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Jo G, Chae JB, Jung SA, Lyu J, Chung H, Lee JH. Sulfated CXCR3 Peptide Trap Use as a Promising Therapeutic Approach for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Biomedicines 2024; 12:241. [PMID: 38275412 PMCID: PMC10813770 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Chemokines have various biological functions and potential roles in the development or progression of neuroinflammatory diseases. However, the specific pathogenic roles of chemokines in the major cause for vision loss among the elderly, the leading cause of blindness in older individuals, remain elusive. Chemokines interact with their receptors expressed in the endothelium and on leukocytes. The sulfation of tyrosine residues in chemokine receptors increases the strength of ligand-receptor interaction and modulates signaling. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to construct a human recombinant sulfated CXCR3 peptide trap (hCXCR3-S2) and mouse recombinant sulfated CXCR3 peptide trap (mCXCR3-S2) to demonstrate in vivo effects in preventing choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and chemotaxis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We generated expression vectors for mCXCR3-S2 and hCXCR3-S2 with GST domains and their respective cDNA sequences. Following overexpression in E. coli BL21 (DE3), we purified the fusion proteins from cell lysates using affinity chromatography. First, the impact of hCXCR3-S2 was validated in vitro. Subsequently, the in vivo efficacy of mCXCR3-S2 was investigated using a laser-induced CNV mouse model, a mouse model of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). RESULTS hCXCR3-S2 inhibited the migration and invasion of two human cancer cell lines. Intravitreal injection of mCXCR3-S2 attenuated CNV and macrophage recruitment in neovascular lesions of mouse models. These in vitro and in vivo effects were significantly stronger with CXCR3-S2 than with wild-type CXCR3 peptides. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the sulfated form of the CXCR3 peptide trap is a valuable tool that could be supplemented with antivascular endothelial growth factors in AMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gukheui Jo
- Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Kim’s Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 07301, Republic of Korea; (G.J.); (S.-A.J.)
| | - Jae-Byoung Chae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University College of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun-Ah Jung
- Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Kim’s Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 07301, Republic of Korea; (G.J.); (S.-A.J.)
| | - Jungmook Lyu
- Department of Medical Science, Konyang University, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University College of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Joon H. Lee
- Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Kim’s Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 07301, Republic of Korea; (G.J.); (S.-A.J.)
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Khachigian LM, Liew G, Teo KYC, Wong TY, Mitchell P. Emerging therapeutic strategies for unmet need in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. J Transl Med 2023; 21:133. [PMID: 36810060 PMCID: PMC9942398 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents, such as ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibercept, brolucizumab and faricimab have revolutionized the clinical management of nAMD. However, there remains an unmet clinical need for new and improved therapies for nAMD, since many patients do not respond optimally, may lose response over time or exhibit sub-optimal durability, impacting on real world effectiveness. Evidence is emerging that targeting VEGF-A alone, as most agents have done until recently, may be insufficient and agents that target multiple pathways (e.g., aflibercept, faricimab and others in development) may be more efficacious. This article reviews issues and limitations that have arisen from the use of existing anti-VEGF agents, and argues that the future may lie in multi-targeted therapies including alternative agents and modalities that target both the VEGF ligand/receptor system as well as other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon M. Khachigian
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Gerald Liew
- grid.476921.fCentre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Kelvin Y. C. Teo
- grid.419272.b0000 0000 9960 1711Singapore National Eye Centre and Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- grid.419272.b0000 0000 9960 1711Singapore National Eye Centre and Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Paul Mitchell
- grid.476921.fCentre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
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3
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Chae JB, Jang H, Son C, Park CW, Choi H, Jin S, Lee HY, Lee H, Ryu JH, Kim N, Kim C, Chung H. Targeting senescent retinal pigment epithelial cells facilitates retinal regeneration in mouse models of age-related macular degeneration. GeroScience 2021; 43:2809-2833. [PMID: 34601706 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disorder with angiogenic, immune, and inflammatory components, the most common clinical treatment strategies are antiangiogenic therapies. However, these strategies are only applicable to neovascular AMD, which accounts for less than 20% of all AMD cases, and there are no FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of dry AMD, which accounts for ~ 80% of AMD cases. Here, we report that the elimination of senescent cells is a potential novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of all types of AMD. We identified senescent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in animal models of AMD and determined their contributions to retinal degeneration. We further confirmed that the clearance of senescent RPE cells with the MDM2-p53 inhibitor Nutlin-3a ameliorated retinal degeneration. These findings provide new insights into the use of senescent cells as a therapeutic target for the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Byoung Chae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoik Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanok Son
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Woo Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Huyeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Seongeon Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Lee
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja-Hyoung Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Namshin Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chaekyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea.
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
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Ilimaquinone inhibits neovascular age-related macular degeneration through modulation of Wnt/β-catenin and p53 pathways. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105146. [PMID: 32814173 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a common cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor has been effective in treating pathological ocular neovascularization, but it has limitations including the need for repeated intraocular injections for the maintenance of therapeutic effects in most patients and poor or non-response to this agent in some patients. in vitro cellular studies were conducted using retinal pigment epithelial cell lines (ARPE-19 and hTERT-RPE1), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs). in vivo efficacy of ilimaquinone (IQ) was tested in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization mouse and rabbit models. Tissue distribution study was performed in male C57BL6/J mice. IQ, 4,9-friedodrimane-type sesquiterpenoid isolated from the marine sponge, repressed the expression of angiogenic/inflammatory factors and restored the expression of E-cadherin in retinal pigment epithelial cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In addition, it selectively inhibited proliferation and tube formation of HUVECs by activating the p53 pathway. Topical and intraperitoneal administration of IQ significantly reduced choroidal neovascularization in rabbits and mice with laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. Notably, IQ by the oral route of exposure was highly permeable to the eyes and suppressed abnormal vascular leakage by downregulation of β-catenin and stabilization of p53 in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that IQ functions through regulation of p53 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways with conceivable advantages over existing cytokine-targeted anti-angiogenic therapies.
