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Chapdelaine AG, Sun G. Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Targeted Therapies for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1207. [PMID: 37627272 PMCID: PMC10452226 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of breast cancers characterized by their lack of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and the HER2 receptor. They are more aggressive than other breast cancer subtypes, with a higher mean tumor size, higher tumor grade, the worst five-year overall survival, and the highest rates of recurrence and metastasis. Developing targeted therapies for TNBC has been a major challenge due to its heterogeneity, and its treatment still largely relies on surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In this review article, we review the efforts in developing targeted therapies for TNBC, discuss insights gained from these efforts, and highlight potential opportunities going forward. Accumulating evidence supports TNBCs as multi-driver cancers, in which multiple oncogenic drivers promote cell proliferation and survival. In such multi-driver cancers, targeted therapies would require drug combinations that simultaneously block multiple oncogenic drivers. A strategy designed to generate mechanism-based combination targeted therapies for TNBC is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gongqin Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA;
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2
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Pfeifer R, Al Rawashdeh W, Brauner J, Martinez-Osuna M, Lock D, Herbel C, Eckardt D, Assenmacher M, Bosio A, Hardt OT, Johnston ICD. Targeting Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen 4 (SSEA-4) in Triple Negative Breast Cancer by CAR T Cells Results in Unexpected on Target/off Tumor Toxicities in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119184. [PMID: 37298141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the paucity of targetable antigens, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a challenging subtype of breast cancer to treat. In this study, we developed and evaluated a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-based treatment modality for TNBC by targeting stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA-4), a glycolipid whose overexpression in TNBC has been correlated with metastasis and chemoresistance. To delineate the optimal CAR configuration, a panel of SSEA-4-specific CARs containing alternative extracellular spacer domains was constructed. The different CAR constructs mediated antigen-specific T cell activation characterized by degranulation of T cells, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and killing of SSEA-4-expressing target cells, but the extent of this activation differed depending on the length of the spacer region. Adoptive transfer of the CAR-engineered T cells into mice with subcutaneous TNBC xenografts mediated a limited antitumor effect but induced severe toxicity symptoms in the cohort receiving the most bioactive CAR variant. We found that progenitor cells in the lung and bone marrow express SSEA-4 and are likely co-targeted by the CAR T cells. Thus, this study has revealed serious adverse effects that raise safety concerns for SSEA-4-directed CAR therapies because of the risk of eliminating vital cells with stem cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pfeifer
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Dominik Lock
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Bosio
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Olaf T Hardt
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
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3
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Kanwal B. Untangling Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Molecular Peculiarity and Chemo-Resistance: Trailing Towards Marker-Based Targeted Therapies. Cureus 2021; 13:e16636. [PMID: 34458041 PMCID: PMC8384383 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, affects nearly 15% of women with breast cancer. To date, the mainstay of treatment remains chemotherapy, with all the associated consequences, such as the significant toxicity and the suboptimal effect on the five-year survival rates. RNA-expression profiling showed that TNBC is biologically a heterogeneous malignancy. Therefore, predictive biomarkers matched with the diverse subtypes of TNBC could classify patients that would most benefit from a certain targeted treatment. Three biomarker-driven therapies are currently available: poly-adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribose polymerase inhibitors for patients with germline BReast CAncer gene (BRCA) mutations, atezolizumab combined with nab-paclitaxel for patients expressing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and sacituzumab govitecan, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting human trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP-2). Identifying predictive biomarkers is crucial for the optimum generation and implementation of targeted agents for TNBC, while further relevant treatments are in the pipeline given the promising results in clinical trials. Finally, newly developed immunotherapies and other targeted agents should also be investigated in earlier stages of the disease, especially in the neoadjuvant setting, broadening the therapeutic application of such regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Kanwal
- Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
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4
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Eldin A Osman E, Hanafy NS, George RF, El-Moghazy SM. Design and synthesis of some barbituric and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid derivatives: A non-classical scaffold for potential PARP1 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104198. [PMID: 32920355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Six series based on barbituric acid 5a-e, 10a-d; thiobarbituric acid 6a-e, 11a-d and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid 7a-e, 12a-d were prepared and screened for their in vitro PARP1 inhibition. They revealed promising inhibition at nanomolar level especially compounds 5c, 7b, 7d and 7e (IC50 = 30.51, 41.60, 41.53 and 36.33 nM) with higher potency than olaparib (IC50 = 43.59 nM). Moreover, compounds 5b, 5d, 7a, 12a and 12c exhibited good comparable activity (IC50 = 65.93, 58.90, 66.57, 45.40 and 50.62 nM, respectively). Furthermore, the most active compounds 5c, 7b, 7d, 7e, 12a and 12c against PARP1 in vitro were evaluated in the BRCA1 mutated triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-436 where 5c and 12c showed higher potency compared to olaparib and result in cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. 5c and 12c showed apoptotic effects in MDA-MB-436 and potentiated the cytotoxicity of temozolomide in A549 human lung epithelial cancer cell line. Compounds 5c and 12c represent interesting starting points towards PARP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam Eldin A Osman
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Noura S Hanafy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo 11777, Egypt
| | - Riham F George
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Samir M El-Moghazy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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5
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Song Y, Zhao B, Xu Y, Ren X, Lin Y, Zhou L, Sun Q. Prognostic significance of branched-chain amino acid transferase 1 and CD133 in triple-negative breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:584. [PMID: 32571264 PMCID: PMC7310042 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that branched-chain amino acid transferase 1 (BCAT1) is associated with tumour progression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Furthermore, CD133 has emerged as a novel cancer stem cell marker for indicating tumour progression. However, the prognostic significance of these two markers remains to be verified. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between BCAT1 and CD133 expression and clinicopathological features, as well as the prognosis of patients with TNBC. METHODS The study cohort included 291 patients with TNBC. Tissue microarrays were constructed for both cancer and normal tissues. The expression of BCAT1 and CD133 was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the levels were evaluated using an H-scoring system. Cut-off points for BCAT1 and CD133 expression were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS The median follow-up time for the study participants was 68.73 months (range: 1.37-103.6 months). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of the 291 patients with TNBC were 72.51 and 82.47%, respectively. Higher levels of BCAT1 and CD133 expression independently indicated shorter DFS and OS. High levels of both BCAT1 and CD133 expression were detected in 36 (12.37%) patients, who had significantly shorter DFS and OS (both P < 0.001) compared to other patients. CONCLUSION BCAT1 and CD133 can be considered as biomarkers with prognostic significance for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinyu Ren
