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Villasana Y, Armenise S, Ábrego J, Atienza-Martínez M, Hablich K, Bimbela F, Cornejo A, Gandía LM. Exploring a Low-Cost Valorization Route for Amazonian Cocoa Pod Husks through Thermochemical and Catalytic Upgrading of Pyrolysis Vapors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37610-37621. [PMID: 37841159 PMCID: PMC10568713 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Ecuador as an international leader in the production of cocoa beans produced more than 300 000 tons in 2021; hence, the management and valorization of the 2 MM tons of waste generated annually by this industry have a strategic and socioeconomic value. Consequently, appropriate technologies to avoid environmental problems and promote sustainable development and the bioeconomy, especially considering that this is a megadiverse country, are of the utmost relevance. For this reason, we explored a low-cost pyrolysis route for valorizing cocoa pod husks from Ecuador's Amazonian region, aiming at producing pyrolysis liquids (bio-oil), biochar, and gas as an alternative chemical source from cocoa residues in the absence of hydrogen. Downstream catalytic processing of hot pyrolysis vapors using Mo- and/or Ni-based catalysts and standalone γ-Al2O3 was applied for obtaining upgraded bio-oils in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor, at 500 °C in a N2 atmosphere. As a result, bimetallic catalysts increased the bio-oil aqueous phase yield by 6.6%, at the expense of the organic phase due to cracking reactions according to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results. Overall product yield remained constant, in comparison to pyrolysis without any downstream catalytic treatment (bio-oil ∼39.0-40.0 wt % and permanent gases 24.6-26.6 wt %). Ex situ reduced and passivated MoNi/γ-Al2O3 led to the lowest organic phase and highest aqueous phase yields. The product distribution between the two liquid phases was also modified by the catalytic upgrading experiments carried out, according to heteronuclear single-quantum correlation (HSQC), total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), and NMR analyses. The detailed composition distribution reported here shows the chemical production potential of this residue and serves as a starting point for subsequent valorizing technologies and/or processes in the food and nonfood industry beneficiating society, environment, economy, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanet Villasana
- Biomass
Laboratory, Biomass to Resources Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena 150150, Ecuador
| | - Sabino Armenise
- Centro
de Investigación Cepsa, Alcalá de Henares, Av. Punto com, Madrid 28805, Spain
| | - Javier Ábrego
- Grupo
de Procesos Termoquímicos, Instituto Universitario de Investigación
en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - María Atienza-Martínez
- Grupo
de Procesos Termoquímicos, Instituto Universitario de Investigación
en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Karina Hablich
- Grupo
de Reactores Químicos y Procesos para la Valorización
de Recursos Renovables, Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics
(InaMat2), Universidad Pública de
Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | - Fernando Bimbela
- Grupo
de Reactores Químicos y Procesos para la Valorización
de Recursos Renovables, Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics
(InaMat2), Universidad Pública de
Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cornejo
- Grupo
de Diseño, Síntesis Evaluación y Optimización
de Nuevas Sustancias de Interés, Institute for Advanced Materials
and Mathematics (InaMat2), Universidad Pública
de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona E-31006, Spain
| | - Luis M. Gandía
- Grupo
de Reactores Químicos y Procesos para la Valorización
de Recursos Renovables, Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics
(InaMat2), Universidad Pública de
Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona 31006, Spain
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2
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Rahmawati Z, Santoso L, McCue A, Azua Jamari NL, Ninglasari SY, Gunawan T, Fansuri H. Selectivity of reaction pathways for green diesel production towards biojet fuel applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:13698-13714. [PMID: 37152559 PMCID: PMC10157453 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02281a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Green diesel is the second generation biofuel with the same structure as fossil fuels (alkanes), allowing this biofuel to provide excellent fuel properties over biodiesel such as higher energy content and lower hazardous gas emission. Generally, green diesel can be produced through the deoxygenation/hydrogenation of natural oil and/or its derivatives at 200-400 °C and 1-10 MPa over supported metal catalysts. This process comprises of three reaction pathways: hydrodeoxygenation, decarboxylation, and decarbonylation. The extent to which these three different pathways are involved is strongly influenced by the catalyst, pressure, and temperature. Subsequently, the determination of catalyst and reaction condition plays a significant role owing to the feasibility of the process and the economic point of view. This article emphasizes the reaction pathway of green diesel production as well as the parameters influencing the predominant reaction route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeni Rahmawati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Keputih, Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
