1
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Abuter R, Allouche F, Amorim A, Bailet C, Berdeu A, Berger JP, Berio P, Bigioli A, Boebion O, Bolzer ML, Bonnet H, Bourdarot G, Bourget P, Brandner W, Cao Y, Conzelmann R, Comin M, Clénet Y, Courtney-Barrer B, Davies R, Defrère D, Delboulbé A, Delplancke-Ströbele F, Dembet R, Dexter J, de Zeeuw PT, Drescher A, Eckart A, Édouard C, Eisenhauer F, Fabricius M, Feuchtgruber H, Finger G, Förster Schreiber NM, Garcia P, Garcia Lopez R, Gao F, Gendron E, Genzel R, Gil JP, Gillessen S, Gomes T, Gonté F, Gouvret C, Guajardo P, Guieu S, Hackenberg W, Haddad N, Hartl M, Haubois X, Haußmann F, Heißel G, Henning T, Hippler S, Hönig SF, Horrobin M, Hubin N, Jacqmart E, Jocou L, Kaufer A, Kervella P, Kolb J, Korhonen H, Lacour S, Lagarde S, Lai O, Lapeyrère V, Laugier R, Le Bouquin JB, Leftley J, Léna P, Lewis S, Liu D, Lopez B, Lutz D, Magnard Y, Mang F, Marcotto A, Maurel D, Mérand A, Millour F, More N, Netzer H, Nowacki H, Nowak M, Oberti S, Ott T, Pallanca L, Paumard T, Perraut K, Perrin G, Petrov R, Pfuhl O, Pourré N, Rabien S, Rau C, Riquelme M, Robbe-Dubois S, Rochat S, Salman M, Sanchez-Bermudez J, Santos DJD, Scheithauer S, Schöller M, Schubert J, Schuhler N, Shangguan J, Shchekaturov P, Shimizu TT, Sevin A, Soulez F, Spang A, Stadler E, Sternberg A, Straubmeier C, Sturm E, Sykes C, Tacconi LJ, Tristram KRW, Vincent F, von Fellenberg S, Uysal S, Widmann F, Wieprecht E, Wiezorrek E, Woillez J, Zins G. A dynamical measure of the black hole mass in a quasar 11 billion years ago. Nature 2024; 627:281-285. [PMID: 38286342 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Tight relationships exist in the local Universe between the central stellar properties of galaxies and the mass of their supermassive black hole (SMBH)1-3. These suggest that galaxies and black holes co-evolve, with the main regulation mechanism being energetic feedback from accretion onto the black hole during its quasar phase4-6. A crucial question is how the relationship between black holes and galaxies evolves with time; a key epoch to examine this relationship is at the peaks of star formation and black hole growth 8-12 billion years ago (redshifts 1-3)7. Here we report a dynamical measurement of the mass of the black hole in a luminous quasar at a redshift of 2, with a look back in time of 11 billion years, by spatially resolving the broad-line region (BLR). We detect a 40-μas (0.31-pc) spatial offset between the red and blue photocentres of the Hα line that traces the velocity gradient of a rotating BLR. The flux and differential phase spectra are well reproduced by a thick, moderately inclined disk of gas clouds within the sphere of influence of a central black hole with a mass of 3.2 × 108 solar masses. Molecular gas data reveal a dynamical mass for the host galaxy of 6 × 1011 solar masses, which indicates an undermassive black hole accreting at a super-Eddington rate. This suggests a host galaxy that grew faster than the SMBH, indicating a delay between galaxy and black hole formation for some systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abuter
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - F Allouche
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - A Amorim
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- CENTRA - Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Bailet
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - A Berdeu
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - J-P Berger
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - P Berio
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - A Bigioli
- Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - O Boebion
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - M-L Bolzer
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
- Department of Physics, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574, Saint-Genis-Laval, France
| | - H Bonnet
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - G Bourdarot
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - P Bourget
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
| | - W Brandner
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Cao
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - R Conzelmann
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - M Comin
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - Y Clénet
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - B Courtney-Barrer
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
- Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - R Davies
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - D Defrère
- Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Delboulbé
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | | | - R Dembet
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - J Dexter
- Department of Astrophysical & Planetary Sciences, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - A Drescher
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - A Eckart
- Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Bonn, Germany
- 1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Édouard
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - F Eisenhauer
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - M Fabricius
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - H Feuchtgruber
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - G Finger
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | | | - P Garcia
- CENTRA - Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Garcia Lopez
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - F Gao
- Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Bonn, Germany
| | - E Gendron
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - R Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
- Departments of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J P Gil
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Gillessen
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - T Gomes
- CENTRA - Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Gonté
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - C Gouvret
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - P Guajardo
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Guieu
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - W Hackenberg
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - N Haddad
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Hartl
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - X Haubois
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Haußmann
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - G Heißel
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
- Advanced Concepts Team, European Space Agency, TEC-SF, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Th Henning
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Hippler
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S F Hönig
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Horrobin
- 1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Hubin
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - E Jacqmart
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - L Jocou
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - A Kaufer
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Kervella
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - J Kolb
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - H Korhonen
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Lacour
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - S Lagarde
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - O Lai
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - V Lapeyrère
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - R Laugier
- Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - J Leftley
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - P Léna
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - S Lewis
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - D Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - B Lopez
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - D Lutz
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - Y Magnard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - F Mang
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
- Department of Physics, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - A Marcotto
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - D Maurel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - A Mérand
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - F Millour
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - N More
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - H Netzer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - H Nowacki
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - M Nowak
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Oberti
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - T Ott
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - L Pallanca
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Paumard
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - K Perraut
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - G Perrin
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - R Petrov
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - O Pfuhl
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - N Pourré
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - S Rabien
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - C Rau
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - M Riquelme
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - S Robbe-Dubois
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - S Rochat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - M Salman
- Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Sanchez-Bermudez
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - D J D Santos
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - S Scheithauer
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schöller
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - J Schubert
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - N Schuhler
- European Southern Observatory, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Shangguan
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | | | - T T Shimizu
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany.
| | - A Sevin
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - F Soulez
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574, Saint-Genis-Laval, France
| | - A Spang
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - E Stadler
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - A Sternberg
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Straubmeier
- 1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - E Sturm
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - C Sykes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - L J Tacconi
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | | | - F Vincent
- LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | | | - S Uysal
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - F Widmann
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - E Wieprecht
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - E Wiezorrek
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - J Woillez
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
| | - G Zins
- European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
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Murphy KE, Wade SD, Sperringer JE, Mohan V, Duncan BW, Zhang EY, Pak Y, Lutz D, Schachner M, Maness PF. The L1 cell adhesion molecule constrains dendritic spine density in pyramidal neurons of the mouse cerebral cortex. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1111525. [PMID: 37007644 PMCID: PMC10062527 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel function for the L1 cell adhesion molecule, which binds the actin adaptor protein Ankyrin was identified in constraining dendritic spine density on pyramidal neurons in the mouse neocortex. In an L1-null mouse mutant increased spine density was observed on apical but not basal dendrites of pyramidal neurons in diverse cortical areas (prefrontal cortex layer 2/3, motor cortex layer 5, visual cortex layer 4. The Ankyrin binding motif (FIGQY) in the L1 cytoplasmic domain was critical for spine regulation, as demonstrated by increased spine density and altered spine morphology in the prefrontal cortex of a mouse knock-in mutant (L1YH) harboring a tyrosine (Y) to histidine (H) mutation in the FIGQY motif, which disrupted L1-Ankyrin association. This mutation is a known variant in the human L1 syndrome of intellectual disability. L1 was localized by immunofluorescence staining to spine heads and dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons. L1 coimmunoprecipitated with Ankyrin B (220 kDa isoform) from lysates of wild type but not L1YH forebrain. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of spine regulation and underscores the potential for this adhesion molecule to regulate cognitive and other L1-related functions that are abnormal in the L1 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Carolina Institute of Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sarah D. Wade
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Carolina Institute of Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Justin E. Sperringer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Carolina Institute of Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Vishwa Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Carolina Institute of Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Bryce W. Duncan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Carolina Institute of Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Erin Y. Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Carolina Institute of Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yubin Pak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Carolina Institute of Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - David Lutz
- Division of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University-Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscatawy, NJ, United States
| | - Patricia F. Maness
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Carolina Institute of Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Patricia F. Maness
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Abstract
It has widely been thought that in the process of nerve regeneration Schwann cells populate the injury site with myelinating, non–myelinating, phagocytic, repair, and mesenchyme–like phenotypes. It is now clear that the Schwann cells modify their shape and basal lamina as to accommodate re–growing axons, at the same time clear myelin debris generated upon injury, and regulate expression of extracellular matrix proteins at and around the lesion site. Such a remarkable plasticity may follow an intrinsic functional rhythm or a systemic circadian clock matching the demands of accurate timing and precision of signalling cascades in the regenerating nervous system. Schwann cells react to changes in the external circadian clock clues and to the Zeitgeber hormone melatonin by altering their plasticity. This raises the question of whether melatonin regulates Schwann cell activity during neurorepair and if circadian control and rhythmicity of Schwann cell functions are vital aspects of neuroregeneration. Here, we have focused on different schools of thought and emerging concepts of melatonin–mediated signalling in Schwann cells underlying peripheral nerve regeneration and discuss circadian rhythmicity as a possible component of neurorepair.
