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Zhang J, Liu L, Dai X, Li B, Zhang S, Yu Y. Thyroid and parathyroid function disorders induced by short-term exposure of microplastics and nanoplastics: Exploration of toxic mechanisms and early warning biomarkers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:134960. [PMID: 38901250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Human exposure to micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) primarily occurs through respiration and diet in the environment. However, the early effects and warning signs of MNPs exposure on vertebrates are unclear. Here we used intratracheal instillation and intragastric infusion to establish mouse models for MNPs exposure to systematically investigate the toxic mechanisms of MNPs on endocrine organs. Results showed that MNPs induced endocrine disruptions in short-term exposure by both dietary and respiratory pathways. Microplastics (MPs) exposed through dietary route were more toxic to thyroid gland, whereas nanoplastics (NPs) exhibited the highest level of toxicity to parathyroid gland through respiration. The transcriptome and validation of related functional genes revealed that MNPs affected the synthesis of thyroglobulin by interfering with the expressions of PAX8 and CREB. MNPs also impacted the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, further mediating the secretion of thyroid hormones. Moreover, MNPs modulate the expression of Mafb, thereby exerting regulatory effects on parathyroid hormone (PTH) synthesis and growth development in parathyroid cells. Meanwhile, MNPs interfered with the expression of IP3R in the calcium signaling pathway, indirectly affecting the secretion of PTH. This study reveals the effects and mechanisms of MNPs on thyroid and parathyroid and highlights the significance of early warning of MNPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaowei Dai
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Huanghe Hospital, Tianjin 300110, China
| | - Shaoxuan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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2
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Rinaldi L, Chiuso F, Senatore E, Borzacchiello D, Lignitto L, Iannucci R, Donne RD, Fuggi M, Reale C, Russo F, Russo NA, Giurato G, Rizzo F, Sellitto A, Santangelo M, De Biase D, Paciello O, D'Ambrosio C, Amente S, Garbi C, Dalla E, Scaloni A, Weisz A, Ambrosino C, Insabato L, Feliciello A. Downregulation of praja2 restrains endocytosis and boosts tyrosine kinase receptors in kidney cancer. Commun Biol 2024; 7:208. [PMID: 38379085 PMCID: PMC10879500 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common kidney cancer in the adult population. Late diagnosis, resistance to therapeutics and recurrence of metastatic lesions account for the highest mortality rate among kidney cancer patients. Identifying novel biomarkers for early cancer detection and elucidating the mechanisms underlying ccRCC will provide clues to treat this aggressive malignant tumor. Here, we report that the ubiquitin ligase praja2 forms a complex with-and ubiquitylates the AP2 adapter complex, contributing to receptor endocytosis and clearance. In human RCC tissues and cells, downregulation of praja2 by oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) and the proteasome markedly impairs endocytosis and clearance of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and amplifies downstream mitogenic and proliferative signaling. Restoring praja2 levels in RCC cells downregulates EGFR, rewires cancer cell metabolism and ultimately inhibits tumor cell growth and metastasis. Accordingly, genetic ablation of praja2 in mice upregulates RTKs (i.e. EGFR and VEGFR) and induces epithelial and vascular alterations in the kidney tissue.In summary, our findings identify a regulatory loop between oncomiRs and the ubiquitin proteasome system that finely controls RTKs endocytosis and clearance, positively impacting mitogenic signaling and kidney cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiuso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Senatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Borzacchiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Lignitto
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Rosa Iannucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Delle Donne
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Fuggi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Reale
- Biogem, Biology and Molecular Genetics Institute, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Filomena Russo
- Biogem, Biology and Molecular Genetics Institute, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Giurato
- Genome Research Center for Health, Baronissi (SA), Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry SMS, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Genome Research Center for Health, Baronissi (SA), Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry SMS, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Assunta Sellitto
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry SMS, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Michele Santangelo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Pathology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara D'Ambrosio
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Stefano Amente
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Corrado Garbi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Genome Research Center for Health, Baronissi (SA), Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry SMS, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Biogem, Biology and Molecular Genetics Institute, Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology University of Sannio, Sannio, Italy