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Preclinical challenges for developing long acting intravitreal medicines. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 153:130-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Immunoaffinity LC–MS/MS is more suitable than ELISA to quantify a PEGylated molecule in cynomolgus monkey serum. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1061-1069. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Polyethylene glycolylation (PEGylation) technology is a long-acting delivery platform used to increase the half-life of protein therapeutics. Quantitation of PEGylated anti-Factor D Fab (PEG-aFD) poses bioanalytical challenges. Results: An ELISA was developed to determine total Fab concentration in cynomolgus monkey serum following intravitreal administration of PEG-aFD. However, assay characterization showed a low recovery of about 25% for free unconjugated Fab whereas recovery for PEG-conjugated Fab was within 80–120%. To overcome this challenge, an immunoaffinity liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (IA LC–MS/MS) assay was developed, achieving recovery within 80–120% for both free and conjugated Fab. Conclusion: Immunoaffinity LC–MS/MS is more suitable than ELISA to accurately quantify the total protein concentration of PEG-aFD in cynomolgus monkey serum.
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Luo R, Jin H, Li L, Hu YX, Xiao F. Long Noncoding RNA MEG3 Inhibits Apoptosis of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Induced by High Glucose via the miR-93/Nrf2 Axis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1813-1822. [PMID: 32473920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of visual impairment in developed nations. Though plasma microRNA-93 (miR-93) is associated with the risk of DR, the function and regulatory mechanism of miR-93 during DR remains unclear. Blood samples were collected from 12 DR patients and 12 healthy controls. Primary human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and ARPE-19 cells were cultured in 5 mmol/L or 33 mmol/L d-glucose medium. Long noncoding (lnc) RNA MEG3 and miR-93 expression was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The effect of MEG3 and miR-93 on high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis was detected by MTT and flow cytometry. IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationships among MEG3, miR-93, and Nrf2 (also known as NFE2L2) were explored via dual-luciferase reporter assay. lncRNA MEG3 and Nrf2 were decreased and miR-93 was increased in blood samples of DR patients and HG-treated human RPE and ARPE-19 cells. Overexpression of miR-93 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, whereas overexpression of Nrf2 or MEG3 promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis and inflammation. In addition, MEG3 targeted miR-93 and down-regulated miR-93. Moreover, miR-93 directly targeted Nrf2 and negatively regulated Nrf2. This study suggests that lncRNA MEG3 depresses HG-induced apoptosis and inflammation of RPE via miR-93/Nrf2 axis, providing a novel perspective on the genesis and development of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Han Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xiang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China.
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8
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Sorrin AJ, Ruhi MK, Ferlic NA, Karimnia V, Polacheck WJ, Celli JP, Huang HC, Rizvi I. Photodynamic Therapy and the Biophysics of the Tumor Microenvironment. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:232-259. [PMID: 31895481 PMCID: PMC7138751 DOI: 10.1111/php.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) provides opportunities to modulate tumor physiology, enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents, impact immune response and overcome resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemistry-based, nonthermal modality that produces reactive molecular species at the site of light activation and is in the clinic for nononcologic and oncologic applications. The unique mechanisms and exquisite spatiotemporal control inherent to PDT enable selective modulation or destruction of the TME and cancer cells. Mechanical stress plays an important role in tumor growth and survival, with increasing implications for therapy design and drug delivery, but remains understudied in the context of PDT and PDT-based combinations. This review describes pharmacoengineering and bioengineering approaches in PDT to target cellular and noncellular components of the TME, as well as molecular targets on tumor and tumor-associated cells. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of mechanical stress in the context of targeted PDT regimens, and combinations, for primary and metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Sorrin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Ferlic
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Vida Karimnia
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - William J. Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Celli
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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9
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Will-Orrego A, Qiu Y, Fassbender ES, Shen S, Aranda J, Kotagiri N, Maker M, Liao SM, Jaffee BD, Poor SH. Amount of Mononuclear Phagocyte Infiltrate Does Not Predict Area of Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV). J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 34:489-499. [PMID: 30188257 PMCID: PMC6152860 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) are present in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nv AMD) which is also called choroidal neovascularization (CNV). The number and phenotype of the MNPs depend upon the local environment in the CNV and effect of nv AMD therapy. We investigated ocular cell infiltration and conditions that modulate angiogenesis in a laser-induced mouse CNV model. Methods: We developed assays to quantify MNPs in our established mouse CNV model. One MNP assay quantified the number of subretinal cells peripheral to the CNV lesions. A second assay semiquantitatively assesses the number of MNPs localized to the CNV lesion. We used these assays to measure the effect of toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) activation, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2) genetic deletion on MNP infiltration after laser injury. Results: Laser injury induced blood vessel growth and infiltration of MNPs. Systemic administration of a TLR-2 activating peptide increased laser-induced CNV area, MNP cell numbers, and MNP density over the CNV lesions. Systemic administration of a VEGF antibody reduced CNV area, while Ccl2 genetic deletion increased CNV area. Despite the change in amount of angiogenesis, MNP infiltration was, surprisingly, unchanged in these 2 conditions. Conclusions: MNP quantification provides biological insights for candidate AMD therapies. The number of infiltrating MNP cells does not correlate with the amount of laser-induced CNV area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Will-Orrego
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yubin Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth S Fassbender
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Siyuan Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge Aranda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Namrata Kotagiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Maker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sha-Mei Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce D Jaffee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen H Poor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
