX-ET) and OVX-ISO with exercise training (OVX-ISO+ET). The experimental rats undertook treadmill training (30 min/day, 4 days/week) and/or were supplied a soy isoflavone diet (added to the experimental diet at 2.39 mg/g protein) for 12 weeks. Body weight and levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) increased in the OVX rats and HDL-C decreased. These effects were reduced by exercise and/or soy isoflavone supplementation. PON and NO activities were higher in the OVX-ISO+ET group than in the OVX-GD group. In addition, this group had lower caspase-9 and -3 and higher Bcl-2 expression, and there was less aortic apoptotic cell death. These results suggest that a combination of exercise and a soy isoflavone diet has beneficial effects in terms of protecting against cardiovascular risk factors by controlling lipid profiles and the related enzyme, PON, as well as NO activity and apoptosis of the aorta in OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Collage of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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17
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Hsu CC, Kuo HC, Chang SY, Wu TC, Huang KE. The assessment of efficacy of Diascorea alata for menopausal symptom treatment in Taiwanese women. Climacteric 2010; 14:132-9. [PMID: 20653397 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2010.498594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Diascorea alata for treatment of menopausal symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical investigation on 50 menopausal women randomly assigned to two groups, treated for 12 months with either placebo or two sachets daily of Diascorea extracts containing 12 mg/sachet. Primary outcome measures were changes in the Greene Climacteric Scale caused by Diascorea compared with placebo; secondary outcomes were changes in plasma hormone profiles. One-way ANCOVA test was performed to investigate the significance. RESULTS At 6 months and at the end of treatment, those women who received Diascorea showed general improvement in almost all the clinical symptoms investigated. A significant reduction was noted in the total Greene scores in the Diascorea group assessed at the end of 12 months' treatment (p < 0.01). This phenomenon was more significant for the psychological parameters of anxiety than for other parameters. Apparent improvements were noted in the parameters 'feeling tense or nervous' (p = 0.007), 'insomnia' (p = 0.004), 'excitable' (p = 0.047) and 'musculoskeletal pain' (p = 0.019) among those receiving Diascorea. Diascorea consumption also resulted in positive effects on blood hormone profiles. CONCLUSIONS Compared with placebo, Diascorea alata improves symptoms, particularly the psychological parameters in menopausal women. Safety monitoring indicated that standardized extracts of Diascorea alata were safe during daily administration over a period of 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-C Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University and College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Taiwan
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18
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Side effects of phytoestrogens: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med 2009; 122:939-46.e9. [PMID: 19786161 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoestrogens are widely used by postmenopausal women for the treatment of the climacteric syndrome. The risk of adverse effects of this treatment, however, is unknown. METHODS Using a fixed-effects model, we performed a meta-analysis of side effects comparing phytoestrogen treatment with placebo or no treatment in randomized controlled trials. RESULTS We identified 174 randomized controlled trials. Side effects were reported in 92/174 randomized controlled trials with 9629 participants. The overall incidence of side effects in the phytoestrogen and control groups was 2019/5502 (36.7%) and 1824/4806 (38.0%), respectively (P=.2; incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-1.08). Comparing various side effect categories, we found significantly higher rates of gastrointestinal side effects among phytoestrogen users (P=.003; IRR 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08-1.50). Gynecological (IRR 0.94; 95% CI, 0.74-1.20), musculoskeletal (IRR 1.20; 95% CI, 0.94-1.53), neurological (IRR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.70-1.19), and unspecific side effects (IRR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.88-1.03) were not significantly different between groups. Within side effect categories, we found no significantly higher rates of side effects in women using phytoestrogens. Specifically, the rates of hormone-related side effects such as endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer, and breast cancer were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS Based on the available evidence, phytoestrogen supplements have a safe side-effect profile with moderately elevated rates of gastrointestinal side effects. Rates of vaginal bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer, and breast cancer were not significantly increased among phytoestrogen users in the investigated studies.