| | - Luigi Insabato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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3
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Beamish JA, Telang AC, McElliott MC, Al-Suraimi A, Chowdhury M, Ference-Salo JT, Otto EA, Menon R, Soofi A, Weinberg JM, Patel SR, Dressler GR. Pax protein depletion in proximal tubules triggers conserved mechanisms of resistance to acute ischemic kidney injury preventing transition to chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2024; 105:312-327. [PMID: 37977366 PMCID: PMC10958455 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition that lacks effective treatments. In part, this shortcoming is due to an incomplete understanding of the genetic mechanisms that control pathogenesis and recovery. Identifying the molecular and genetic regulators unique to nephron segments that dictate vulnerability to injury and regenerative potential could lead to new therapeutic targets to treat ischemic kidney injury. Pax2 and Pax8 are homologous transcription factors with overlapping functions that are critical for kidney development and are re-activated in AKI. Here, we examined the role of Pax2 and Pax8 in recovery from ischemic AKI and found them upregulated after severe AKI and correlated with chronic injury. Surprisingly, proximal-tubule-selective deletion of Pax2 and Pax8 resulted in a less severe chronic injury phenotype. This effect was mediated by protection against the acute insult, similar to pre-conditioning. Prior to injury, Pax2 and Pax8 mutant mice develop a unique subpopulation of proximal tubule cells in the S3 segment that displayed features usually seen only in acute or chronic injury. The expression signature of these cells was strongly enriched with genes associated with other mechanisms of protection against ischemic AKI including caloric restriction, hypoxic pre-conditioning, and female sex. Thus, our results identified a novel role for Pax2 and Pax8 in mature proximal tubules that regulates critical genes and pathways involved in both the injury response and protection from ischemic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Beamish
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Asha C Telang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Madison C McElliott
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anas Al-Suraimi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mahboob Chowdhury
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jenna T Ference-Salo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Edgar A Otto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rajasree Menon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Abdul Soofi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joel M Weinberg
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sanjeevkumar R Patel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gregory R Dressler
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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4
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Beamish JA, Telang AC, McElliott MC, Al-Suraimi A, Chowdhury M, Ference-Salo JT, Otto EA, Menon R, Soofi A, Weinberg JM, Patel SR, Dressler GR. Pax Protein Depletion in Proximal Tubules Triggers Conserved Mechanisms of Resistance to Acute Ischemic Kidney Injury and Prevents Transition to Chronic Kidney Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.03.559511. [PMID: 37873377 PMCID: PMC10592940 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.559511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition that lacks effective treatments. In part this shortcoming is due to an incomplete understanding of the genetic mechanisms that control pathogenesis and recovery. Pax2 and Pax8 are homologous transcription factors with overlapping functions that are critical for kidney development and are re-activated in AKI. In this report, we examined the role of Pax2 and Pax8 in recovery from ischemic AKI. We found that Pax2 and Pax8 are upregulated after severe AKI and correlate with chronic injury. Surprisingly, we then discovered that proximal-tubule-selective deletion of Pax2 and Pax8 resulted in a less severe chronic injury phenotype. This effect was mediated by protection against the acute insult, similar to preconditioning. Prior to injury, Pax2 and Pax8 mutant mice develop a unique subpopulation of S3 proximal tubule cells that display features usually seen only in acute or chronic injury. The expression signature of these cells was strongly enriched with genes associated with other mechanisms of protection against ischemic AKI including caloric restriction, hypoxic preconditioning, and female sex. Taken together, our results identify a novel role for Pax2 and Pax8 in mature proximal tubules that regulates critical genes and pathways involved in both injury response and protection from ischemic AKI. TRANSLATIONAL STATEMENT Identifying the molecular and genetic regulators unique to the nephron that dictate vulnerability to injury and regenerative potential could lead to new therapeutic targets to treat ischemic kidney injury. Pax2 and Pax8 are two homologous nephron-specific transcription factors that are critical for kidney development and physiology. Here we report that proximal-tubule-selective depletion of Pax2 and Pax8 protects against both acute and chronic injury and induces an expression profile in the S3 proximal tubule with common features shared among diverse conditions that protect against ischemia. These findings highlight a new role for Pax proteins as potential therapeutic targets to treat AKI.
