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Bahador M, Saeedi Nejad M, Dabiri S, Larizadeh MH, Soofiabadi MF. Investigating the level of vitamin D receptor gene expression in two tumoral and healthy breast tissues in breast cancer patients and its association with prognostic factors. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2024; 36:12. [PMID: 38616231 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-024-00215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers known among women. This study aimed to investigate the level of vitamin D receptor gene expression in two tumoral and healthy breast tissues in breast cancer patients and its association with prognostic factors. METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 on 50 patients with high suspicion of breast cancer who were candidates for mastectomy and lumpectomy in a learning hospital. From the patients, two tissue samples were prepared, and there was a total of 100 samples. The samples were subjected to H/E staining and evaluated by a pathologist. The presence or absence of malignancy in each sample was confirmed by two pathologists, and HER2/ER/PR indices were determined. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods and SPSS version 22 software were used. RESULTS The average age of the patients was 51.60 ± 11.22 years old, and the average tumor size was 3.17 ± 1.28. Most tumors were grade 2 (48%). The expression of HER2, ER, and PR was positive in 24, 64, and 54%, respectively. The largest number of cases were in stage 2A. The expression level of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in healthy tissue (2.08 ± 1.01) was higher than tumoral tissue (0.25 ± 1.38) (P = 0.001). In tumoral and healthy tissue, VDR expression was not significant according to tumor grade, HER2, ER, PR, LVI, LN, disease stage, age, and tumor size. CONCLUSIONS The expression level of VDR in healthy tissue was significantly higher than tumoral tissue. However, there was no significant relationship between VDR and tumor grade, HER2, ER, PR, LVI, LN, disease stage, age, and tumor size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bahador
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Marjan Saeedi Nejad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Fekri Soofiabadi
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Dennis C, Dillon J, Cohen DJ, Halquist MS, Pearcy AC, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Local production of active vitamin D 3 metabolites in breast cancer cells by CYP24A1 and CYP27B1. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106331. [PMID: 37244301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D3 and its metabolites in cancer and especially as a treatment option has been widely disputed. Clinicians noting low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels in their patients, recommend vitamin D3 supplementation as a method of reducing the risk of cancer; however, data supporting this are inconsistent. These studies rely on systemic 25(OH)D3 as an indicator of hormone status, but 25(OH)D3 is further metabolized in the kidney and other tissues under regulation by several factors. This study examined if breast cancer cells also possess the ability to metabolize 25(OH)D3, and if so, whether the resulting metabolites are secreted locally; if this ability reflects ERα66 status; and if they possess vitamin D receptors (VDR). To address this question, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positive (MCF-7) and ERα negative (HCC38 and MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines were examined for expression of ERα66, ERα36, CYP24A1, CYP27B1, and VDR as well as for local production of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] after treatment with 25(OH)D3. The results showed that independent of ER status, breast cancer cells express the enzymes CYP24A1 and CYP27B1, which are responsible for converting 25(OH)D3 into its dihydroxylated forms. Moreover, these metabolites are produced at levels comparable to the levels observed in blood. They are positive for VDR, indicating that they can respond to 1α,25(OH)2D3, which can upregulate CYP24A1. These findings suggest that vitamin D metabolites may contribute to the tumorigenicity of breast cancer via autocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cydney Dennis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Jonathan Dillon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Matthew S Halquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Bioanalytical Core Laboratory, Central Virginia Drug Abuse Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Adam C Pearcy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Department of Periodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Kazemian E, Akbari ME, Moradi N, Gharibzadeh S, Mondul AM, Jamshidi-Naeini Y, Khademolmele M, Zarins KR, Ghodoosi N, Amouzegar A, Davoodi SH, Rozek LS. Vitamin D Receptor Genetic Variation and Cancer Biomarkers among Breast Cancer Patients Supplemented with Vitamin D3: A Single-Arm Non-Randomized Before and After Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1264. [PMID: 31167402 PMCID: PMC6628022 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms were associated with cancer biomarkers, i.e., E-cadherin, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), interferon β (IFNβ), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (s-ICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (s-VCAM-1), tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL6), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1), and human high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), among breast cancer survivors who received vitamin D3 supplementation. In a single-arm non-randomized pre- and post trial, 176 breast cancer survivors who had completed treatment protocol including surgery, radio and chemotherapy were enrolled in the study and received 4000 IU of vitamin D3 daily for 12 weeks. The association between the VDR SNPs (ApaI, TaqI, FokI, BsmI and Cdx2) and response variable changes was assessed using linear regression, utilizing the "association" function in the R package "SNPassoc". We observed that women with AA and GA [codominant model (AA compared to GG) and (GA compared to GG); dominant model (AA & GA compared to GG)] genotypes of Cdx2 showed higher increase in plasma MMP9 levels compared to the GG category. In addition, carriers of BsmI bb showed greater decrease in circulating TNFα levels after vitamin D3 supplementation [recessive model (bb compared to BB & Bb]. Likewise, significant associations were identified between haplotypes of VDR polymorphisms and on-study plasma MMP9 changes. However, our results indicate that VDR genetic polymorphisms were not associated with longitudinal changes in the remaining cancer biomarkers. Overall, our findings suggest that changes in certain inflammatory biomarkers in breast cancer survivors with low plasma 25(OH)D levels, supplemented with vitamin D3, may depend on VDR SNPs and haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kazemian
