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Lu R, Zhu J, Li X, Zeng C, Huang Y, Peng C, Zhou Y, Xue Q. ERβ-activated LINC01018 promotes endometriosis development by regulating the CDC25C/CDK1/CyclinB1 pathway. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:617-629. [PMID: 38224945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis refers to as an estrogen-dependent disease. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ), the main estrogen receptor subtype which is encoded by the estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) gene, can mediate the action of estrogen in endometriosis. Although selective estrogen receptor modulators can target the ERβ, they are not specific due to the wide distribution of ERβ. Recently, long noncoding RNAs have been implicated in endometriosis. Therefore, we aim to explore and validate the downstream regulatory mechanism of ERβ, and to investigate the potential role of long intergenic noncoding RNA 1018 (LINC01018) as a nonhormonal treatment for endometriosis. Our study demonstrates that the expression levels of ESR2 and LINC01018 are increased in ectopic endometrial tissues and reveals a significant positive correlation between the ESR2 and LINC01018 expression. Mechanistically, ERβ directly binds to an estrogen response element located in the LINC01018 promoter region and activates LINC01018 transcription. Functionally, ERβ can regulate the CDC25C/CDK1/CyclinB1 pathway and promote ectopic endometrial stromal cell proliferation via LINC01018 in vitro. Consistent with these findings, the knockdown of LINC01018 inhibits endometriotic lesion proliferation in vivo. In summary, our study demonstrates that the ERβ/LINC01018/CDC25C/CDK1/CyclinB1 signaling axis regulates endometriosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihui Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jingwen Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yingfang Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Qing Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
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Chi ES, Stivison EA, Blind RD. SF-1 Induces Nuclear PIP2. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1509. [PMID: 37892191 PMCID: PMC10604688 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metazoan cell nuclei contain non-membrane pools of the phosphoinositide lipid PI(4,5)P2 (PIP2), but how this hydrophobic lipid exists within the aqueous nucleoplasm remains unclear. Steroidogenic Factor-1 (NR5A1, SF-1) is a nuclear receptor that binds PIP2 in vitro, and a co-crystal structure of the complex suggests the acyl chains of PIP2 are hidden in the hydrophobic core of the SF-1 protein while the PIP2 headgroup is solvent-exposed. This binding mode explains how SF-1 can solubilize nuclear PIP2; however, cellular evidence that SF-1 expression associates with nuclear PIP2 has been lacking. Here, we examined if tetracycline induction of SF-1 expression would associate with nuclear accumulation of PIP2, using antibodies directed against the PIP2 headgroup. Indeed, tetracycline induction of wild-type SF-1 induced a signal in the nucleus of HEK cells that cross-reacts with PIP2 antibodies, but did not cross-react with antibodies against the lower abundance phosphoinositide PI(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3). The nuclear PIP2 signal co-localized with FLAG-tagged SF-1 in the nuclear compartment. To determine if the nuclear PIP2 signal was dependent on the ability of SF-1 to bind PIP2, we examined a "pocket mutant" of SF-1 (A270W, L345F) shown to be deficient in phospholipid binding by mass spectrometry. Tetracycline induction of this pocket mutant SF-1 in HEK cells failed to induce a detectable PIP2 antibody cross-reactive signal, despite similar Tet-induced expression levels of the wild-type and pocket mutant SF-1 proteins in these cells. Together, these data are the first to suggest that expression of SF-1 induces a PIP2 antibody cross-reactive signal in the nucleus, consistent with X-ray crystallographic and biochemical evidence suggesting SF-1 binds PIP2 in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raymond D. Blind
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Kang YJ, Cho HJ, Lee Y, Park A, Kim MJ, Jeung IC, Jung YW, Jung H, Choi I, Lee HG, Yoon SR. IL-17A and Th17 Cells Contribute to Endometrial Cell Survival by Inhibiting Apoptosis and NK Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity of Endometrial Cells via ERK1/2 Pathway. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e14. [PMID: 37179747 PMCID: PMC10166657 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune status including the immune cells and cytokine profiles has been implicated in the development of endometriosis. In this study, we analyzed Th17 cells and IL-17A in peritoneal fluid (PF) and endometrial tissues of patients with (n=10) and without (n=26) endometriosis. Our study has shown increased Th17 cell population and IL-17A level in PF with endometriosis patients. To determine the roles of IL-17A and Th17 cells in the development of endometriosis, the effect of IL-17A, major cytokine of Th17, on endometrial cells isolated from endometriotic tissues was examined. Recombinant IL-17A promoted survival of endometrial cells accompanied by increased expression of anti-apoptotic genes, including Bcl-2 and MCL1, and the activation of ERK1/2 signaling. In addition, treatment of IL-17A to endometrial cells inhibited NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and induced HLA-G expression on endometrial cells. IL-17A also promoted migration of endometrial cells. Our data suggest that Th17 cells and IL-17A play critical roles in the development of endometriosis by promoting endometrial cell survival and conferring a resistance to NK cell cytotoxicity through the activation of ERK1/2 signaling. Targeting IL-17A has potential as a new strategy for the treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ju Kang
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Catholic high-performance Cell Therapy Center, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hee Jun Cho
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yunhee Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Arum Park
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - In Cheul Jeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943, Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, Seoul 06135, Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Monnin N, Fattet AJ, Koscinski I. Endometriosis: Update of Pathophysiology, (Epi) Genetic and Environmental Involvement. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030978. [PMID: 36979957 PMCID: PMC10046867 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic disease caused by ectopic endometrial tissue. Endometriotic implants induce inflammation, leading to chronic pain and impaired fertility. Characterized by their dependence on estradiol (via estrogen receptor β (ESRβ)) and their resistance to progesterone, endometriotic implants produce their own source of estradiol through active aromatase. Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1) is a key transcription factor that promotes aromatase synthesis. The expression of SF1 and ESRβ is enhanced by the demethylation of their promoter in progenitor cells of the female reproductive system. High local concentrations of estrogen are involved in the chronic inflammatory environment favoring the implantation and development of endometriotic implants. Similar local conditions can promote, directly and indirectly, the appearance and development of genital cancer. Recently, certain components of the microbiota have been identified as potentially promoting a high level of estrogen in the blood. Many environmental factors are also suspected of increasing the estrogen concentration, especially prenatal exposure to estrogen-like endocrine disruptors such as DES and bisphenol A. Phthalates are also suspected of promoting endometriosis but throughmeans other than binding to estradiol receptors. The impact of dioxin or tobacco seems to be more controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Monnin
- Majorelle Clinic, Atoutbio Laboratory, Laboratory of Biology of Reproduction, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Anne Julie Fattet
- Majorelle Clinic, Atoutbio Laboratory, Laboratory of Biology of Reproduction, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Isabelle Koscinski
- Laboratory of Biology of Reproduction, Hospital Saint Joseph, 13008 Marseille, France
- NGERE Inserm 1256, 54505 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
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Barnard ND, Holtz DN, Schmidt N, Kolipaka S, Hata E, Sutton M, Znayenko-Miller T, Hazen ND, Cobb C, Kahleova H. Nutrition in the prevention and treatment of endometriosis: A review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1089891. [PMID: 36875844 PMCID: PMC9983692 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1089891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissues outside the uterine lining, typically on the external surface of the uterus, the ovaries, fallopian tubes, abdominal wall, or intestines. The prevalence of endometriosis in North America, Australia, and Europe is ~1-5% in women of reproductive age. Treatment options for endometriosis are limited. While over-the-counter medications may be used to reduce acute pain, hormonal treatments are common and may interfere with fertility. In more severe cases, laparoscopic excision procedures and even hysterectomies are used to treat the pain associated with endometriosis. Nutritional interventions may be helpful in the prevention and treatment of endometriosis and associated pain. Reducing dietary fat and increasing dietary fiber have been shown to reduce circulating estrogen concentrations, suggesting a potential benefit for individuals with endometriosis, as it is an estrogen-dependent disease. Meat consumption is associated with greater risk of developing endometriosis. Anti-inflammatory properties of plant-based diets may benefit women with endometriosis. Additionally, seaweed holds estrogen-modulating properties that have benefitted postmenopausal women and offers potential to reduce estradiol concentrations in pre-menopausal women. Furthermore, consumption of vitamin D has been shown to reduce endometrial pain via increased antioxidant capacity and supplementation with vitamins C and E significantly reduced endometriosis symptoms, compared with placebo. More randomized clinical trials are needed to elucidate the role of diet in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal D. Barnard
- Department of Clinical Research, Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
- Adjunct Faculty, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Danielle N. Holtz
- Department of Clinical Research, Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Natalie Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Research, Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Sinjana Kolipaka
- Department of Clinical Research, Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Ellen Hata
- Department of Clinical Research, Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
- Milken Institute School of Public Health George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Macy Sutton
- Department of Clinical Research, Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tatiana Znayenko-Miller
- Department of Clinical Research, Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Hazen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Christie Cobb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Hana Kahleova
- Department of Clinical Research, Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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Pituitary suppression with GnRH agonists before ART may be insufficient to treat women with severe adenomyosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2023; 46:150-155. [PMID: 36402667 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Does aromatase inhibitor improve IVF outcomes by reducing local oestrogen production in patients with adenomyosis undergoing long-term gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment? DESIGN Four patients with severe adenomyosis who failed to improve after long-term treatment (≥3 months) with depot GnRHa received treatment with an aromatase inhibitor for 21 days. Blood oestradiol concentrations were monitored after GnRHa treatment both before and after treatment with an aromatase inhibitor. Women received a transfer of IVF autologous or donor oocytes. Pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rates were the primary outcomes. Blood oestradiol concentration after treatment with an aromatase inhibitor was a secondary outcome. RESULTS Patients with severe adenomyosis presented with hyperestrogenism due to local production from the lesions even after long-term treatment with GnRHa. Treatment with an aromatase inhibitor reduced hyperestrogenism and improved clinical outcomes in adenomyosis patients who have experienced previous embryo transfer failures. CONCLUSION Women with severe adenomyosis would benefit from letrozole or a combination of GnRHa plus letrozole before receipt of treatment with assisted reproductive technology. For women with severe adenomyosis, GnRHa treatment alone may be insufficient to suppress oestrogen production by adenomyotic lesions. Thus, it should be mandatory to test for oestradiol concentrations in patients with severe adenomyosis who have received long-term GnRHa treatment. Also, GnRHa may not always be the sole strategy for medical management of adenomyotic lesions. Letrozole is safe and can improve IVF outcomes for patients with adenomyosis.
