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Tan J. The trifecta of adulthood: Housing, partnering and childbearing trajectories. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2023; 58:100577. [PMID: 38054870 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Substantial changes in residential transitions and family formation patterns have been observed in Western societies, but less attention has been paid to the de-standardisation of adulthood pathways in East Asian contexts, where unique social, economic and cultural circumstances may produce diverse trajectories that are less explored in existing theoretical and empirical frameworks. Adopting a life course perspective, this study identifies the multi-trajectories of housing, partnering and childbearing across adulthood in Taiwan, a setting marked by high housing costs and low fertility rates. Data from the Taiwanese Panel Study of Family Dynamics 2000-2020 (N = 6,931) were used for group-based trajectory modelling, and mixed-effects multinomial regression was employed to examine the likelihood of group membership given early-life resources and social origin. Six common housing-partnering-childbearing trajectories were identified. The most prevalent living arrangement was living in parental homes (50.7%), followed by rental homes (25%), self-owned homes (15.5%) and dorms or other (8.8%). Union formation generally precedes childbearing, whereas housing transitions may occur at various time points. Young adults' home-leaving and homeownership access appear to be closely related to their parental backgrounds, such as their parents' educational attainment and occupational status. Overall, the findings are consistent with the de-standardisation of pathways to adulthood, demonstrating the diversity in adult trajectories and the lack of a single dominant pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Tan
- School of Demography, Research School of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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Prattley J, Evans‐Whipp T, O'Donnell K, Wong C, Quinn B, Rowland B. Returning to the nest: Emerging adults living with parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES 2022; 58:AJS4235. [PMID: 36247404 PMCID: PMC9538216 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the working, study and social lives of emerging adults due to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to greater need for external supports. Many who lived independently may have sought that support by returning to live with parents. This study identifies factors associated with returns made between 2019 and 2020. It describes supports needed and obtained, relationships between parents and their resident emerging adults and identifies correlates of poor coping and high psychological distress. Data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth and the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were used and showed half of the emerging adults who moved did so due to COVID-19 restrictions. Loss of work and increased need for emotional and financial support were key drivers of moves. Nineteen per cent who returned found spending more time with family difficult and over half did not have their support needs fully met, increasing their odds of poor coping at that time (OR = 2.9, 4.3, respectively) and subsequent psychological distress (OR = 6.0). Families were an important source of support but could not necessarily mitigate all challenges; for some emerging adults, returning to live with parents gave rise to additional difficulties which negatively affected mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy Evans‐Whipp
- Australian Institute of Family StudiesSouthbankVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsRoyal Children's Hospital and The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Karlee O'Donnell
- Australian Institute of Family StudiesSouthbankVictoriaAustralia
- School of Applied PsychologyGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Clement Wong
- Australian Institute of Family StudiesSouthbankVictoriaAustralia
| | - Brendan Quinn
- Australian Institute of Family StudiesSouthbankVictoriaAustralia
- Behaviours and Health Risks ProgramBurnet InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive MedicineMonash University (Alfred Hospital)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Bosco Rowland
- Australian Institute of Family StudiesSouthbankVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
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Generation of Young Adults Living with Their Parents in European Union Countries. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Young adult Europeans today find it more and more difficult to leave their native nest. The article examines the changes in the percentage of nesters over time, considering their gender, age, and the form of professional activity and employment status. The article also measures the phenomenon of nesting using the linear ordering of countries. Eurostat data were used in the work. The period of the study covers the years 2011–2019, while the spatial scope relates to the 28 countries of the European Union. The results show that more and more young adults live with their parents, and the percentage of nesters varies across Europe. Young adults living with their parents are people with a different employment status and professional activity. Those are employed persons working full-time, employed persons working part-time, unemployed persons, students, employees with a permanent job, employees with a temporary job and other persons outside the labor force. We prove that the problem of nesting between European countries was varied. It is noticeable that this phenomenon is intensifying, especially among the unemployed and those without permanent employment.
