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Zhang X, Yang W, Wang J, Meng Y, Guan Y, Yang J. FAM3 gene family: A promising therapeutical target for NAFLD and type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2018; 81:71-82. [PMID: 29221790 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes are severe public health issues worldwide. The Family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3) gene family consists of four members designated as FAM3A, FAM3B, FAM3C and FAM3D, respectively. Recently, there had been increasing evidence that FAM3A, FAM3B and FAM3C are important regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism. FAM3A expression is reduced in the livers of diabetic rodents and NAFLD patients. Hepatic FAM3A restoration activates ATP-P2 receptor-Akt and AMPK pathways to attenuate steatosis and hyperglycemia in obese diabetic mice. FAM3C expression is also reduced in the liver under diabetic condition. FAM3C is a new hepatokine that activates HSF1-CaM-Akt pathway and represses mTOR-SREBP1-FAS pathway to suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. In contrast, hepatic expression of FAM3B, also called PANDER, is increased under obese state. FAM3B promotes hepatic lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis by repressing Akt and AMPK activities, and activating lipogenic pathway. Under obese state, the imbalance among hepatic FAM3A, FAM3B and FAM3C signaling networks plays important roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and type 2 diabetes. This review briefly discussed the latest research progress on the roles and mechanisms of FAM3A, FAM3B and FAM3C in the regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junpei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuhong Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Youfei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Bendre A, Büki KG, Määttä JA. Fam3c modulates osteogenic differentiation by down-regulating Runx2. Differentiation 2016; 93:50-57. [PMID: 27914282 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fam3c, a cytokine-like protein, is a member of the Fam3 family (family with sequence similarity 3) and has been implicated to play a crucial role in Epithelial-to- mesenchymal transition (EMT) and subsequent metastasis during cancer progression. A few independent genome-wide association studies on different population cohorts predicted the gene locus of Fam3c to be associated with bone mineral density and fractures. In this study, we examined the role of Fam3c during osteoblast differentiation. Fam3c was found to be expressed during osteogenic differentiation of both primary bone marrow stromal cells and MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. In differentiating osteoblasts, knockdown of Fam3c increased alkaline phosphatase expression and activity whereas overexpression of Fam3c reduced it. Furthermore, overexpression of Fam3c caused reduction of Runx2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Fam3c was localized in the cytoplasm and it was not secreted outside the cell during osteoblast differentiation and therefore, may function intracellularly. Furthermore, Fam3c and TGF-β1 were found to regulate each other reciprocally. Our findings therefore suggest a functional role of Fam3c in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Bendre
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalman G Büki
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma A Määttä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Athanason MG, Ratliff WA, Chaput D, MarElia CB, Kuehl MN, Stevens SM, Burkhardt BR. Quantitative proteomic profiling reveals hepatic lipogenesis and liver X receptor activation in the PANDER transgenic model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 436:41-9. [PMID: 27394190 PMCID: PMC5789791 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PANcreatic-DERived factor (PANDER) is a member of a superfamily of FAM3 proteins modulating glycemic levels by metabolic regulation of the liver and pancreas. The precise PANDER-induced hepatic signaling mechanism is still being elucidated and has been very complex due to the pleiotropic nature of this novel hormone. Our PANDER transgenic (PANTG) mouse displays a selective hepatic insulin resistant (SHIR) phenotype whereby insulin signaling is blunted yet lipogenesis is increased, a phenomena observed in type 2 diabetes. To examine the complex PANDER-induced mechanism of SHIR, we utilized quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis using Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) to reveal the global hepatic proteome differences within the PANTG under the metabolic states of fasting, fed and insulin-stimulated conditions. Proteomic analysis identified lipid metabolism as one of the top cellular functions differentially altered in all metabolic states. Differentially expressed proteins within the PANTG having a lipid metabolic role included ACC, ACLY, CD36, CYP7A1, FASN and SCD1. Central to the differentially expressed proteins involved in lipid metabolism was the predicted activation of the liver X receptor (LXR) pathway. Western analysis validated the increased hepatic expression of LXRα along with LXR-directed targets such as FASN and CYP7A1 within the PANTG liver. Furthermore, recombinant PANDER was capable of inducing LXR promoter activity in-vitro as determined by luciferase reporter assays. Taken together, PANDER strongly impacts hepatic lipid metabolism across metabolic states and may induce a SHIR phenotype via the LXR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Athanason
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, BSF 206, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Whitney A Ratliff
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, BSF 206, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Dale Chaput
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, BSF 206, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Catherine B MarElia
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, BSF 206, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Melanie N Kuehl
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, BSF 206, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Stanley M Stevens
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, BSF 206, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Brant R Burkhardt
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, BSF 206, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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Meyerovich K, Ortis F, Allagnat F, Cardozo AK. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response in pancreatic islet inflammation. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:R1-R17. [PMID: 27067637 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are extremely dependent on their endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to cope with the oscillatory requirement of secreted insulin to maintain normoglycemia. Insulin translation and folding rely greatly on the unfolded protein response (UPR), an array of three main signaling pathways designed to maintain ER homeostasis and limit ER stress. However, prolonged or excessive UPR activation triggers alternative molecular pathways that can lead to β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. An increasing number of studies suggest a role of these pro-apoptotic UPR pathways in the downfall of β-cells observed in diabetic patients. Particularly, the past few years highlighted a cross talk between the UPR and inflammation in the context of both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this article, we describe the recent advances in research regarding the interplay between ER stress, the UPR, and inflammation in the context of β-cell apoptosis leading to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Meyerovich