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Clemenza S, Vannuccini S, Ruotolo A, Capezzuoli T, Petraglia F. Advances in targeting estrogen synthesis and receptors in patients with endometriosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:1227-1238. [PMID: 36529967 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2152325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease on the background of progesterone resistance. Increased estrogen production, low estrogen metabolization, and altered estrogen receptors (ERs) expression contribute to the hyperestrogenic milieu within endometriotic lesions. Since estrogens play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the disease, inhibition of estrogen production is one of the main targets of available and emerging drugs. AREAS COVERED Firstly, we described the molecular alterations responsible for estrogen dependence. Secondly, we reviewed available and emerging treatments that interfere, through central (gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRH-a), GnRH antagonists) or local mechanisms (aromatase inhibitors (AIs), inhibitors of steroid sulfatase (STS) and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1)), with estrogen dependence. Finally, we focused on emerging treatments targeting ERs (selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), estrogen receptors agonists, and antagonists). EXPERT OPINION Available treatments interfering with estrogen pathways exert a contraceptive effect, have hypoestrogenic side effects, and cannot prevent or definitively treat the disease. Preclinical and animal studies are focusing on emerging drugs targeting ERs in order to overcome limitations of available treatments. These treatments may represent a promising option, as they may produce a more specific inhibition of disease activity within endometriotic implants, avoiding prolonged hypoestrogenic status and limiting systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Clemenza
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Vannuccini
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Agostino Ruotolo
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Capezzuoli
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Vannuccini S, Clemenza S, Rossi M, Petraglia F. Hormonal treatments for endometriosis: The endocrine background. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:333-355. [PMID: 34405378 PMCID: PMC9156507 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09666-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a benign uterine disorder characterized by menstrual pain and infertility, deeply affecting women's health. It is a chronic disease and requires a long term management. Hormonal drugs are currently the most used for the medical treatment and are based on the endocrine pathogenetic aspects. Estrogen-dependency and progesterone-resistance are the key events which cause the ectopic implantation of endometrial cells, decreasing apoptosis and increasing oxidative stress, inflammation and neuroangiogenesis. Endometriotic cells express AMH, TGF-related growth factors (inhibin, activin, follistatin) CRH and stress related peptides. Endocrine and inflammatory changes explain pain and infertility, and the systemic comorbidities described in these patients, such as autoimmune (thyroiditis, arthritis, allergies), inflammatory (gastrointestinal/urinary diseases) and mental health disorders.The hormonal treatment of endometriosis aims to block of menstruation through an inhibition of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis or by causing a pseudodecidualization with consequent amenorrhea, impairing the progression of endometriotic implants. GnRH agonists and antagonists are effective on endometriosis by acting on pituitary-ovarian function. Progestins are mostly used for long term treatments (dienogest, NETA, MPA) and act on multiple sites of action. Combined oral contraceptives are also used for reducing endometriosis symptoms by inhibiting ovarian function. Clinical trials are currently going on selective progesterone receptor modulators, selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors. Nowadays, all these hormonal drugs are considered the first-line treatment for women with endometriosis to improve their symptoms, to postpone surgery or to prevent post-surgical disease recurrence. This review aims to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art on the current and future hormonal treatments for endometriosis, exploring the endocrine background of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vannuccini
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Clemenza
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Margherita Rossi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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Yiqin C, Yan S, Peiwen W, Yiwei G, Qi W, Qian X, Panglin W, Sunjie Y, Wenxiang W. Copper exposure disrupts ovarian steroidogenesis in human ovarian granulosa cells via the FSHR/CYP19A1 pathway and alters methylation patterns on the SF-1 gene promoter. Toxicol Lett 2021; 356:11-20. [PMID: 34871762 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Information on the effects of copper on reproduction is limited. Our previous study indicated that copper induces abnormal steroidogenesis in human ovarian granulosa cells, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, human ovarian granulosa cells were treated with multiple concentrations of copper for 24 h. After treatment, the 17-estradiol levels were significantly increased (29.83 % and 45.12 %, respectively) in the 1.0 and 2.0 μg/mL groups but decreased (23.06 % and 31.56 %, respectively) in the 20.0 and 40.0 μg/mL groups (P < 0.05). Similar changes in the levels of FSHR, StAR, CYP11A1, CYP19A1, HSD3β1, and SF-1 were observed. The protein levels of FSHR were increased in the 2.0 μg/mL group but decreased in the 20.0 and 40.0 μg/mL groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, copper partially reversed the FSH-induced increase in FSHR, CYP19A1 and 17-estradiol levels, and the decreased effect of the FSH receptor binding inhibitor fragment on FSHR, CYP19A1, and 17-estradiol became more apparent after adding copper. Additionally, the total methylation levels of the SF-1 promoter and DNMTs expression were significantly decreased following copper treatment. Overall, our results indicate that copper exposure induces steroidogenesis disorders via the FSHR/CYP19A1 pathway and changes DNA methylation on the SF-1 promoter in human ovarian granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yiqin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sun Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wu Peiwen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guo Yiwei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wang Qi
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Qian
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wang Panglin
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Sunjie
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Wang Wenxiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Zomer MT, Kondo W, Cavalcanti TCS, Von Linsigen R, Ferreira LRG, Carranco RC, Trippia CH, Kulak J. Assessment of Nerve Fiber Density and Expression of Hormonal Receptors Within Rectosigmoid Endometriosis Nodules. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021; 29:265-273. [PMID: 34411730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess nerve fiber density and expression of hormone receptors in bowel endometriosis. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Private hospital. PATIENTS Women with endometriosis undergoing laparoscopic segmental bowel resection (n = 54). INTERVENTIONS Tissue samples were obtained from patients with surgically treated rectosigmoid endometriosis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The rectosigmoid specimen containing the endometriosis nodule was manually sectioned and divided into 3 areas: core of the nodule, margin of the nodule, and healthy bowel tissue. The intensity of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and measured according to the Allred score. Nerve fibers were stained by immunohistochemistry using Protein Gene Product 9.5, and the density of nerve fillets was counted and expressed in number/mm². All glandular and stromal cells stained for estrogen; however, glandular cells stained more strongly than stromal cells (61.1% vs 35.2%; p = .01). Most of glandular and stromal cells stained strongly for progesterone receptors (90.7% vs 98.1%; p = .2). The density of nerve fibers was very high in the margin of the nodule (172.22±45.66/mm²), moderate in healthy bowel tissue (111.48±48.57/mm²), and very low in the core of the nodule (7.31±4.9/mm²); p = .01. CONCLUSION Both glandular and stromal cells within the rectosigmoid endometriosis nodule express estrogen and progesterone receptors. Higher intensity of expression of estrogen receptors occurs in glandular cells. The density of nerve fibers is extremely high at the nodule margin and very low in the center of the nodule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Tessmann Zomer