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10
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Yang L, Meng H, Luo D, Deng T, Miao L, Zou B, Ge X, Hu X, Liu Y, Li X, Deng X, Guo S, Liang J, Chen T, Wen X, Li JJ, Wei L, Jin M. Inhibition of Experimental Age-Related Macular Degeneration by ZQMT in Mice. Curr Mol Med 2019; 19:434-442. [PMID: 31288713 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190425195706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive and irreversible eye disease. The anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of neovascular AMD. However, the expense for such treatment is quite high. METHODS We used a traditional Chinese medicine ZQMT as an alternative therapeutic regimen for AMD. We employed two in vivo animal models mimicking dry and wet AMD respectively to assess the therapeutic efficacy of ZQMT on treating AMD-related retinopathy. AMD-related retinopathy in Crb1rd8 mice was evaluated from week 1 to 8 by fundus photography. Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was evaluated by fluorescein angiography and histopathology. RESULTS ZQMT increased CX3CR1 expression in murine CD4+ T cells either cultured in vitro or directly isolated from animals treated with ZQMT. We also performed both in vitro and in vivo studies to confirm that ZQMT has no apparent toxic effects. ZQMT alleviated AMD-related retinopathy in both Crb1rd8 and CNV models. Depletion of CCL2 and CX3CR1 in Crb1rd8 mice abolished the efficacy of ZQMT, suggesting that CCL2 and/or CX3CR1 may underlie the mechanisms of ZQMT in treating AMD-related retinopathy in mice. CONCLUSION In summary, our study supports the protective roles of a traditional Chinese medicine ZQMT in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Huan Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tingting Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Li Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Bin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaofei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiuli Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shixin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Juanran Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jing Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
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Sardar Pasha SPB, Sishtla K, Sulaiman RS, Park B, Shetty T, Shah F, Fishel ML, Wikel JH, Kelley MR, Corson TW. Ref-1/APE1 Inhibition with Novel Small Molecules Blocks Ocular Neovascularization. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:108-118. [PMID: 30076264 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.248088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular neovascular diseases like wet age-related macular degeneration are a major cause of blindness. Novel therapies are greatly needed for these diseases. One appealing antiangiogenic target is reduction-oxidation factor 1-apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (Ref-1/APE1). This protein can act as a redox-sensitive transcriptional activator for nuclear factor (NF)-κB and other proangiogenic transcription factors. An existing inhibitor of Ref-1's function, APX3330, previously showed antiangiogenic effects. Here, we developed improved APX3330 derivatives and assessed their antiangiogenic activity. We synthesized APX2009 and APX2014 and demonstrated enhanced inhibition of Ref-1 function in a DNA-binding assay compared with APX3330. Both compounds were antiproliferative against human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs; GI50 APX2009: 1.1 μM, APX2014: 110 nM) and macaque choroidal endothelial cells (Rf/6a; GI50 APX2009: 26 μM, APX2014: 5.0 μM). Both compounds significantly reduced the ability of HRECs and Rf/6a cells to form tubes at mid-nanomolar concentrations compared with control, and both significantly inhibited HREC and Rf/6a cell migration in a scratch wound assay, reducing NF-κB activation and downstream targets. Ex vivo, APX2009 and APX2014 inhibited choroidal sprouting at low micromolar and high nanomolar concentrations, respectively. In the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization mouse model, intraperitoneal APX2009 treatment significantly decreased lesion volume by 4-fold compared with vehicle (P < 0.0001, ANOVA with Dunnett's post-hoc tests), without obvious intraocular or systemic toxicity. Thus, Ref-1 inhibition with APX2009 and APX2014 blocks ocular angiogenesis in vitro and ex vivo, and APX2009 is an effective systemic therapy for choroidal neovascularization in vivo, establishing Ref-1 inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach for ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheik Pran Babu Sardar Pasha
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kamakshi Sishtla
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rania S Sulaiman
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bomina Park
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Trupti Shetty
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Fenil Shah
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - James H Wikel
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mark R Kelley
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Timothy W Corson
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
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12
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Avila K. The impact of functional vision changes on independent travel for individuals with adult-onset visual impairment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORIENTATION & MOBILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.21307/ijom-2018-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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13
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Development of copolymeric nanoparticles of hypocrellin B: Enhanced phototoxic effect and ocular distribution. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 116:26-36. [PMID: 29055734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we have developed a photosensitizer hypocrellin B (HB) and nano silver loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles with improved singlet oxygen production for enhanced photodynamic effect for the efficient treatment of age related macular degeneration. Random copolymer (PLGA-TPGS) synthesized by ring opening and bulk polymerization was characterized by IR, 1H NMR and TGA analysis. HBS-CP-NPs prepared by nanoprecipitation techniques were spherical shaped 89.6-753.6nm size particles with negative zeta potential. The average encapsulation efficiency was 84.06±11.43% and HB release from the HBS-CP-NPs was found to be biphasic with a slow release of 1.41% in the first 8h and 48.91% during 3days as measured by RP-HPLC. DSC thermograms indicate that HB was dispersed as amorphous form in HBS-CP-NPs. The ROS generation level of HBS-CP-NPs was significantly higher than that of HB/HB-CP-NPs. The production of 1O2 of HBS-CP-NPs has been assessed using EPR spectrometer. The 1O2 generating efficiency follows the order of nano silver>HB-CP-NPs>HBS-CP-NPs>pure HB drug solution. The superior phototoxic effect of HBS-CP-NPs (85.5% at 50μM) was attained at 2h irradiation in A549 cells. Significant anti angiogenic effect of HBS-CP-NPs was observed in treated CAM embryos. Following intravenous injection of HBS-CP-NPs to rabbits, the maximum amount of HB was found in retina (3h), iris (9h), aqueous humour (9h) and vitreous humour (9h).