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Stoyanova II, Lutz D. Functional Diversity of Neuronal Cell Adhesion and Recognition Molecule L1CAM through Proteolytic Cleavage. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193085. [PMID: 36231047 PMCID: PMC9562852 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal cell adhesion and recognition molecule L1 does not only 'keep cells together' by way of homophilic and heterophilic interactions, but can also promote cell motility when cleaved into fragments by several proteases. It has largely been thought that such fragments are signs of degradation. Now, it is clear that proteolysis contributes to the pronounced functional diversity of L1, which we have reviewed in this work. L1 fragments generated at the plasma membrane are released into the extracellular space, whereas other membrane-bound fragments are internalised and enter the nucleus, thus conveying extracellular signals to the cell interior. Post-translational modifications on L1 determine the sequence of cleavage by proteases and the subcellular localisation of the generated fragments. Inside the neuronal cells, L1 fragments interact with various binding partners to facilitate morphogenic events, as well as regenerative processes. The stimulation of L1 proteolysis via injection of L1 peptides or proteases active on L1 or L1 mimetics is a promising tool for therapy of injured nervous systems. The collective findings gathered over the years not only shed light on the great functional diversity of L1 and its fragments, but also provide novel mechanistic insights into the adhesion molecule proteolysis that is active in the developing and diseased nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I. Stoyanova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Brain Ischemia Mechanisms, Research Institute, Medical University, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (I.I.S.); (D.L.)
| | - David Lutz
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum,
44801 Bochum, Germany
- Correspondence: (I.I.S.); (D.L.)
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Schwartz G, Lutz D, Bell M, Klug M. 39P Longitudinal increases in albumin-adjusted serum calcium predict ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Jakovcevski I, von Düring M, Lutz D, Vulović M, Hamad M, Reiss G, Förster E, Schachner M. Mice lacking perforin have improved regeneration of the injured femoral nerve. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1802-1808. [PMID: 35017441 PMCID: PMC8820721 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role that the immune system plays after injury of the peripheral nervous system is still not completely understood. Perforin, a natural killer cell- and T-lymphocyte-derived enzyme that mediates cytotoxicity, plays important roles in autoimmune diseases, infections and central nervous system trauma, such as spinal cord injury. To dissect the roles of this single component of the immune response to injury, we tested regeneration after femoral nerve injury in perforin-deficient (Pfp–/–) and wild-type control mice. Single frame motion analysis showed better motor recovery in Pfp–/– mice compared with control mice at 4 and 8 weeks after injury. Retrograde tracing of the motoneuron axons regrown into the motor nerve branch demonstrated more correctly projecting motoneurons in the spinal cord of Pfp–/– mice compared with wild-types. Myelination of regrown axons measured by g-ratio was more extensive in Pfp–/– than in wild-type mice in the motor branch of the femoral nerve. Pfp–/– mice displayed more cholinergic synaptic terminals around cell bodies of spinal motoneurons after injury than the injured wild-types. We histologically analyzed lymphocyte infiltration 10 days after surgery and found that in Pfp–/– mice the number of lymphocytes in the regenerating nerves was lower than in wild-types, suggesting a closed blood-nerve barrier in Pfp–/– mice. We conclude that perforin restricts motor recovery after femoral nerve injury owing to decreased survival of motoneurons and reduced myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Jakovcevski
- Institut für Anatomie und Klinische Morphologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Monika von Düring
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maja Vulović
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Mohammad Hamad
- Institut für Anatomie und Klinische Morphologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Gebhard Reiss
- Institut für Anatomie und Klinische Morphologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Eckart Förster
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Lutz D, von Düring M, Stoyanova II. Editorial: Morphogenic Cascades Underlying Regeneration and Plasticity After Nervous System Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:753777. [PMID: 34527679 PMCID: PMC8435707 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.753777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Lutz
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Monika von Düring
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Irina I Stoyanova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
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8
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Loers G, Appel D, Lutz D, Congiu L, Kleene R, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Schäfer MKE, Schachner M. Amelioration of the abnormal phenotype of a new L1 syndrome mouse mutation with L1 mimetics. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21329. [PMID: 33484186 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002163r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
L1 syndrome is a rare developmental disorder characterized by hydrocephalus of varying severity, intellectual deficits, spasticity of the legs, and adducted thumbs. Therapy is limited to symptomatic relief. Numerous gene mutations in the L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM, hereafter abbreviated L1) were identified in L1 syndrome patients, and those affecting the extracellular domain of this transmembrane type 1 glycoprotein show the most severe phenotypes. Previously analyzed rodent models of the L1 syndrome focused on L1-deficient animals or mouse mutants with abrogated cell surface expression of L1, making it difficult to test L1 function-triggering mimetic compounds with potential therapeutic value. To overcome this impasse, we generated a novel L1 syndrome mouse with a mutation of aspartic acid at position 201 in the extracellular part of L1 (p.D201N, hereafter termed L1-201) that displays a cell surface-exposed L1 accessible to the L1 mimetics. Behavioral assessment revealed an increased neurological deficit score and increased locomotor activity in male L1-201 mice carrying the mutation on the X-chromosome. Histological analyses of L1-201 mice showed features of the L1 syndrome, including enlarged ventricles and reduced size of the corpus callosum. Expression levels of L1-201 protein as well as extent of cell surface biotinylation and immunofluorescence labelling of cultured cerebellar neurons were normal. Importantly, treatment of these cultures with the L1 mimetic compounds duloxetine, crotamiton, and trimebutine rescued impaired cell migration and survival as well as neuritogenesis. Altogether, the novel L1 syndrome mouse model provides a first experimental proof-of-principle for the potential therapeutic value of L1 mimetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Appel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludovica Congiu
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irm Hermans-Borgmeyer
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Centre for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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9
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Abstract
The nervous system is highly vulnerable to different factors which may cause injury followed by an acute or chronic neurodegeneration. Injury involves a loss of extracellular matrix integrity, neuronal circuitry disintegration, and impairment of synaptic activity and plasticity. Application of pleiotropic molecules initiating extracellular matrix reorganization and stimulating neuronal plasticity could prevent propagation of the degeneration into the tissue surrounding the injury. To find an omnipotent therapeutic molecule, however, seems to be a fairly ambitious task, given the complex demands of the regenerating nervous system that need to be fulfilled. Among the vast number of candidates examined so far, the neuropeptide and hormone ghrelin holds within a very promising therapeutic potential with its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, to balance metabolic processes, and to stimulate neurorepair and neuroactivity. Compared with its well-established systemic effects in treatment of metabolism-related disorders, the therapeutic potential of ghrelin on neuroregeneration upon injury has received lesser appreciation though. Here, we discuss emerging concepts of ghrelin as an omnipotent player unleashing developmentally related molecular cues and morphogenic cascades, which could attenuate and/or counteract acute and chronic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Stoyanova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - David Lutz
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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10