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Wister AV, Li L, Mitchell BA. A Study of Social Isolation, Multimorbidity and Multiple Role Demands Among Middle-Age Adults Based on the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2021; 94:312-343. [PMID: 34636660 PMCID: PMC8866749 DOI: 10.1177/00914150211040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Given the increasing complexity and fluidity of parenting, caregiving, and paid work patterns, in tandem with an increased risk of multimorbidity in mid-life, this study examines the relationship between these three concurrent roles and social isolation among middle-aged persons across multimorbidity statuses. Drawing upon life course theory, we applied linear mixed models to analyze 29,847 middle-aged participants from two waves of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Findings reveal that participants experience greater social isolation over time, albeit the difference is extremely small. Among participants without multimorbidity, holding multiple roles is associated with lower social isolation. For those with multimorbidity, being employed full-time and providing intensive care are associated with social isolation. The occurrence of multiple roles demonstrates unique associations with social isolation among those with and without multimorbidity over time. Future research should study multimorbidity as a salient contextual variable. Moreover, enhanced support is needed for multimorbid middle-aged individuals with different role demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Wister
- Department of Gerontology, Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lun Li
- Gerontology Research Centre, 33507Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Barbara A Mitchell
- Department of Gerontology & Department of Sociology/Anthropology, 33507Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Hall SS, Zygmunt E. Dislocated College Students and the Pandemic: Back Home Under Extraordinary Circumstances. FAMILY RELATIONS 2021; 70:689-704. [PMID: 34149136 PMCID: PMC8206940 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research examines college students' experiences of dislocation during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND Due to governmental stay-at-home orders during the pandemic, families with "dislocated" (compelled to return home) college students would likely encounter unique stressors while also being limited in their normal ways of coping. METHODS Using an online survey, the current study sought to discover how diverse individual characteristics and family living situations of 323 dislocated students associated with varying homelife experiences (e.g., intrusive parenting, students making an extra effort to spend time with family), and how such experiences associated with relationship changes during the quarantine. RESULTS Analyses detected some differences in the students' homelife experiences based on background and living situations, especially related to being a first-year student, having been excited about returning home, and feeling accepted by parents about being home. Negative family relationship quality during the quarantine was most predicted by negative attitudes from students and parents about students being home, the student feeling less adultlike (based on treatment and own identity conception), and having low autonomy. CONCLUSION Returning home for quarantine was challenging for most students, and circumstances and attitudes appeared to contribute to how such challenges associated with family relationship changes. IMPLICATIONS Implications for practitioners and universities are discussed in regard to preparing college students and their families for similar conditions.
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Zhang Z, Reczek C, Colen CG. Intergenerational Coresidence and Mothers’ Body Weight at Midlife. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2020; 39:1051-1085. [DOI: 10.1007/s11113-020-09567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Clark V, Tuffin K, Bowker N, Frewin K. Rosters: Freedom, responsibility, and co‐operation in young adult shared households. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Clark
- School of Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Massey University Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand,
| | - Keith Tuffin
- School of Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Massey University Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand,
| | - Natilene Bowker
- School of Information and Social Sciences, Open Polytechnic of NZ, Upper Hutt, New Zealand,
| | - Karen Frewin
- Institute of Education, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,
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Koumoutzis A, Cichy KE, Dellmann-Jenkins M, Blankemeyer M. Age Differences and Similarities in Associated Stressors and Outcomes Among Young, Midlife, and Older Adult Family Caregivers. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2020; 92:431-449. [PMID: 32054288 DOI: 10.1177/0091415020905265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Few studies have simultaneously compared caregivers in all stages of the adult life course. This study examined age differences in associations among primary stressors (caregiver burden which includes hours of provided care and number of activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living performed), secondary stressors (financial and employment strains), and caregiver outcomes (emotional strain and physical strain). RESEARCH DESIGN Using Pearlin's Stress Process Model (1990) and the Caregiving in the United States 2015 dataset, 1,156 caregivers were identified (including 278 young adults aged 18-39 years, 464 midlife adults aged 40-59 years, and 414 older adults aged 60-80 years). RESULTS Post hoc analyses revealed that compared to older adults, young adults reported less caregiver burden, less physical strain, and greater financial strain. Linear regression analyses revealed associations between caregiver burden and financial strain with emotional and physical strain for all respondents. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Findings emphasize the need for age-specific interventions.