- ULB Center for Diabetes ResearchUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fernanda Ortis
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Florent Allagnat
- Department of Vascular SurgeryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra K Cardozo
- ULB Center for Diabetes ResearchUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Haam JH, Kim YS, Koo HS, Haam J, Seo NK, Kim HY, Park KC, Park KS, Kim MJ. Intermuscular adipose tissue is associated with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, independent of visceral adipose tissue. Clin Biochem 2015; 49:439-443. [PMID: 26705742 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerging evidence suggests that intermuscular adipose tissue is a risk factor for insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. We investigated whether the levels of leptin, adiponectin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 are associated with intermuscular adipose tissue in obese subjects. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 77 obese Korean women. Areas of visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and intermuscular adipose tissue were measured by computed tomography scan, and serum concentrations of adipokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Correlation between the levels of adipokines and the fat areas was assessed using Pearson correlation and covariate-adjusted multivariable regression. RESULTS Leptin was positively correlated with subcutaneous adipose tissue (r=0.452, P<0.001), fasting insulin (r=0.403, P<0.001), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r=0.360, P=0.001), whereas monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was positively correlated with intermuscular adipose tissue (r=0.483, P<0.001). After adjustment for age, height, and other body composition metrics, leptin was still related to subcutaneous adipose tissue (β=0.390, P=0.001). Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was associated with intermuscular adipose tissue (β=0.433, P=0.001) after adjustment for visceral adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS Intermuscular adipose tissue was correlated with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, suggesting its role in the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Haam
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Sang Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyung Suk Koo
- Department of Family Medicine, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital, 268, Buljeong-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Juhee Haam
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Nam Kyoung Seo
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyung Yuk Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Chae Park
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Moon Jong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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Yang J, Guan Y. Family with sequence similarity 3 gene family and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28 Suppl 1:105-11. [PMID: 23855304 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a disease spectrum ranging from simple steatosis (fatty liver) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to fibrosis and cirrhosis. NAFLD has become the leading cause of chronic liver diseases as well as liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. NAFLD is also associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance in adipose tissues and the liver plays crucial roles in the progression of NAFLD. The family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3) gene family is a cytokine-like gene family with four members designated FAM3A, FAM3B, FAM3C, and FAM3D, respectively. Increasing evidence suggests that the FAM3 gene family members are involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In particular, FAM3B, also called pancreatic-derived factor, is an important regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. In obesity status, increased expression and secretion of FAM3B in pancreatic islets and liver may induce lipid accumulation in the liver via the induction of hepatic insulin resistance and lipogenesis. FAM3A and FAM3D may also participate in the regulation of lipid and energy metabolism. In this brief review, we discussed the latest findings regarding the role of FAM3 gene family members, in particular FAM3B, in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
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Mou H, Li Z, Yao P, Zhuo S, Luan W, Deng B, Qian L, Yang M, Mei H, Le Y. Knockdown of FAM3B triggers cell apoptosis through p53-dependent pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:684-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Xiang JN, Chen DL, Yang LY. Effect of PANDER in βTC6-cell lipoapoptosis and the protective role of exendin-4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:701-6. [PMID: 22542939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to high concentrations of saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (PA), leads to apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells through the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. This study of β-cell lipoapoptosis was designed to investigate the roles of pancreatic-derived factor (PANDER), a pro-apoptosis cytokine-like peptide, and exendin-4, a long-acting agonist of the hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor and anti-apoptosis factor. The glucose-sensitive mouse β-pancreatic cell line, βTC6, was used to investigate the mechanisms of PA-induced apoptosis. Twenty-four hours of PA exposure led to increased PANDER expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and significantly increased phosphorylation of JNK. Treatment with the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 reduced the PA-induced PANDER expression. After the 24h of PA exposure, cells also underwent marked apoptosis and showed increased activation of the apoptosis protease, caspase-3. The small interfering (si)RNA-mediated silencing of PANDER gene expression significantly reduced both of these effects. When PA-treated βTC6 cells were exposed to exogenous exendin-4, JNK activation was inhibited, PANDER expression was decreased, and the numbers of apoptotic cells were reduced. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the JNK-mediated signaling mechanism of PA-induced β-cell apoptosis involves up-regulated expression of PANDER and activation of caspase-3. Exendin-4 may protect against lipoapoptosis by interfering with the JNK-PANDER pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Nan Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
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Heimfarth L, Loureiro SO, Reis KP, de Lima BO, Zamboni F, Gandolfi T, Narvaes R, da Rocha JBT, Pessoa-Pureur R. Cross-Talk among Intracellular Signaling Pathways Mediates the Diphenyl Ditelluride Actions on the Hippocampal Cytoskeleton of Young Rats. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1754-64. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200307u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Heimfarth
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Karina Pires Reis
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Bárbara Ortiz de Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Zamboni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Talita Gandolfi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Narvaes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Regina Pessoa-Pureur
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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