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Hamad MIK, Jbara A, Rabaya O, Petrova P, Daoud S, Melliti N, Meseke M, Lutz D, Petrasch-Parwez E, Schwitalla JC, Mark MD, Herlitze S, Reiss G, Herz J, Förster E. Reelin signaling modulates GABA B receptor function in the neocortex. J Neurochem 2021; 156:589-603. [PMID: 32083308 PMCID: PMC7442713 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reelin is a protein that is best known for its role in controlling neuronal layer formation in the developing cortex. Here, we studied its role for post-natal cortical network function, which is poorly explored. To preclude early cortical migration defects caused by Reelin deficiency, we used a conditional Reelin knock-out (RelncKO ) mouse, and induced Reelin deficiency post-natally. Induced Reelin deficiency caused hyperexcitability of the neocortical network in vitro and ex vivo. Blocking Reelin binding to its receptors ApoER2 and VLDLR resulted in a similar effect. Hyperexcitability in RelncKO organotypic slice cultures could be rescued by co-culture with wild-type organotypic slice cultures. Moreover, the GABAB receptor (GABAB R) agonist baclofen failed to activate and the antagonist CGP35348 failed to block GABAB Rs in RelncKO mice. Immunolabeling of RelncKO cortical slices revealed a reduction in GABAB R1 and GABAB R2 surface expression at the plasma membrane and western blot of RelncKO cortical tissue revealed decreased phosphorylation of the GABAB R2 subunit at serine 892 and increased phosphorylation at serine 783, reflecting receptor deactivation and proteolysis. These data show a role of Reelin in controlling early network activity, by modulating GABAB R function. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15054.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad I K Hamad
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Herdecke University, Witten, Witten
| | - Abdalrahim Jbara
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
| | - Obada Rabaya
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
| | - Petya Petrova
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
| | - Solieman Daoud
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nesrine Melliti
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maurice Meseke
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Petrasch-Parwez
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Melanie D Mark
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gebhard Reiss
- Institute for Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Herdecke University, Witten, Witten
| | - Joachim Herz
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Neuroscience, Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eckart Förster
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Bochum, Germany
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11
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Kleene R, Lutz D, Loers G, Bork U, Borgmeyer U, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Schachner M. Revisiting the proteolytic processing of cell adhesion molecule L1. J Neurochem 2020; 157:1102-1117. [PMID: 32986867 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The important functions of cell adhesion molecule L1 in the nervous system depend on diverse proteolytic enzymes which generate different L1 fragments. It has been reported that cleavage in the third fibronectin type III (FNIII) homologous domain generates the fragments L1-80 and L1-140, while cleavage in the first FNIII domain yields the fragments L1-70 and L1-135. These results raised questions concerning the L1 cleavage sites. We thus generated gene-edited mice expressing L1 with mutations of the cleavage sites either in the first or third FNIII domain. By immunoprecipitations and immunoblot analyses using brain homogenates and different L1 antibodies, we show that L1-70 and L1-135 are generated in wild-type mice, but not or only to a low extent in L1 mutant mice. L1-80 and L1-140 were not detected in wild-type or mutant mice. Mass spectrometry confirmed the results from immunoprecipitations and immunoblot analyses. Based on these observations, we propose that L1-70 and L1-135 are the predominant fragments in the mouse nervous system and that the third FNIII domain is decisive for generating these fragments. Treatment of cultured cerebellar neurons with trypsin or plasmin, which were both proposed to generate L1-80 and L1-140 by cleaving in the third FNIII domain, showed by immunoprecipitations and immunoblot analyses that both proteases lead to the generation of L1-70 and L1-135, but not L1-80 and L1-140. We discuss previous observations on the basis of our new results and propose a novel view on the molecular features that render previous and present observations compatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Kleene
- Research Group Biosynthesis of Neural Structures, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department for Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Research Group Biosynthesis of Neural Structures, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ute Bork
- Research Group Biosynthesis of Neural Structures, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Borgmeyer
- Scientific Service Group for Transgenic Animals, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irm Hermans-Borgmeyer
- Scientific Service Group for Transgenic Animals, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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12
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Lee SH, Lutz D, Drexler D, Frotscher M, Shen J. Differential modulation of short-term plasticity at hippocampal mossy fiber and Schaffer collateral synapses by mitochondrial Ca2. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240610. [PMID: 33049001 PMCID: PMC7553293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic mitochondrial Ca2+ plays a critical role in the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity. The presynaptic bouton of the hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) is much larger in size than that of the Schaffer collateral (SC) synapse. Here we compare the structural and physiological characteristics of MF and SC presynaptic boutons to reveal functional and mechanistic differences between these two synapses. Our quantitative ultrastructural analysis using electron microscopy show many more mitochondria in MF presynaptic bouton cross-section profiles compared to SC boutons. Consistent with these results, post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), a form of presynaptic short-term plasticity dependent on mitochondrial Ca2+, is reduced by inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ release at MF synapses but not at SC synapses. However, blockade of mitochondrial Ca2+ release results in reduction of PTP at SC synapses by disynaptic MF stimulation. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ release selectively decreases frequency facilitation evoked by short trains of presynaptic stimulation at MF synapses, while having no effect at SC synapses. Moreover, depletion of ER Ca2+ stores leads to reduction of PTP at MF synapses, but PTP is unaffected by ER Ca2+ depletion at SC synapses. These findings show that MF and SC synapses differ in presynaptic mitochondrial content as well as mitochondrial Ca2+ dependent synaptic plasticity, highlighting differential regulatory mechanisms of presynaptic plasticity at MF and SC synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Lutz
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Drexler
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Frotscher
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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13
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Girbes Minguez M, Wolters-Eisfeld G, Lutz D, Buck F, Schachner M, Kleene R. The cell adhesion molecule L1 interacts with nuclear proteins via its intracellular domain. FASEB J 2020; 34:9869-9883. [PMID: 32533745 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902242r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteolytic cleavage of the cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1) in brain tissue and in cultured cerebellar neurons results in the generation and nuclear import of a 30 kDa fragment comprising most of L1's C-terminal, intracellular domain. In search of molecules that interact with this domain, we performed affinity chromatography with the recombinant intracellular L1 domain and a nuclear extract from mouse brains, and identified potential nuclear L1 binding partners involved in transcriptional regulation, RNA processing and transport, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. By co-immunoprecipitation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant proteins, we verified the direct interaction between L1 and the nuclear binding partners non-POU domain containing octamer-binding protein and splicing factor proline/glutamine-rich. The proximity ligation assay confirmed this close interaction in cultures of cerebellar granule cells. Our findings suggest that L1 fragments regulate multiple nuclear functions in the nervous system. We discuss possible physiological and pathological roles of these interactions in regulation of chromatin structure, gene expression, RNA processing, and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Girbes Minguez
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Wolters-Eisfeld
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Buck
- Zentrum für Diagnostik, Institut für Klinische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Lutz D, Ramsey A, Conn K, Mustafa SS. A 5-year retrospective review of outpatient graded drug challenges. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 2020; 8:407-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Lutz D, von Düring M, Corvace F, Augustinowski L, Trampe AK, Nowak M, Förster E. Assessment of Ultrastructural Neuroplasticity Parameters After In Utero Transduction of the Developing Mouse Brain and Spinal Cord. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30882781 DOI: 10.3791/59084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study combines in utero transduction with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) aiming at a precise morphometrical analysis of ultrastructural parameters in unambiguously identified topographical structures, affected by a protein of interest that is introduced into the organism via viral transfer. This combined approach allows for a smooth transition from macrostructural to ultrastructural identification by following topographical navigation maps in a tissue atlas. High-resolution electron microscopy of the in-utero-transduced tissue reveals the fine ultrastructure of the neuropil and its plasticity parameters, such as cross-sectioned synaptic bouton areas, the number of synaptic vesicles and mitochondria within a bouton profile, the length of synaptic contacts, cross-sectioned axonal areas, the thickness of myelin sheaths, the number of myelin lamellae, and cross-sectioned areas of mitochondria profiles. The analysis of these parameters reveals essential insights into changes of ultrastructural plasticity in the areas of the nervous system that are affected by the viral transfer of the genetic construct. This combined method can not only be used for studying the direct effect of genetically engineered biomolecules and/or drugs on neuronal plasticity but also opens the possibility to study the in utero rescue of neuronal plasticity (e.g., in the context of neurodegenerative diseases).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lutz