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14
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Basavarajappa HD, Sulaiman RS, Qi X, Shetty T, Sheik Pran Babu S, Sishtla KL, Lee B, Quigley J, Alkhairy S, Briggs CM, Gupta K, Tang B, Shadmand M, Grant MB, Boulton ME, Seo SY, Corson TW. Ferrochelatase is a therapeutic target for ocular neovascularization. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:786-801. [PMID: 28377496 PMCID: PMC5452042 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular neovascularization underlies major blinding eye diseases such as “wet” age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Despite the successes of treatments targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, resistant and refractory patient populations necessitate discovery of new therapeutic targets. Using a forward chemical genetic approach, we identified the heme synthesis enzyme ferrochelatase (FECH) as necessary for angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. FECH is overexpressed in wet AMD eyes and murine choroidal neovascularization; siRNA knockdown of Fech or partial loss of enzymatic function in the Fechm1Pas mouse model reduces choroidal neovascularization. FECH depletion modulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase function and VEGF receptor 2 levels. FECH is inhibited by the oral antifungal drug griseofulvin, and this compound ameliorates choroidal neovascularization in mice when delivered intravitreally or orally. Thus, FECH inhibition could be used therapeutically to block ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halesha D Basavarajappa
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rania S Sulaiman
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Xiaoping Qi
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Trupti Shetty
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sardar Sheik Pran Babu
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kamakshi L Sishtla
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bit Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Judith Quigley
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sameerah Alkhairy
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christian M Briggs
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kamna Gupta
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Buyun Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mehdi Shadmand
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael E Boulton
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Seung-Yong Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Timothy W Corson
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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15
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Sulaiman RS, Park B, Sheik Pran Babu SP, Si Y, Kharwadkar R, Mitter SK, Lee B, Sun W, Qi X, Boulton ME, Meroueh SO, Fei X, Seo SY, Corson TW. Chemical Proteomics Reveals Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase as a Therapeutic Target for Ocular Neovascularization. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:45-52. [PMID: 29193961 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The standard-of-care therapeutics for the treatment of ocular neovascular diseases like wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are biologics targeting vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. There are currently no FDA approved small molecules for treating these blinding eye diseases. Therefore, therapeutic agents with novel mechanisms are critical to complement or combine with existing approaches. Here, we identified soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), a key enzyme for epoxy fatty acid metabolism, as a target of an antiangiogenic homoisoflavonoid, SH-11037. SH-11037 inhibits sEH in vitro and in vivo and docks to the substrate binding cleft in the sEH hydrolase domain. sEH levels and activity are up-regulated in the eyes of a choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse model. sEH is overexpressed in human wet AMD eyes, suggesting that sEH is relevant to neovascularization. Known sEH inhibitors delivered intraocularly suppressed CNV. Thus, by dissecting a bioactive compound's mechanism, we identified a new chemotype for sEH inhibition and characterized sEH as a target for blocking the CNV that underlies wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania S. Sulaiman
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | - Sayak K. Mitter
- Department
of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Bit Lee
- College of
Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakoero,
Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, South Korea
| | - Wei Sun
- College of
Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakoero,
Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, South Korea
| | - Xiaoping Qi
- Department
of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Michael E. Boulton
- Department
of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | | | - Xiang Fei
- College of
Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakoero,
Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Seo
- College of
Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakoero,
Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, South Korea
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16
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Astarita C, D'Angelo-Maansson B, Massaro-Giordano M, Alba MP, Boffo S, Macchi I, Giordano A, Macaluso M. Effect of sex steroid hormone fluctuations in the pathophysiology of male-retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6965-6974. [PMID: 29336491 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gender-based differences may influence the occurrence of several ocular conditions suggesting the possibility that fluctuations in sex steroid homeostasis may have direct effects on the eye physiology. Here, we evaluated the effect of sex steroid hormone fluctuations in male retinal pigment epithelial cells, RPEs (ARPE-19). To mimic hormonal fluctuations occurring during aging, we exposed ARPE-19 to acute, prolonged or chronic estradiol, and progesterone challenges. We found that chronic estradiol treatment promotes a remarkable necrosis of RPE cells, and does not affect pRb2/p130 or PAI-2 sub-cellular localization. In contrast, chronic progesterone exposure induces nuclear subcellular rearrangement of pRb2/p130, co-immunolocalization of pRb2/p130 with PAI-2, and accumulation of cells in G2/M phase, which is accompanied by a remarkable reduction of necrosis in favour of apoptosis activation. This study has a high clinical significance since it considers sex steroid fluctuations as inducers of milieu change in the retina able to influence pathological situations occurring with aging in non-reproductive systems such as the eye. Exogenous administration of physiologically significant amounts of sex hormones for long periods of time is a common clinical practice for transgender patients seeking sex reassignment. In particular, our study offers the unique opportunity to unravel the effects of sex hormones, not only in determining gender differences but also in affecting the physiology of non-reproductive systems, such as the eye, in the underserved transgender community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Astarita
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara D'Angelo-Maansson
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mina Massaro-Giordano
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria P Alba
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Silvia Boffo
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ilaria Macchi
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marcella Macaluso
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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17