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Liangrui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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6
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Puteri MU, Watanabe Y, Wardhani BWK, Amalia R, Abdelaziz M, Kato M. PMEPA1/TMEPAI isoforms function via its PY and Smad-interaction motifs for tumorigenic activities of breast cancer cells. Genes Cells 2020; 25:375-390. [PMID: 32181976 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PMEPA1 (prostate transmembrane protein, androgen-induced 1)/TMEPAI (transmembrane prostate androgen-induced protein) is highly expressed in diverse cancers, including breast, lung and prostate cancers. It consists of four isoforms with distinct extracellular regions (isoforms a-d). The expression and function of these isoforms are still poorly understood. Hence, we aimed to identify the preferentially expressed isoforms in breast cancer cells and analyze possible differences in tumorigenic functions. In this study, we used 5' Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) and Western blot analyses to identify the mRNA variants and protein isoforms of TMEPAI and found that TMEPAI isoform d as the major isoform expressed by TGF-β stimulation in breast cancer cells. We then generated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TMEPAI knockout (KO) breast cancer cell lines and used a lentiviral expression system to complement each isoform individually. Although there were no clear functional differences between isoforms, double PPxY (PY) motifs and a Smad-interaction motif (SIM) of TMEPAI were both essential for colony and sphere formation. Collectively, our results provide a novel insight into TMEPAI isoforms in breast cancer cells and showed that coordination between double PY motifs and a SIM of TMEPAI are essential for colony and sphere formation but not for monolayer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meidi U Puteri
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yukihide Watanabe
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Bantari W K Wardhani
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Doctoral Program in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
| | - Riezki Amalia
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Mohammed Abdelaziz
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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7
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Ahmad Ansari M, An A, Kumar K, Ali A, Kumar Verma A, Mangla M, K. Jha P, Srivastava V. Evaluation of Prognostic Factors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients with Emphasis on Angiogenesis. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE 2020. [DOI: 10.18311/ajprhc/2020/25602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Wen S, Manuel L, Doolan M, Westhuyzen J, Shakespeare TP, Aherne NJ. Effect of Clinical and Treatment Factors on Survival Outcomes of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2020; 12:27-35. [PMID: 32184654 PMCID: PMC7064282 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s236483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 15% of breast cancer cases and is associated with a poor prognosis. In this retrospective study of patients undergoing radiation therapy as part of their treatment, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of TNBC patients were examined in relation to clinical and treatment-related factors. Patients and Methods The electronic records of 214 consecutive TNBC patients treated with surgery followed by radiotherapy at the Mid North Coast Cancer Institute between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. Overall survival and DFS times were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method; multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression modelling was used to assess the significance of prognostic factors. Results The majority of tumors were T1 (51.9%), followed by T2 (39.2%) and T3 (6.1%). For the whole group, mean DFS was 106.4 (SD 48.7) months; OS 109.4 (SD 52.1) months. Radiotherapy technique, fractionation protocol and laterality were not significant factors for DFS or OS (p>0.05). However, compared to breast conservation, mastectomy was associated with poorer DFS (mean 114.2 vs 65.2 months; p<0.0001) and poorer OS (mean 115.5 vs 80.5 months; p=0.0015). The mastectomy group had fewer patients with tumor size T1 (p=0.001) and higher proportions of T3 (p=0.001) and T4 (p=0.02). On multivariate analysis, tumor size T3/T4 and nodal status N2/N3 were significant factors for reduced DFS (p=0.023 and p=0.0003 respectively). Tumor size T3/T4 was the only significant prognostic factor for reduced OS (p=0.019). Conclusion Advanced disease exhibited by tumor size > 5cm and positive nodal status is associated with poorer DFS in TNBC patients. Radiotherapy technique or fractionation protocol were not associated with differences in DFS or OS in our patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Wen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Institute, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucy Manuel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Institute, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Moira Doolan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Institute, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justin Westhuyzen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Institute, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas P Shakespeare
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Institute, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Noel J Aherne
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Institute, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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9
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Guney Eskiler G, Cecener G, Egeli U, Tunca B. Triple negative breast cancer: new therapeutic approaches andBRCAstatus. APMIS 2018; 126:371-379. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Guney Eskiler
- Deparment of Medical Biology; Faculty of Medicine; Sakarya University; Sakarya Turkey
| | - Gulsah Cecener
- Deparment of Medical Biology; Faculty of Medicine; Uludag University; Bursa Turkey
| | - Unal Egeli
- Deparment of Medical Biology; Faculty of Medicine; Uludag University; Bursa Turkey
| | - Berrin Tunca
- Deparment of Medical Biology; Faculty of Medicine; Uludag University; Bursa Turkey
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10
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Zhao Y, Jing Z, Lv J, Zhang Z, Lin J, Cao X, Zhao Z, Liu P, Mao W. Berberine activates caspase-9/cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis to suppress triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:18-24. [PMID: 28826092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Cotridis rhizoma and exhibits multiple biological roles including anti-microbe, anti-inflammation and anti-tumor activities. In this study, two triple-negative breast cancer cell (TNBC) lines, MDA-MB-231 and BT549, were used to investigate the effect of BBR on growth of TNBC in vitro and in vivo. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the viability of cells treated with BBR. After 48h treatments, a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BBR to BT549 and MDA-MB-231 cells are at 16.575±1.219μg/ml and 18.525±6.139μg/ml respectively. BBR reduced colony formation of BT549 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The wound-healing assay showed BBR decreased breast cancer cell migrations (P<0.01). AnnexinV-PI staining assay confirmed BBR induced cellular apoptosis. The expressions of caspase-3, caspase-9, Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by western blot, which showed BBR activated caspase-3, 9 and Bax, but down-regulated Bcl-2 expression. BBR promoted the release of cytochrome c through the immunofluorescent analysis (P<0.01). We also found BBR increased the level of cellular γH2AX and increased the expression of Ligase4, which suggests BBR induces the double-strand breaks (DSB). These results thus demonstrated that BBR induced DSB, subsequently increased the release of cytochrome c and eventually triggered the caspase9-dependent apoptosis. In addition, we used a MDA-MB-231 mouse-xenograftmodel to evaluate the effect of BBR on tumor growth. BBR suppressed tumor growth and increased caspase-9 levels in xenograft tumors through immunohistochemistry analysis (P<0.01). Taken together, these results demonstrate that BBR activates caspase-9/cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis to inhibit the growth of TNBC breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zuolei Jing