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum;
| | - Monika von Düring
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum
| | - Franco Corvace
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum
| | - Luzie Augustinowski
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum
| | - Anne-Kathrin Trampe
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum
| | - Marzena Nowak
- Central Animal Facility of the Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum
| | - Eckart Förster
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum
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16
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Kraus K, Kleene R, Henis M, Braren I, Kataria H, Sharaf A, Loers G, Schachner M, Lutz D. A Fragment of Adhesion Molecule L1 Binds to Nuclear Receptors to Regulate Synaptic Plasticity and Motor Coordination. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7164-7178. [PMID: 29383692 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteolytic cleavage of the neuronal isoform of the murine cell adhesion molecule L1, triggered by stimulation of the cognate L1-dependent signaling pathways, results in the generation and nuclear import of an L1 fragment that contains the intracellular domain, the transmembrane domain, and part of the extracellular domain. Here, we show that the LXXLL and FXXLF motifs in the extracellular and transmembrane domain of this L1 fragment mediate the interaction with the nuclear estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and retinoid X receptor β (RXRβ). Mutations of the LXXLL motif in the transmembrane domain and of the FXXLF motif in the extracellular domain disturb the interaction of the L1 fragment with these nuclear receptors and, when introduced by viral transduction into mouse embryos in utero, result in impaired motor coordination, learning and memory, as well as synaptic connectivity in the cerebellum, in adulthood. These impairments are similar to those observed in the L1-deficient mouse. Our findings suggest that the interplay of nuclear L1 and distinct nuclear receptors is associated with synaptic contact formation and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kraus
- Arbeitsgruppe für Biosynthese Neuraler Strukturen, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Arbeitsgruppe für Biosynthese Neuraler Strukturen, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melad Henis
- Institut für Strukturelle Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Ingke Braren
- Vector Core Unit, Institut für Experimentelle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hardeep Kataria
- Arbeitsgruppe für Biosynthese Neuraler Strukturen, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Sharaf
- Institut für Strukturelle Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Arbeitsgruppe für Biosynthese Neuraler Strukturen, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
| | - David Lutz
- Arbeitsgruppe für Biosynthese Neuraler Strukturen, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institut für Strukturelle Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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17
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Shehabeldin R, Lutz D, Karsak M, Frotscher M, Krieglstein K, Sharaf A. Reelin controls the positioning of brainstem serotonergic raphe neurons. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200268. [PMID: 30001399 PMCID: PMC6042745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) acts as both a morphogenetic factor during early embryonic development and a neuromodulator of circuit plasticity in the mature brain. Dysregulation of serotonin signaling during critical periods is involved in developmental neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism. In this study we focused on the consequences of defect reelin signaling for the development of the brainstem serotonergic raphe system. We observed that reelin signaling components are expressed by serotonergic neurons during the critical period of their lateral migration. Further, we found that reelin signaling is important for the normal migration of rostral, but not caudal hindbrain raphe nuclei and that reelin deficiency results in the malformation of the paramedian raphe nucleus and the lateral wings of the dorsal raphe nuclei. Additionally, we showed that serotonergic neurons projections to laminated brain structures were severely altered. With this study, we propose that the perturbation of canonical reelin signaling interferes with the orientation of tangentially, but not radially, migrating brainstem 5-HT neurons. Our results open the window for further studies on the interaction of reelin and serotonin and the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Shehabeldin
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meliha Karsak
- Research Group Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Frotscher
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krieglstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Sharaf
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Research Group Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- * E-mail:
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18
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Kraus K, Kleene R, Braren I, Loers G, Lutz D, Schachner M. A fragment of adhesion molecule L1 is imported into mitochondria, and regulates mitochondrial metabolism and trafficking. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.210500. [PMID: 29632241 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.210500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell adhesion molecule L1 (also known as L1CAM) plays important roles in the mammalian nervous system under physiological and pathological conditions. We have previously reported that proteolytic cleavage of L1 by myelin basic protein leads to the generation of a 70 kDa transmembrane L1 fragment (L1-70) that promotes neuronal migration and neuritogenesis. Here, we provide evidence that L1-70 is imported from the cytoplasm into mitochondria. Genetic ablation of L1, inhibition of mitochondrial import of L1-70 or prevention of myelin basic protein-mediated generation of L1-70 all lead to reduced mitochondrial complex I activity, and impaired mitochondrial membrane potential, fusion, fission and motility, as well as increased retrograde transport. We identified NADH dehydrogenase ubiquinone flavoprotein 2 as a binding partner for L1, suggesting that L1-70 interacts with this complex I subunit to regulate complex I activity. The results of our study provide insights into novel functions of L1 in mitochondrial metabolism and cellular dynamics. These functions are likely to ameliorate the consequences of acute nervous system injuries and chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kraus
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingke Braren
- Vector Core Unit, Institut für Experimentelle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Institut für Strukturelle Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
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Lutz D, Sharaf A, Drexler D, Kataria H, Wolters-Eisfeld G, Brunne B, Kleene R, Loers G, Frotscher M, Schachner M. Proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane cell adhesion molecule L1 by extracellular matrix molecule Reelin is important for mouse brain development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15268. [PMID: 29127326 PMCID: PMC5681625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell adhesion molecule L1 and the extracellular matrix protein Reelin play crucial roles in the developing nervous system. Reelin is known to activate signalling cascades regulating neuronal migration by binding to lipoprotein receptors. However, the interaction of Reelin with adhesion molecules, such as L1, has remained poorly explored. Here, we report that full-length Reelin and its N-terminal fragments N-R2 and N-R6 bind to L1 and that full-length Reelin and its N-terminal fragment N-R6 proteolytically cleave L1 to generate an L1 fragment with a molecular mass of 80 kDa (L1-80). Expression of N-R6 and generation of L1-80 coincide in time at early developmental stages of the cerebral cortex. Reelin-mediated generation of L1-80 is involved in neurite outgrowth and in stimulation of migration of cultured cortical and cerebellar neurons. Morphological abnormalities in layer formation of the cerebral cortex of L1-deficient mice partially overlap with those of Reelin-deficient reeler mice. In utero electroporation of L1-80 into reeler embryos normalised the migration of cortical neurons in reeler embryos. The combined results indicate that the direct interaction between L1 and Reelin as well as the Reelin-mediated generation of L1-80 contribute to brain development at early developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lutz
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,Institute for Biosynthesis of Neural Structures, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ahmed Sharaf
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Drexler
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hardeep Kataria
- Institute for Biosynthesis of Neural Structures, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Wolters-Eisfeld
- Institute for Biosynthesis of Neural Structures, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bianka Brunne
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Institute for Biosynthesis of Neural Structures, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Institute for Biosynthesis of Neural Structures, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Frotscher
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. .,Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guandong, 515041, China.