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Natesan S, Krishnaswami V, Ponnusamy C, Madiyalakan M, Woo T, Palanisamy R. Hypocrellin B and nano silver loaded polymeric nanoparticles: Enhanced generation of singlet oxygen for improved photodynamic therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:935-946. [PMID: 28532114 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A nanoparticulate photodynamic approach was employed with an objective to achieve enhanced production of singlet oxygen (1O2), for the management of posterior segment eye diseases like age related macular degeneration. The hypocrellin B (HB) loaded poly lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticle formulations were incorporated with nano silver (HBS-NPs). The optimized HBS-NPs contained 2.60±0.06mg/mL of HB and showed (i) 135.6 to 828.2nm size range, and (ii) negative zeta potential with a narrow polydispersity index. The DSC thermograms suggested the amorphous nature of HB inside the HBS-NPs. With the average encapsulation efficiency of 92.9±1.79%, the drug release from the HBS-NPs followed a biphasic pattern with an initial burst of 3.50% during first 8h followed by a sustained release of 47.82% within 3days. The interaction between nano silver and HB as assessed by the increase in spectral intensity of Raman spectrum demonstrates that HB may be attached over the nano silver. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by HBS-NPs was significantly higher than that of HB/HB-NPs. The singlet oxygen generating efficiency assessed using EPR spectrometer follows the order of nano silver>HB-NPs>pure HB drug solution>HBS-NPs. The HBS-NPs had a concentration and time dependent phototoxicity on A549 (human adeno lung carcinoma) cells in the presence of light providing a superior phototoxic effect (82.2% at 50μM) at 2h irradiation. The CAM treated with HBS-NPs showed a significant anti-angiogenic effect compared to a blank formulation. In vivo biodistribution studies revealed that intravenous administration of HBS-NPs lead into significant exposure to the posterior segment of the eye. This proof of principle study demonstrates that HB based nanoparticles may be a valuable new tool for application in ocular photodynamic therapy for the treatment of AMD in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Natesan
- Laboratory for Lipid Based Systems, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Venkateshwaran Krishnaswami
- Laboratory for Lipid Based Systems, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Chandrasekar Ponnusamy
- Laboratory for Lipid Based Systems, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | | - Rajaguru Palanisamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
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18
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Mahlumba P, Choonara YE, Kumar P, du Toit LC, Pillay V. Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Systems for Controlled Protein and Peptide Delivery: Future Implications for Ocular Delivery. Molecules 2016; 21:E1002. [PMID: 27483234 PMCID: PMC6273787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins and peptides have become notable in the drug delivery arena for their compatibility with the human body as well as their high potency. However, their biocompatibility and high potency does not negate the existence of challenges resulting from physicochemical properties of proteins and peptides, including large size, short half-life, capability to provoke immune responses and susceptibility to degradation. Various delivery routes and delivery systems have been utilized to improve bioavailability, patient acceptability and reduce biodegradation. The ocular route remains of great interest, particularly for responsive delivery of macromolecules due to the anatomy and physiology of the eye that makes it a sensitive and complex environment. Research in this field is slowly gaining attention as this could be the breakthrough in ocular drug delivery of macromolecules. This work reviews stimuli-responsive polymeric delivery systems, their use in the delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides as well as examples of proteins and peptides used in the treatment of ocular disorders. Stimuli reviewed include pH, temperature, enzymes, light, ultrasound and magnetic field. In addition, it discusses the current progress in responsive ocular drug delivery. Furthermore, it explores future prospects in the use of stimuli-responsive polymers for ocular delivery of proteins and peptides. Stimuli-responsive polymers offer great potential in improving the delivery of ocular therapeutics, therefore there is a need to consider them in order to guarantee a local, sustained and ideal delivery of ocular proteins and peptides, evading tissue invasion and systemic side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakama Mahlumba
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Lisa C du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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19
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Sulaiman RS, Merrigan S, Quigley J, Qi X, Lee B, Boulton ME, Kennedy B, Seo SY, Corson TW. A novel small molecule ameliorates ocular neovascularisation and synergises with anti-VEGF therapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25509. [PMID: 27148944 PMCID: PMC4857741 DOI: 10.1038/srep25509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular neovascularisation underlies blinding eye diseases such as retinopathy of prematurity, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and wet age-related macular degeneration. These diseases cause irreversible vision loss, and provide a significant health and economic burden. Biologics targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are the major approach for treatment. However, up to 30% of patients are non-responsive to these drugs and they are associated with ocular and systemic side effects. Therefore, there is a need for small molecule ocular angiogenesis inhibitors to complement existing therapies. We examined the safety and therapeutic potential of SH-11037, a synthetic derivative of the antiangiogenic homoisoflavonoid cremastranone, in models of ocular neovascularisation. SH-11037 dose-dependently suppressed angiogenesis in the choroidal sprouting assay ex vivo and inhibited ocular developmental angiogenesis in zebrafish larvae. Additionally, intravitreal SH-11037 (1 μM) significantly reduced choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) lesion volume in the laser-induced CNV mouse model, comparable to an anti-VEGF antibody. Moreover, SH-11037 synergised with anti-VEGF treatments in vitro and in vivo. Up to 100 μM SH-11037 was not associated with signs of ocular toxicity and did not interfere with retinal function or pre-existing retinal vasculature. SH-11037 is thus a safe and effective treatment for murine ocular neovascularisation, worthy of further mechanistic and pharmacokinetic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania S Sulaiman
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States of America.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States of America.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Stephanie Merrigan
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Judith Quigley
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States of America
| | - Xiaoping Qi
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States of America
| | - Bit Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Michael E Boulton
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States of America.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States of America
| | - Breandán Kennedy
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Seung-Yong Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Timothy W Corson
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States of America.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States of America.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States of America
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20
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İşci Ü, Beyreis M, Tortik N, Topal SZ, Glueck M, Ahsen V, Dumoulin F, Kiesslich T, Plaetzer K. Methylsulfonyl Zn phthalocyanine: A polyvalent and powerful hydrophobic photosensitizer with a wide spectrum of photodynamic applications. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 13:40-47. [PMID: 26529064 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biomedical photodynamic principle is based on the light-induced and photosensitizer-mediated killing of unwanted or harmful cells by overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Motivated by the success of photodynamic therapy (PDT) against several types of tumors, further applications of this approach are constantly identified which require the design and synthesis of novel photosensitizers with specifically tailored properties for a particular clinical application. METHODS Hydrophobic photosensitizers are currently gaining attention and hence a tetramethylsulfonyl Zn(II) phthalocyanine (2) was designed with respect to the desired photoproperties. The photodynamic potential of 2 was assessed by the determination of its photophysical and photochemical properties, and by a large range of biological tests including its phototoxicity against cancer cells and Gram(+) bacteria. Unsubstituted ZnPc was used as a reference compound for comparison purposes. RESULTS Phthalocyanine 2 has a better oxygen generation and is more photostable than ZnPc. 2 is a polyvalent and powerful hydrophobic photosensitizer with a wide spectrum of photodynamic applications against cancer (tested on A431 cells) and for Gram(+) PDI. Against Staphylococcus aureus, a maximum photokilling efficiency of more than 6 log10 steps was induced by a 5μM concentration of 2, outperforming the 3 log10 criterion for an antimicrobial effect (according to the recommendation of the American Society for Microbiology) by more than three orders of magnitude. CONCLUSIONS Phthalocyanine 2 has attractive photophysical and -chemical characteristics. Initial evaluation of its application in anti-tumor PDT and PDI suggest potential for further pre-clinical and clinical development of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit İşci