- Gynecology Department, CEAGIC (Center for Advanced Gynecology Surgery) at Vita Batel Hospital, Rua Angelo Sampaio (Drs. Zomer, Kondo, and Carranco); Neopath, Avenida Vicente Machado (Dr. Cavalcanti); Gynecology Department, Clinics Hospital from the Federal University of Parana, Rua General Carneiro (Drs. Linsigen, Ferreira, and Kulak); Instituto de Roentgen Diagnósticos, Rua Mal. Deodoro (Dr. Trippia), Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - William Kondo
- Gynecology Department, CEAGIC (Center for Advanced Gynecology Surgery) at Vita Batel Hospital, Rua Angelo Sampaio (Drs. Zomer, Kondo, and Carranco); Neopath, Avenida Vicente Machado (Dr. Cavalcanti); Gynecology Department, Clinics Hospital from the Federal University of Parana, Rua General Carneiro (Drs. Linsigen, Ferreira, and Kulak); Instituto de Roentgen Diagnósticos, Rua Mal. Deodoro (Dr. Trippia), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina Santos Cavalcanti
- Gynecology Department, CEAGIC (Center for Advanced Gynecology Surgery) at Vita Batel Hospital, Rua Angelo Sampaio (Drs. Zomer, Kondo, and Carranco); Neopath, Avenida Vicente Machado (Dr. Cavalcanti); Gynecology Department, Clinics Hospital from the Federal University of Parana, Rua General Carneiro (Drs. Linsigen, Ferreira, and Kulak); Instituto de Roentgen Diagnósticos, Rua Mal. Deodoro (Dr. Trippia), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renate Von Linsigen
- Gynecology Department, CEAGIC (Center for Advanced Gynecology Surgery) at Vita Batel Hospital, Rua Angelo Sampaio (Drs. Zomer, Kondo, and Carranco); Neopath, Avenida Vicente Machado (Dr. Cavalcanti); Gynecology Department, Clinics Hospital from the Federal University of Parana, Rua General Carneiro (Drs. Linsigen, Ferreira, and Kulak); Instituto de Roentgen Diagnósticos, Rua Mal. Deodoro (Dr. Trippia), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Luiz Rodrigo Guimaraes Ferreira
- Gynecology Department, CEAGIC (Center for Advanced Gynecology Surgery) at Vita Batel Hospital, Rua Angelo Sampaio (Drs. Zomer, Kondo, and Carranco); Neopath, Avenida Vicente Machado (Dr. Cavalcanti); Gynecology Department, Clinics Hospital from the Federal University of Parana, Rua General Carneiro (Drs. Linsigen, Ferreira, and Kulak); Instituto de Roentgen Diagnósticos, Rua Mal. Deodoro (Dr. Trippia), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Cabrera Carranco
- Gynecology Department, CEAGIC (Center for Advanced Gynecology Surgery) at Vita Batel Hospital, Rua Angelo Sampaio (Drs. Zomer, Kondo, and Carranco); Neopath, Avenida Vicente Machado (Dr. Cavalcanti); Gynecology Department, Clinics Hospital from the Federal University of Parana, Rua General Carneiro (Drs. Linsigen, Ferreira, and Kulak); Instituto de Roentgen Diagnósticos, Rua Mal. Deodoro (Dr. Trippia), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Trippia
- Gynecology Department, CEAGIC (Center for Advanced Gynecology Surgery) at Vita Batel Hospital, Rua Angelo Sampaio (Drs. Zomer, Kondo, and Carranco); Neopath, Avenida Vicente Machado (Dr. Cavalcanti); Gynecology Department, Clinics Hospital from the Federal University of Parana, Rua General Carneiro (Drs. Linsigen, Ferreira, and Kulak); Instituto de Roentgen Diagnósticos, Rua Mal. Deodoro (Dr. Trippia), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jaime Kulak
- Gynecology Department, CEAGIC (Center for Advanced Gynecology Surgery) at Vita Batel Hospital, Rua Angelo Sampaio (Drs. Zomer, Kondo, and Carranco); Neopath, Avenida Vicente Machado (Dr. Cavalcanti); Gynecology Department, Clinics Hospital from the Federal University of Parana, Rua General Carneiro (Drs. Linsigen, Ferreira, and Kulak); Instituto de Roentgen Diagnósticos, Rua Mal. Deodoro (Dr. Trippia), Curitiba, Brazil
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11
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Zubrzycka A, Zubrzycki M, Perdas E, Zubrzycka M. Genetic, Epigenetic, and Steroidogenic Modulation Mechanisms in Endometriosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1309. [PMID: 32370117 PMCID: PMC7291215 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease, affecting up to 10% of reproductive-age women. The exact cause of the disease is unknown; however, it is a heritable condition affected by multiple genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Previous studies reported variations in the epigenetic patterns of numerous genes known to be involved in the aberrant modulation of cell cycle steroidogenesis, abnormal hormonal, immune and inflammatory status in endometriosis, apoptosis, adhesion, angiogenesis, proliferation, immune and inflammatory processes, response to hypoxia, steroidogenic pathway and hormone signaling are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Accumulating evidence suggest that various epigenetic aberrations may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Among them, DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylators, and non-coding microRNAs demonstrate differential expression within endometriotic lesions and in the endometrium of patients with endometriosis. It has been indicated that the identification of epigenetic differences within the DNA or histone proteins may contribute to the discovery of a useful prognostic biomarker, which could aid in the future earlier detection, timely diagnosis, and initiation of a new approach to the treatment of endometriosis, as well as inform us about the effectiveness of treatment and the stage of the disease. As the etiology of endometriosis is highly complex and still far from being fully elucidated, the presented review focuses on different approaches to identify the genetic and epigenetic links of endometriosis and its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zubrzycka
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; Poland;
- Department of Operative and Conservative Gynecology, K. Jonscher Memorial Hospital, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Zubrzycki
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Perdas
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Maria Zubrzycka
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
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12
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Platelets induce increased estrogen production through NF-κB and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in endometriotic stromal cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1281. [PMID: 31992765 PMCID: PMC6987096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is estrogen-dependent disorder. Two theories provide the explanations for the increased estrogen production. One is the feed-forward loop model linking inflammation and estrogen production. The more recent model evokes the tissue hypoxia resulting from endometrial debris detached and then regurgitated to the peritoneal cavity. Both models tacitly assume that everything occurs within the endometriotic stromal cells, seemingly without the need for exogenous factors. This study was undertaken to investigate as whether platelets may be responsible for local estrogen overproduction. We employed in vitro experimentation that evaluated the 17β-estradiol (E2) levels in endometriotic stromal cells treated with activated platelets, and the genes and protein expression levels of StAR, HSD3B2, aromatase, and HSD17B1, as well as their upstream genes/proteins such as NF-κB, TGF-β1, HIF-1α, SF-1 and phosphorylated CREB. In addition, we conducted 2 animal experimentations using platelet depletion/infusion and also neutralization of NF-κB and TGF-β1, followed by immunohistochemistry analysis of involved in StAR, HSD3B2, aromatase, and HSD17B1, as well as SF-1 and p-CREB. We found that treatment of endometriotic stromal cells by activated platelets increase the E2 production by 4.5 fold, and concomitant with increased gene and protein expression of StAR, HSD3B2, aromatase, and HSD17B1, the four genes/enzymes important to estrogen synthesis, along with their upstream genes HIF-1α, SF-1 and phosphorylated CREB. Moreover, platelets activate these genes through the activation of NF-κB and/or TGF-β1, and antagonism of either signaling pathway can abolish the induction of the 4 genes and thus increased estrogen production. The two animal experimentations confirmed these changes. Thus, platelets increase the E2 production in endometriotic stromal cells through upregulation of StAR, HSD3B2, aromatase, and HSD17B1 via the activation of NF-κB and/or TGF-β1. These findings provide a yet another compelling piece of evidence that endometriotic lesions are indeed wounds undergoing repeated tissue injury and repair. They strongly indicate that non-hormonal therapeutics for endometriosis is theoretically viable, with anti-platelet therapy being one promising avenue.