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Gowert NS, Krüger I, Klier M, Donner L, Kipkeew F, Gliem M, Bradshaw NJ, Lutz D, Köber S, Langer H, Jander S, Jurk K, Frotscher M, Korth C, Bock HH, Elvers M. Loss of Reelin protects mice against arterial thrombosis by impairing integrin activation and thrombus formation under high shear conditions. Cell Signal 2017; 40:210-221. [PMID: 28943410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reelin is a secreted glycoprotein and essential for brain development and plasticity. Recent studies provide evidence that Reelin modifies platelet actin cytoskeletal dynamics. In this study we sought to dissect the contribution of Reelin in arterial thrombus formation. Here we analyzed the impact of Reelin in arterial thrombosis ex vivo and in vivo using Reelin deficient (reeler) and wildtype mice. We found that Reelin is secreted upon platelet activation and mediates signaling via glycoprotein (GP)Ib, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) to induce activation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), SYK and Phospholipase Cγ2. Moreover, our data identifies Reelin as first physiological ligand for platelet APP. Platelets from reeler mice displayed attenuated platelet adhesion and significantly reduced thrombus formation under high shear conditions indicating an important role for Reelin in GPIb-dependent integrin αIIbβ3 activation. Accordingly, adhesion to immobilized vWF as well as integrin activation and the phosphorylation of Erk and Akt after GPIb engagement was reduced in Reelin deficient platelets. Defective Reelin signaling translated into protection from arterial thrombosis and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury beside normal hemostasis. Furthermore, treatment with an antagonistic antibody specific for Reelin protects wildtype mice from occlusive thrombus formation. Mechanistically, GPIb co-localizes to the major Reelin receptor APP in platelets suggesting that Reelin-induced effects on GPIb signaling are mediated by APP-GPIb interaction. These results indicate that Reelin is an important regulator of GPIb-mediated platelet activation and may represent a new therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sarah Gowert
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irena Krüger
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Meike Klier
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lili Donner
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Friederike Kipkeew
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology Department, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Gliem
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Bradshaw
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Köber
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Harald Langer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jander
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Frotscher
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans H Bock
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology Department, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Westphal N, Loers G, Lutz D, Theis T, Kleene R, Schachner M. Generation and intracellular trafficking of a polysialic acid-carrying fragment of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM to the cell nucleus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8622. [PMID: 28819302 PMCID: PMC5561184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (PSA) and its major protein carrier, the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM, play important roles in many nervous system functions during development and in adulthood. Here, we show that a PSA-carrying NCAM fragment is generated at the plasma membrane by matrix metalloproteases and transferred to the cell nucleus via endosomes and the cytoplasm. Generation and nuclear import of this fragment in cultured cerebellar neurons is induced by a function-triggering NCAM antibody and a peptide comprising the effector domain (ED) of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) which interacts with PSA within the plane of the plasma membrane. These treatments lead to activation of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor, phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), and subsequently to phosphorylation of MARCKS. Moreover, the NCAM antibody triggers calmodulin-dependent activation of nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide (NO) production, NO-dependent S-nitrosylation of matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) as well as activation of matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2) and MMP9, whereas the ED peptide activates phospholipase D (PLD) and MMP2, but not MMP9. These results indicate that the nuclear PSA-carrying NCAM fragment is generated by distinct and functionally defined signal transducing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Westphal
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Strukturelle Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Lee SH, Lutz D, Mossalam M, Bolshakov VY, Frotscher M, Shen J. Presenilins regulate synaptic plasticity and mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in the hippocampal mossy fiber pathway. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:48. [PMID: 28619096 PMCID: PMC5472971 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Presenilins play a major role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, in which the hippocampus is particularly vulnerable. Previous studies of Presenilin function in the synapse, however, focused exclusively on the hippocampal Schaffer collateral (SC) pathway. Whether Presenilins play similar or distinct roles in other hippocampal synapses is unknown. Methods To investigate the role of Presenilins at mossy fiber (MF) synapses we performed field and whole-cell electrophysiological recordings and Ca2+ imaging using acute hippocampal slices of postnatal forebrain-restricted Presenilin conditional double knockout (PS cDKO) and control mice at 2 months of age. We also performed quantitative electron microscopy (EM) analysis to determine whether mitochondrial content is affected at presynaptic MF boutons of PS cDKO mice. We further conducted behavioral analysis to assess spatial learning and memory of PS cDKO and control mice at 2 months in the Morris water maze. Results We found that long-term potentiation and short-term plasticity, such as paired-pulse and frequency facilitation, are impaired at MF synapses of PS cDKO mice. Moreover, post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), another form of short-term plasticity, is also impaired at MF synapses of PS cDKO mice. Furthermore, blockade of mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux mimics and occludes the PTP deficits at MF synapses of PS cDKO mice, suggesting that mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis is impaired in the absence of PS. Quantitative EM analysis showed normal number and area of mitochondria at presynaptic MF boutons of PS cDKO mice, indicating unchanged mitochondrial content. Ca2+ imaging of dentate gyrus granule neurons further revealed that cytosolic Ca2+ increases induced by tetanic stimulation are reduced in PS cDKO granule neurons in acute hippocampal slices, and that inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ release during high frequency stimulation mimics and occludes the Ca2+ defects observed in PS cDKO neurons. Consistent with synaptic plasticity impairment observed at MF and SC synapses in acute PS cDKO hippocampal slices, PS cDKO mice exhibit profound spatial learning and memory deficits in the Morris water maze. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the importance of PS in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in the hippocampal MF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - David Lutz
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohanad Mossalam
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vadim Y Bolshakov
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael Frotscher
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Scharkowski F, Frotscher M, Lutz D, Korte M, Michaelsen-Preusse K. Altered Connectivity and Synapse Maturation of the Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Pathway in a Mouse Model of the Fragile X Syndrome. Cereb Cortex 2017; 28:852-867. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Scharkowski
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Frotscher
- ZMNH, Institute for Structural Neurobiology, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- ZMNH, Institute for Structural Neurobiology, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, AG NIND, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Kataria H, Lutz D, Chaudhary H, Schachner M, Loers G. Small Molecule Agonists of Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 Mimic L1 Functions In Vivo. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:4461-83. [PMID: 26253722 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lack of permissive mechanisms and abundance of inhibitory molecules in the lesioned central nervous system of adult mammals contribute to the failure of functional recovery after injury, leading to severe disabilities in motor functions and pain. Peripheral nerve injury impairs motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, particularly in cases where nerve gaps are large and chronic nerve injury ensues. Previous studies have indicated that the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 constitutes a viable target to promote regeneration after acute injury. We screened libraries of known drugs for small molecule agonists of L1 and evaluated the effect of hit compounds in cell-based assays in vitro and in mice after femoral nerve and spinal cord injuries in vivo. We identified eight small molecule L1 agonists and showed in cell-based assays that they stimulate neuronal survival, neuronal migration, and neurite outgrowth and enhance Schwann cell proliferation and migration and myelination of neurons in an L1-dependent manner. In a femoral nerve injury mouse model, enhanced functional regeneration and remyelination after application of the L1 agonists were observed. In a spinal cord injury mouse model, L1 agonists improved recovery of motor functions, being paralleled by enhanced remyelination, neuronal survival, and monoaminergic innervation, reduced astrogliosis, and activation of microglia. Together, these findings suggest that application of small organic compounds that bind to L1 and stimulate the beneficial homophilic L1 functions may prove to be a valuable addition to treatments of nervous system injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Kataria
- Institut für Biosynthese Neuraler Strukturen, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum-Hamburg Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Institut für Biosynthese Neuraler Strukturen, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum-Hamburg Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harshita Chaudhary
- Institut für Biosynthese Neuraler Strukturen, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum-Hamburg Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Institut für Biosynthese Neuraler Strukturen, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum-Hamburg Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
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Lutz D, Kataria H, Kleene R, Loers G, Chaudhary H, Guseva D, Wu B, Jakovcevski I, Schachner M. Myelin Basic Protein Cleaves Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 and Improves Regeneration After Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:3360-3376. [PMID: 26081148 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a serine protease that cleaves neural cell adhesion molecule L1 and generates a transmembrane L1 fragment which facilitates L1-dependent functions in vitro, such as neurite outgrowth, neuronal cell migration and survival, myelination by Schwann cells as well as Schwann cell proliferation, migration, and process formation. Ablation and blocking of MBP or disruption of its proteolytic activity by mutation of a proteolytically active serine residue abolish L1-dependent cellular responses. In utero injection of adeno-associated virus encoding proteolytically active MBP into MBP-deficient shiverer mice normalizes differentiation, myelination, and synaptogenesis in the developing postnatal spinal cord, in contrast to proteolytically inactive MBP. Application of active MBP to the injured wild-type spinal cord and femoral nerve augments levels of a transmembrane L1 fragment, promotes remyelination, and improves functional recovery after injury. Application of MBP antibody impairs recovery. Virus-mediated expression of active MBP in the lesion site after spinal cord injury results in improved functional recovery, whereas injection of virus encoding proteolytically inactive MBP fails to do so. The present study provides evidence for a novel L1-mediated function of MBP in the developing spinal cord and in the injured adult mammalian nervous system that leads to enhanced recovery after acute trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lutz
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hardeep Kataria
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harshita Chaudhary
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daria Guseva
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bin Wu
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Igor Jakovcevski
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Melitta Schachner, Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Westphal N, Kleene R, Lutz D, Theis T, Schachner M. Polysialic acid enters the cell nucleus attached to a fragment of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM to regulate the circadian rhythm in mouse brain. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 74:114-27. [PMID: 27236020 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian nervous system, the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM is the major carrier of the glycan polymer polysialic acid (PSA) which confers important functions to NCAM's protein backbone. PSA attached to NCAM contributes not only to cell migration, neuritogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and behavior, but also to regulation of the circadian rhythm by yet unknown molecular mechanisms. Here, we show that a PSA-carrying transmembrane NCAM fragment enters the nucleus after stimulation of cultured neurons with surrogate NCAM ligands, a phenomenon that depends on the circadian rhythm. Enhanced nuclear import of the PSA-carrying NCAM fragment is associated with altered expression of clock-related genes, as shown by analysis of cultured neuronal cells deprived of PSA by specific enzymatic removal. In vivo, levels of nuclear PSA in different mouse brain regions depend on the circadian rhythm and clock-related gene expression in suprachiasmatic nucleus and cerebellum is affected by the presence of PSA-carrying NCAM in the cell nucleus. Our conceptually novel observations reveal that PSA attached to a transmembrane proteolytic NCAM fragment containing part of the extracellular domain enters the cell nucleus, where PSA-carrying NCAM contributes to the regulation of clock-related gene expression and of the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Westphal
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Institut für Strukturelle Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China.