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, P. O. Box 141, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Marlena Beyreis
- Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nicole Tortik
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms, Department of Materials Science and Physics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sevinc Z Topal
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, P. O. Box 141, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Michael Glueck
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms, Department of Materials Science and Physics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, P. O. Box 141, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, P. O. Box 141, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine I, Salzburger Landeskliniken / Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kristjan Plaetzer
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms, Department of Materials Science and Physics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Fields MA, Bowrey HE, Gong J, Ablonczy Z, Del Priore LV. Retinoid Processing in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cultures. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 134:477-90. [PMID: 26310172 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy for retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration is a promising clinical option for the replacement of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Induced pluripotent stem cell technology has emerged as a viable potential source of cells for transplantation in retinal degenerative disorders. Induced pluripotent stem cells have been used to derive RPE and have been tested for their functional behavior. These cells have the ability to express RPE-specific proteins and morphologically resemble native RPE. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE are also able to contribute to the visual cycle by their ability to metabolize all-trans retinol, a critical function of RPE in maintaining visual function. Advances in induced pluripotent stem cell technology will contribute to the development of clinical therapies for retinal degenerative diseases as well as provide a tool to understand the pathology of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Fields
- Department of Ophthalmology, Albert Florens Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
| | - Hannah E Bowrey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Albert Florens Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jie Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Albert Florens Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zsolt Ablonczy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Albert Florens Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lucian V Del Priore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Albert Florens Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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22
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Aufartova J, Blaha M, Kasalova E, Honegrova B, Cervinkova B, Kujovska Krcmova L, Plisek J, Lanska M, Sobotka L, Solichova D. Blood levels of antioxidants during age-related macular degeneration treatment by rheohaemapheresis. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2015; 159:400-6. [PMID: 26077006 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2015.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Rheohaemapheresis treatment influences rheological markers and most likely improves metabolism in affected retinal areas, resulting not only in absorption of soft drusen but also reduction or complete disappearance of drusenoid retinal pigment epithelium detachments. However, the character of the treatment process has raised suspicion that there is a decrease not only in cholesterol but also in antioxidants, such as vitamin E and vitamin A. METHODS Twenty-three patients with the progressive dry form of age-related macular degeneration were each treated with 8 procedures of rheohaemapheresis. We measured levels of vitamin E (α-tocopherol), the vitamin E/cholesterol ratio in serum and lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL, HDL). Vitamin E in erythrocyte membrane and serum vitamin A (retinol) were also measured. These parameters were determined before and after rheohaemapheresis. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and serum malondialdehyde were analysed as markers of antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation, respectively. RESULTS In serum, the VLDL and LDL fraction ratios of vitamin E/cholesterol increased significantly. Additionally, the HDL fraction ratio showed an increase but this was not statistically significant. The patients showed no clinical signs of vitamin E deficiency, and their serum concentrations of vitamin E did not differ from normal values. The results show that rheohaemapheresis in addition to causing a significant reduction in atherogenic LDL cholesterol, may have favourable additive anti-atherogenic effects due to a relative increase in the content of vitamin E in the lipoprotein fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Aufartova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove
| | - Milan Blaha
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Hradec Kralove
| | - Eva Kasalova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove
| | - Barbora Honegrova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove
| | - Barbora Cervinkova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove
| | - Lenka Kujovska Krcmova
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine - Metabolic Care and Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove
| | - Jiri Plisek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove
| | - Miriam Lanska
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Hradec Kralove
| | - Lubos Sobotka
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine - Metabolic Care and Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Solichova
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine - Metabolic Care and Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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23
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Sulaiman RS, Quigley J, Qi X, O'Hare MN, Grant MB, Boulton ME, Corson TW. A Simple Optical Coherence Tomography Quantification Method for Choroidal Neovascularization. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2015; 31:447-54. [PMID: 26060878 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2015.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Therapeutic efficacy is routinely assessed by measurement of lesion size using flatmounted choroids and confocal microscopy in the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (L-CNV) rodent model. We investigated whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) quantification, using an ellipsoid volume measurement, was comparable to standard ex vivo evaluation methods for this model and whether this approach could be used to monitor treatment-related lesion changes. METHODS Bruch's membrane was ruptured by argon laser in the dilated eyes of C57BL/6J mice, followed by intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF164 or vehicle, or no injection. In vivo OCT images were acquired using Micron III or InVivoVue systems at 7, 10, and/or 14 days post-laser and neovascular lesion volume was calculated as an ellipsoid. Subsequently, lesion volume was compared to that calculated from confocal Z-stack images of agglutinin-stained choroidal flatmounts. RESULTS Ellipsoid volume measurement of orthogonal 2-dimensional OCT images obtained from different imaging systems correlated with ex vivo lesion volumes for L-CNV (Spearman's ρ=0.82, 0.75, and 0.82 at days 7, 10, and 14, respectively). Ellipsoid volume calculation allowed temporal monitoring and evaluation of CNV lesions in response to antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment. CONCLUSIONS Ellipsoid volume measurements allow rapid, quantitative use of OCT for the assessment of CNV lesions in vivo. This novel method can be used with different OCT imaging systems with sensitivity to distinguish between treatment conditions. It may serve as a useful adjunct to the standard ex vivo confocal quantification, to assess therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models of CNV, and in models of other ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania S Sulaiman