- Department of Basic Sciences and Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology and National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 7, Hafezi St. Farahzadi Blv, Shahrake Gharb, Tehran 19816-19573, Iran.
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19395-4763, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19899-34148, Iran.
| | - Nariman Moradi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 66177-13446, Iran.
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran.
| | - Safoora Gharibzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran.
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
| | | | - Maryam Khademolmele
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medical Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch (SRBIAU), Tehran 14778-93855, Iran.
| | - Katie R Zarins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, M6529 SPH II, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Nasim Ghodoosi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6446, Iran.
| | - Atieh Amouzegar
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19395-4763, Iran.
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Department of Basic Sciences and Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology and National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 7, Hafezi St. Farahzadi Blv, Shahrake Gharb, Tehran 19816-19573, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19899-34148, Iran.
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, M6529 SPH II, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
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Sheng L, Turner AG, Barratt K, Kremer R, Morris HA, Callen DF, Anderson PH, Tarulli GA. Mammary-specific ablation of Cyp24a1 inhibits development, reduces proliferation and increases sensitivity to vitamin D. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 189:240-247. [PMID: 30654105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Active vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) has been shown to regulate numerous cell processes in mammary cells. Degradation of 1,25(OH)2D is initiated by the mitochondrial enzyme, 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase (CYP24 A1), and provides local control of 1,25(OH)2D bioactivity. Several reports of the association between elevated CYP24 A1 activity and breast cancer incidence, suggest that CYP24 A1 may be a target for therapeutic intervention. Whether CYP24 A1 activity within the mammary epithelium regulates 1,25(OH)2D levels and mammary gland development is yet to shown. We have used a conditional knockout of the Cyp24a1 gene specifically in the mammary epithelium to demonstrate reduced terminal end bud number, ductal outgrowth and branching during puberty and alveologenesis at early pregnancy, by inhibiting proliferation but not apoptosis in both basal and luminal MECs. In vitro study showed increased sensitivity of luminal MECs to lower levels of 1,25(OH)2D with the ablation of Cyp24a1 activity. In summary, Cyp24a1 within MECs plays an important role in modulating postnatal and pregnancy-associated mammary gland development which provides support for inhibiting CYP24 A1 as a potential approach to activating the vitamin D pathway in breast cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew G Turner
- Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kate Barratt
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Richard Kremer
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Howard A Morris
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David F Callen
- Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul H Anderson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Gerard A Tarulli
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Welsh J. Function of the vitamin D endocrine system in mammary gland and breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 453:88-95. [PMID: 28579119 PMCID: PMC5538720 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor for 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25D), the active form of vitamin D, has anti-tumor actions in many tissues. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in normal mammary gland and in many human breast cancers suggesting it may represent an important tumor suppressor gene in this tissue. When activated by 1,25D, VDR modulates multiple cellular pathways including those related to energy metabolism, terminal differentiation and inflammation. There is compelling pre-clinical evidence that alterations in vitamin D status affect breast cancer development and progression, while clinical and epidemiological data are suggestive but not entirely consistent. The demonstration that breast cells express CYP27B1 (which converts the precursor vitamin D metabolite 25D to the active metabolite 1,25D) and CYP24A1 (which degrades both 25D and 1,25D) provides insight into the difficulties inherent in using dietary vitamin D, sun exposure and/or serum biomarkers of vitamin D status to predict disease outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests that the normally tight balance between CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 becomes deregulated during cancer development, leading to abrogation of the tumor suppressive effects triggered by VDR. Research aimed at understanding the mechanisms that govern uptake, storage, metabolism and actions of vitamin D steroids in normal and neoplastic breast tissue remain an urgent priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoEllen Welsh
- University at Albany Cancer Research Center, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States.