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Saini V, Lutz D, Kataria H, Kaur G, Schachner M, Loers G. The polysialic acid mimetics 5-nonyloxytryptamine and vinorelbine facilitate nervous system repair. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26927. [PMID: 27324620 PMCID: PMC4914991 DOI: 10.1038/srep26927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (PSA) is a large negatively charged glycan mainly attached to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). Several studies have shown that it is important for correct formation of brain circuitries during development and for synaptic plasticity, learning and memory in the adult. PSA also plays a major role in nervous system regeneration following injury. As a next step for clinical translation of PSA based therapeutics, we have previously identified the small organic compounds 5-nonyloxytryptamine and vinorelbine as PSA mimetics. Activity of 5-nonyloxytryptamine and vinorelbine had been confirmed in assays with neural cells from the central and peripheral nervous system in vitro and shown to be independent of their function as serotonin receptor 5-HT1B/1D agonist or cytostatic drug, respectively. As we show here in an in vivo paradigm for spinal cord injury in mice, 5-nonyloxytryptamine and vinorelbine enhance regain of motor functions, axonal regrowth, motor neuron survival and remyelination. These data indicate that 5-nonyloxytryptamine and vinorelbine may be re-tasked from their current usage as a 5-HT1B/1D agonist or cytostatic drug to act as mimetics for PSA to stimulate regeneration after injury in the mammalian nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedangana Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, GT Road, 143005 Amritsar, India
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hardeep Kataria
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, GT Road, 143005 Amritsar, India
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neurosciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Miksa S, Lutz D, Guy C, Delamour E. Sunscreen sun protection factor claim based onin vivointerlaboratory variability. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 38:541-549. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Miksa
- HelioScreen; 44 rue Léon Blum 60100 Creil France
| | - D. Lutz
- HelioScreen; 44 rue Léon Blum 60100 Creil France
| | - C. Guy
- HelioScreen; 44 rue Léon Blum 60100 Creil France
| | - E. Delamour
- HelioScreen; 44 rue Léon Blum 60100 Creil France
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Miksa S, Lutz D, Guy C, Delamour E. New approach for a reliable in vitro sun protection factor method - Part II: Practical aspects and implementations. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 38:504-11. [PMID: 27060786 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous paper (Part I: Principle and mathematical aspects) presented a new reliable in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) method and demonstrated it to be reproducible and correlated with the in vivo method. Nevertheless, the relevance of an international method should to be adaptable to all products on the market and demonstrated with a blind test. Thus, the aim of this second article was to focus on the practical aspects and implementation (Part II) of a large population of different commercially available sunscreen formulations to obtain similar in vivo SPF results for the purpose of labelling. METHODS The method uses the spectroradiometric measurement of residual ultraviolet (UV) through the sample that was applied on a substrate with a robotic appliance. The method has been demonstrated to be highly reliable, and it is based on a multisubstrate solution with a single UV pre-irradiation dose. Furthermore, different categories of the product were studied to identify a reliable and universal in vitro SPF method. RESULTS Based on different sunscreens products classified into 5 different groups (emulsion, oil, alcohol, stick and powder), it was demonstrated that our method has good reproducibility and accuracy compared with the clinical SPF method. Indeed, the mean coefficient of variation (CV%) was approximately 7%, and the coefficient of correlation reached approximately 0.8-1.0 for different types of tested products. CONCLUSION Our second paper concludes that the new in vitro SPF method (based on 113 sunscreen products from the Parts I and II) is clearly adaptable for the SPF labelling purpose on any product type because it is non-invasive, less expensive, more practical and more reliable if performed under strict conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Miksa
- HelioScreen, 44 rue Léon Blum, 60100, Creil, France.
