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Desroziers E. Unusual suspects: Glial cells in fertility regulation and their suspected role in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13136. [PMID: 35445462 PMCID: PMC9489003 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (GnRH) neurons sitting within the hypothalamus control the production of gametes and sex steroids by the gonads, therefore ensuring survival of species. As orchestrators of reproductive function, GnRH neurons integrate information from external and internal cues. This occurs through an extensively studied neuronal network known as the "GnRH neuronal network." However, the brain is not simply composed of neurons. Evidence suggests a role for glial cells in controlling GnRH neuron activity, secretion and fertility outcomes, although numerous questions remain. Glial cells have historically been seen as support cells for neurons. This idea has been challenged by the discovery that some neurological diseases originate from glial dysfunction. The prevalence of infertility disorders is increasing worldwide, with one in four couples being affected; therefore, it remains essential to understand the mechanisms by which the brain controls fertility. The "GnRH glial network" could be a major player in infertility disorders and represent a potential therapeutic target. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common infertility disorder of reproductive aged women worldwide, the brain is considered a prime suspect. Recent studies have demonstrated pathological neuronal wiring of the "GnRH neuronal network" in PCOS-like animal models. However, the role of the "GnRH glial network" remains to be elucidated. In this review, I aim to propose glial cells as unusual suspects in infertility disorders such as PCOS. In the first part, I state our current knowledge about the role of glia in the regulation of GnRH neurons and fertility. In the second part, based on our recent findings, I discuss how glial cells could be implicated in PCOS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Desroziers
- Department of Physiology, Centre for NeuroendocrinologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neuroscience Paris Seine – Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neuroplasticity of Reproductive Behaviours TeamParisFrance
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2
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Saini V, Kaur T, Kalotra S, Kaur G. The neuroplasticity marker PSA-NCAM: Insights into new therapeutic avenues for promoting neuroregeneration. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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3
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MacDonald AJ, Robb JL, Morrissey NA, Beall C, Ellacott KLJ. Astrocytes in neuroendocrine systems: An overview. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12726. [PMID: 31050045 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A class of glial cell, astrocytes, is highly abundant in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to maintaining tissue homeostasis, astrocytes regulate neuronal communication and synaptic plasticity. There is an ever-increasing appreciation that astrocytes are involved in the regulation of physiology and behaviour in normal and pathological states, including within neuroendocrine systems. Indeed, astrocytes are direct targets of hormone action in the CNS, via receptors expressed on their surface, and are also a source of regulatory neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and gliotransmitters. Furthermore, as part of the neurovascular unit, astrocytes can regulate hormone entry into the CNS. This review is intended to provide an overview of how astrocytes are impacted by and contribute to the regulation of a diverse range of neuroendocrine systems: energy homeostasis and metabolism, reproduction, fluid homeostasis, the stress response and circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J MacDonald
- Neuroendocrine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Josephine L Robb
- Neuroendocrine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Nicole A Morrissey
- Neuroendocrine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Craig Beall
- Neuroendocrine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Kate L J Ellacott
- Neuroendocrine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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4
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Jayaram S, Balakrishnan L, Singh M, Zabihi A, Ganesh RA, Mangalaparthi KK, Sonpatki P, Gupta MK, Amaresha CB, Prasad K, Mariswamappa K, Pillai S, Lakshmikantha A, Shah N, Sirdeshmukh R. Identification of a Novel Splice Variant of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule in Glioblastoma Through Proteogenomics Analysis. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 22:437-448. [PMID: 29927716 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Splice variants are known to be important in the pathophysiology of tumors, including the brain cancers. We applied a proteogenomics pipeline to identify splice variants in glioblastoma (GBM, grade IV glioma), a highly malignant brain tumor, using in-house generated mass spectrometric proteomic data and public domain RNASeq dataset. Our analysis led to the identification of a novel exon that maps to the long isoform of Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1), expressed on the surface of glial cells and neurons, important for cell adhesion and cell signaling. The presence of the novel exon is supported with the identification of five peptides spanning it. Additional peptides were also detected in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gel