| | - Liangga Santoso
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Keputih, Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
| | - Alan McCue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen AB24 3UE UK
| | - Nor Laili Azua Jamari
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, Centre of Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia Kem Sungai Besi Kuala Lumpur 57000 Malaysia
| | - Sri Yayu Ninglasari
- Department Business Management, Faculty of Creative Design and Digital Business, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Keputih, Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
| | - Triyanda Gunawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Keputih, Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
| | - Hamzah Fansuri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Keputih, Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
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Pratiwi RG, Wantala K. Hydro-conversion of palm oil via continuously pyrolytic catalysis to biofuels over oxide-based catalyst derived from waste blood clamshell: Effect of magnesium contents. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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da Costa AAF, Pires LHDO, Padrón DR, Balu AM, Rocha Filho GND, Luque R, Nascimento LASD. Recent advances on catalytic deoxygenation of residues for bio-oil production: An overview. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Green Diesel Production by Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Vegetables Oils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413041. [PMID: 34948645 PMCID: PMC8700882 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-renewable fossil fuels and the air pollution associated with their combustion have made it necessary to develop fuels that are environmentally friendly and produced from renewable sources. In addition, global warming and climate change have brought to the attention of many countries the need to develop programs and reforms, such as the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations and the European Green Deal, that finance and promote the conversion of all socio-economic activities in favor of sustainable and environmentally friendly development. These major projects include the development of non-polluting biofuels derived from renewable sources. Vegetable oils are a renewable source widely used to produce biofuels due to their high energy density and similar chemical composition to petroleum derivatives, making them the perfect feedstock for biofuel production. Green diesel and other hydrocarbon biofuels, obtained by the catalytic deoxygenation of vegetable oils, represent a sustainable alternative to mineral diesel, as they have physico-chemical properties similar to derived oil fuels. The catalyst, temperature, hydrogen pressure, and the type of vegetable oil can influence the type of biofuel obtained and its properties. The main aspects discussed in this review include the influence of the catalyst and reaction conditions on the catalytic deoxygenation reaction.
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Effect of surface structure and Pd doping of Fe catalysts on the selective hydrodeoxygenation of phenol. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hongloi N, Prapainainar P, Prapainainar C. Review of green diesel production from fatty acid deoxygenation over Ni-based catalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Recent advances in the catalytic deoxygenation of plant oils and prototypical fatty acid models compounds: Catalysis, process, and kinetics. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
Worldwide demand for ethanol alternative fuel has been emerging day by day owing to the rapid population growth and industrialization. Culturing microalgae as an alternative feedstock is anticipated to be a potentially significant approach for sustainable bioethanol biofuel production. Microalgae are abundant in nature, which grow at faster rates with a capability of storing high lipid and starch/cellulose contents inside their cells. This process offers several environmental advantages, including the effective utilization of land, good CO2 sequestration without entering into "food against fuel" dispute. This chapter focuses on the methods and processes used for the production of bioethanol biofuels from algae. Thus, it also covers significant achievements in the research and developments on algae bioethanol production, mainly including pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation of algae biomass. The processes of producing biodiesel, biogas, and hydrogen have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar Soni
- Sustainable Materials and Catalysis Research Laboratory (SMCRL), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - R Krishnapriya
- Sustainable Materials and Catalysis Research Laboratory (SMCRL), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Sustainable Materials and Catalysis Research Laboratory (SMCRL), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India.