| | - D Lutz
- HelioScreen, 44 rue Léon Blum, 60100, Creil, France
| | - C Guy
- HelioScreen, 44 rue Léon Blum, 60100, Creil, France
| | - E Delamour
- HelioScreen, 44 rue Léon Blum, 60100, Creil, France
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Miksa S, Lutz D, Guy C. New approach for a reliablein vitrosun protection factor method Part I: Principle and mathematical aspects. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 37:555-66. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Miksa
- HelioScreen Cosmetic Science; 44 Rue Leon Blum Creil 60100 France
| | - D. Lutz
- HelioScreen Cosmetic Science; 44 Rue Leon Blum Creil 60100 France
| | - C. Guy
- HelioScreen Cosmetic Science; 44 Rue Leon Blum Creil 60100 France
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Genzel R, Tacconi LJ, Lutz D, Saintonge A, Berta S, Magnelli B, Combes F, García-Burillo S, Neri R, Bolatto A, Contini T, Lilly S, Boissier J, Boone F, Bouché N, Bournaud F, Burkert A, Carollo M, Colina L, Cooper MC, Cox P, Feruglio C, Förster Schreiber NM, Freundlich J, Gracia-Carpio J, Juneau S, Kovac K, Lippa M, Naab T, Salome P, Renzini A, Sternberg A, Walter F, Weiner B, Weiss A, Wuyts S. COMBINED CO AND DUST SCALING RELATIONS OF DEPLETION TIME AND MOLECULAR GAS FRACTIONS WITH COSMIC TIME, SPECIFIC STAR-FORMATION RATE, AND STELLAR MASS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/800/1/20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Wisnioski E, Förster Schreiber NM, Wuyts S, Wuyts E, Bandara K, Wilman D, Genzel R, Bender R, Davies R, Fossati M, Lang P, Mendel JT, Beifiori A, Brammer G, Chan J, Fabricius M, Fudamoto Y, Kulkarni S, Kurk J, Lutz D, Nelson EJ, Momcheva I, Rosario D, Saglia R, Seitz S, Tacconi LJ, van Dokkum PG. THE KMOS3DSURVEY: DESIGN, FIRST RESULTS, AND THE EVOLUTION OF GALAXY KINEMATICS FROM 0.7 ⩽z⩽ 2.7. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/799/2/209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Genzel R, Förster Schreiber NM, Rosario D, Lang P, Lutz D, Wisnioski E, Wuyts E, Wuyts S, Bandara K, Bender R, Berta S, Kurk J, Mendel JT, Tacconi LJ, Wilman D, Beifiori A, Brammer G, Burkert A, Buschkamp P, Chan J, Carollo CM, Davies R, Eisenhauer F, Fabricius M, Fossati M, Kriek M, Kulkarni S, Lilly SJ, Mancini C, Momcheva I, Naab T, Nelson EJ, Renzini A, Saglia R, Sharples RM, Sternberg A, Tacchella S, van Dokkum P. EVIDENCE FOR WIDE-SPREAD ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS-DRIVEN OUTFLOWS IN THE MOST MASSIVEz∼ 1-2 STAR-FORMING GALAXIES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/796/1/7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lutz D, Gazdhar A, Lopez-Rodriguez E, Mahavadi P, Günther A, Klepetko W, Bates JH, Smith B, Geiser T, Ochs M, Knudsen L. Alveolar derecruitment and collapse induration as crucial mechanisms in lung injury and fibrosis. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1376809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lutz D, Loers G, Kleene R, Oezen I, Kataria H, Katagihallimath N, Braren I, Harauz G, Schachner M. Myelin basic protein cleaves cell adhesion molecule L1 and promotes neuritogenesis and cell survival. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:13503-18. [PMID: 24671420 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.530238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell adhesion molecule L1 is a Lewis(x)-carrying glycoprotein that plays important roles in the developing and adult nervous system. Here we show that myelin basic protein (MBP) binds to L1 in a Lewis(x)-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MBP is released by murine cerebellar neurons as a sumoylated dynamin-containing protein upon L1 stimulation and that this MBP cleaves L1 as a serine protease in the L1 extracellular domain at Arg(687) yielding a transmembrane fragment that promotes neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival in cell culture. L1-induced neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival are reduced in MBP-deficient cerebellar neurons and in wild-type cerebellar neurons in the presence of an MBP antibody or L1 peptide containing the MBP cleavage site. Genetic ablation of MBP in shiverer mice and mutagenesis of the proteolytically active site in MBP or of the MBP cleavage site within L1 as well as serine protease inhibitors and an L1 peptide containing the MBP cleavage site abolish generation of the L1 fragment. Our findings provide evidence for novel functions of MBP in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lutz
- From the Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Lutz D, Wolters-Eisfeld G, Schachner M, Kleene R. Cathepsin E generates a sumoylated intracellular fragment of the cell adhesion molecule L1 to promote neuronal and Schwann cell migration as well as myelination. J Neurochem 2014; 128:713-24. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Lutz
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Gerrit Wolters-Eisfeld
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience; Rutgers University; Piscataway New Jersey USA
- Center for Neuroscience; Shantou University Medical College; Shantou China
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
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Schulz F, Lutz D, Rusche N, Bastús NG, Stieben M, Höltig M, Grüner F, Weller H, Schachner M, Vossmeyer T, Loers G. Gold nanoparticles functionalized with a fragment of the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 stimulate L1-mediated functions. Nanoscale 2013; 5:10605-10617. [PMID: 24056775 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02707d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 is involved in nervous system development and promotes regeneration in animal models of acute and chronic injury of the adult nervous system. To translate these conducive functions into therapeutic approaches, a 22-mer peptide that encompasses a minimal and functional L1 sequence of the third fibronectin type III domain of murine L1 was identified and conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to obtain constructs that interact homophilically with the extracellular domain of L1 and trigger the cognate beneficial L1-mediated functions. Covalent conjugation was achieved by reacting mixtures of two cysteine-terminated forms of this L1 peptide and thiolated poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) ligands (~2.1 kDa) with citrate stabilized AuNPs of two different sizes (~14 and 40 nm in diameter). By varying the ratio of the L1 peptide-PEG mixtures, an optimized layer composition was achieved that resulted in the expected homophilic interaction of the AuNPs. These AuNPs were stable as tested over a time period of 30 days in artificial cerebrospinal fluid and interacted with the extracellular domain of L1 on neurons and Schwann cells, as could be shown by using cells from wild-type and L1-deficient mice. In vitro, the L1-derivatized particles promoted neurite outgrowth and survival of neurons from the central and peripheral nervous system and stimulated Schwann cell process formation and proliferation. These observations raise the hope that, in combination with other therapeutic approaches, L1 peptide-functionalized AuNPs may become a useful tool to ameliorate the deficits resulting from acute and chronic injuries of the mammalian nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schulz
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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Loers G, Saini V, Mishra B, Papastefanaki F, Lutz D, Chaudhury S, Ripoll DR, Wallqvist A, Gul S, Schachner M, Kaur G. Nonyloxytryptamine mimics polysialic acid and modulates neuronal and glial functions in cell culture. J Neurochem 2013; 128:88-100. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Vedangana Saini
- Department of Biotechnology; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar Punjab India
| | - Bibhudatta Mishra
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Florentia Papastefanaki
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology; Hellenic Pasteur Institute; Athens Greece
| | - David Lutz
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Sidhartha Chaudhury
- DoD Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute; Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center; US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command; Fort Detrick Maryland USA
| | - Daniel R. Ripoll
- DoD Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute; Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center; US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command; Fort Detrick Maryland USA
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- DoD Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute; Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center; US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command; Fort Detrick Maryland USA
| | - Sheraz Gul
- European ScreeningPort GmbH; Schnackenburgalle114; Hamburg Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience; Rutgers University; Piscataway New Jersey USA
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar Punjab India
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Stemmer N, Strekalova E, Djogo N, Plöger F, Loers G, Lutz D, Buck F, Michalak M, Schachner M, Kleene R. Generation of amyloid-β is reduced by the interaction of calreticulin with amyloid precursor protein, presenilin and nicastrin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61299. [PMID: 23585889 PMCID: PMC3621835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein by γ-secretase and the ensuing generation of amyloid-β is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the identification of amyloid precursor protein binding proteins involved in regulating processing of amyloid precursor protein by the γ-secretase complex is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying the molecular pathology of the disease. We identified calreticulin as novel amyloid precursor protein interaction partner that binds to the γ-secretase cleavage site within amyloid precursor protein and showed that this Ca2+- and N-glycan-independent interaction is mediated by amino acids 330–344 in the C-terminal C-domain of calreticulin. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed that calreticulin is not only associated with amyloid precursor protein but also with the γ-secretase complex members presenilin and nicastrin. Calreticulin was detected at the cell surface by surface biotinylation of cells overexpressing amyloid precursor protein and was co-localized by immunostaining with amyloid precursor protein and presenilin at the cell surface of hippocampal neurons. The P-domain of calreticulin located between the N-terminal N-domain and the C-domain interacts with presenilin, the catalytic subunit of the γ-secretase complex. The P- and C-domains also interact with nicastrin, another functionally important subunit of this complex. Transfection of amyloid precursor protein overexpressing cells with full-length calreticulin leads to a decrease in amyloid-β42 levels in culture supernatants, while transfection with the P-domain increases amyloid-β40 levels. Similarly, application of the recombinant P- or C-domains and of a synthetic calreticulin peptide comprising amino acid 330–344 to amyloid precursor protein overexpressing cells result in elevated amyloid-β40 and amyloid-β42 levels, respectively. These findings indicate that the interaction of calreticulin with amyloid precursor protein and the γ-secretase complex regulates the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein by the γ-secretase complex, pointing to calreticulin as a potential target for therapy in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Stemmer