- Department of Institute of Gene Engineering Animal Models for Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jintao Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xuejiao Cao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zinan Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Pixu Liu
- Cancer Stem Cells Research Institute, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Weifeng Mao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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11
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Next-generation sequencing of circulating tumor DNA to predict recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. NPJ Breast Cancer 2017; 3:24. [PMID: 28685160 PMCID: PMC5495776 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-017-0028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing to detect circulating tumor DNA is a minimally invasive method for tumor genotyping and monitoring therapeutic response. The majority of studies have focused on detecting circulating tumor DNA from patients with metastatic disease. Herein, we tested whether circulating tumor DNA could be used as a biomarker to predict relapse in triple-negative breast cancer patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In this study, we analyzed samples from 38 early-stage triple-negative breast cancer patients with matched tumor, blood, and plasma. Extracted DNA underwent library preparation and amplification using the Oncomine Research Panel consisting of 134 cancer genes, followed by high-coverage sequencing and bioinformatics. We detected high-quality somatic mutations from primary tumors in 33 of 38 patients. TP53 mutations were the most prevalent (82%) followed by PIK3CA (16%). Of the 33 patients who had a mutation identified in their primary tumor, we were able to detect circulating tumor DNA mutations in the plasma of four patients (three TP53 mutations, one AKT1 mutation, one CDKN2A mutation). All four patients had recurrence of their disease (100% specificity), but sensitivity was limited to detecting only 4 of 13 patients who clinically relapsed (31% sensitivity). Notably, all four patients had a rapid recurrence (0.3, 4.0, 5.3, and 8.9 months). Patients with detectable circulating tumor DNA had an inferior disease free survival (p < 0.0001; median disease-free survival: 4.6 mos. vs. not reached; hazard ratio = 12.6, 95% confidence interval: 3.06–52.2). Our study shows that next-generation circulating tumor DNA sequencing of triple-negative breast cancer patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy can predict recurrence with high specificity, but moderate sensitivity. For those patients where circulating tumor DNA is detected, recurrence is rapid. A blood test can detect disease recurrence among women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but lacks sensitivity for distant relapse. A team led by Milan Radovich from Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis, USA, analyzed tumor and blood plasma samples from 38 patients with TNBC who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy to see whether they could find evidence of mutated tumor DNA circulating in the blood after surgery that might predict cancer relapse. This kind of “liquid biopsy” has shown promise for patients with metastatic disease, but it has been tested less extensively in people with earlier-stage disease. The researchers’ blood test picked up tumor DNA in four patients after surgery, all of whom experienced disease recurrence. However, it missed nine other cases of relapse—indicating that the test has high specificity, but only moderate sensitivity.
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12
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Gangapuram M, Jean R, Mazzio E, Badisa R, Eyunni S, Goodman CB, Redda KK, Soliman KF. Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines as Microtubule-destabilizing Agents in Triple Negative Human Breast Cancer Cells. Anticancer Res 2017; 36:5043-5052. [PMID: 27798863 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.11073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) occurs at greater frequency amongst African-Americans, being characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2). TNBC is often invasive and typically treated with cytostatic agents such as taxanes in combination with anthracyclines or platinum-based drugs. In this study, we synthesized a number of tetrahydroisoquinoline moieties by N-amination of substituted isoquinolines by O-mesytelene sulfonylhydroxylamine followed by ylide formation and reduction, which yielded the desired, substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) in moderate to good yield. Using a differential scatter plot to identify potential selective ER-modulating drugs in ER-positive control cells (MCF-7) driven by estradiol vs. TNBC (MDA-MB-231) cells, the in vitro data showed an absence of effects on the ER (compared to 4-hydroxytamoxifen and raloxifene). In contrast, two lead compounds halted proliferation (cytostatic) in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells at a potency level below 2.5 μM concomitant with mitotic arrest, attenuated replicative DNA synthesis, halted microtubule nucleation/stunted tubulin polymerization, abnormal expansive cytoskeletal tubulin and actin morphologies with multinucleation of cells. The most effective cytostatic compounds GM-4-53 and GM-3-121 blocked replicative processes at the G2 growth phase. These findings suggest that specific THIQs work independently of the ER, by holding static the microtubule network thereby preventing mitosis. Future work is required to establish the safety and efficacy of these drugs and their potential adjunct therapeutic gain in the presence of taxanes in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Gangapuram
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Riccardo Jean
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Ramesh Badisa
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Suresh Eyunni
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Carl B Goodman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Kinfe K Redda
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Karam F Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A.
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Kuo YH, Chiang EPI, Chao CY, Rodriguez RL, Chou PY, Tsai SY, Pai MH, Tang FY. Dual Inhibition of Key Proliferation Signaling Pathways in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by a Novel Derivative of Taiwanin A. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:480-493. [PMID: 27956520 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of breast cancer cells obtained by blocking the aberrant activation of the proliferation signaling pathways PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MEK/ERK has received considerable attention in recent years. Previous studies showed that Taiwanin A inhibited the proliferation of several types of cancer cells. In this study, we report that 3,4-bis-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene-dihydrofuran (BTMB), a novel derivative of Taiwanin A, significantly inhibited the proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells both in vitro and in vivo The results show that BTMB inhibited the proliferation of human TNBC cells by the induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion. BTMB inhibited the expression of β-catenin, cdc2 and the cell-cycle regulatory proteins, cyclin A, cyclin D1, and cyclin E. The mechanism of action was associated with the suppression of cell survival signaling through inactivation of the Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Moreover, BTMB induced cell apoptosis through an increase in the expression of BAX, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP. Moreover, BTMB inhibited TNBC cell colony formation and sensitized TNBC cells to cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic drug. In a TNBC mouse xenograft model, BTMB significantly inhibited the growth of mammary carcinomas through decreased expression of cyclin D1. BTMB was shown to significantly suppress the growth of mammary carcinoma and therefore to have potential as an anticancer therapeutic agent. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(3); 480-93. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, PR China
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, PR China
| | - En-Pei Isabel Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, PR China
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, PR China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Che-Yi Chao
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, PR China
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Raymond L Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Pei-Yu Chou
- Biomedical Science Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Shu-Yao Tsai
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Man-Hui Pai
- Department of Anatomy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Feng-Yao Tang
- Biomedical Science Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, PR China.