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Rossetti Z, Lee CE, Burke M, Hall S. Perspectives about adult sibling relationships: A dyadic analysis of siblings with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 96:103538. [PMID: 31783277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most siblings of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) report positive sibling relationships. However, extant research often only examines the perspective of the nondisabled sibling; it is unclear whether siblings with IDD report close sibling relationships. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand adult sibling relationships from the perspectives of both siblings with and without IDD. Using dyadic interviews, we examined the perspectives of eight adult sibling dyads. The study was conducted in the United States. Data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis and cross-case analysis to identify themes within and across dyads. Overall, siblings with and without IDD reported enjoying spending time with one another. However, siblings with and without Down syndrome (versus autism spectrum disorder) reported more reciprocal sibling relationships, more frequent contact, and a greater range of shared activities. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Rossetti
- Boston University Two Silber Way Boston, MA 02215 United States; Vanderbilt University, United States; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; University of Minnesota, United States.
| | - Chung Eun Lee
- Boston University Two Silber Way Boston, MA 02215 United States; Vanderbilt University, United States; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Meghan Burke
- Boston University Two Silber Way Boston, MA 02215 United States; Vanderbilt University, United States; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Sarah Hall
- Boston University Two Silber Way Boston, MA 02215 United States; Vanderbilt University, United States; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; University of Minnesota, United States
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Clark V, Tuffin K, Bowker N, Frewin K. A fine balance: A review of shared housing among young adults. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gerber A, Heid AR, Pruchno R. Adult Children Living With Aging Parents: The Association Between Income and Parental Affect. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2018; 88:215-230. [PMID: 29433328 DOI: 10.1177/0091415018758448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the moderating effect of parental income on the association between parent-child coresidence and parental affect. Secondary analysis was conducted with data from the ORANJ BOWL panel, a representative sample of adults in New Jersey, aged 50 to 74 years ( N = 5,688). Results indicated that income had a significant moderating effect on the association between the adult child's residential status and parents' positive and negative affect. Among parents with coresident adult children, an observed decline in positive affect and rise in negative affect were amplified as parental income level increased, suggesting differential strains on parental well-being across income levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gerber
- 1 Department of Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Allison R Heid
- 2 Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Rachel Pruchno
- 2 Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
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Livesey CMW, Rostain AL. Involving Parents/Family in Treatment during the Transition from Late Adolescence to Young Adulthood: Rationale, Strategies, Ethics, and Legal Issues. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2017; 26:199-216. [PMID: 28314451 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The progression from adolescence to adulthood is a time of tremendous change, characterized by issues of identity formation, autonomy, and shifting relationship dynamics. The family is embedded in all aspects of this transition and serves as both a protective support and a limiting factor, a complicated duality that raises psychological, ethical, and legal issues. This article discusses the influence of familial factors and provides assessment strategies for evaluating the family in relation to treatment of transitional age youth. It is increasingly evident that family engagement is a significant contributor to outcomes for transitional age youth seeking mental health treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia M W Livesey
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3535 Market Street, Room 4039, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anthony L Rostain
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Room 2007, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Campbell S, Burn K, Szoeke C. Grand-parenting for healthy ageing in women: Fact or fiction? Maturitas 2016; 92:130-133. [PMID: 27621250 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Globally our populations are ageing and with this trend, there is a rise in chronic disease. We know that lifestyle and environment are significant contributors to risk for disease, quality of life and function. Despite this representing an opportunity to improve health and quality of life in ageing, there is a paucity of research in this field. The social aspects of this period of development which have been most researched include employment, function and disability. Grand-parenting is one of the most popular sources of childcare in the world and therefore research investigating this role is of vital significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Burn
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cassandra Szoeke
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Ageing, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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