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Sheng L, Anderson PH, Turner AG, Pishas KI, Dhatrak DJ, Gill PG, Morris HA, Callen DF. Identification of vitamin D 3 target genes in human breast cancer tissue. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:90-97. [PMID: 26485663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple epidemiological studies have shown that high vitamin D3 status is strongly associated with improved breast cancer survival. To determine the molecular pathways influenced by 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) in breast epithelial cells we isolated RNA from normal human breast and cancer tissues treated with 1,25D in an ex vivo explant system. RNA-Seq revealed 523 genes that were differentially expressed in breast cancer tissues in response to 1,25D treatment, and 127 genes with altered expression in normal breast tissues. GoSeq KEGG pathway analysis revealed 1,25D down-regulated cellular metabolic pathways and enriched pathways involved with intercellular adhesion. The highly 1,25D up-regulated target genes CLMN, SERPINB1, EFTUD1, and KLK6were selected for further analysis and up-regulation by 1,25D was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis in breast cancer cell lines and in a subset of human clinical samples from normal and cancer breast tissues. Ketoconazole potentiated 1,25D-mediated induction of CLMN, SERPINB1, and KLK6 mRNA through inhibition of 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) activity. Elevated expression levels of CLMN, SERPINB1, and KLK6 are associated with prolonged relapse-free survival for breast cancer patients. The major finding of the present study is that exposure of both normal and malignant breast tissue to 1,25D results in changes in cellular adhesion, metabolic pathways and tumor suppressor-like pathways, which support epidemiological data suggesting that adequate vitamin D3 levels may improve breast cancer outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sheng
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul H Anderson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew G Turner
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | | | - Peter G Gill
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Howard A Morris
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David F Callen
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Al-Azhri J, Zhang Y, Bshara W, Zirpoli G, McCann SE, Khoury T, Morrison CD, Edge SB, Ambrosone CB, Yao S. Tumor Expression of Vitamin D Receptor and Breast Cancer Histopathological Characteristics and Prognosis. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:97-103. [PMID: 27407090 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous work has shown low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in association with aggressive breast cancer subtypes. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is central for vitamin D-mediated transcription regulation. Few studies have examined breast VDR expression with tumor characteristics or patient survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN VDR expression in breast tumor tissue microarrays was determined by immunohistochemistry in 1,114 female patients as low, moderate, and strong expression based on an immunoreactive score, and examined with histopathologic tumor characteristics and survival outcomes including progression-free survival, breast cancer-specific survival, and overall survival. RESULTS A majority (58%) of breast tumors showed moderate or strong VDR expression. VDR expression was inversely related to aggressive tumor characteristics, including large tumor size, hormonal receptor (HR) negativity, and triple-negative subtype (P < 0.05). In addition, VDR expression was also inversely related to Ki-67 expression among patients older than 50 years. Nevertheless, VDR expression was not associated with any patient survival outcomes examined. CONCLUSIONS In a large patient population, VDR expression is inversely associated with more aggressive breast cancer, but not with breast cancer survival outcomes. The present findings of VDR expression are consistent with our previous results of circulating vitamin D biomarkers, which provide two converging lines of evidence supporting the putative benefits of vitamin D against aggressive breast cancer. Because of the observational nature of our analyses, future studies are warranted to establish the causality of the reported associations. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 97-103. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Al-Azhri