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14
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Murata S, Zhang C, Finch N, Zhang K, Campo L, Breuer EK. Predictors and Modulators of Synthetic Lethality: An Update on PARP Inhibitors and Personalized Medicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2346585. [PMID: 27642590 PMCID: PMC5013223 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2346585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have proven to be successful agents in inducing synthetic lethality in several malignancies. Several PARP inhibitors have reached clinical trial testing for treatment in different cancers, and, recently, Olaparib (AZD2281) has gained both United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and the European Commission (EC) approval for use in BRCA-mutated advanced ovarian cancer treatment. The need to identify biomarkers, their interactions in DNA damage repair pathways, and their potential utility in identifying patients who are candidates for PARP inhibitor treatment is well recognized. In this review, we detail many of the biomarkers that have been investigated for their ability to predict both PARP inhibitor sensitivity and resistance in preclinical studies as well as the results of several clinical trials that have tested the safety and efficacy of different PARP inhibitor agents in BRCA and non-BRCA-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Murata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Catherine Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Nathan Finch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Kevin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Loredana Campo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Eun-Kyoung Breuer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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15
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Wu ST, Sun GH, Cha TL, Kao CC, Chang SY, Kuo SC, Way TD. CSC-3436 switched tamoxifen-induced autophagy to apoptosis through the inhibition of AMPK/mTOR pathway. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:60. [PMID: 27526942 PMCID: PMC4986227 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks specific therapeutic target and limits to chemotherapy and is essential to develop novel therapeutic regimens. Increasing studies indicated that tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), has anti-tumor therapeutic effect in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-negative tumor. Here, we determined whether autophagy was activated by tamoxifen in TNBC cells. Moreover, CSC-3436 displayed strong and selective growth inhibition on cancer cells. Next, we investigated the anti-proliferation effect of combination of CSC-3436 plus tamoxifen on cell death in TNBC cells. Results Our study found that tamoxifen induces autophagy in TNBC cells. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and AMPK/mTOR contributed tamoxifen-induced autophagy. Interestingly, in combination treatment with CSC-3436 enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of tamoxifen. We found that CSC-3436 switched tamoxifen-induced autophagy to apoptosis via cleavage of ATG-5. Moreover, AMPK/mTOR pathway may involve in CSC-3436 switched tamoxifen-induced autophagy to apoptosis. The combination of tamoxifen and CSC-3436 produced stronger tumor growth inhibition compared with CSC-3436 or tamoxifen alone treatments in vivo. Conclusion These data indicated that CSC-3436 combined with tamoxifen may be a potential approach for treatment TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tang Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Huan Sun
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Lung Cha
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Kao
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sun-Yran Chang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Graduate institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan R.O.C.
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan R.O.C. .,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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16
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Meseure D, Vacher S, Drak Alsibai K, Trassard M, Nicolas A, Leclere R, Lerebours F, Guinebretiere JM, Marangoni E, Lidereau R, Bieche I. Biopathological Significance of TLR9 Expression in Cancer Cells and Tumor Microenvironment Across Invasive Breast Carcinomas Subtypes. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2016; 9:107-118. [PMID: 27392414 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-016-0186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors mainly expressed by cells of the immune system but also by epithelial tumor cells. Little is known about expression patterns of TLR genes in breast tumors, and their clinical significance is unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate expression of TLRs pathway components in pre-invasive breast lesions and invasive breast carcinomas (IBCs). We used RT-PCR assays to quantify mRNA levels of the 10 TLR genes and genes involved in TLR pathways in 350 breast tumors from patients with known clinical/pathological status and long-term outcome. Sets of 158 breast samples were also analyzed by immunochemistry including; 40 early noninvasive breast lesions, 38 IBCs and 80 triple negative carcinomas subtype (TNCs). We identified TLR9 as the major TLR gene family member upregulated in breast tumors and more particularly in TNCs. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that TLR9 protein was expressed in tumor epithelial and stromal cells of the TLR9 mRNA-overexpressing tumors. TLR9 overexpression appears very early during breast carcinogenesis. High TLR9 levels were associated with favorable outcome in the TNC sub-group. TLR9 overexpression was associated with alterations of down-stream components of the TLR9 signaling pathway, epithelio-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction and EGFR pathway deregulation. TNCs with TLR9 overexpression were significantly correlated with development of a fibrous and inflammatory microenvironment with variable status of nuclear phosphoSTAT3. Our results suggest that TLR9 could play a role in TNC carcinogenesis and could be useful as predictive biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Meseure
- Unit of Pharmacogenomics, Curie Institute, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248, Paris Cedex 05, France. .,Platform of Investigative Pathology, Curie Institute, Paris, France. .,Department of Biopathology, Curie Institute, Paris, France.