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Chedraui P, San Miguel G, Hidalgo L, Morocho N, Ross S. Effect of Trifolium pratense-derived isoflavones on the lipid profile of postmenopausal women with increased body mass index. Gynecol Endocrinol 2008; 24:620-4. [PMID: 19031218 DOI: 10.1080/09513590802288283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since current clinical evidence indicates that conventional estrogen hormone therapy (HT) increases cardiovascular risk, alternatives to estrogens are growing in popularity, especially among high-risk populations. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of Trifolium pratense-derived isoflavone supplementation on the lipid profile of postmenopausal women with increased body mass index (BMI). METHODS Sixty postmenopausal women aged > 40 years, HT non-users, were randomly assigned to one of two groups: either two capsules of T. pratense (80 mg red clover isoflavones) daily for a 90-day period or placebo of equal design. After a 7-day washout period, medication was crossed-over for another 90 days. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipoprotein A (LpA) levels were assessed at baseline, 90 and 180 days. Women were divided into two groups: those with increased BMI (>or=25 kg/m(2)) and those with BMI < 25 kg/m(2). RESULTS Fifty-three women (88.3%) completed the trial. T. pratense isoflavone supplementation had a positive effect on the lipid profile of women with increased BMI, evidenced by a significant decrease in TC, LDL-C and LpA levels. CONCLUSIONS Isoflavones derived from T. pratense are an attractive alternative therapeutic option for high-risk populations such as postmenopausal women with increased BMI and abnormal lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chedraui
- Institute of Biomedicine, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Catolica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
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Lethaby AE, Brown J, Marjoribanks J, Kronenberg F, Roberts H, Eden J. Phytoestrogens for vasomotor menopausal symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007:CD001395. [PMID: 17943751 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001395.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasomotor symptoms, such as hot flushes and night sweats, are very common during the menopausal transition. Hormone replacement therapy has traditionally been used as a very effective treatment but concerns over increased risks of some chronic diseases have markedly increased the interest of women in alternatives. Some of the most popular of these are treatments based on foods or supplements enriched with phytoestrogens, plant-derived chemicals that have oestrogenic action. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy, safety and acceptability of foods and supplements based on high levels of phytoestrogens for reducing hot flushes and night sweats in postmenopausal women. SEARCH STRATEGY Searches were undertaken of the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Specialised Register of randomised trials, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (March 2007), MEDLINE (1966 to March 2007), EMBASE (1980 to March 2007), AMED (1985 to March 2007), PsycINFO (1986 to March 2007) and CINAHL (1982 to March 2007). Attempts were made to access grey literature by letters to pharmaceutical companies and searches of ongoing trial registers. Reference lists of included trials were also searched. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies were included if they were randomised, had peri- or postmenopausal participants with vasomotor symptoms, a duration of at least 12 weeks and where the intervention was a food or supplement with high levels of phytoestrogens (and not combined with other herbal treatments). Trials of women who had breast cancer or a history of breast cancer were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Selection of trials, data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken by at least two authors. Most of the trials were too dissimilar to combine in meta-analysis and their results are provided in table format. Studies were grouped into broad categories: dietary soy, soy extracts, red clover extracts and other types of phytoestrogen. Five trials used Promensil, a red clover extract; these trials were combined in a meta-analysis and summary effect measures were calculated. MAIN RESULTS Thirty trials comparing phytoestrogens with control met the inclusion criteria. Very few trials had data suitable for combining in meta-analysis. Of the five trials with data suitable for pooling that assessed daily frequency of hot flushes, there was no significant difference overall in the frequency of hot flushes between Promensil (a red clover extract) and placebo (WMD=-0.6, 95% CI -1.8 to 0.6). There was no evidence of a difference in percentage reduction in hot flushes in two trials between Promensil and placebo (WMD=20.2, 95% CI -12.1 to 52.4). Individual results from the remaining trials were compared. Some of the trials found that phytoestrogen treatments alleviated the frequency and severity of hot flushes and night sweats when compared to placebo but many of the trials were of low quality and were underpowered. There was a strong placebo effect in most trials with a reduction in frequency ranging from 1% to 59% with placebo. There was no indication that the discrepant results were due to the amount of isoflavone in the active treatment arm, the severity of vasomotor symptoms or trial quality factors. There was also no evidence that the treatments caused oestrogenic stimulation of the endometrium (an adverse effect) when used for up to two years. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence of effectiveness in the alleviation of menopausal symptoms with the use of phytoestrogen treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Lethaby
- University of Auckland, O&G FMHS, Grafton Rd, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand, 1142.
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