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5
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A Cross-Species Analysis Reveals Dysthyroidism of the Ovaries as a Common Trait of Premature Ovarian Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033054. [PMID: 36769379 PMCID: PMC9918015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the imbalance of circulating levels of Thyroid Hormones (THs) affects female fertility in vertebrates, its involvement in the promotion of Premature Ovarian Aging (POA) is debated. Therefore, altered synthesis of THs in both thyroid and ovary can be a trait of POA. We investigated the relationship between abnormal TH signaling, dysthyroidism, and POA in evolutionary distant vertebrates: from zebrafish to humans. Ovarian T3 signaling/metabolism was evaluated by measuring T3 levels, T3 responsive transcript, and protein levels along with transcripts governing T3 availability (deiodinases) and signaling (TH receptors) in distinct models of POA depending on genetic background and environmental exposures (e.g., diets, pesticides). Expression levels of well-known (Amh, Gdf9, and Inhibins) and novel (miR143/145 and Gas5) biomarkers of POA were assessed. Ovarian dysthyroidism was slightly influenced by genetics since very few differences were found between C57BL/6J and FVB/NJ females. However, diets exacerbated it in a strain-dependent manner. Similar findings were observed in zebrafish and mouse models of POA induced by developmental and long-life exposure to low-dose chlorpyrifos (CPF). Lastly, the T3 decrease in follicular fluids from women affected by diminished ovarian reserve, as well as of the transcripts modulating T3 signaling/availability in the cumulus cells, confirmed ovarian dysthyroidism as a common and evolutionary conserved trait of POA.
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Di Palma T, Zannini M. PAX8 as a Potential Target for Ovarian Cancer: What We Know so Far. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1273-1280. [PMID: 36275185 PMCID: PMC9584354 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s361511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fallopian tube epithelium harbors the origin cells for the majority of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs), the most lethal form of gynecologic malignancies. PAX8 belongs to the paired-box gene family of transcription factors and it is a marker of the FTE secretory cell lineage. Its role has been investigated in migration, invasion, proliferation, cell survival, stem cell maintenance, angiogenesis and tumor growth. In this review, we focus on the pro-tumorigenic role of PAX8 in ovarian cancer; in this context, PAX8 possibly continues to exert its transcriptional activity on its physiological targets but may also function on newly available targets after the tumorigenic hits. Acquiring new insights into the different PAX8 mechanism(s) of action in the tumor microenvironment could uncover new viable therapeutic targets and thus improve the current treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Di Palma
- IEOS - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, National Research Council, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Mariastella Zannini
- IEOS - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, National Research Council, Napoli, 80131, Italy,Correspondence: Mariastella Zannini, IEOS - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, National Research Council, via S. Pansini 5, Napoli, 80131, Italy, Tel +39-081-5465530, Fax +39-081-2296674, Email
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7
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Albano F, Tucci V, Blackshear PJ, Reale C, Roberto L, Russo F, Marotta P, Porreca I, Colella M, Mallardo M, de Felice M, Ambrosino C. ZFP36L2 Role in Thyroid Functionality. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9379. [PMID: 34502288 PMCID: PMC8431063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone levels are usually genetically determined. Thyrocytes produce a unique set of enzymes that are dedicated to thyroid hormone synthesis. While thyroid transcriptional regulation is well-characterized, post-transcriptional mechanisms have been less investigated. Here, we describe the involvement of ZFP36L2, a protein that stimulates degradation of target mRNAs, in thyroid development and function, by in vivo and in vitro gene targeting in thyrocytes. Thyroid-specific Zfp36l2-/- females were hypothyroid, with reduced levels of circulating free Thyroxine (cfT4) and Triiodothyronine (cfT3). Their hypothyroidism was due to dyshormonogenesis, already evident one week after weaning, while thyroid development appeared normal. We observed decreases in several thyroid-specific transcripts and proteins, such as Nis and its transcriptional regulators (Pax8 and Nkx2.1), and increased apoptosis in Zfp36l2-/- thyroids. Nis, Pax8, and Nkx2.1 mRNAs were also reduced in Zfp36l2 knock-out thyrocytes in vitro (L2KO), in which we confirmed the increased apoptosis. Finally, in L2KO cells, we showed an altered response to TSH stimulation regarding both thyroid-specific gene expression and cell proliferation and survival. This result was supported by increases in P21/WAF1 and p-P38MAPK levels. Mechanistically, we confirmed Notch1 as a target of ZFP36L2 in the thyroid since its levels were increased in both in vitro and in vivo models. In both models, the levels of Id4 mRNA, a potential inhibitor of Pax8 activity, were increased. Overall, the data indicate that the regulation of mRNA stability by ZFP36L2 is a mechanism that controls the function and survival of thyrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Albano