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Unit of Pharmacogenomics, Curie Institute, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | | | - André Nicolas
- Platform of Investigative Pathology, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Renaud Leclere
- Department of Biopathology, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Florence Lerebours
- Unit of Pharmacogenomics, Curie Institute, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Translational Research Department, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Rosette Lidereau
- Unit of Pharmacogenomics, Curie Institute, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Unit of Pharmacogenomics, Curie Institute, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248, Paris Cedex 05, France.,EA 7331, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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17
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Park JH, Vithayathil S, Kumar S, Sung PL, Dobrolecki LE, Putluri V, Bhat VB, Bhowmik SK, Gupta V, Arora K, Wu D, Tsouko E, Zhang Y, Maity S, Donti TR, Graham BH, Frigo DE, Coarfa C, Yotnda P, Putluri N, Sreekumar A, Lewis MT, Creighton CJ, Wong LJC, Kaipparettu BA. Fatty Acid Oxidation-Driven Src Links Mitochondrial Energy Reprogramming and Oncogenic Properties in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2154-2165. [PMID: 26923594 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmitochondrial cybrids and multiple OMICs approaches were used to understand mitochondrial reprogramming and mitochondria-regulated cancer pathways in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Analysis of cybrids and established breast cancer (BC) cell lines showed that metastatic TNBC maintains high levels of ATP through fatty acid β oxidation (FAO) and activates Src oncoprotein through autophosphorylation at Y419. Manipulation of FAO including the knocking down of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A (CPT1) and 2 (CPT2), the rate-limiting proteins of FAO, and analysis of patient-derived xenograft models confirmed the role of mitochondrial FAO in Src activation and metastasis. Analysis of TCGA and other independent BC clinical data further reaffirmed the role of mitochondrial FAO and CPT genes in Src regulation and their significance in BC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyoung Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sajna Vithayathil
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pi-Lin Sung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | | | - Vasanta Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Salil Kumar Bhowmik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vineet Gupta
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kavisha Arora
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Danli Wu
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Efrosini Tsouko
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suman Maity
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Taraka R Donti
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; Genomic Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patricia Yotnda
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lee-Jun C Wong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Benny Abraham Kaipparettu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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18
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Dufour R, Daumar P, Mounetou E, Aubel C, Kwiatkowski F, Abrial C, Vatoux C, Penault-Llorca F, Bamdad M. BCRP and P-gp relay overexpression in triple negative basal-like breast cancer cell line: a prospective role in resistance to Olaparib. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12670. [PMID: 26234720 PMCID: PMC4522660 DOI: 10.1038/srep12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The triple negative basal-like (TNBL) breast carcinoma is an aggressive and unfavorable prognosis disease. Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase such as Olaparib could represent a promising targeted therapy but their sensitivity against Multidrug Resistance proteins (MDR), which causes resistance, is not well defined. Thus, our work focused on the analysis of P-gp and BCRP coexpression in the SUM1315 TNBL human cell line, in correlation with Olaparib intracellular concentration. Western blot analyses showed a clear coexpression of P-gp and BCRP in SUM1315 cells. A low cytotoxic Olaparib treatment clearly led to an increased expression of both BCRP and P-gp in these cells. Indeed, after 1.5 h of treatment, BCRP expression was increased with a 1.8 fold increase rate. Then, P-gp took over from 3 h to 15 h with an average increase rate of 1.8 fold, and finally returned to control value at 24 h. HPLC-UV analyses showed that, in the same treatment conditions, the intracellular Olaparib concentration increased from 1 h to 3 h and remained relatively stable until 24 h. Results suggest that the resistance mechanism induced by Olaparib in TNBL SUM1315 cell line may be overpassed if a cytotoxic and stable intracellular level of the drug can be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Dufour
- 1] Clermont Université - Université d'Auvergne - ERTICa - EA 4677 - Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Ensemble universitaire des Cézeaux, B.P. 86 - 63172 AUBIERE CEDEX, France [2] Clermont Université - Université d'Auvergne - ERTICa - EA 4677. Centre Jean Perrin, 58 Rue Montalembert, BP 392 - 63011 CLERMONT-FERRAND CEDEX France
| | - Pierre Daumar
- Clermont Université - Université d'Auvergne - ERTICa - EA 4677 - Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Ensemble universitaire des Cézeaux, B.P. 86 - 63172 AUBIERE CEDEX, France
| | - Emmanuelle Mounetou
- UMR 990 INSERM - Université d'Auvergne, BP 184, 63005 CLERMONT-FERRAND CEDEX, France
| | - Corinne Aubel