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Adira Wan Khalit WN, Marliza TS, Asikin-Mijan N, Gamal MS, Saiman MI, Ibrahim ML, Taufiq-Yap YH. Development of bimetallic nickel-based catalysts supported on activated carbon for green fuel production. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37218-37232. [PMID: 35521277 PMCID: PMC9057132 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the catalytic deoxygenation of waste cooking oil (WCO) over acid–base bifunctional catalysts (NiLa, NiCe, NiFe, NiMn, NiZn, and NiW) supported on activated carbon (AC) was investigated. A high hydrocarbon yield above 60% with lower oxygenated species was found in the liquid product, with the product being selective toward n-(C15 + C17)-diesel fractions. The predominance of n-(C15 + C17) hydrocarbons with the concurrent production of CO and CO2, indicated that the deoxygenation pathway proceeded via decarbonylation and decarboxylation mechanisms. High deoxygenation activity with better n-(C15 + C17) selectivity over NiLa/AC exposed the great synergistic interaction between La and Ni, and the compatibility of the acid–base sites increased the removal of oxygenated species. The effect of La on the deoxygenation reaction performance was investigated and it was found that a high percentage of La species would be beneficial for the removal of C–O bonded species. The optimum deoxygenation activity of 88% hydrocarbon yield with 75% n-(C15 + C17) selectivity was obtained over 20% of La, which strongly evinced that La leads to a greater enhancement of the deoxygenation activity. The NiLa/AC reusability study showed consistent deoxygenation reactions with 80% hydrocarbon yield and 60% n-(C15 + C17) hydrocarbon selectivity within 6 runs. In this work, the catalytic deoxygenation of waste cooking oil (WCO) over acid–base bifunctional catalysts (NiLa, NiCe, NiFe, NiMn, NiZn, and NiW) supported on activated carbon (AC) was investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nor Adira Wan Khalit
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia +60-3-89466758 +60-3-89466809.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia.,Department of Science and Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Nyabau Road 97008 Bintulu Sarawak Malaysia +60-86-855428 +60-86-855430
| | - Tengku Sharifah Marliza
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia +60-3-89466758 +60-3-89466809.,Department of Science and Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Nyabau Road 97008 Bintulu Sarawak Malaysia +60-86-855428 +60-86-855430
| | - N Asikin-Mijan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - M Safa Gamal
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia +60-3-89466758 +60-3-89466809.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Izham Saiman
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia +60-3-89466758 +60-3-89466809.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Lokman Ibrahim
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia.,Centre of Nanomaterials Science, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia
| | - Y H Taufiq-Yap
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia +60-3-89466758 +60-3-89466809.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia.,Chancellery Office, Universiti Malaysia Sabah 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia
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Tabandeh M, Cheng CK, Centi G, Show PL, Chen WH, Ling TC, Ong HC, Ng EP, Juan JC, Lam SS. Recent advancement in deoxygenation of fatty acids via homogeneous catalysis for biofuel production. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Hydrothermal Treatment of Vegetable Oils and Fats Aiming at Yielding Hydrocarbons: A Review. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the International Air Transport Agency (IATA), the aviation industry causes 2% of GHG emissions. As a result, goals such as improving aircraft efficiency by 1.5% per year and achieving carbon-neutral growth by 2020 were established. In this circumstance, fuels produced from biomass seem to be a promising route. There are many routes available to convert biomass into renewable fuels such as pyrolysis, hydroprocessing, transesterification, hydrothermal processes, and steam reforming. In this study, one reports a review of hydrothermal technologies. This review reports recent information about hydrothermal processes using water in sub- and supercritical states. This article introduces some concepts of the hydrothermal processes, advantages, and different types of feedstock adopted. The parameters which have an influence on hydrothermal processes such as temperature, pressure, particle size, catalyst, biomass/water ratio, and reaction time are illuminated. Water characteristics in sub- and supercritical conditions are discussed as a highly reactive medium to increase the affinity for the extraction of value-added compounds. Additionally, this review splits and details the reaction schemes that take place under hydrothermal conditions. Finally, it introduces recent research and development (R&D) trends in the hydrothermal process of fatty acids and triglycerides.
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Lee K, Lee ME, Kim JK, Shin B, Choi M. Single-step hydroconversion of triglycerides into biojet fuel using CO-tolerant PtRe catalyst supported on USY. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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