- IEOS-CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Valeria Tucci
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carla Reale
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Luca Roberto
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Filomena Russo
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Pina Marotta
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Immacolata Porreca
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Colella
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mario de Felice
- IEOS-CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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Nittoli V, Colella M, Porciello A, Reale C, Roberto L, Russo F, Russo NA, Porreca I, De Felice M, Mallardo M, Ambrosino C. Multi Species Analyses Reveal Testicular T3 Metabolism and Signalling as a Target of Environmental Pesticides. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092187. [PMID: 34571837 PMCID: PMC8471965 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate many biological processes in vertebrates, including reproduction. Testicular somatic and germ cells are equipped with the arrays of enzymes (deiodinases), transporters, and receptors necessary to locally maintain the optimal level of THs and their signalling, needed for their functions and spermatogenesis. Pesticides, as chlorpyrifos (CPF) and ethylene thiourea (ETU), impair the function of thyroid and testis, affecting male fertility. However, their ability to disarrange testicular T3 (t-T3) metabolism and signalling is poorly considered. Here, a multi-species analysis involving zebrafish and mouse suggests the damage of t-T3 metabolism and signalling as a mechanism of gonadic toxicity of low-doses CPF and ETU. Indeed, the developmental exposure to both compounds reduces Dio2 transcript in both models, as well as in ex-vivo cultures of murine seminiferous tubules, and it is linked to alteration of steroidogenesis and germ cell differentiation. A major impact on spermatogonia was confirmed molecularly by the expression of their markers and morphologically evidenced in zebrafish. The results reveal that in the adopted models, exposure to both pesticides alters the t-T3 metabolism and signalling, affecting the reproductive capability. Our data, together with previous reports suggest zebrafish as an evaluable model in assessing the action of compounds impairing locally T3 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Nittoli
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy; (V.N.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (N.A.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Marco Colella
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy; (V.N.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (N.A.R.); (I.P.)
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Potenza, Italy
| | - Alfonsina Porciello
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy; (V.N.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (N.A.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Carla Reale
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy; (V.N.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (N.A.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Luca Roberto
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy; (V.N.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (N.A.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Filomena Russo
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy; (V.N.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (N.A.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Nicola A. Russo
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy; (V.N.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (N.A.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Immacalata Porreca
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy; (V.N.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (N.A.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Mario De Felice
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 59100 Naples, Italy;
- IEOS-CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 59100 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy; (V.N.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (N.A.R.); (I.P.)
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- IEOS-CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (C.A.)