- Clermont Université - Université d'Auvergne - ERTICa - EA 4677. Faculté de médecine, 28 place Henri Dunant, BP 38 - 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabrice Kwiatkowski
- Clermont Université - Université d'Auvergne - ERTICa - EA 4677. Centre Jean Perrin, 58 Rue Montalembert, BP 392 - 63011 CLERMONT-FERRAND CEDEX France
| | - Catherine Abrial
- Clermont Université - Université d'Auvergne - ERTICa - EA 4677. Centre Jean Perrin, 58 Rue Montalembert, BP 392 - 63011 CLERMONT-FERRAND CEDEX France
| | - Catherine Vatoux
- Clermont Université - Université d'Auvergne - ERTICa - EA 4677 - Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Ensemble universitaire des Cézeaux, B.P. 86 - 63172 AUBIERE CEDEX, France
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- Clermont Université - Université d'Auvergne - ERTICa - EA 4677. Centre Jean Perrin, 58 Rue Montalembert, BP 392 - 63011 CLERMONT-FERRAND CEDEX France
| | - Mahchid Bamdad
- Clermont Université - Université d'Auvergne - ERTICa - EA 4677 - Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Ensemble universitaire des Cézeaux, B.P. 86 - 63172 AUBIERE CEDEX, France
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19
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McCrudden CM, O’Rourke MG, Cherry KE, Yuen HF, O’Rourke D, Babur M, Telfer BA, Thomas HD, Keane P, Nambirajan T, Hagan C, O’Sullivan JM, Shaw C, Williams KJ, Curtin NJ, Hirst DG, Robson T. Vasoactivity of rucaparib, a PARP-1 inhibitor, is a complex process that involves myosin light chain kinase, P2 receptors, and PARP itself. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118187. [PMID: 25689628 PMCID: PMC4331495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), as monotherapy or to supplement the potencies of other agents, is a promising strategy in cancer treatment. We previously reported that the first PARP inhibitor to enter clinical trial, rucaparib (AG014699), induced vasodilation in vivo in xenografts, potentiating response to temozolomide. We now report that rucaparib inhibits the activity of the muscle contraction mediator myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) 10-fold more potently than its commercially available inhibitor ML-9. Moreover, rucaparib produces additive relaxation above the maximal degree achievable with ML-9, suggesting that MLCK inhibition is not solely responsible for dilation. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis using L-NMMA also failed to impact rucaparib’s activity. Rucaparib contains the nicotinamide pharmacophore, suggesting it may inhibit other NAD+-dependent processes. NAD+ exerts P2 purinergic receptor-dependent inhibition of smooth muscle contraction. Indiscriminate blockade of the P2 purinergic receptors with suramin abrogated rucaparib-induced vasodilation in rat arterial tissue without affecting ML-9-evoked dilation, although the specific receptor subtypes responsible have not been unequivocally identified. Furthermore, dorsal window chamber and real time tumor vessel perfusion analyses in PARP-1-/- mice indicate a potential role for PARP in dilation of tumor-recruited vessels. Finally, rucaparib provoked relaxation in 70% of patient-derived tumor-associated vessels. These data provide tantalising evidence of the complexity of the mechanism underlying rucaparib-mediated vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian M. McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Kim E. Cherry
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Hiu-Fung Yuen
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Declan O’Rourke
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Babur
- Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brian A. Telfer
- Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Huw D. Thomas
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Keane
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chris Hagan
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Joe M. O’Sullivan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Shaw
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Kaye J. Williams
- Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J. Curtin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Hirst
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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20
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Proia DA, Zhang C, Sequeira M, Jimenez JP, He S, Spector N, Shapiro GI, Tolaney S, Nagai M, Acquaviva J, Smith DL, Sang J, Bates RC, El-Hariry I. Preclinical Activity Profile and Therapeutic Efficacy of the HSP90 Inhibitor Ganetespib in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:413-24. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Afrasiabi Z, Stovall P, Finley K, Choudhury A, Barnes C, Ahmad A, Sarkar F, Vyas A, Padhye S. Targeting triple negative breast cancer cells by N3-substituted 9,10-phenanthrenequinone thiosemicarbazones and their metal complexes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 114:114-119. [PMID: 23770498 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel N(3)-substituted 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone thiosemicarbazones and their copper, nickel and palladium complexes are structurally characterized and reported along with the single crystal X-ray structures of three ligands and one nickel complex. All compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative potential against Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cells which have poor prognosis and no effective drugs to treat with. All compounds exhibited antiproliferative activity against these cells. Among the metal complexes evaluated, redox active copper complexes were found to be more potent. The possible mechanism for such enhanced activity can be attributed to the generation of oxidative stress, which was amenable for targeting through metal complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Afrasiabi
- Department of Life & Physical Sciences, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA.