separated proteins from GBM patient tissue, underscoring the presence of the novel peptides in the intact brain protein. The novel exon was detected in the RNASeq dataset in 18 of 25 GBM samples and separately validated in additional 10 GBM tumor tissues using quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Both transcriptomic and proteomic data indicate downregulation of NCAM1, including the novel variant, in GBM. Domain analysis of the novel NCAM1 sequence indicates that the insertion of the novel exon contributes extra low-complexity region in the protein that may be important for protein-protein interactions and hence for cell signaling associated with tumor development. Taken together, the novel NCAM1 variant reported in this study exemplifies the importance of future multiomics research and systems biology applications in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Jayaram
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Tech Park, Bangalore, India .,2 Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal, India
| | - Lavanya Balakrishnan
- 3 Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research , Narayana Hrudayalaya Health City, Bangalore, India
| | - Manika Singh
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Tech Park, Bangalore, India .,4 Amrita School of Biotechnology , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Azin Zabihi
- 3 Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research , Narayana Hrudayalaya Health City, Bangalore, India
| | - Raksha A Ganesh
- 3 Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research , Narayana Hrudayalaya Health City, Bangalore, India
| | - Kiran K Mangalaparthi
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Tech Park, Bangalore, India .,4 Amrita School of Biotechnology , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Pranali Sonpatki
- 3 Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research , Narayana Hrudayalaya Health City, Bangalore, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Tech Park, Bangalore, India .,2 Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal, India
| | - Chaitra B Amaresha
- 3 Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research , Narayana Hrudayalaya Health City, Bangalore, India
| | - Komal Prasad
- 5 Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center , Narayana Health City, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Shibu Pillai
- 5 Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center , Narayana Health City, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Nameeta Shah
- 3 Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research , Narayana Hrudayalaya Health City, Bangalore, India
| | - Ravi Sirdeshmukh
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Tech Park, Bangalore, India .,2 Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal, India .,3 Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research , Narayana Hrudayalaya Health City, Bangalore, India
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5
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Loers G, Astafiev S, Hapiak Y, Saini V, Mishra B, Gul S, Kaur G, Schachner M, Theis T. The polysialic acid mimetics idarubicin and irinotecan stimulate neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth and signal via protein kinase C. J Neurochem 2017; 142:392-406. [PMID: 28542923 PMCID: PMC5539918 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (PSA) is a large, negatively charged, linear homopolymer of alpha2-8-linked sialic acid residues. It is generated by two polysialyltransferases and attached to N- and/or O-linked glycans, and its main carrier is the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). PSA controls the development and regeneration of the nervous system by enhancing cell migration, axon pathfinding, synaptic targeting, synaptic plasticity, by regulating the differentiation of progenitor cells and by modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions. In the adult, PSA plays a role in the immune system, and PSA mimetics promote functional recovery after nervous system injury. In search for novel small molecule mimetics of PSA that are applicable for therapy, we identified idarubicin, an antineoplastic anthracycline, and irinotecan, an antineoplastic agent of the topoisomerase I inhibitor class, as PSA mimetics using a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Idarubicin and irinotecan compete with the PSA-mimicking peptide and colominic acid, the bacterial analog of PSA, for binding to the PSA-specific monoclonal antibody 735. Idarubicin and irinotecan stimulate neurite outgrowth and survival of cultured cerebellar neurons after oxidative stress via protein kinase C and Erk1/2 in a similar manner as colominic acid, whereas Fyn, casein kinase II and the phosphatase and tensin homolog are only involved in idarubicin and irinotecan-stimulated neurite outgrowth. These novel results show that the structure and function of PSA can be mimicked by the small organic compounds irinotecan and idarubicin which trigger the same signaling cascades as PSA, thus introducing the possibility of retargeting these drugs to treat nervous system injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steven Astafiev
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yuliya Hapiak
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Vedangana Saini
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, GT Road, 143005 Amritsar, India
| | - Bibhudatta Mishra
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Screening Port (Fraunhofer-IME SP), Schnackenburgalle114, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, GT Road, 143005 Amritsar, India