- 1 Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,2 Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Judith Quigley
- 1 Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,2 Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Xiaoping Qi
- 1 Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,2 Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michael N O'Hare
- 1 Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,2 Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,5 School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster , Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Maria B Grant
- 1 Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,2 Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michael E Boulton
- 1 Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,2 Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Timothy W Corson
- 1 Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,2 Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,6 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,7 Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center , Indianapolis, Indiana
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24
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Loyet KM, Good J, Davancaze T, Sturgeon L, Wang X, Yang J, Le KN, Wong M, Hass PE, van Lookeren Campagne M, Haughney PC, Morimoto A, Damico-Beyer LA, DeForge LE. Complement inhibition in cynomolgus monkeys by anti-factor d antigen-binding fragment for the treatment of an advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:527-37. [PMID: 25232192 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.215921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-factor D (AFD; FCFD4514S, lampalizumab) is a humanized IgG Fab fragment directed against factor D (fD), a rate-limiting serine protease in the alternative complement pathway (AP). Evaluation of AFD as a potential intravitreal (IVT) therapeutic for dry age-related macular degeneration patients with geographic atrophy (GA) is ongoing. However, it is unclear whether IVT administration of AFD can affect systemic AP activation and potentially compromise host-immune responses. We characterized the pharmacologic properties of AFD and assessed the effects of AFD administered IVT (2 or 20 mg) or intravenous (0.2, 2, or 20 mg) on systemic complement activity in cynomolgus monkeys. For the IVT groups, serum AP activity was reduced for the 20 mg dose group between 2 and 6 hours postinjection. For the intravenous groups, AFD inhibited systemic AP activity for periods of time ranging from 5 minutes (0.2 mg group) to 3 hours (20 mg group). Interestingly, the concentrations of total serum fD increased up to 10-fold relative to predose levels following administration of AFD. Furthermore, AFD was found to inhibit systemic AP activity only when the molar concentration of AFD exceeded that of fD. This occurred in cynomolgus monkeys at serum AFD levels ≥2 µg/ml, a concentration 8-fold greater than the maximum serum concentration observed following a single 10 mg IVT dose in a clinical investigation in patients with GA. Based on these findings, the low levels of serum AFD resulting from IVT administration of a clinically relevant dose are not expected to appreciably affect systemic AP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Loyet
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology (K.M.L., L.S., L.E.D.), Assay Development and Technologies (J.G., T.D., M.W., A.M.), BioAnalytical Sciences (X.W., J.Y.), Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (K.N.L., P.C.H., L.A.D.-B.), Protein Chemistry (P.E.H.), and Immunology (M.v.L.C.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy Good
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology (K.M.L., L.S., L.E.D.), Assay Development and Technologies (J.G., T.D., M.W., A.M.), BioAnalytical Sciences (X.W., J.Y.), Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (K.N.L., P.C.H., L.A.D.-B.), Protein Chemistry (P.E.H.), and Immunology (M.v.L.C.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Teresa Davancaze
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology (K.M.L., L.S., L.E.D.), Assay Development and Technologies (J.G., T.D., M.W., A.M.), BioAnalytical Sciences (X.W., J.Y.), Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (K.N.L., P.C.H., L.A.D.-B.), Protein Chemistry (P.E.H.), and Immunology (M.v.L.C.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Lizette Sturgeon
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology (K.M.L., L.S., L.E.D.), Assay Development and Technologies (J.G., T.D., M.W., A.M.), BioAnalytical Sciences (X.W., J.Y.), Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (K.N.L., P.C.H., L.A.D.-B.), Protein Chemistry (P.E.H.), and Immunology (M.v.L.C.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Xiangdan Wang
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology (K.M.L., L.S., L.E.D.), Assay Development and Technologies (J.G., T.D., M.W., A.M.), BioAnalytical Sciences (X.W., J.Y.), Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (K.N.L., P.C.H., L.A.D.-B.), Protein Chemistry (P.E.H.), and Immunology (M.v.L.C.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jihong Yang
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology (K.M.L., L.S., L.E.D.), Assay Development and Technologies (J.G., T.D., M.W., A.M.), BioAnalytical Sciences (X.W., J.Y.), Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (K.N.L., P.C.H., L.A.D.-B.), Protein Chemistry (P.E.H.), and Immunology (M.v.L.C.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Kha N Le
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology (K.M.L., L.S., L.E.D.), Assay Development and Technologies (J.G., T.D., M.W., A.M.), BioAnalytical Sciences (X.W., J.Y.), Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (K.N.L., P.C.H., L.A.D.-B.), Protein Chemistry (P.E.H.), and Immunology (M.v.L.C.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Maureen Wong
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology (K.M.L., L.S., L.E.D.), Assay Development and Technologies (J.G., T.D., M.W., A.M.), BioAnalytical Sciences (X.W., J.Y.), Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (K.N.L., P.C.H., L.A.D.-B.), Protein Chemistry (P.E.H.), and Immunology (M.v.L.C.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Philip E Hass
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology (K.M.L., L.S., L.E.D.), Assay Development and Technologies (J.G., T.D., M.W., A.M.), BioAnalytical Sciences (X.W., J.Y.), Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (K.N.L., P.C.H., L.A.D.-B.), Protein Chemistry (P.E.H.), and Immunology (M.v.L.C.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Menno van Lookeren Campagne
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology (K.M.L., L.S., L.E.D.), Assay Development and Technologies (J.G., T.D., M.W., A.M.), BioAnalytical Sciences (X.W., J.Y.), Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (K.N.L., P.C.H., L.A.D.-B.), Protein Chemistry (P.E.H.), and Immunology (M.v.L.C.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Peter C Haughney
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology (K.M.L., L.S., L.E.D.), Assay Development and Technologies (J.G., T.D., M.W., A.M.), BioAnalytical Sciences (X.W., J.Y.), Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (K.N.L., P.C.H., L.A.D.-B.), Protein Chemistry (P.E.H.), and Immunology (M.v.L.C.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Alyssa Morimoto
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology (K.M.L., L.S., L.E.D.), Assay Development and Technologies (J.G., T.D., M.W., A.M.), BioAnalytical Sciences (X.W., J.Y.), Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (K.N.L., P.C.H., L.A.D.-B.), Protein Chemistry (P.E.H.), and Immunology (M.v.L.C.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Lisa A Damico-Beyer