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22
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Dreyer G, Vandorpe T, Smeets A, Forceville K, Brouwers B, Neven P, Janssens H, Deraedt K, Moerman P, Van Calster B, Christiaens MR, Paridaens R, Wildiers H. Triple negative breast cancer: clinical characteristics in the different histological subtypes. Breast 2013; 22:761-6. [PMID: 23416046 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the clinical behavior of triple negative breast cancer (TNC), including age distribution, occurrence of LN (lymph node) invasion and prognosis in different histological subtypes. METHODS For this cohort study we used data on 476 patients with newly diagnosed TNC at the University Hospitals Leuven (Belgium) between 1999 and 2009. Of these, 395 received upfront surgery, 68 neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 21 had metastases at diagnosis. RESULTS Apocrine and invasive lobular TNC occur more often in older patients compared to IDC-NOS. Of the primarily operated patients with TNC, 35.1% has pathological LN involvement. There were no significant differences in nodal invasion between different histological subtypes, but most subtypes contained few patients. In contrast to previous reports, 6/14 of apocrine TNC had LN involvement. Disease free survival (DFS) was different in different histological subtypes, but group sizes were insufficient to be able to draw firm conclusions. Within the histologically 'homogeneous' IDC-NOS group with primary surgery and outcome data (n = 300), DFS with 3.5 year median follow-up decreased with increasing age, but chemotherapy and radiotherapy were much less frequently given with increasing age. In multivariable analysis, lower age, presence of LN involvement, lack of administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy were significant predictors of relapse. CONCLUSION TNC is not a uniform disease. Different histological subtypes have different age distribution and behavior. The prognosis of the most common histological subgroup, IDC-NOS, is better in older patients, but this is counterbalanced by significantly decreased use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geertje Dreyer
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Glénisson M, Vacher S, Callens C, Susini A, Cizeron-Clairac G, Le Scodan R, Meseure D, Lerebours F, Spyratos F, Lidereau R, Bièche I. Identification of new candidate therapeutic target genes in triple-negative breast cancer. Genes Cancer 2012; 3:63-70. [PMID: 22893791 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912449832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subgroup of breast cancer that is negative for estrogen and progesterone receptor and ERBB2 protein expression. It is characterized by its aggressive behavior and by the lack of targeted therapies. To identify new therapeutic targets in TNBC, we used real-time quantitative RT-PCR to analyze 63 TNBC samples in terms of their mRNA expression of 26 genes coding for the major proteins currently targeted by drugs used to treat other cancers or undergoing clinical trials in breast cancer. Six of the 26 genes tested (VEGFA, SRC, PARP1, PTK2, RAF1, and FGFR3) were significantly upregulated in 13% to 46% of the TNBCs. None of the 6 genes was specifically upregulated in the TNBCs compared with 3 other classical breast tumor subtypes. No association was observed between overexpression of these 6 genes (except for FGFR3) and PIK3CA mutation status. These results confirm the interest of targeting VEGFA and PARP1 in ongoing clinical trials in TNBC patients and also identify new target genes (SRC, PTK2, RAF1, and FGFR3). Clinical trials could be initiated easily with existing drugs. Our results also suggest that these target genes might serve as predictive biomarkers of the TNBC treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Glénisson
- Laboratory of Oncogenetic, Institut Curie, Hôpital René Huguenin, St-Cloud, France
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Tsutsumi Y. Apocrine carcinoma as triple-negative breast cancer: novel definition of apocrine-type carcinoma as estrogen/progesterone receptor-negative and androgen receptor-positive invasive ductal carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2012; 42:375-86. [PMID: 22450930 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hys034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apocrine carcinoma, a subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, expresses androgen receptor (AR), but often lacks estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR). In the present study, the author immunohistochemically defined apocrine-type carcinoma as ER-/PgR-/AR+ invasive ductal carcinoma and analyzed the significance of apocrine-type carcinoma as triple-negative breast cancer. METHODS Four hundred and forty breast cancers from 429 cases were immunostained for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2), p53, Ki-67 and epidermal growth factor receptor. The lesions included 58 in situ malignancies (including 13 apocrine-type lesions) and 325 invasive ductal carcinomas (including 44 apocrine type). RESULTS Of 91 estrogen receptor-negative invasive ductal carcinomas, 44 (48%) belonged to apocrine-type carcinoma, and overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 and p53 was observed in 23 (52%) and 33 (75%), respectively. Histologically, 22 (50%) were categorized as classical apocrine carcinoma. Among 281 non-apocrine invasive ductal carcinomas, 30 (11%) were quadruple-negative (ER-/PgR-/AR-/HER2-) and 17 (6%) were hormone receptor-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-overexpressed. Invasive ductal carcinomas in the triple-negative breast cancer category (n= 51) were divided into triple-negative, androgen receptor-positive (apocrine, n= 21) and quadruple-negative (non-apocrine, n= 30). p53 overexpression was more often seen in the apocrine-type triple-negative breast cancer (18/21 = 86%) than in the non-apocrine type (14/30 = 46%) (P< 0.05). Ki-67 labeling was significantly higher in the non-apocrine type (58%) than in the apocrine type (37%) (P< 0.01). Epidermal growth factor receptor is consistently expressed in triple-negative breast cancers (16/16 = 100% in apocrine and 18/20 = 90% in non-apocrine). CONCLUSIONS Androgen receptor should be added to immunohistochemical panels, since apocrine-type invasive ductal carcinoma, resembling basal-like phenotypes, may show clinical behaviors different from the basal-like triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
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Adamo V, Ricciardi G, De Placido S, Colucci G, Conte P, Giuffrida D, Gebbia N, Masci G, Cognetti F, Dondi D, Venturini M. Management and treatment of triple-negative breast cancer patients from the NEMESI study: An Italian experience. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:642-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Davies E, Hiscox S. New therapeutic approaches in breast cancer. Maturitas 2011; 68:121-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Pal SK, Childs BH, Pegram M. Triple negative breast cancer: unmet medical needs. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 125:627-36. [PMID: 21161370 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive clinical phenotype characterized by lack of expression (or minimal expression) of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) as well as an absence of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) overexpression. It shows substantial overlap with basal-type and BRCA1-related breast cancers, both of which also have aggressive clinical courses. However, this overlap is not complete, and the expression of ER, PR, and HER2 has been noted in basal-like tumors. TNBC also includes the normal-like subtype, and not all patients with TNBC harbor BRCA1 mutations. Because of its expression profile, TNBC is not amenable to treatment with hormone therapy or the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, and systemic treatment options are currently limited to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Overall survival, whether in early-stage or advanced disease, is poor compared with that in patients who have other phenotypes. A number of targeted approaches to TNBC are undergoing clinical evaluation, including the use of agents with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitory properties such as iniparib (the United States Adopted Name for the investigational agent BSI-201), olaparib (AZD2281), and veliparib (ABT-888), antiangiogenic agents such as bevacizumab and sunitinib, and epidermal growth factor receptor blockers such as cetuximab and erlotinib. Encouraging results with some of these agents have been reported, thereby offering the promise for improved outcomes in patients with TNBC. The clinical characteristics of TNBC and clinical experience to date with novel targeted agents under development for this aggressive phenotype is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Kumar Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Genitourinary Malignancies, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Rubovszky G, Udvarhelyi N, Horváth Z, Láng I, Kásler M. [Triple-negative breast carcinoma--rewiev of current literature]. Magy Onkol 2010; 54:325-335. [PMID: 21163763 DOI: 10.1556/monkol.54.2010.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. Approximately 15% of cases belong to the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) group, in which no estrogen/progesterone receptors, or HER2 expression is detected. The unfavorable prognosis of this group of patients, as well as the lack of effective targeted therapy makes TNBC the subject of intensive research. In the present study, we searched PubMed for publications from January 2007 to June 2009 with the following key-words in addition to "breast cancer" and "triple negative": "epidemiology" or "gene-profile" or "predictive" or "prognostic" or "therapy" or "review". A total of 513 publications were identified. Relevant references were also reviewed. Beyond the well-known facts that TNBC affects younger patients, and is more common among Afro- or Hispano-Americans with lower socioeconomic status, hormonal environment and obesity emerged as potential etiologic factors. TNBC is not a homogenous disease. It can be further sub-classified based on histomorphologic features and immunohistochemistry. Hereditary BRCA1 mutations as well as acquired BRCA1 disfunction are described to be common in TNBC. Previously, many investigators considered TNBC to be identical to a subgroup called basal-like breast cancer defined by gene expression micro-array technology, but in the light of more recent findings, this view is no longer accepted by most investigators. Several large studies provide evidence that triple negativity, per se, is an independent adverse prognostic factor, in spite of the fact that approximately 10% of TNBC patients have a good prognosis. The therapy of choice for TNBC is systemic chemotherapy. Promising novel targeted chemotherapeutic agents include PARP1 inhibitors, a new group of compounds exploiting the defective DNA repair machinery. Rubovszky G, Udvarhelyi N, Horváth Z, Láng I, Kásler M. Triple negative breast carcinoma - rewiev of current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Rubovszky
- Országos Onkológiai Intézet 1122 Budapest Ráth György u. 7-9.