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13
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Jiayu H, Hanke Z, Ying G. The Role of Exosomes in Diseases Related to Infertility. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:437-441. [PMID: 30674267 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190123162842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles with diameters of 40-100nm, are generated through the fusion of multivessel with plasma membrane and secreted by a variety of living cells. Exosomes contain lipid bilayer membrane and releasable functionally active proteins, mRNA and microRNAs (miRNAs). This article reviews the latest progress of researches on exosomes in diseases that lead to infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Jiayu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Hanke
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gao Ying
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Colón-Caraballo M, Torres-Reverón A, Soto-Vargas JL, Young SL, Lessey B, Mendoza A, Urrutia R, Flores I. Effects of histone methyltransferase inhibition in endometriosis. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:293-307. [PMID: 29408993 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the histone methyltransferase EZH2 and its product H3K27me3 are well studied in cancer, little is known about their role and potential as therapeutic targets in endometriosis. We have previously reported that endometriotic lesions are characterized by global enrichment of H3K27me3. Therefore, we aimed to (1) characterize the expression levels of EZH2 in endometriotic tissues; (2) assess H3K27me3 enrichment in candidate genes promoter regions; and (3) determine if pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 impacts migration, proliferation, and invasion of endometriotic cells. Immunohistochemistry of an endometriosis-focused tissue microarray was used to assess the EZH2 protein levels in tissues. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR was conducted to assess enrichment of H3K27me3 in candidate gene promoter regions in tissues. Immunofluorescence was performed to assess the effect of an EZH2-specific pharmacological inhibitor on H3K27me3 global enrichment in cell lines. To measure effects of the inhibitor in migration, proliferation, and invasion in vitro we used Scratch, BrdU, and Matrigel assays, respectively. Endometriotic lesions had significantly higher EZH2α nuclear immunostaining levels compared to eutopic endometrium from patients (glands, stroma) and controls (glands). H3K27me3 was enriched within promoter regions of candidate genes in some but not all of the endometriotic lesions. Inhibition of EZH2 reduced H3K27me3 levels in the endometriotic cells specifically, and also reduced migration, proliferation but not invasion of endometriotic epithelial cells (12Z). These findings support future preclinical studies to determine in vivo efficacy of EZH2 inhibitors as promising nonhormonal treatments for endometriosis, still an incurable gynecological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Colón-Caraballo
- Department of Basic Sciences-Microbiology Division, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Annelyn Torres-Reverón
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neurosciences, University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley-School of Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - John Lee Soto-Vargas
- Department of Basic Sciences-Microbiology Division, Step-Up Summer Program, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Steven L Young
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Bruce Lessey
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Adalberto Mendoza
- Southern Pathology Inc., Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA.,Department of Basic Sciences-Pathology Division, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Raúl Urrutia
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Idhaliz Flores
- Department of Basic Sciences-Microbiology Division, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA.,Department of Ob/Gyn, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
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15
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Hu Z, Mamillapalli R, Taylor HS. Increased circulating miR-370-3p regulates steroidogenic factor 1 in endometriosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E373-E382. [PMID: 30576245 PMCID: PMC6459299 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00244.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecologic disease common among reproductive-aged women caused by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Altered expression of numerous genes and microRNAs has been reported in endometriosis. Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), an essential transcriptional regulator of multiple genes involved in estrogen biosynthesis, is aberrantly increased and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Here, we show the expression of SF-1 in endometriosis is regulated by miR-370-3p. Sera and tissue were collected from 20 women surgically diagnosed with endometriosis and 26 women without endometriosis. We found that miR-370-3p levels were decreased in the serum of patients with endometriosis while SF-1 mRNA levels were inversely upregulated in endometriotic lesions compared with respective controls. Transfection of primary endometriotic cells with miR-370-3p mimic or inhibitor resulted in the altered expression of SF-1 and SF-1 downstream target genes steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and CYP19A1. Overexpression of miR-370-3p inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in endometriotic cells. This study reveals that miR-370-3p functions as a negative regulator of SF-1 and cell proliferation in endometriotic cells. We suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for controlling SF-1 in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoying Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
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16
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Mathiasen M, Egekvist AG, Kesmodel US, Knudsen UB, Seyer‐Hansen M. Similar evolution of pain symptoms and quality of life in women with and without endometriosis undergoing assisted reproductive technology (
ART
). Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 98:77-85. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mie Mathiasen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Aarhus University Hospital AarhusDenmark
| | - Anne G. Egekvist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Aarhus University Hospital AarhusDenmark
| | - Ulrik S. Kesmodel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital HerlevDenmark
| | - Ulla B. Knudsen
- The Fertility Clinic Regional Hospital in Horsens HorsensDenmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Mikkel Seyer‐Hansen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Aarhus University Hospital AarhusDenmark
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17
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Bryant JM, Blind RD. Signaling through non-membrane nuclear phosphoinositide binding proteins in human health and disease. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:299-311. [PMID: 30201631 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r088518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide membrane signaling is critical for normal physiology, playing well-known roles in diverse human pathologies. The basic mechanisms governing phosphoinositide signaling within the nucleus, however, have remained deeply enigmatic owing to their presence outside the nuclear membranes. Over 40% of nuclear phosphoinositides can exist in this non-membrane state, held soluble in the nucleoplasm by nuclear proteins that remain largely unidentified. Recently, two nuclear proteins responsible for solubilizing phosphoinositides were identified, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1; NR5A1) and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1; NR5A2), along with two enzymes that directly remodel these phosphoinositide/protein complexes, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN; MMAC) and inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK; ipk2). These new footholds now permit the assignment of physiological functions for nuclear phosphoinositides in human diseases, such as endometriosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis, glioblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The unique nature of nuclear phosphoinositide signaling affords extraordinary clinical opportunities for new biomarkers, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Thus, phosphoinositide biology within the nucleus may represent the next generation of low-hanging fruit for new drugs, not unlike what has occurred for membrane phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase drug development. This review connects recent basic science discoveries in nuclear phosphoinositide signaling to clinical pathologies, with the hope of inspiring development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal M Bryant
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Raymond D Blind
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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18
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Chronic Niche Inflammation in Endometriosis-Associated Infertility: Current Understanding and Future Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082385. [PMID: 30104541 PMCID: PMC6121292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease that affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age and accounts for up to 50% of female infertility cases. It has been highly associated with poorer outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART), including decreased oocyte retrieval, lower implantation, and pregnancy rates. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of endometriosis-associated infertility is crucial for improving infertility treatment outcomes. Current theories regarding how endometriosis reduces fertility include anatomical distortion, ovulatory dysfunction, and niche inflammation-associated peritoneal or implantation defects. This review will survey the latest evidence on the role of inflammatory niche in the peritoneal cavity, ovaries, and uterus of endometriosis patients. Nonhormone treatment strategies that target these inflammation processes are also included. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies are highlighted for potential endometriosis treatment because of their immunomodulatory effects and tropism toward inflamed lesion foci. Potential applications of stem cell therapy in treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility in particular for safety and efficacy are discussed.
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19
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Wang W, Sun Y, Guo Y, Cai P, Li Y, Liu J, Cai G, Kiyoshi A, Zhang W. Continuous soy isoflavones exposure from weaning to maturity induces downregulation of ovarian steroidogenic factor 1 gene expression and corresponding changes in DNA methylation pattern. Toxicol Lett 2017; 281:175-183. [PMID: 28964809 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Female Wistar rats were treated with orally administered soy isoflavones at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, or 100mg/kg body weight from weaning until sexual maturity (3 mo.), and ovarian steroidogenesis was evaluated. After soy isoflavones were administered, a significant (P<0.05) decrease (44%) in the serum estrodial levels of the high-dose (HD) group were observed. Cultured granulosa cells from the middle- (MD) and HD groups showed significantly (P<0.05) reduced (31%, 45%, respectively) in vitro estradiol secretion, and those from the HD group showed significantly (P<0.05) reduced progesterone (25%) secretion. Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star), cytochromeP450 cholesterol side chain cleavage (Cyp11a1 and Cyp19a1), and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3b (Hsd3b) genes also decreased. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting revealed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in key transcription factor steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) expression in the HD group. The detection of DNA methylation using bisulfitesequencing PCR (BSP) suggested a significantly (P<0.05) increased total methylation rate in the proximal SF-1 promoter in the HD group. Further studies showed that treatment with soy isoflavones can significantly (P<0.05) increase the mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 and DNMT3a. This study proved that soy isoflavone administration from weaning until sexual maturity could inhibit ovarian steroidogenesis, suggesting that SF-1 might play an important role in this effect. In addition, DNA methylation might play a role in the downregulation of SF-1 gene expression induced by soy isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Wang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiwei Guo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guoxi Cai
- Nagasaki Prefectural Institute of Environmental Research and Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Aoyagi Kiyoshi
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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20
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Abstract
Endometriosis is one of the most common gynaecological conditions affecting 6% to 12% of women in the reproductive age group. It can be found in 35% to 45% of women who are trying to conceive and are infertile. Infertility is one of the most common problems associated with endometriosis. This review will look at the evidence that endometriosis may lead to infertility and the data looking at whether surgical correction of endometriosis may improve fertility outcomes.
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21
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Blakemore J, Naftolin F. Aromatase: Contributions to Physiology and Disease in Women and Men. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 31:258-69. [PMID: 27252161 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00054.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatase (estrogen synthetase; EC 1.14.14.1) catalyzes the demethylation of androgens' carbon 19, producing phenolic 18-carbon estrogens. Aromatase is most widely known for its roles in reproduction and reproductive system diseases, and as a target for inhibitor therapy in estrogen-sensitive diseases including cancer, endometriosis, and leiomyoma (141, 143). However, all tissues contain estrogen receptor-expressing cells, the majority of genes have a complete or partial estrogen response element that regulates their expression (61), and there are plentiful nonreceptor effects of estrogens (79); therefore, the effect of aromatase through the provision of estrogen is almost universal in terms of health and disease. This review will provide a brief but comprehensive overview of the enzyme, its role in steroidogenesis, the problems that arise with its functional mutations and mishaps, the roles in human physiology of aromatase and its product estrogens, its current clinical roles, and the effects of aromatase inhibitors. While much of the story is that of the consequences of the formation of its product estrogens, we also will address alternative enzymatic roles of aromatase as a demethylase or nonenzymatic actions of this versatile molecule. Although this short review is meant to be thorough, it is by no means exhaustive; rather, it is meant to reflect the cutting-edge, exciting properties and possibilities of this ancient enzyme and its products.