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Laszczyk AM, Higashi AY, Patel SR, Johnson CN, Soofi A, Abraham S, Dressler GR. Pax2 and Pax8 Proteins Regulate Urea Transporters and Aquaporins to Control Urine Concentration in the Adult Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:1212-1225. [PMID: 32381599 PMCID: PMC7269349 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019090962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the glomerular filtrate passes through the nephron and into the renal medulla, electrolytes, water, and urea are reabsorbed through the concerted actions of solute carrier channels and aquaporins at various positions along the nephron and in the outer and inner medulla. Proliferating stem cells expressing the nuclear transcription factor Pax2 give rise to renal epithelial cells. Pax2 expression ends once the epithelial cells differentiate into mature proximal and distal tubules, whereas expression of the related Pax8 protein continues. The collecting tubules and renal medulla are derived from Pax2-positive ureteric bud epithelia that continue to express Pax2 and Pax8 in adult kidneys. Despite the crucial role of Pax2 in renal development, functions for Pax2 or Pax8 in adult renal epithelia have not been established. METHODS To examine the roles of Pax2 and Pax8 in the adult mouse kidney, we deleted either Pax2, Pax8, or both genes in adult mice and examined the resulting phenotypes and changes in gene expression patterns. We also explored the mechanism of Pax8-mediated activation of potential target genes in inner medullary collecting duct cells. RESULTS Mice with induced deletions of both Pax2 and Pax8 exhibit severe polyuria that can be attributed to significant changes in the expression of solute carriers, such as the urea transporters encoded by Slc14a2, as well as aquaporins within the inner and outer medulla. Furthermore, Pax8 expression is induced by high-salt levels in collecting duct cells and activates the Slc14a2 gene by recruiting a histone methyltransferase complex to the promoter. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal novel functions for Pax proteins in adult renal epithelia that are essential for retaining water and concentrating urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Laszczyk
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Atsuko Y Higashi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Craig N Johnson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Abdul Soofi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Saji Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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10
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Guerriero I, De Angelis MT, D'Angelo F, Leveque R, Savignano E, Roberto L, Lucci V, Mazzone P, Laurino S, Storto G, Nardelli A, Sgambato A, Ceccarelli M, De Felice M, Amendola E, Falco G. Exploring the Molecular Crosstalk between Pancreatic Bud and Mesenchyme in Embryogenesis: Novel Signals Involved. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194900. [PMID: 31623299 PMCID: PMC6811752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic organogenesis is a multistep process that requires the cooperation of several signaling pathways. In this context, the role of pancreatic mesenchyme is important to define the epithelium development; nevertheless, the precise space–temporal signaling activation still needs to be clarified. This study reports a dissection of the pancreatic embryogenesis, highlighting the molecular network surrounding the epithelium–mesenchyme interaction. To investigate this crosstalk, pancreatic epithelium and surrounding mesenchyme, at embryonic day 10.5, were collected through laser capture microdissection (LCM) and characterized based on their global gene expression. We performed a bioinformatic analysis to hypothesize crosstalk interactions, validating the most promising genes and verifying the precise localization of their expression in the compartments, by RNA in situ hybridization (ISH). Our analyses pointed out also the c-Met gene, a very well-known factor involved in stimulating motility, morphogenesis, and organ regeneration. We also highlighted the potential crosstalk between Versican (Vcan) and Syndecan4 (Sdc4) since these genes are involved in pancreatic tissue repair, strengthening the concept that the same signaling pathways required during pancreatic embryogenesis are also involved in tissue repair. This finding leads to novel strategies for obtaining functional pancreatic stem cells for cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Guerriero
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa De Angelis
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Fulvio D'Angelo
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Rita Leveque
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degliStudi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Savignano
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Luca Roberto
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Valeria Lucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degliStudi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Pellegrino Mazzone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degliStudi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Simona Laurino
- IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
| | - Giovanni Storto
- IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
| | - Anna Nardelli
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, Via De Amicis No. 95, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Mario De Felice
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'OncologiaSperimentale "G. Salvatore", CNR, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Elena Amendola
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degliStudi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'OncologiaSperimentale "G. Salvatore", CNR, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Geppino Falco
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degliStudi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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11