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Melitta Schachner, Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; phone: +1-732-445-1780; fax: +1-732-445-2063; ; or Melitta Schachner, Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; phone: + 86 754 8890 0276; fax: + 86 754 8890 0236;
| | - Thomas Theis
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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6
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Miyata S. Advances in Understanding of Structural Reorganization in the Hypothalamic Neurosecretory System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:275. [PMID: 29089925 PMCID: PMC5650978 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic neurosecretory system synthesizes neuropeptides in hypothalamic nuclei and releases them from axonal terminals into the circulation in the neurohypophysis (NH) and median eminence (ME). This system plays a crucial role in regulating body fluid homeostasis and social behaviors as well as reproduction, growth, metabolism, and stress responses, and activity-dependent structural reorganization has been reported. Current knowledge on dynamic structural reorganization in the NH and ME, in which the axonal terminals of neurosecretory neurons directly contact the basement membrane (BM) of a fenestrated vasculature, is discussed herein. Glial cells, pituicytes in the NH and tanycytes in the ME, engulf axonal terminals and interpose their cellular processes between axonal terminals and the BM when hormonal demands are low. Increasing demands for neurosecretion result in the retraction of the cellular processes of glial cells from axonal terminals and the BM, permitting increased neurovascular contact. The shape conversion of pituicytes and tanycytes is mediated by neurotransmitters and sex steroid hormones, respectively. The NH and ME have a rough vascular BM profile of wide perivascular spaces and specialized extension structures called "perivascular protrusions." Perivascular protrusions, the insides of which are occupied by the cellular processes of vascular mural cells pericytes, contribute to increasing neurovascular contact and, thus, the efficient diffusion of hypothalamic neuropeptides. A chronic physiological stimulation has been shown to increase perivascular protrusions via the shape conversion of pericytes and the profile of the vascular surface. Continuous angiogenesis occurs in the NH and ME of healthy normal adult rodents depending on the signaling of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The inhibition of VEGF signaling suppresses the proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) and promotes their apoptosis, which results in decreases in the population of ECs and axonal terminals. Pituicytes and tanycytes are continuously replaced by the proliferation and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells, which may be regulated by matching those of ECs and axonal terminals. In conclusion, structural reorganization in the NH and ME is caused by the activity-dependent shape conversion of glial cells and vascular mural cells as well as the proliferation of endothelial and glial cells by angiogenesis and gliogenesis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Miyata
- Department of Applied Biology, The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion (CAIRP), Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Seiji Miyata,
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Saini V, Loers G, Kaur G, Schachner M, Jakovcevski I. Impact of neural cell adhesion molecule deletion on regeneration after mouse spinal cord injury. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:1734-46. [PMID: 27178448 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) plays important functional roles in development of the nervous system. We investigated the influence of a constitutive ablation of NCAM on the outcome of spinal cord injury. Transgenic mice lacking NCAM (NCAM-/-) were subjected to severe compression injury of the lower thoracic spinal cord using wild-type (NCAM+/+) littermates as controls. According to the single-frame motion analysis, the NCAM-/- mice showed reduced locomotor recovery in comparison to control mice at 3 and 6 weeks after injury, indicating an overall positive impact of NCAM on recovery after injury. Also the Basso Mouse Scale score was lower in NCAM-/- mice at 3 weeks after injury, whereas at 6 weeks after injury the difference between genotypes was not statistically significant. Worse locomotor function was associated with decreased monoaminergic and cholinergic innervation of the spinal cord caudal to the injury site and decreased axonal regrowth/sprouting at the site of injury. Astrocytic scar formation at the injury site, as assessed by immunohistology for glial fibrillary acidic protein at and around the lesion site was increased in NCAM-/- compared with NCAM+/+ mice. Migration of cultured monolayer astrocytes from NCAM-/- mice was reduced as assayed by scratch wounding. Numbers of Iba-1 immunopositive microglia were not different between genotypes. We conclude that constitutive NCAM deletion in young adult mice reduces recovery after spinal cord injury, validating the hypothesized beneficial role of this molecule in recovery after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedangana Saini
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätskrankenhaus Hamburg-Eppendorf, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, India
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätskrankenhaus Hamburg-Eppendorf, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, India
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätskrankenhaus Hamburg-Eppendorf, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Igor Jakovcevski
- Institute for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, University Hospital Cologne, Köln, Germany
