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Okoye EC, Onwuakagba IU, Akile CC, Okonkwo UP, Akosile CO, Mgbeojedo UG, Oyewumi TJ, Kubeyinje OS. Social Support, General Self-Efficacy, Fear of Falling, and Physical Activity Among Older Adults in a Middle-Income Country. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221097750. [PMID: 35478850 PMCID: PMC9036325 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221097750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the levels and interrelationships between fear of falling (FOF), physical activity (PA), social support (SS), and general self-efficacy (GSE) among older adults in a Nigerian community. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey involving 100 older adults (65.0% females; mean age = 74.25 ± 8.01 years) consecutively recruited from Nnewi community. Participants’ FOF, PA, GSE, and SS were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman rank order correlation, and structural equation modeling at a 0.05 level of significance. Results: The participants’ mean FOF, PA, GSE, and SS scores were 15.22 ± 7.43 (fearful), 114.76 ± 90.18 (low), 21.64 ± 8.25 (low) and 5.72 ± 1.19 (high) respectively. There were significant correlations between each pair of FOF, PA, GSE, and SS scores of the participants (p < .05). FOF and GSE were significant predictors of PA while GSE and SS were significant predictors of FOF. Conclusion: FOF and SS were high while PA and GSE were low in this sample of Nigerian older adults. Significant correlations existed between FOF, SS, GSE, and PA, with FOF and GSE being predictors of PA while GSE and SS significantly predicted FOF. Measures should be geared towards reducing FOF and improving PA, GSE, and SS in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel C Okoye
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma U Onwuakagba
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Cynthia C Akile
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Uchenna P Okonkwo
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Christopher O Akosile
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Ukamaka G Mgbeojedo
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo J Oyewumi
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun S Kubeyinje
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
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Healey EL, Allen KD, Bennell K, Bowden JL, Quicke JG, Smith R. Self-Report Measures of Physical Activity. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2020; 72 Suppl 10:717-730. [PMID: 33091242 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Healey
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis and School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Kelli D Allen
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kim Bennell
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan G Quicke
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis and School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Robert Smith
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Callow DD, Arnold-Nedimala NA, Jordan LS, Pena GS, Won J, Woodard JL, Smith JC. The Mental Health Benefits of Physical Activity in Older Adults Survive the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28:1046-1057. [PMID: 32713754 PMCID: PMC7831892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between the amount and intensity of physical activity performed by older adults in North America (United States and Canada) and their depression and anxiety symptoms while currently under social distancing guidelines (SDG) for the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING Online survey conducted between April 9 and April 30, 2020, during the COVD-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS About 1,046 older adults over the age of 50 who live in North America. MEASUREMENTS Participants were asked about their basic demographic information, current health status, and the impact of the current SDG on their subjective state of mental health. Participants completed the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, to determine the amount and intensity of physical activity performed, as well as both the Geriatric Depression Scale and Geriatric Anxiety Scale, to ascertain the extent of their depression and anxiety-like symptoms. RESULTS Ninety-seven percent of participants indicated that they adhered to current SDG "Most of the time" or "Strictly." Participants who performed greater levels of physical activity experienced lower levels of depression-like symptoms when age, sex, and education were accounted for; however, no relationship between physical activity and anxiety-like symptoms was found. A hierarchical regression analysis that incorporated the intensity of physical activity performed (light, moderate, and vigorous) in the model indicated that greater light and strenuous activity, but not moderate, predicted lower depression-like symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that performing even light physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic may help alleviate some of the negative mental health impacts that older adults may be experiencing while isolated and adhering to SDG during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland (DDC, NAA-N, LSJ, GSP, JW, JCS), College Park, MD; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland (DDC, LSJ, JCS), College Park, MD
| | - Naomi A Arnold-Nedimala
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland (DDC, NAA-N, LSJ, GSP, JW, JCS), College Park, MD
| | - Leslie S Jordan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland (DDC, NAA-N, LSJ, GSP, JW, JCS), College Park, MD; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland (DDC, LSJ, JCS), College Park, MD
| | - Gabriel S Pena
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland (DDC, NAA-N, LSJ, GSP, JW, JCS), College Park, MD
| | - Junyeon Won
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland (DDC, NAA-N, LSJ, GSP, JW, JCS), College Park, MD
| | - John L Woodard
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University (JLW), Detroit, MI
| | - J Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland (DDC, NAA-N, LSJ, GSP, JW, JCS), College Park, MD; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland (DDC, LSJ, JCS), College Park, MD.
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An Optimal Self-Report Physical Activity Measure for Older Adults: Does Physical Function Matter? J Aging Phys Act 2020; 29:193-199. [PMID: 32788419 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The authors compared two self-report measures of physical activity, the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS), against the device-derived SenseWear Armband (SWA), to identify a recommended self-report tool to measure physical activity in older adults across physical function levels. A total of 65 community-dwelling older adults completed the PASE, CHAMPS, and seven full days of SWA wear. The authors measured physical function using the modified short physical performance battery (SPPB) and a usual-paced 6-m walk. Age- and sex-adjusted Spearman correlations showed that CHAMPS and SWA were correlated in higher functioning participants (SPPB: ρ = .33, p = .03; gait speed: ρ = .40, p = .006) and also correlated in lower functioning participants for SPPB (ρ = .70, p = .003) only. PASE and SWA were not significantly correlated across physical function. When an objective measure of physical activity is not practical, the CHAMPS questionnaire appears to capture physical activity for older adults across physical function levels.
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Zhang F, Fung H, Kwok T. Spouse's subjective social status predicts older adults' prospective cognitive functioning. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:277-285. [PMID: 29210597 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1406449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study aims to investigate the association between subjective social status (SSS) and prospective cognitive functioning of older adults and their spouses, and to explore the potential mediating roles of health habits and physical activities in this association. METHOD Using the longitudinal data of 512 pairs of community-dwelling older couples aged 65-91 years (M = 72.2 ± 4.6), we tested the effects of SSS in cognitive functioning using an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. SSS was measured by a self-anchoring social ladder, and cognitive functioning was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination at baseline and 4-year follow-up. Socioeconomic status (i.e. education) was tested as a moderator, and physical activity (measured by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly) as well as health habits (i.e. tobacco and alcohol consumption) were included as potential mediators. RESULTS A partner effect of SSS was found only in the low-education group, in which the wife's higher level of SSS in the community was associated with the husband's better cognitive functioning in the follow-up. A small proportion of this effect was found to be partially mediated by participation in housework, such that the wife's higher SSS was associated with the husband's increased housework activity, which was related to higher prospective cognitive functioning. CONCLUSION By examining the dyadic effects of SSS with a longitudinal design, our findings extended the understanding on how subjective social status influenced older couples' cognitive health, and provided evidence-based insights for future studies on cognitive health in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- a The Nethersole School of Nursing , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Helene Fung
- b Department of Psychology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Timothy Kwok
- c Department of Medicine & Therapeutics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
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Salinas-Rodríguez A, Manrique-Espinoza B, Heredia-Pi I, Rivera-Almaraz A, Ávila-Funes JA. Healthcare Costs of Frailty: Implications for Long-term Care. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018; 20:102-103.e2. [PMID: 30424982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José Alberto Ávila-Funes
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico; Centre de recherche Inserm, U897, Bordeaux, F-33076 France; Univ Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, F-33076 France
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