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22
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Nothnick WB. MicroRNAs and Endometriosis: Distinguishing Drivers from Passengers in Disease Pathogenesis. Semin Reprod Med 2017; 35:173-180. [PMID: 28212593 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1599089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a disease common in women of reproductive age, characterized by pelvic pain and infertility. Despite its prevalence, the factors and mechanisms which contribute to the development and survival of ectopic lesions remain uncertain. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate posttranscriptional gene regulation which have been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of many diseases including that of endometriosis. This review summarizes the results of initial studies describing differentially expressed miRNAs between endometriotic lesion tissue and eutopic endometrium. Focus then moves toward discussion of studies on examining function of differentially expressed miRNAs to determine if they play a permissive role (driver of the disease) in events conducive to endometriosis progression/survival. Included in this discussion are the potential targets of these miRNAs and how their mis-expression may contribute to the disease. Limitations and challenges faced in studying miRNAs and endometriosis pathogenesis and recommendations to overcome these hurdles are presented at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren B Nothnick
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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23
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Yotova I, Hsu E, Do C, Gaba A, Sczabolcs M, Dekan S, Kenner L, Wenzl R, Tycko B. Epigenetic Alterations Affecting Transcription Factors and Signaling Pathways in Stromal Cells of Endometriosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170859. [PMID: 28125717 PMCID: PMC5268815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. Since its pathogenesis may involve epigenetic changes, we used Illumina 450K Methylation Beadchips to profile CpG methylation in endometriosis stromal cells compared to stromal cells from normal endometrium. We validated and extended the Beadchip data using bisulfite sequencing (bis-seq), and analyzed differential methylation (DM) at the CpG-level and by an element-level classification for groups of CpGs in chromatin domains. Genes found to have DM included examples encoding transporters (SLC22A23), signaling components (BDNF, DAPK1, ROR1, and WNT5A) and transcription factors (GATA family, HAND2, HOXA cluster, NR5A1, OSR2, TBX3). Intriguingly, among the TF genes with DM we also found JAZF1, a proto-oncogene affected by chromosomal translocations in endometrial stromal tumors. Using RNA-Seq we identified a subset of the DM genes showing differential expression (DE), with the likelihood of DE increasing with the extent of the DM and its location in enhancer elements. Supporting functional relevance, treatment of stromal cells with the hypomethylating drug 5aza-dC led to activation of DAPK1 and SLC22A23 and repression of HAND2, JAZF1, OSR2, and ROR1 mRNA expression. We found that global 5hmC is decreased in endometriotic versus normal epithelial but not stroma cells, and for JAZF1 and BDNF examined by oxidative bis-seq, found that when 5hmC is detected, patterns of 5hmC paralleled those of 5mC. Together with prior studies, these results define a consistent epigenetic signature in endometriosis stromal cells and nominate specific transcriptional and signaling pathways as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Yotova
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Emily Hsu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Catherine Do
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aulona Gaba
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Sczabolcs
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sabine Dekan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Clinical Institute of Pathology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Clinical Institute of Pathology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Pathology Laboratory Animal Pathology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rene Wenzl
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Tycko
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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Fox C, Morin S, Jeong JW, Scott RT, Lessey BA. Local and systemic factors and implantation: what is the evidence? Fertil Steril 2016; 105:873-84. [PMID: 26945096 PMCID: PMC4821679 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the understanding of embryonic competence and endometrial receptivity since the inception of assisted reproductive technology. The endometrium is a highly dynamic tissue that plays a crucial role in the establishment and maintenance of normal pregnancy. In response to steroid sex hormones, the endometrium undergoes marked changes during the menstrual cycle that are critical for acceptance of the nascent embryo. There is also a wide body of literature on systemic factors that impact assisted reproductive technology outcomes. Patient prognosis is impacted by an array of factors that tip the scales in her favor or against success. Recognizing the local and systemic factors will allow clinicians to better understand and optimize the maternal environment at the time of implantation. This review will address the current literature on endometrial and systemic factors related to impaired implantation and highlight recent advances in this area of reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Fox
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Scott Morin
- Reproductive Medicine Associates of New Jersey, Basking Ridge, New Jersey; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Richard T Scott
- Reproductive Medicine Associates of New Jersey, Basking Ridge, New Jersey; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Bruce A Lessey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina.
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25
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Vasquez YM, Wu SP, Anderson ML, Hawkins SM, Creighton CJ, Ray M, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ, Lydon JP, DeMayo FJ. Endometrial Expression of Steroidogenic Factor 1 Promotes Cystic Glandular Morphogenesis. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:518-32. [PMID: 27018534 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) is lost in endometriosis, potentially contributing to de novo local steroidogenesis favoring inflammation and growth of ectopic endometrial tissue. In this study, we examine the impact of SF1 expression in the eutopic uterus by a novel mouse model that conditionally expresses SF1 in endometrium. In vivo SF1 expression promoted the development of enlarged endometrial glands and attenuated estrogen and progesterone responsiveness. Endometriosis induction by autotransplantation of uterine tissue to the mesenteric membrane resulted in the increase in size of ectopic lesions from SF1-expressing mice. By integrating the SF1-dependent transcriptome with the whole genome binding profile of SF1, we identified uterine-specific SF1-regulated genes involved in Wingless and Progesterone receptor-Hedgehog-Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II signaling for gland development and epithelium-stroma interaction, respectively. The present results indicate that SF1 directly contributes to the abnormal uterine gland morphogenesis, an inhibition of steroid hormone signaling and activation of an immune response, in addition to previously postulated estrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin M Vasquez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Y.M.V., S.Y.T., M.-J.T., J.P.L., F.J.D.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.A., S.M.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center (M.L.A., C.J.C.), Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Pregnancy and Female Reproduction Group (S.-P.W., M.R., M.J.D.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - San-Pin Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Y.M.V., S.Y.T., M.-J.T., J.P.L., F.J.D.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.A., S.M.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center (M.L.A., C.J.C.), Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Pregnancy and Female Reproduction Group (S.-P.W., M.R., M.J.D.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Matthew L Anderson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Y.M.V., S.Y.T., M.-J.T., J.P.L., F.J.D.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.A., S.M.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center (M.L.A., C.J.C.), Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Pregnancy and Female Reproduction Group (S.-P.W., M.R., M.J.D.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Shannon M Hawkins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Y.M.V., S.Y.T., M.-J.T., J.P.L., F.J.D.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.A., S.M.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center (M.L.A., C.J.C.), Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Pregnancy and Female Reproduction Group (S.-P.W., M.R., M.J.D.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Y.M.V., S.Y.T., M.-J.T., J.P.L., F.J.D.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.A., S.M.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center (M.L.A., C.J.C.), Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Pregnancy and Female Reproduction Group (S.-P.W., M.R., M.J.D.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Madhumita Ray
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Y.M.V., S.Y.T., M.-J.T., J.P.L., F.J.D.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.A., S.M.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center (M.L.A., C.J.C.), Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Pregnancy and Female Reproduction Group (S.-P.W., M.R., M.J.D.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Sophia Y Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Y.M.V., S.Y.T., M.-J.T., J.P.L., F.J.D.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.A., S.M.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center (M.L.A., C.J.C.), Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Pregnancy and Female Reproduction Group (S.-P.W., M.R., M.J.D.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Ming-Jer Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Y.M.V., S.Y.T., M.-J.T., J.P.L., F.J.D.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.A., S.M.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center (M.L.A., C.J.C.), Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Pregnancy and Female Reproduction Group (S.-P.W., M.R., M.J.D.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Y.M.V., S.Y.T., M.-J.T., J.P.L., F.J.D.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.A., S.M.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center (M.L.A., C.J.C.), Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Pregnancy and Female Reproduction Group (S.-P.W., M.R., M.J.D.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Y.M.V., S.Y.T., M.-J.T., J.P.L., F.J.D.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.A., S.M.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center (M.L.A., C.J.C.), Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Pregnancy and Female Reproduction Group (S.-P.W., M.R., M.J.D.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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26
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Zhao Y, Chen Y, Kuang Y, Bagchi MK, Taylor RN, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS. Multiple Beneficial Roles of Repressor of Estrogen Receptor Activity (REA) in Suppressing the Progression of Endometriosis. Endocrinology 2016; 157:900-12. [PMID: 26653759 PMCID: PMC4733120 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent, inflammation-driven gynecologic disorder in which endometrial tissue creates inflammatory lesions at extrauterine sites, leading to pelvic pain and impaired fertility. Although dysregulated estrogen receptor (ER) signaling has been implicated, understanding of this disease is incomplete and current therapies are of limited benefit. Using an immunocompetent syngeneic murine model, we used combinations of donor uterine tissue and/or recipient host mice with partial genetic deletion of the ER coregulator, repressor of ER activity (REA) (also known as prohibitin 2), to investigate roles of REA in the contributions of donor uterine tissue and host cell influences on endometriosis establishment and progression. Ectopic lesions derived from donor tissue with half the wild-type gene dosage of REA (REA(+/-)) grown in REA(+/-) hosts displayed enhanced proliferation, vascularization, and markedly increased neuron innervation and inflammatory responses, including elevated cytokine production, nuclear factor kappa B activation, cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and immune cell infiltration. Although lesion progression was greatest when REA was reduced in both donor tissue and host animals, other donor/host combinations indicated that distinct stimulatory inputs were derived from ectopic tissue (proliferative signals) and host cells (inflammatory signals). Importantly, depletion of REA in primary human endometriotic stromal cells led to elevated proliferation and expression of cell cycle regulators. Notably, REA was significantly lower in human endometriotic tissue versus normal human endometrium. Thus, REA modulates cross talk among multiple cell types in the uterine tissue and host background, serving as a brake on the estradiol-ER axis and restraining multiple aspects that contribute to the pathologic progression of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechao Zhao