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology (K.M.L., L.S., L.E.D.), Assay Development and Technologies (J.G., T.D., M.W., A.M.), BioAnalytical Sciences (X.W., J.Y.), Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (K.N.L., P.C.H., L.A.D.-B.), Protein Chemistry (P.E.H.), and Immunology (M.v.L.C.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Laura E DeForge
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology (K.M.L., L.S., L.E.D.), Assay Development and Technologies (J.G., T.D., M.W., A.M.), BioAnalytical Sciences (X.W., J.Y.), Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (K.N.L., P.C.H., L.A.D.-B.), Protein Chemistry (P.E.H.), and Immunology (M.v.L.C.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
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Niamprem P, Rujivipat S, Tiyaboonchai W. Development and characterization of lutein-loaded SNEDDS for enhanced absorption in Caco-2 cells. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:735-42. [PMID: 23985012 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.829092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) has been developed for enhanced oral bioavailability of lutein. Its permeation enhancement has been evaluated using monolayers of Caco-2 cells. SNEDDS is composed of a mixture of Lexol® and Emulmetik® 900, Labrasol®, and Tween 80 as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. Upon dilution of lutein-loaded SNEDDS with water, a nanoemulsion was obtained in <10 s with spherical droplets of 40-150 nm in diameter. The zeta potential was in the range of -19 to -32 mV. Increasing the ratio of surfactant to co-surfactant decreased the mean droplet size. Dissolution studies showed that lutein was released rapidly (<5 min) from SNEDDS into 0.1 N HCl and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution without any aggregation. In vitro studies using Caco-2 cells revealed that lutein-loaded SNEDDS showed shorter lag time and greater (2-fold) cellular accumulation compared with the lutein dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattravee Niamprem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University , Phitsanulok 65000 , Thailand
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26
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Agosta E, Lazzeri S, Orlandi P, Figus M, Fioravanti A, Di Desidero T, Sartini MS, Nardi M, Danesi R, Bocci G. Pharmacogenetics of antiangiogenic and antineovascular therapies of age-related macular degeneration. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 13:1037-53. [PMID: 22838951 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common age-related disease causing irreversible visual loss in industrialized countries, is a complex and multifactorial illness. Researchers have found components of the complement alternative pathway inside drusen and Bruch's membrane of AMD patients, underlying a possible important role of complement factor H in the pathogenesis of AMD. The neovascular (wet) AMD is the most destructive form and it is characterized by invasion of new blood vessels into subretinal spaces with subsequent exudation and bleeding, resulting in scarring of the macular region and loss of the central vision. The hallmark of the neovascular form is the choroidal neovascularization, where VEGF-A has an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. SNPs of these genes have recently been investigated as potential pharmacogenetic markers of the antiangiogenic and antineovascular therapy of AMD, which includes verteporfin photodynamic therapy and anti-VEGF-A drugs, such as pegaptanib, bevacizumab and ranibizumab. The CFH rs1061170 CT and TT genotypes have been associated with an improvement of visual acuity in bevacizumab or ranibizumab treated patients, whereas patients harboring VEGF-A rs699946 G allele responded better to bevacizumab-based therapy if compared with patients carrying the A allele. In conclusion, the discovery of pharmacogenetic markers for the personalization of the antiangiogenic and/or antineovascular therapy could be, in the future, a key issue in ophthalmology to obtain a personalization of the therapy and to avoid unnecessary costs and adverse drug reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Agosta
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55-56125, Pisa, Italy
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Park D, Shah V, Rauck BM, Friberg TR, Wang Y. An anti-angiogenic reverse thermal gel as a drug-delivery system for age-related wet macular degeneration. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:464-9. [PMID: 23316011 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reverse thermal gels have numerous biomedical implications, as they undergo physical gelation upon temperature increases and can incorporate biomolecules to promote tissue repair. Such a material is developed for the sustained release of bevacizumab (Avastin), a drug used to treat age-related macular degeneration. The polymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(serinol hexamethylene urethane) (ESHU), forms a physical gel when heated to 37 °C and shows good cytocompatibility with ocular cells. ESHU is capable of sustaining bevacizumab release over 17 weeks in vitro, and the release kinetics can be altered by changing the drug dose and the ESHU concentration. These results suggest that ESHU is biologically safe, and suitable for ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewon Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Effects of hypericin and a chlorin based photosensitizer alone or in combination in squamous cell carcinoma cells in the dark. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Liu J, Jha P, Lyzogubov VV, Tytarenko RG, Bora NS, Bora PS. Relationship between complement membrane attack complex, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and vascular endothelial growth factor in mouse model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:20991-1001. [PMID: 21515678 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.226266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the interactions among the complement membrane attack complex (MAC), CCL2, and VEGF that occur in vivo during the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). We first investigated the sequential expression of MAC, CCL2, and VEGF during laser-induced CNV in C57BL/6 mice. Increased MAC deposition was detected at 1 h, CCL2 increased at 3 h, and VEGF was up-regulated at day 3 post-laser treatment. These results suggested that during laser-induced CNV, MAC, CCL2 and VEGF are formed and/or expressed in the following order: MAC → CCL2 → VEGF. To determine the cross-talk between MAC, CCL2, and VEGF during laser-induced CNV, neutralizing antibodies were injected both systemically and locally to block the bioactivity of each molecule. Blocking MAC formation inhibited CCL2 and VEGF expression and also limited CNV formation, whereas neutralization of CCL2 bioactivity did not affect MAC deposition; however, it reduced VEGF expression and CNV formation. When bioactivity of VEGF was blocked, CNV formation was significantly inhibited, but MAC deposition was not affected. Together, our results demonstrate that MAC is an upstream mediator and effect of MAC on the development of laser-induced CNV can be attributed to its direct effect on VEGF as well as its effect on VEGF that is mediated by CCL2. Understanding the interplay between immune mediators is critical to gain insight into the pathogenesis of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arizona 72205, USA
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Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an ophthalmologic disease which usually affects older adults and represents the leading cause of legal blindness in Europe and the United States of America. The pathogenesis of AMD is complex and, nowadays, the treatments are targeting more the late form of the disease. Age and genetic make-up are the most important risk factors identified to date. There are undoubtedly environmental and other risk factors involved and the adverse effect of smoking is well established. New treatments for AMD have emerged with improved prognostic outcome. This remarkable advances in our understanding of the genetic and biological foundations of this disease were derived from a recent convergence of scientific and clinical data. In the near future we will have several therapeutic options for treatment of AMD at different stages and therefore personalising more and more the treatment.
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