- Experimental Neurophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, D-53175, Bonn, Germany
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Kaur T, Manchanda S, Saini V, Lakhman SS, Kaur G. Efficacy of Anti-Epileptic Drugs in the Treatment of Tumor and Its Associated Epilepsy: An in vitro Perspective. Ann Neurosci 2016; 23:33-43. [PMID: 27536020 PMCID: PMC4934412 DOI: 10.1159/000443554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The change in the therapeutic targets from neuron to glia has proved beneficial in the treatment of many psychiatric disorders. The anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) have been widely prescribed for the treatment of partial and complete seizures, bipolar disorder among others. The current study was carried out to explore the efficacy of some conventional and novel AEDs for the treatment of tumor-associated epilepsy which develops in 29-49% of the patients diagnosed with brain tumors. We used C6 glioma cell line as model system to study the effect of selected AEDs, viz., gabapentin (GBP), valproic acid (VPA) and topiramate (TPM). Morphometry, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis, expression of different protein markers, viz., GFAP, HSP70 and nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) were studied in AED-treated cultures. The study was further extended to rat hypothalamic primary explant cultures, and cell migration and expression of plasticity markers - neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and polysialylation of NCAM (PSA-NCAM) - were studied in the explants. TPM was observed to show more pronounced increase in apoptosis of glioblastoma cells accompanied by significant downregulation in the expression of HSP70 and NFκB. TPM-treated explants also showed highest process ramification and cellular migration accompanied by intense expression of the plasticity markers as compared to those treated with GBP and VPA. Among the 3 AEDs tested, TPM was observed to show more promising effects on cytoprotection and plasticity of C6 glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taranjeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Shaffi Manchanda
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Vedangana Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sukhwinder S Lakhman
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, D'Youville College School of Pharmacy, Buffalo, N.Y., USA
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Loers G, Saini V, Mishra B, Gul S, Chaudhury S, Wallqvist A, Kaur G, Schachner M. Vinorelbine and epirubicin share common features with polysialic acid and modulate neuronal and glial functions. J Neurochem 2016; 136:48-62. [PMID: 26443186 PMCID: PMC4904230 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (PSA), a large, linear glycan composed of 8 to over 100 α2,8-linked sialic acid residues, modulates development of the nervous system by enhancing cell migration, axon pathfinding, and synaptic targeting and by regulating differentiation of progenitor cells. PSA also functions in developing and adult immune systems and is a signature of many cancers. In this study we identified vinorelbine, a semi-synthetic third generation vinca alkaloid, and epirubicin, an anthracycline and 4'-epimer of doxorubicin, as PSA mimetics. Similar to PSA, vinorelbine and epirubicin bind to the PSA-specific monoclonal antibody 735 and compete with the bacterial analog of PSA, colominic acid in binding to monoclonal antibody 735. Vinorelbine and epirubicin stimulate neurite outgrowth of cerebellar neurons via the neural cell adhesion molecule, via myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, and via fibroblast growth factor receptor, signaling through Erk pathways. Furthermore, the two compounds enhance process formation of Schwann cells and migration of cerebellar neurons in culture, and reduce migration of astrocytes after injury. These novel results show that the structure and function of PSA can be mimicked by the small organic compounds vinorelbine and epirubicin, thus raising the possibility to re-target drugs used in treatment of cancers to nervous system repair. Vinorelbine and epirubicin, identified as PSA mimetics, enhance, like PSA, neuronal migration, neuritogenesis, and formation of Schwann cell processes, and reduce astrocytic migration. Ablating NCAM, inhibiting fibroblast growth factor (FGFR) receptor, or adding the effector domain of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) minimize the vinorelbine and epirubicin effects, indicating that they are true PSA mimetics triggering PSA-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vedangana Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, GT Road, 143005 Amritsar, India
| | - Bibhudatta Mishra
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology ScreeningPort (Fraunhofer-IME SP), Schnackenburgalle114, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sidhartha Chaudhury
- DoD Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 (USA)
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- DoD Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 (USA)
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, GT Road, 143005 Amritsar, India
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