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (Y.Z., Y.C., M.K.B., B.S.K.) and Chemistry (J.A.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Y.K.), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.N.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Yiru Chen
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (Y.Z., Y.C., M.K.B., B.S.K.) and Chemistry (J.A.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Y.K.), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.N.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Ye Kuang
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (Y.Z., Y.C., M.K.B., B.S.K.) and Chemistry (J.A.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Y.K.), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.N.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Milan K Bagchi
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (Y.Z., Y.C., M.K.B., B.S.K.) and Chemistry (J.A.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Y.K.), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.N.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Robert N Taylor
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (Y.Z., Y.C., M.K.B., B.S.K.) and Chemistry (J.A.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Y.K.), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.N.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (Y.Z., Y.C., M.K.B., B.S.K.) and Chemistry (J.A.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Y.K.), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.N.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (Y.Z., Y.C., M.K.B., B.S.K.) and Chemistry (J.A.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Y.K.), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.N.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
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27
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Lu X, Wu ZM, Wang YW, Wang M, Cheng WW. Liver receptor homologue-1 and steroidogenic factor-1 expression in cultured granulosa cells from patients with endometriosis: A preliminary study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2015; 41:1927-34. [PMID: 26530052 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lu
- Reproductive Medical Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Zheng-mu Wu
- Reproductive Medical Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yong-wei Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Min Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Wei-wei Cheng
- Reproductive Medical Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine; Shanghai China
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28
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Geng Y, Gao R, Chen X, Liu X, Liao X, Li Y, Liu S, Ding Y, Wang Y, He J. Folate deficiency impairs decidualization and alters methylation patterns of the genome in mice. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 21:844-56. [PMID: 26246607 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing evidence suggests that adverse pregnancy outcomes are closely related with dietary factors. Previous studies in mice have focused on the harm of folate deficiency (FD) on development of embryo, while the effect of low maternal folate levels on maternal intrauterine environment during early pregnancy remains unclear. Since our previous study found that FD treatment of mice causes no apparent defects in embryo implantation but is accompanied by female subfertility, we next chose to investigate a potential role of FD on molecular events after implantation. We observed that the decidual bulges began to be stunted on pregnancy day 6. The results of functional experiments in vivo and in vitro showed that FD inhibited the process of endometrial decidualization. It has been confirmed that DNA methylation participates in decidualization, and folate as a methyl donor could change the methylation patterns of genes. Thus, we hypothesized that FD impairs maternal endometrial decidualization by altering the methylation profiles of related genes. Reduced representation bisulphite sequencing was carried out to detect the methylation profiles of endometrium on pregnancy day 6-8, which is equivalent to the decidualization period in mice. The results confirmed that FD changes the methylation patterns of genome, and GO analysis of the differentially methylated regions revealed that the associated genes mainly participate in biological adhesion, biological regulation, cell proliferation, development, metabolism and signalling. In addition, we found some candidates for regulators of decidual transformation, such as Nr1h3 and Nr5a1. The data indicate that FD inhibits decidualization, possibly by altering methylation patterns of the genome in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Geng
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Rufei Gao
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xinggui Liao
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yanli Li
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shangjing Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yubin Ding
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Junlin He
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016 Chongqing, PR China
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Zhou Y, Xu JN, Zeng C, Li X, Zhou YF, Qi Y, Xue Q. Metformin Suppresses Prostaglandin E2-Induced Cytochrome P450 Aromatase Gene Expression and Activity via Stimulation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Human Endometriotic Stromal Cells. Reprod Sci 2015; 22:1162-70. [PMID: 26058395 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115590664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 aromatase (encoded by the CYP19A1/aromatase gene) plays a critical physiologic role in endometriosis. Metformin is known to suppress prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced CYP19A1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in human endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs). However, the possible mechanism behind this suppression remains to be determined. METHODS In this study, ESCs were cultured with metformin, PGE2, and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitors. Expression of CYP19A1 mRNA and aromatase activity were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and aromatase activity assay, respectively. The binding of the cyclic AMP response element-binding (CREB) protein to CYP19A1 promoter II (PII) was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS We demonstrated that metformin downregulated the expression of aromatase mRNA (32%) and activity (25%) stimulated by PGE2 (4.18-fold and 2.14-fold) in ESCs via stimulation of AMPK. Following PGE2 treatment, there was a marked increase in CREB binding to aromatase PII, while metformin attenuated the above-mentioned stimulation by 67%. CONCLUSION Metformin could inhibit PGE2-induced CYP19A1 mRNA expression and aromatase activity via AMPK activation and inhibition of CREB to CYP19A1 PII in human ESCs. The results of the present study suggest that metformin may have unique therapeutic potential as an antiendometriotic drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ning Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Fang Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Appleyard CB, Cruz ML, Hernández S, Thompson KJ, Bayona M, Flores I. Stress management affects outcomes in the pathophysiology of an endometriosis model. Reprod Sci 2015; 22:431-41. [PMID: 25015902 PMCID: PMC4812689 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114542022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown detrimental effects of stress in an animal model of endometriosis. We now investigated whether the ability to control stress can affect disease parameters. Endometriosis was surgically induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats before exposing animals to a controllable (submerged platform) or uncontrollable (no platform) swim stress protocol. Corticosterone levels and fecal pellet numbers were measured as an indicator of stress. Uncontrollable stress increased the number and size of the endometriotic cysts. Rats receiving uncontrollable stress had higher anxiety than those exposed to controllable stress or no stress and higher corticosterone levels. Uncontrollable stressed rats had more colonic damage and uterine cell infiltration compared to no stress, while controllable stress rats showed less of an effect. Uncontrollable stress also increased both colonic and uterine motility. In summary, the level of stress controllability appears to modulate the behavior and pathophysiology of endometriosis and offers evidence for evaluating therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Appleyard
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Myrella L Cruz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Siomara Hernández
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Kenira J Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Manuel Bayona
- Public Health Program, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Idhaliz Flores
- Department of Microbiology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, PR, USA
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31
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Suganuma I, Mori T, Ito F, Tanaka Y, Sasaki A, Matsuo S, Kusuki I, Kitawaki J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1α enhances local estrogen biosynthesis by stimulating aromatase activity in endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1191-8. [PMID: 24654751 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease, and estrogen is overproduced by abnormally elevated aromatase in endometriotic tissues. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a transcriptional coactivator-modulating steroid hormone. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of PGC-1α on aromatase activity in endometriosis. DESIGN Specimens from ovarian endometrioma (OE), endometrium with endometriosis (EE), and normal endometrium (NE) were analyzed for PGC-1α and aromatase expression. PGC-1α-dependent changes in aromatase expression in primary cultured stromal cells (SCs) were identified using luciferase and enzymatic assays, exon I-specific RT-PCR, and real-time PCR. Environmental stimulus-induced changes in PGC-1α were also examined. RESULTS PGC-1α was more highly expressed in OE than in EE and NE (P < .01). In OE, PGC-1α was coexpressed with aromatase, and their mRNA expressions were also correlated (r = 0.56, P = .02). PGC-1α was recruited to the nuclear receptor half-site between PI.3 and PII in the aromatase promoter. PGC-1α overexpression enhanced aromatase promoter activity (P < .01), mRNA expression (P < .05), and enzymatic activity (P < .01) in SCs from OE, but not in SCs from EE or NE. The levels of PI.3, PII, and exon II mRNA increased and transcriptional enhancement was abolished by mutation of the PGC-1α-interacting site. PGC-1α expression was enhanced in SCs from OE by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (P < .05) but not by hypoxia or 17β-estradiol. CONCLUSIONS PGC-1α stimulated by TNF-α regulates aromatase expression and activity to promote local estrogen biosynthesis in OE, suggesting that PGC-1α is a promising candidate for novel targeted therapies in endometriosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Suganuma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Han SJ, O'Malley BW. The dynamics of nuclear receptors and nuclear receptor coregulators in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:467-84. [PMID: 24634322 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is defined as the colonization and growth of endometrial tissue at anatomic sites outside the uterine cavity. Up to 15% of reproductive-aged women in the USA suffer from painful symptoms of endometriosis, such as infertility, pelvic pain, menstrual cycle abnormalities and increased risk of certain cancers. However, many of the current clinical treatments for endometriosis are not sufficiently effective and yield unacceptable side effects. There is clearly an urgent need to identify new molecular mechanisms that critically underpin the initiation and progression of endometriosis in order to develop more specific and effective therapeutics which lack the side effects of current therapies. The aim of this review is to discuss how nuclear receptors (NRs) and their coregulators promote the progression of endometriosis. Understanding the pathogenic molecular mechanisms for the genesis and maintenance of endometriosis as modulated by NRs and coregulators can reveal new therapeutic targets for alternative endometriosis treatments. METHODS This review was prepared using published gene expression microarray data sets obtained from patients with endometriosis and published literature on NRs and their coregulators that deal with endometriosis progression. Using the above observations, our current understanding of how NRs and NR coregulators are involved in the progression of endometriosis is summarized. RESULTS Aberrant levels of NRs and NR coregulators in ectopic endometriosis lesions are associated with the progression of endometriosis. As an example, endometriotic cell-specific alterations in gene expression are correlated with a differential methylation status of the genome compared with the normal endometrium. These differential epigenetic regulations can generate favorable cell-specific NR and coregulator milieus for endometriosis progression. Genetic alterations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion/deletion polymorphisms of NR and coregulator genes, are frequently detected in ectopic lesions compared with the normal endometrium. These genetic variations impart new molecular properties to NRs and coregulators to increase their capacity to stimulate progression of endometriosis. Finally, post-translational modifications of NR coregulators, such as proteolytic processing, generate endometriosis-specific isoforms. Compared with the unmodified coregulators, these coregulator isoforms have unique functions that enhance the pathogenesis of endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic/genetic variations and posttranslational modifications of NRs and coregulators alter their original function so that they become potent 'drivers' of endometriosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Han