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Treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC): current options and future perspectives. Cancer Treat Rev 2010; 36 Suppl 3:S80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s0305-7372(10)70025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Saxena R, Dwivedi A. ErbB family receptor inhibitors as therapeutic agents in breast cancer: Current status and future clinical perspective. Med Res Rev 2010; 32:166-215. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Perou's molecular classification defines tumors that neither express hormone receptors nor overexpress HER2 as triple-negative (TN) tumors. These tumors account for approximately 15% of breast cancers. The so-called basaloid tumors are not always synonymous with TN tumors; they differ in the fact that they express different molecular markers, have a higher histologic grade, and have a worse prognosis. Clinically they occur in younger women as interval cancer, and the risk of recurrence is higher within the first 3 years. Distant recurrences in the brain and visceral metastases are more common than in hormone receptor-positive tumors. Therapeutically, despite being highly chemosensitive, their progression-free time is generally short. In terms of chemotherapeutic treatment, anthracyclines and taxanes are useful drugs, and high response rates have been described for the combination of ixabepilone-capecitabine and platinums. The combination with antiangiogenic drugs has also proven useful. A group of new drugs, poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase inhibitors, showed favorable results in TN tumors with BRCA mutation. There are currently several ongoing studies with new drugs including epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, c-kit inhibitors, Raf/Mek/Map kinase inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo D Chacón
- Oncology Department, Instituto Alexander Fleming, Cramer 1180, zip code 1426 ANZ, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Atipairin A, Canyuk B, Ratanaphan A. Cisplatin Affects the Conformation of Apo Form, not Holo Form, of BRCA1 RING Finger Domain and Confers Thermal Stability. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:1949-67. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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34
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The efficacy and safety of gemcitabine plus paclitaxel combination first-line therapy for Japanese patients with metastatic breast cancer including triple-negative phenotype. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 67:1007-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ferraris DV. Evolution of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors. From concept to clinic. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4561-84. [PMID: 20364863 DOI: 10.1021/jm100012m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana V Ferraris
- Johns Hopkins University Brain Science Institute, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Masuda H, Masuda N, Kodama Y, Ogawa M, Karita M, Yamamura J, Tsukuda K, Doihara H, Miyoshi S, Mano M, Nakamori S, Tsujinaka T. Predictive factors for the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 67:911-7. [PMID: 20593180 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) do not derive benefit from molecular-targeted treatments such as endocrine therapy or anti-HER2 therapy because they lack those molecular targets. On the other hand, TNBCs have been shown to respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). In this study, we analyzed TNBC patients who were treated with NAC at Osaka National Hospital over a recent 5-year period to clarify the predictive factors for NAC and prognostic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-three TNBC patients underwent sequential NAC with anthracycline (FEC100: 5FU 500 mg/m(2), epirubicin 100 mg/m(2), and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m(2)/q3w, 4 courses) and taxanes (paclitaxel 80 mg/m(2)/qw, 12 courses or docetaxel 75 mg/m(2)/q3w, 4 courses) from May 2003 to July 2008. Pre-therapeutical and surgical specimens were studied for expressions of ER, PgR, HER-2, EGFR, cytokeratin 5/6, Ki-67, p53 and androgen receptor by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We analyzed clinicopathological factors and molecular markers in regard to the response to NAC and prognosis. RESULTS Pathological complete response (pCR) was achieved in 12 TNBC patients (36%). The pCR rate in the basal-like phenotype was significantly lower than in the non-basal-like phenotype (23 vs. 64%, respectively: P = 0.02). High pre-operative expressions of Ki-67 (≥50%) and HER-2 (2+) were considered as predictive factors for a better response from NAC. Pre-operative Ki-67 expression showed a significant correlation with disease-free survival (DFS) and a lower expression of Ki-67 (<50%) after NAC was favorable for DFS among non-pCR patients. CONCLUSIONS A non-basal-like phenotype and higher expressions of Ki-67 and HER-2 (2+) were favorable factors for NAC. However, a higher expression of Ki-67 on the surgical specimen after NAC was also a poor prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Masuda
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
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Lee JS, Fackler MJ, Lee JH, Choi C, Park MH, Yoon JH, Zhang Z, Sukumar S. Basal-like breast cancer displays distinct patterns of promoter methylation. Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 9:1017-24. [PMID: 20505321 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.9.12.11804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent microarray profiling studies on breast cancer have identified distinct subtypes that are associated with different clinical outcomes. Promoter hypermethylation of several known or putative tumor suppressor genes occurs frequently during the pathogenesis of breast cancer. We proposed that immunohistopathologic subtypes of breast cancer are likely to contain distinct promoter methylation patterns. A panel of 10 gene promoters was assessed by quantitative multiplex methylation-specific PCR in 114 invasive ductal carcinomas from Korea representing the three major subtypes [57 luminal, 24 human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), and 33 basal-like] based on immunohistochemical findings of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2, cytokeratin 5/6 and epidermal growth factor receptor. The median methylation levels of HIN1, RASSF1A and TWIST, and the average methylation ratio were significantly lower in basal-like subtype compared to luminal or HER2 subtypes. In contrast, BRCA1 methylation level was significantly higher in basal-like subtype than in luminal subtype. The methylation status of a panel of four genes (APC1, CDH, BRCA1 and RAR-β) in luminal and HER2 subtypes were dissimilar, where HER2 tumors showed a significantly higher level of methylation compared to luminal tumors. These results suggest that gene methylation in breast cancer can potentially serve as epigenetic biomarkers and may contribute further to current breast cancer classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Shin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, South Korea
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Sandhu R, Parker JS, Jones WD, Livasy CA, Coleman WB. Microarray-Based Gene Expression Profiling for Molecular Classification of Breast Cancer and Identification of New Targets for Therapy. Lab Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1309/lmlik0vie3cjk0wd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Onami S, Ozaki M, Mortimer JE, Pal SK. Male breast cancer: an update in diagnosis, treatment and molecular profiling. Maturitas 2010; 65:308-14. [PMID: 20138719 PMCID: PMC3253821 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of female breast cancer, resulting in a decline in incidence and a global improvement in clinical outcome. The statistics for male breast cancer (MBC) stand in sharp contrast-over the past several decades, there has been a steady rise in the incidence of this disease, and clinical outcome has improved at a much slower pace. In the current review, the clinicopathologic features of MBC are described in detail. An emphasis is placed on molecular profiling of MBC, which may identify candidate biomarkers and putative targets for pharmacologic intervention. The current role of cytotoxic chemotherapy and endocrine therapy (including tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors and GnRH analogues) is defined in the context of currently available studies. Furthermore, the potential role of targeted agents, including HER2-directed therapies, PARP inhibitors, and angiogenesis inhibitors, is delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Onami
- Division of Genitourinary Malignancies, Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 are specific biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer. Results from a controlled randomized trial with long-term follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 120:491-8. [PMID: 20135347 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNB) has poor prognosis and moreover patients with TNB do not benefit from established targeted drugs with endocrine therapy or trastuzumab. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of candidate biomarkers in tumors from patients with TNB. Tissue microarrays were prepared from primary tumors from premenopausal breast cancer patients (500/564) randomized to adjuvant tamoxifen or no adjuvant treatment. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining included ER, PR, HER2, epidermal receptor growth factor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). EGFR and HER2 gene copy number was defined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). All patients were included in the descriptive analysis, but only untreated patients in the survival analysis. TNB was diagnosed in 96 patients and correlated significantly to low age, Nottingham histological grade (NHG) III, high Ki67-index, T2 tumors, node negativity, EGFR positivity, increased EGFR gene copy number and high VEGFR2 expression. TNB was an independent prognostic factor for decreased 5-year breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) (HR 2.0 (95% CI 1.1-3.6), P = 0.01), but not for 10-year BCSS. High VEGFR2 expression was significantly correlated to decreased BCSS in TNB patients. TNB was associated with decreased BCSS and clinicopathological characteristics of an aggressive tumor type. High VEGFR2 expression, EGFR expression, and EGFR gene copy number were significantly correlated to TNB, supporting their role as putative candidate biomarkers for selection of targeted therapy in TNB.
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