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Kataria H, Gupta M, Lakhman S, Kaur G. Withania somnifera aqueous extract facilitates the expression and release of GnRH: In vitro and in vivo study. Neurochem Int 2015; 89:111-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kumar S, Kaur G. Second generation anti-epileptic drugs adversely affect reproductive functions in young non-epileptic female rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:1709-18. [PMID: 25213092 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive endocrine disturbances are a major health concern in women with epilepsy due to their long term use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Second generation AEDs such as topiramate (TPM) and gabapentin are frequently used for the treatment of epilepsy as well as migraine, bipolar disorder etc. Despite the widespread clinical complications, however the definitive mechanism(s) mediating the side effects of TPM and gabapentin remain obscure. The present study was aimed to evaluate the long term effects of TPM and gabapentin on reproductive functions in young female Wistar rats. Estrous cyclicity, ovarian histology as well as estradiol, LH, leptin and insulin hormones level were studied to elucidate the long-term effect of these AEDs monotherapy on reproductive functions in non-epileptic animals. Further to explore the effects on gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neuroendocrine plasticity, the expression of GnRH, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), glial fibrilliary acidic protein (GFAP) and polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) was studied in median eminence (ME) region of these animals by immunohistochemistry, Western blot hybridization and RT-PCR. Our results demonstrate that TPM and gabapentin treatment for 8 weeks cause reproductive dysfunction as ascertained by disturbed hormonal levels and estrous cyclicity as well as alterations in GABAergic system and GnRH neuronal-glial plasticity. Our findings suggest that treatment with TPM and gabapentin disrupts the complete hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis (HPG) through GnRH pulse generator in hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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12
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Loers G, Saini V, Mishra B, Papastefanaki F, Lutz D, Chaudhury S, Ripoll DR, Wallqvist A, Gul S, Schachner M, Kaur G. Nonyloxytryptamine mimics polysialic acid and modulates neuronal and glial functions in cell culture. J Neurochem 2013; 128:88-100. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Vedangana Saini
- Department of Biotechnology; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar Punjab India
| | - Bibhudatta Mishra
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Florentia Papastefanaki
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology; Hellenic Pasteur Institute; Athens Greece
| | - David Lutz
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Sidhartha Chaudhury
- DoD Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute; Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center; US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command; Fort Detrick Maryland USA
| | - Daniel R. Ripoll
- DoD Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute; Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center; US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command; Fort Detrick Maryland USA
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- DoD Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute; Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center; US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command; Fort Detrick Maryland USA
| | - Sheraz Gul
- European ScreeningPort GmbH; Schnackenburgalle114; Hamburg Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience; Rutgers University; Piscataway New Jersey USA
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar Punjab India
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Intermittent fasting dietary restriction regimen negatively influences reproduction in young rats: a study of hypothalamo-hypophysial-gonadal axis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52416. [PMID: 23382817 PMCID: PMC3558496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional infertility is very common in societies where women fail to eat enough to match their energy expenditure and such females often present as clinical cases of anorexia nervosa. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that link energy balance and central regulation of reproduction are still not well understood. Peripheral hormones such as estradiol, testosterone and leptin, as well as neuropeptides like kisspeptin and neuropeptides Y (NPY) play a potential role in regulation of reproduction and energy balance with their primary target converging on the hypothalamic median eminence-arcuate region. The present study was aimed to explore the effects of negative energy state resulting from intermittent fasting dietary restriction (IF-DR) regimen on complete hypothalamo-hypophysial-gonadal axis in Wistar strain young female and male rats. Significant changes in body weight, blood glucose, estrous cyclicity and serum estradiol, testosterone and LH level indicated the negative role of IF-DR regimen on reproduction in these young animals. Further, it was elucidated whether serum level of metabolic hormone, leptin plays a mechanistic role in suppressing hypothalamo-hypophysial-gonadal (HPG) axis via energy regulators, kisspeptin and NPY in rats on IF-DR regimen. We also studied the effect of IF-DR regimen on structural remodeling of GnRH axon terminals in median eminence region of hypothalamus along with the glial cell marker, GFAP and neuronal plasticity marker, PSA-NCAM using immunostaining, Western blotting and RT-PCR. Together these data suggest that IF-DR regimen negatively influences reproduction in young animals due to its adverse effects on complete hypothalamus-hypophysial-gonadal axis and may explain underlying mechanism(s) to understand the clinical basis of nutritional infertility.
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