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Dyson MT, Roqueiro D, Monsivais D, Ercan CM, Pavone ME, Brooks DC, Kakinuma T, Ono M, Jafari N, Dai Y, Bulun SE. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis predicts an epigenetic switch for GATA factor expression in endometriosis. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004158. [PMID: 24603652 PMCID: PMC3945170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological disease defined by the extrauterine growth of endometrial-like cells that cause chronic pain and infertility. The disease is limited to primates that exhibit spontaneous decidualization, and diseased cells are characterized by significant defects in the steroid-dependent genetic pathways that typify this process. Altered DNA methylation may underlie these defects, but few regions with differential methylation have been implicated in the disease. We mapped genome-wide differences in DNA methylation between healthy human endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells and correlated this with gene expression using an interaction analysis strategy. We identified 42,248 differentially methylated CpGs in endometriosis compared to healthy cells. These extensive differences were not unidirectional, but were focused intragenically and at sites distal to classic CpG islands where methylation status was typically negatively correlated with gene expression. Significant differences in methylation were mapped to 403 genes, which included a disproportionally large number of transcription factors. Furthermore, many of these genes are implicated in the pathology of endometriosis and decidualization. Our results tremendously improve the scope and resolution of differential methylation affecting the HOX gene clusters, nuclear receptor genes, and intriguingly the GATA family of transcription factors. Functional analysis of the GATA family revealed that GATA2 regulates key genes necessary for the hormone-driven differentiation of healthy stromal cells, but is hypermethylated and repressed in endometriotic cells. GATA6, which is hypomethylated and abundant in endometriotic cells, potently blocked hormone sensitivity, repressed GATA2, and induced markers of endometriosis when expressed in healthy endometrial cells. The unique epigenetic fingerprint in endometriosis suggests DNA methylation is an integral component of the disease, and identifies a novel role for the GATA family as key regulators of uterine physiology-aberrant DNA methylation in endometriotic cells correlates with a shift in GATA isoform expression that facilitates progesterone resistance and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Dyson
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Damian Roqueiro
- Laboratory of Computational Functional Genomics, Dept. Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Diana Monsivais
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - C. Mutlu Ercan
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mary Ellen Pavone
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David C. Brooks
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Toshiyuki Kakinuma
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Masanori Ono
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nadereh Jafari
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yang Dai
- Laboratory of Computational Functional Genomics, Dept. Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Serdar E. Bulun
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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AB S, Srivastava P, Shivaji S. Understanding the pathogenesis of endometriosis through proteomics: Recent advances and future prospects. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 8:86-98. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siva AB
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research); Hyderabad India
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research); Hyderabad India
| | - Sisinthy Shivaji
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research); Hyderabad India
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Vasquez YM, DeMayo FJ. Role of nuclear receptors in blastocyst implantation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 24:724-35. [PMID: 23994285 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of blastocyst implantation in the uterus is orchestrated by the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone. These hormones act via their nuclear receptors to direct the transcriptional activity of the endometrial compartments and create a defined period in which the uterus is permissive to embryo implantation termed the "window of receptivity". Additional members of the nuclear receptor family have also been described to have a potential role in endometrial function. Much of what we know about the function of these nuclear receptors during implantation we have learned from the use of mouse models. Transgenic murine models with targeted gene ablation have allowed us to identify a complex network of paracrine signaling between the endometrial epithelium and stroma. While some of the critical molecules have been identified, the mechanism underlying the intricate communication between endometrial compartments during the implantation window has not been fully elucidated. Defining this mechanism will help identify markers of a receptive uterine environment, ultimately providing a useful tool to help improve the fertility outlook for reproductively challenged couples. The aim of this review is to outline our current understanding of how nuclear receptors and their effector molecules regulate blastocyst implantation in the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Vasquez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Hoivik EA, Bjanesoy TE, Bakke M. Epigenetic regulation of the gene encoding steroidogenic factor-1. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 371:133-9. [PMID: 23313548 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) is expressed in a precise time and cell-specific pattern in the endocrine system. Three intronic enhancers and one upstream enhancer, which are required for controlling the restricted expression of SF-1, have been identified in the mouse gene encoding SF-1. In recent years, efforts from several laboratories have established that expression of SF-1 is controlled by DNA methylation. CpG-sites are found in the basal promoter as well as in the intronic enhancers, and the methylation status of these genomic regions nearly perfectly correlates with their transcriptional activity such that they are hypomethylated in tissues where they are active, and generally hypermethylated in tissues where they are not active. This review summarizes the present knowledge of how tissue differentially methylated regions control the transcriptional activity of the SF-1 gene, and how irregularities in the methylation pattern can contribute to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erling A Hoivik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Shen L, Yang S, Huang W, Xu W, Wang Q, Song Y, Liu Y. MicroRNA23a and microRNA23b deregulation derepresses SF-1 and upregulates estrogen signaling in ovarian endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:1575-82. [PMID: 23450049 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Steroidogenic factor (SF)-1 and its downstream target genes involved in estrogen signaling are aberrantly expressed in ovarian endometriosis. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to explore the microRNA-mediated mechanism controlling aberrant SF-1 expression in ovarian endometriosis. DESIGN Bioinformatics analysis predicted that microRNA23a and microRNA23b (miR23a/b) target the NR5A1 3'-untranslated region. We investigated the relative expression and spatial distribution of miR23a/b and analyzed the relationship between miR23a/b and SF-1 expression in endometriotic tissues. SETTING The study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS We enrolled 23 women with American Fertility Society stage III-IV ovarian endometriosis and 15 disease-free control subjects. INTERVENTIONS Quantitative real-time RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, cell culture, transfections, and luciferase reporter assays were used in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The expression of miR23a/b and SF-1, CYP19A1, and StAR mRNAs; the relationships between miRNAs and SF-1 mRNA levels; and the effect of miR23a/b on SF-1 expression were measured in normal and eutopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and 293T cells. RESULTS Both miR23a and miR23b were downregulated in ectopic and eutopic endometrium, compared with normal endometrium, and their expression was inversely correlated with NR5A1 mRNA levels. SF-1 expression was inhibited by miR23a/b overexpression in eutopic ESCs and upregulated by miR23a/b inhibition in normal ESCs. CONCLUSIONS MiR23a and miR23b are potential biomarkers of ovarian endometriosis. This study provides a novel approach for targeting the mechanisms controlling aberrant local estrogen biosynthesis in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licong Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 20 Section 3 Renmin South Road, Chengdu Sichuan 610041, PR China
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Musille PM, Kohn JA, Ortlund EA. Phospholipid--driven gene regulation. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1238-46. [PMID: 23333623 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids (PLs), well known for their fundamental role in cellular structure, play critical signaling roles via their derivatives and cleavage products acting as second messengers in signaling cascades. Recent work has shown that intact PLs act as signaling molecules in their own right by modulating the activity of nuclear hormone transcription factors responsible for tuning genes involved in metabolism, lipid flux, steroid synthesis and inflammation. As such, PLs have been classified as novel hormones. This review highlights recent work in PL-driven gene regulation with a focus on the unique structural features of phospholipid-sensing transcription factors and what sets them apart from well known soluble phospholipid transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Musille
- Department of Biochemistry, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Santamaria X, Massasa EE, Taylor HS. Migration of cells from experimental endometriosis to the uterine endometrium. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5566-74. [PMID: 22968642 PMCID: PMC3473215 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is the estrogen-dependent growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Endometriosis has an effect on the eutopic endometrium; however, the nature of the cellular or molecular signal from the lesion to the uterus is unknown. Here we demonstrate that cells migrate from endometriosis to eutopic endometrium. Experimental endometriosis was established by transplanting endometrial tissue from green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice to the peritoneal cavity of DS-Red mice. Immunofluorescence (IF) identified cells from the ectopic lesions in the uterus. The eutopic endometrial cells were sorted by fluorescence activated cell sorting, and the GFP(+)/DS-Red(-) population was characterized using microarray analysis. The results of cell sorting as well as the array results were confirmed by quantitative PCR and IF. GFP(+)/DS-red(-)/Cd45(-) cells were identified in the eutopic endometrium of mice with experimental endometriois (∼1.8%) and not in controls. Global gene expression profiling of these cells showed absence of leukocyte and increased expression of pan-epithelial markers in the uterine GFP(+) cells. Moreover, GFP(+) cells showed up-regulation of Wnt7A expression and 17 other genes associated with the Wingless pathway. Several genes that are associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition were also highly differentially expressed in GFP(+) cells. IF confirmed the presence of the GFP(+)/CD45(-)/Wnt7a(+)/cytokeritin(+) cells in the endometrium of endometriotic animals, and not in controls. Cells from endometriotic lesions are capable of migrating to the eutopic endometrium. The ectopic expression of Wnt7A suggests a possible mechanism by which ectopic lesions affect the eutopic endometrium and interfere with embryo implantation and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Santamaria
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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40