- Department of Surgery, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Wiam Bshara
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Gary Zirpoli
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Susan E McCann
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Thaer Khoury
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Carl D Morrison
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Stephen B Edge
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
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Amouzougan A, Deygat A, Trombert B, Constant E, Denarié D, Marotte H, Thomas T. Spectacular improvement in vitamin D status in elderly osteoporotic women: 8-year analysis of an osteoporotic population treated in a dedicated fracture liaison service. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:2869-75. [PMID: 26104797 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In a population of postmenopausal women with a fragility fracture, we found a drastic reduction in the proportion of women with severe (<25 nmol/L) and moderate (25 to 75 nmol/L) hypovitaminosis D, especially from 2009 onwards. These results show that supplementation has been very widely integrated into current practice. INTRODUCTION Vitamin D (25(OH)D) is essential for bone health. In institutionalised osteoporotic women, it reduces the risk of fragility fractures. Numerous articles suggesting the possibility of extraosseous effects have generated a growing number of publications and recommendations on more widespread administration, to limit the risks of moderate or severe hypovitaminosis D. We assessed the impact on clinical practice of these recommendations concerning 25(OH)D supplementation in elderly at-risk populations. METHODS A total of 1486 postmenopausal osteoporotic women were seen in the context of a fracture liaison service (i.e. a rheumatology consultation following a peripheral fragility fracture), between May 2005 and December 2012. Of these, 1107 had a 25(OH)D assay (femur, n = 520; humerus, n = 207; wrist, n = 380). RESULTS The average age of the total population was 76.7 ± 9.9 years, while for women with an available 25(OH)D assay, the average age was 75.1 ± 11.8 years. The average 25(OH)D (nmol/L) level was similar for the three fracture sites: femur, 30 ± 36.2; humerus, 27.5 ± 24; and wrist, 31 ± 26. A drastic reduction in the proportion of women with severe (<25 nmol/L) and moderate (25 to 75 nmol/L) hypovitaminosis D was observed, especially from 2009 onwards, with a mean prevalence of 69 and 30 % respectively before that year and 35 and 52 % thereafter. Conversely, the proportion of women with 25(OH)D at the threshold value of 75 nmol/L increased from 1.2 to 24 %. Overall, mean serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly higher when comparing the two periods 2005-2008 and 2009-1012 (17.6 ± 14.6 and 48.4 ± 39.2 nmol/L, respectively; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION These results show that supplementation has been very widely integrated into current practice. We can expect it to yield beneficial effects in osseous and extraosseous terms in osteoporotic women, particularly the very elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amouzougan
- INSERM U1059, Lab Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - A Deygat
- INSERM U1059, Lab Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - B Trombert
- SSPIM, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- EA SNA-EPIS, PRES Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - E Constant
- INSERM U1059, Lab Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - D Denarié
- INSERM U1059, Lab Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - H Marotte
- INSERM U1059, Lab Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - T Thomas
- INSERM U1059, Lab Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France.