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Strekalova
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nevena Djogo
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Plöger
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Buck
- Institut für Klinische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Lutz D, Wolters-Eisfeld G, Joshi G, Djogo N, Jakovcevski I, Schachner M, Kleene R. Generation and nuclear translocation of sumoylated transmembrane fragment of cell adhesion molecule L1. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17161-17175. [PMID: 22431726 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.346759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The functions of the cell adhesion molecule L1 in the developing and adult nervous system are triggered by homophilic and heterophilic interactions that stimulate signal transductions that activate cellular responses. Here, we show that stimulation of signaling by function-triggering L1 antibodies or L1-Fc leads to serine protease-dependent cleavage of full-length L1 at the plasma membrane and generation of a sumoylated transmembrane 70-kDa fragment comprising the intracellular and transmembrane domains and part of the extracellular domain. The 70-kDa transmembrane fragment is transported from the plasma membrane to a late endosomal compartment, released from endosomal membranes into the cytoplasm, and transferred from there into the nucleus by a pathway that depends on importin and chromatin-modifying protein 1. Mutation of the sumoylation site at Lys(1172) or of the nuclear localization signal at Lys(1147) abolished L1-stimulated generation or nuclear import of the 70-kDa fragment, respectively. Nuclear import of the 70-kDa fragment may activate cellular responses in parallel or in association with phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways. Alterations in the levels of the 70-kDa fragment during development and in the adult after spinal cord injury or in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease suggest that this fragment is functionally implicated in development, regeneration, neurodegeneration, tumorigenesis, and possibly synaptic plasticity in the mature nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lutz
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Wolters-Eisfeld
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gunjan Joshi
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nevena Djogo
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Igor Jakovcevski
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854; Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Kleinman LC, Lutz D, Plumb EJ, Barkley P, Nazario HR, Ramos MA, Horowitz CR. A partnered approach for structured observation to assess the environment of a neighborhood with high diabetes rates. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2012; 5:249-59. [PMID: 22080773 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2011.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Communities IMPACT Diabetes Center uses partnered methods to address diabetes-related conditions among African Americans and Latinos in East Harlem, New York. OBJECTIVES To describe a novel, partnered approach that integrates simultaneous structured observation by community and academic partners with "on-the-spot" resolution of differences to collect baseline data regarding the built and food environments in a two census tract area of East Harlem and present select findings. METHODS We designed an environmental assessment to explore characteristics of the environment related to walking and eating. We paired community and academic partners to assess each block, resolve any differences, and report results. Nearly one year later, we surveyed the data collectors and analyzed responses using standard qualitative methods. RESULTS Key themes included connection to and characteristics of the community; interactions with partners; surprises and learning, and aspects of data collection. All but the first were common to academic and community partners. Relationships between partners were generally amiable. Both community-"I think it was very helpful, we made sure neither of us made mistakes, and helped each other when we could"-and academic-"I really enjoyed it . . . I learned a lot about the areas I surveyed"-partners were complimentary. Community partners' strengths included local knowledge of the community, whereas academic partners' focus on adherence to the specifications was critical. Structured observation identified many sidewalks in disrepair or obstructed, few benches, and highly variable times allocated for pedestrians to cross at cross walks. CONCLUSIONS The partnered data collection was both successful and formative, building additional relationships and further capacity for ongoing partnership. Community partners saw their community in a new way, seeing, "little things that are important but people don't pay attention to." Structured observations added to our understanding of how an environment may contribute to diabetes.
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Werner B, Lutz D, Brümmendorf TH, Traulsen A, Balabanov S. Dynamics of resistance development to imatinib under increasing selection pressure: a combination of mathematical models and in vitro data. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28955. [PMID: 22216147 PMCID: PMC3245228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, cancer research has been a highly active and rapidly evolving scientific area. The ultimate goal of all efforts is a better understanding of the mechanisms that discriminate malignant from normal cell biology in order to allow the design of molecular targeted treatment strategies. In individual cases of malignant model diseases addicted to a specific, ideally single oncogene, e.g. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have indeed been able to convert the disease from a ultimately life-threatening into a chronic disease with individual patients staying in remission even without treatment suggestive of operational cure. These developments have been raising hopes to transfer this concept to other cancer types. Unfortunately, cancer cells tend to develop both primary and secondary resistance to targeted drugs in a substantially higher frequency often leading to a failure of treatment clinically. Therefore, a detailed understanding of how cells can bypass targeted inhibition of signaling cascades crucial for malignant growths is necessary. Here, we have performed an in vitro experiment that investigates kinetics and mechanisms underlying resistance development in former drug sensitive cancer cells over time in vitro. We show that the dynamics observed in these experiments can be described by a simple mathematical model. By comparing these experimental data with the mathematical model, important parameters such as mutation rates, cellular fitness and the impact of individual drugs on these processes can be assessed. Excitingly, the experiment and the model suggest two fundamentally different ways of resistance evolution, i.e. acquisition of mutations and phenotype switching, each subject to different parameters. Most importantly, this complementary approach allows to assess the risk of resistance development in the different phases of treatment and thus helps to identify the critical periods where resistance development is most likely to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Werner
- Evolutionary Theory Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.
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Wurm M, Schöpke B, Lutz D, Müller J, Zeng AP. Microtechnology meets systems biology: The small molecules of metabolome as next big targets. J Biotechnol 2010; 149:33-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tacconi LJ, Genzel R, Neri R, Cox P, Cooper MC, Shapiro K, Bolatto A, Bouché N, Bournaud F, Burkert A, Combes F, Comerford J, Davis M, Schreiber NMF, Garcia-Burillo S, Gracia-Carpio J, Lutz D, Naab T, Omont A, Shapley A, Sternberg A, Weiner B. High molecular gas fractions in normal massive star-forming galaxies in the young Universe. Nature 2010; 463:781-4. [PMID: 20148033 DOI: 10.1038/nature08773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sperr WR, El-Samahi A, Kundi M, Girschikofsky M, Winkler S, Lutz D, Endler G, Rumpold H, Agis H, Sillaber C, Jäger U, Valent P. Elevated tryptase levels selectively cluster in myeloid neoplasms: a novel diagnostic approach and screen marker in clinical haematology. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:914-23. [PMID: 19522836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that tryptase, a mast cell enzyme, is expressed in neoplastic cells in myeloid leukaemias. In several of these patients, increased serum tryptase levels are detectable. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have determined serum tryptase levels in 914 patients with haematological malignancies, including myeloproliferative disorders (n = 156), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS, n = 241), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML, n = 317), systemic mastocytosis (SM, n = 81), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 59) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (n = 26). Moreover, tryptase was measured in 136 patients with non-neoplastic haematological disorders, 102 with non-haematological disorders and 164 healthy subjects. RESULTS In healthy subjects, the median serum tryptase was 5.2 ng mL(-1). Elevated serum tryptase levels were found to cluster in myeloid neoplasm, whereas almost all patients with lymphoid neoplasms exhibited normal tryptase. Among myeloid neoplasms, elevated tryptase levels (> 15 ng mL(-1)) were recorded in > 90% of patients with SM, 38% with AML, 34% with CML and 25% with MDS. The highest tryptase levels, often > 1000 ng mL(-1), were found in advanced SM and core-binding-factor leukaemias. In most patients with non-neoplastic haematological disorders and non-haematological disorders analysed in our study, tryptase levels were normal, the exception being a few patients with end-stage kidney disease and helminth infections, in whom a slightly elevated tryptase was found. CONCLUSIONS In summary, tryptase is a new diagnostic marker of myeloid neoplasms and a useful test in clinical haematology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Sperr
- Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Koller E, Krieger O, Reisner R, Grill R, Waldner R, Lutz D. All Trans Retinoic Acid in Primary and Relapsed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Oncol Res Treat 2009. [DOI: 10.1159/000217331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lutz D. O.309 Apicoectomy versus implant insertion in the molar region. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-5182(08)71433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Lutz D. P.408 R1 status in basal cell carcinomas – reality or myth? J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-5182(08)72196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Harrer S, Krieger O, Rigal K, Rubey F, Weber R, Lutz D. Seltene Form der Augenmitbeteiligung bei akuter lymphatischer Leukämie. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1054672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pissavini M, Alard V, Heinrich U, Jenni K, Perier V, Tournier V, Lutz D, Meloni M, Kockott D, Ferrero L, Gonzalez B, Zastrow L, Tronnier H. In vitro assessment of water resistance of sun care products: a reproducible and optimized in vitro test method. Int J Cosmet Sci 2007; 29:451-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2007.00407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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