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Khan MA, Sengupta J, Mittal S, Ghosh D. Genome-wide expressions in autologous eutopic and ectopic endometrium of fertile women with endometriosis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:84. [PMID: 23006437 PMCID: PMC3533745 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to obtain a lead of the pathophysiology of endometriosis, genome-wide expressional analyses of eutopic and ectopic endometrium have earlier been reported, however, the effects of stages of severity and phases of menstrual cycle on expressional profiles have not been examined. The effect of genetic heterogeneity and fertility history on transcriptional activity was also not considered. In the present study, a genome-wide expression analysis of autologous, paired eutopic and ectopic endometrial samples obtained from fertile women (n=18) suffering from moderate (stage 3; n=8) or severe (stage 4; n=10) ovarian endometriosis during proliferative (n=13) and secretory (n=5) phases of menstrual cycle was performed. METHODS Individual pure RNA samples were subjected to Agilent's Whole Human Genome 44K microarray experiments. Microarray data were validated (P<0.01) by estimating transcript copy numbers by performing real time RT-PCR of seven (7) arbitrarily selected genes in all samples. The data obtained were subjected to differential expression (DE) and differential co-expression (DC) analyses followed by networks and enrichment analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The reproducibility of prediction based on GSEA implementation of DC results was assessed by examining the relative expressions of twenty eight (28) selected genes in RNA samples obtained from fresh pool of eutopic and ectopic samples from confirmed ovarian endometriosis patients with stages 3 and 4 (n=4/each) during proliferative and secretory (n=4/each) phases. RESULTS Higher clustering effect of pairing (cluster distance, cd=0.1) in samples from same individuals on expressional arrays among eutopic and ectopic samples was observed as compared to that of clinical stages of severity (cd=0.5) and phases of menstrual cycle (cd=0.6). Post hoc analysis revealed anomaly in the expressional profiles of several genes associated with immunological, neuracrine and endocrine functions and gynecological cancers however with no overt oncogenic potential in endometriotic tissue. Dys-regulation of three (CLOCK, ESR1, and MYC) major transcription factors appeared to be significant causative factors in the pathogenesis of ovarian endometriosis. A novel cohort of twenty-eight (28) genes representing potential marker for ovarian endometriosis in fertile women was discovered. CONCLUSIONS Dysfunctional expression of immuno-neuro-endocrine behaviour in endometrium appeared critical to endometriosis. Although no overt oncogenic potential was evident, several genes associated with gynecological cancers were observed to be high in the expressional profiles in endometriotic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meraj A Khan
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jayasree Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suneeta Mittal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Debabrata Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Pavone ME, Bulun SE. Aromatase inhibitors for the treatment of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2012; 98:1370-9. [PMID: 22999792 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the use of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) for the treatment of endometriosis. DESIGN Literature review. CONCLUSION(S) Most studies show that in reproductive-age women, the combination of AI with conventional therapy alleviates endometriosis-related pain. In postmenopausal women, using an AI alone has been shown to be an effective treatment, although more studies are needed in this subgroup. Side effects of using AIs appear to be tolerable in most women, although special consideration should be given to monitoring bone mineral density. More studies need to be done examining pregnancy rates and outcomes after AI treatment for endometriosis. In addition, larger randomized clinical trials using AIs need to be done. In summary, AIs may be effective in treating endometriosis-related chronic pelvic pain in both reproductive-age and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Pavone
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Huhtinen K, Ståhle M, Perheentupa A, Poutanen M. Estrogen biosynthesis and signaling in endometriosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 358:146-54. [PMID: 21875644 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disease where endometrium-like tissue grows outside uterine cavity. Endometriotic cell proliferation is stimulated by estrogens acting predominantly via their nuclear receptors. Estrogen receptors (ESR1, ESR2) are ligand activated transcription factors whose activation is dependent on the cell-specific dynamic expression of the receptors, on the interacting proteins and on the ligand availability. The different types of endometriotic lesions, peritoneal, deep, and ovarian endometriosis, may respond to estrogens differentially due to differences in the expression of the receptors and interacting proteins, and due to potential differences in the ligand availability regulated by the local estrogen synthesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of estrogen synthesizing enzymes and estrogen receptors in different types of endometriosis lesions. Further studies are still needed to define the possible differences in steroid metabolism in different types of endometriotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Huhtinen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
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Bulun SE, Monsavais D, Pavone ME, Dyson M, Xue Q, Attar E, Tokunaga H, Su EJ. Role of estrogen receptor-β in endometriosis. Semin Reprod Med 2012; 30:39-45. [PMID: 22271293 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1299596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease. The biologically active estrogen, estradiol, aggravates the pathological processes (e.g., inflammation and growth) and the symptoms (e.g., pain) associated with endometriosis. Abundant quantities of estradiol are available for endometriotic tissue via several mechanisms including local aromatase expression. The question remains, then, what mediates estradiol action. Because estrogen receptor (ER)β levels in endometriosis are >100 times higher than those in endometrial tissue, this review focuses on this nuclear receptor. Deficient methylation of the ERβ promoter results in pathological overexpression of ERβ in endometriotic stromal cells. High levels of ERβ suppress ERα expression. A severely high ERβ-to-ERα ratio in endometriotic stromal cells is associated with suppressed progesterone receptor and increased cyclo-oxygenase-2 levels contributing to progesterone resistance and inflammation. ERβ-selective estradiol antagonists may serve as novel therapeutics of endometriosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar E Bulun
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Abstract
Aromatase is expressed in multiple tissues, indicating a crucial role for locally produced oestrogens in the differentiation, regulation and normal function of several organs and processes. This review is an overview of the role of aromatase in different tissues under normal physiological conditions and its contribution to the development of some oestrogen-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Stocco
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Fauser BCJM, Diedrich K, Bouchard P, Domínguez F, Matzuk M, Franks S, Hamamah S, Simón C, Devroey P, Ezcurra D, Howles CM. Contemporary genetic technologies and female reproduction. Hum Reprod Update 2011; 17:829-47. [PMID: 21896560 PMCID: PMC3191938 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmr033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Fifth Evian Annual Reproduction (EVAR) Workshop Meeting discussed knowledge regarding contemporary genetics in female reproduction. METHODS Specialist reproductive medicine clinicians and geneticists delivered presentations based on published literature and current research. The content of this report is based on the expert presentations and subsequent group discussions that took place during this Workshop. RESULTS Numerous ovarian genes with a role in infertility have been identified. Future challenges for genetic screening of patients, such as those with polycystic ovary syndrome, primary ovarian insufficiency or endometriosis, include the identification of high-throughput strategies and how to apply these findings to infertile patients. The identification of high-quality embryos in IVF using objective technologies remains a high priority in order to facilitate single-embryo transfer. Gene expression profiling of cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte, and proteomic and metabolomic approaches in embryo culture media may significantly improve non-invasive embryo quality assessment. CONCLUSIONS The way forward in advancing the knowledge of genes involved in reproduction was considered to be through genome-wide association studies involving large numbers of patients. Establishing international collaboration is required to enable the application of such technologies in sufficient numbers of patients.
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Matsukura H, Aisaki KI, Igarashi K, Matsushima Y, Kanno J, Muramatsu M, Sudo K, Sato N. Genistein promotes DNA demethylation of the steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) promoter in endometrial stromal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 412:366-72. [PMID: 21821006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been demonstrated that genistein (GEN), a phytoestrogen in soy products, is an epigenetic modulator in various types of cells; but its effect on endometrium has not yet been determined. We investigated the effects of GEN on mouse uterine cells, in vivo and in vitro. Oral administration of GEN for 1 week induced mild proliferation of the endometrium in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, which was accompanied by the induction of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) gene expression. GEN administration induced demethylation of multiple CpG sites in the SF-1 promoter; these sites are extensively methylated and thus silenced in normal endometrium. The GEN-mediated promoter demethylation occurred predominantly on the luminal side, as opposed to myometrium side, indicating that the epigenetic change was mainly shown in regenerated cells. Primary cultures of endometrial stromal cell colonies were screened for GEN-mediated alterations of DNA methylation by a high-resolution melting (HRM) method. One out of 20 colony-forming cell clones showed GEN-induced demethylation of SF-1. This clone exhibited a high proliferation capacity with continuous colony formation activity through multiple serial clonings. We propose that only a portion of endometrial cells are capable of receiving epigenetic modulation by GEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsukura
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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Whitby RJ, Stec J, Blind RD, Dixon S, Leesnitzer LM, Orband-Miller LA, Williams SP, Willson TM, Xu R, Zuercher WJ, Cai F, Ingraham HA. Small molecule agonists of the orphan nuclear receptors steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1, NR5A1) and liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1, NR5A2). J Med Chem 2011; 54:2266-81. [PMID: 21391689 DOI: 10.1021/jm1014296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of LRH-1 ligand binding domain bound to our previously reported agonist 3-(E-oct-4-en-4-yl)-1-phenylamino-2-phenyl-cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-2-ene 5 is described. Two new classes of agonists in which the bridgehead anilino group from our first series was replaced with an alkoxy or 1-ethenyl group were designed, synthesized, and tested for activity in a peptide recruitment assay. Both new classes gave very active compounds, particularly against SF-1. Structure-activity studies led to excellent dual-LRH-1/SF-1 agonists (e.g., RJW100) as well as compounds selective for LRH-1 (RJW101) and SF-1 (RJW102 and RJW103). The series based on 1-ethenyl substitution was acid stable, overcoming a significant drawback of our original bridgehead anilino-substituted series. Initial studies on the regulation of gene expression in human cell lines showed excellent, reproducible activity at endogenous target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Whitby
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hants, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
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Noël JC, Anaf V, Borghese B, Vaiman D, Fayt I, Chapron C. The steroidogenic factor-1 protein is not expressed in various forms of endometriosis but is strongly present in ovarian cortical or medullary mesenchymatous cells adjacent to endometriotic foci. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:2655-7. [PMID: 21324456 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) protein expression was not observed in any form of endometriosis (peritoneal, ovarian, or deep infiltrating endometriosis), which suggests that SF-1 locally produced by endometrial or stromal cells may not play a major role in the development of endometriosis. However, the strong expression of SF-1 in cortical and medullary ovarian mesenchymatous cells may be capable of creating a favorable steroidogenic environment and the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Noël
- Department of Gynecopathology, Erasme University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
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P450Arom induction in isolated control endometrial cells by peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2010; 94:2521-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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