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Beaudin SG, Robilotto S, Welsh J. Comparative regulation of gene expression by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in cells derived from normal mammary tissue and breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148:96-102. [PMID: 25239595 PMCID: PMC4760099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous genomic profiling of immortalized, non-tumorigenic human breast epithelial cells identified a set of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) regulated genes with potential relevance to breast cancer prevention. In this report, we characterized the effect of 1,25D on a subset of these genes in six cell lines derived from mammary tissue and breast cancers. Non-tumorigenic cell lines included hTERT-HME1, HME and MCF10A cells which are often used to model normal breast epithelial cells. Breast cancer cell lines included MCF7 cells (a model of early stage, estrogen-dependent disease), DCIS.com cells (a derivative of MCF10A cells that models in situ breast cancer) and Hs578T cells (a model of metastatic disease). All of these cell lines express the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and exhibit anti-cancer responses to 1,25D such as changes in proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, or invasion. Our comparative data demonstrate highly variable responses to 1,25D (100nM, 24h) between the cell lines. In both hTERT-HME1 and HME cell lines, CYP24A1, SLC1A1 and ITGB3 were up-regulated whereas KDR, GLUL and BIRC3 were down-regulated in response to 1,25D. In contrast, no changes in SLC1A1, ITGB3 or GLUL expression were detected in 1,25D treated MCF10A cells although KDR and BIRC3 were down-regulated by 1,25D. The effects of 1,25D on these genes in the breast cancer cell lines were blunted, with the DCIS.com cells exhibiting the most similar responses to the immortalized hTERT-HME1 and HME cells. The differences in cellular responses were not due to general impairment in VDR function as robust CYP24A1 induction was observed in all cell lines. Thus, our data indicate that the genomic changes induced by 1,25D are highly cell-type specific even in model cell lines derived from the same tissue. The implication of these findings is that genomic responses to changes in vitamin D status in vivo are likely to be distinct from individual to individual, particularly in neoplastic tissue. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Beaudin
- Cancer Research Center, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | | | - JoEllen Welsh
- Cancer Research Center, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States; Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States.
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10
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Narvaez CJ, Matthews D, LaPorta E, Simmons KM, Beaudin S, Welsh J. The impact of vitamin D in breast cancer: genomics, pathways, metabolism. Front Physiol 2014; 5:213. [PMID: 24982636 PMCID: PMC4055997 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors exert profound effects on mammary gland physiology and have complex roles in the etiology of breast cancer. In addition to receptors for classic steroid hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) interacts with its ligand 1α,25(OH)2D3 to modulate the normal mammary epithelial cell genome and subsequent phenotype. Observational studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is common in breast cancer patients and that low vitamin D status enhances the risk for disease development or progression. Genomic profiling has characterized many 1α,25(OH)2D3 responsive targets in normal mammary cells and in breast cancers, providing insight into the molecular actions of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and the VDR in regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, and differentiation. New areas of emphasis include regulation of tumor metabolism and innate immune responses. However, the role of VDR in individual cell types (i.e., epithelial, adipose, fibroblast, endothelial, immune) of normal and tumor tissues remains to be clarified. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which VDR integrates signaling between diverse cell types and controls soluble signals and paracrine pathways in the tissue/tumor microenvironment remain to be defined. Model systems of carcinogenesis have provided evidence that both VDR expression and 1α,25(OH)2D3 actions change with transformation but clinical data regarding vitamin D responsiveness of established tumors is limited and inconclusive. Because breast cancer is heterogeneous, analysis of VDR actions in specific molecular subtypes of the disease may help to clarify the conflicting data. The expanded use of genomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches on a diverse array of in vitro and in vivo model systems is clearly warranted to comprehensively understand the network of vitamin D regulated pathways in the context of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen J Narvaez
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Donald Matthews
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Erika LaPorta
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Katrina M Simmons
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Beaudin
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA ; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA
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Pishas KI, Neuhaus SJ, Clayer MT, Adwal A, Brown MP, Evdokiou A, Callen DF, Neilsen PM. Pre-activation of the p53 pathway through Nutlin-3a sensitises sarcomas to drozitumab therapy. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:471-7. [PMID: 23670273 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the efficacy of drozitumab, a human monoclonal agonistic antibody directed against death receptor 5 (DR5), as a new therapeutic avenue for the targeted treatment of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. The antitumour activity of drozitumab as a monotherapy or in combination with Nutlin-3a was evaluated in a panel of sarcoma cell lines in vitro and human sarcoma patient samples ex vivo. Knockdown experiments were used to investigate the central role of p53 as a regulator of drozitumab cytotoxicity. Pre-activation of the p53 pathway through Nutlin-3a upregulated DR5, subsequently sensitising sarcoma cell lines and human sarcoma specimens to the pro-apoptotic effects of drozitumab. Silencing of p53 strongly decreased DR5 mRNA expression resulting in abrogation of drozitumab-induced apoptosis. Our study provides the first pre-clinical evaluation of combination therapy using p53-activating agents with drozitumab to further sensitise sarcomas to the cytotoxic effects of DR5 antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen I Pishas
- Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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