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Peters C, van Trotsenburg ASP, Schoenmakers N. DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Congenital hypothyroidism: update and perspectives. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 179:R297-R317. [PMID: 30324792 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) may be primary, due to a defect affecting the thyroid gland itself, or central, due to impaired thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-mediated stimulation of the thyroid gland as a result of hypothalamic or pituitary pathology. Primary CH is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder, traditionally subdivided into thyroid dysgenesis (TD), referring to a spectrum of thyroid developmental abnormalities, and dyshormonogenesis, where a defective molecular pathway for thyroid hormonogenesis results in failure of hormone production by a structurally intact gland. Delayed treatment of neonatal hypothyroidism may result in profound neurodevelopmental delay; therefore, CH is screened for in developed countries to facilitate prompt diagnosis. Central congenital hypothyroidism (CCH) is a rarer entity which may occur in isolation, or (more frequently) in association with additional pituitary hormone deficits. CCH is most commonly defined biochemically by failure of appropriate TSH elevation despite subnormal thyroid hormone levels and will therefore evade diagnosis in primary, TSH-based CH-screening programmes. This review will discuss recent genetic aetiological advances in CH and summarize epidemiological data and clinical diagnostic challenges, focussing on primary CH and isolated CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peters
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - A S P van Trotsenburg
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N Schoenmakers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research
Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Guénard F, Tchernof A, Deshaies Y, Biron S, Lescelleur O, Biertho L, Marceau S, Pérusse L, Vohl MC. Genetic regulation of differentially methylated genes in visceral adipose tissue of severely obese men discordant for the metabolic syndrome. Transl Res 2017; 184:1-11.e2. [PMID: 28219716 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A genetic influence on methylation levels has been reported and methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL) have been identified in various tissues. The contribution of genetic and epigenetic factors in the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has also been noted. To pinpoint candidate genes for testing the association of SNPs with MetS and its components, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of genetic variations to differentially methylated CpG sites in severely obese men discordant for MetS. A genome-wide differential methylation analysis was conducted in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of 31 severely obese men discordant for MetS (16 with and 15 without MetS) and identified ∼17,800 variable CpG sites. The genome-wide association study conducted to identify the SNPs (meQTL) associated with methylation levels at variable CpG sites revealed 2292 significant associations (P < 2.22 × 10-11) involving 2182 unique meQTLs regulating the methylation levels of 174 variable CpG sites. Two meQTLs disrupting CpG sites located within the collagen-encoding COL11A2 gene were tested for associations with MetS and its components in a cohort of 3021 obese individuals. Rare alleles of these meQTLs showed association with plasma fasting glucose levels. Further analysis conducted on these meQTL suggested a biological impact mediated through the disruption of transcription factor (TF)-binding sites based on the prediction of TF-binding affinities. The current study identified meQTL in the VAT of severely obese men and revealed associations of two COL11A2 meQTL with fasting glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Guénard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Québec, Canada; School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Deshaies
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Biron
- Department of Surgery, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Simon Marceau
- Department of Surgery, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Québec, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Québec, Canada; School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
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13
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Abstract
Resistance to thyrotropin (RTSH) is broadly defined as reduced sensitivity of thyroid follicle cells to stimulation by biologically active TSH due to genetic defects. Affected individuals have elevated serum TSH in the absence of goiter, with the severity ranging from nongoitrous isolated hyperthyrotropinemia to severe congenital hypothyroidism with thyroid hypoplasia. Conceptually, defects leading to RTSH impair both aspects of TSH-mediated action, namely thyroid hormone synthesis and gland growth. These include inactivating mutations in the genes encoding the TSH receptor and the PAX8 transcription factor. A common third cause has been genetically mapped to a locus on chromosome 15, but the underlying pathophysiology has not yet been elucidated. This review provides a succinct overview of currently defined causes of nonsyndromic RTSH, their differential diagnoses (autoimmune; partial iodine organification defects; syndromic forms of RTSH) and implications for the clinical approach to patients with RTSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Grasberger
- University of Michigan, 6504 MSRB I, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- The University of Chicago, MC3090, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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14
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Porreca I, D’Angelo F, De Franceschi L, Mattè A, Ceccarelli M, Iolascon A, Zamò A, Russo F, Ravo M, Tarallo R, Scarfò M, Weisz A, De Felice M, Mallardo M, Ambrosino C. Pesticide toxicogenomics across scales: in vitro transcriptome predicts mechanisms and outcomes of exposure in vivo. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38131. [PMID: 27905518 PMCID: PMC5131489 DOI: 10.1038/srep38131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro Omics analysis (i.e. transcriptome) is suggested to predict in vivo toxicity and adverse effects in humans, although the causal link between high-throughput data and effects in vivo is not easily established. Indeed, the chemical-organism interaction can involve processes, such as adaptation, not established in cell cultures. Starting from this consideration we investigate the transcriptomic response of immortalized thyrocytes to ethylenthiourea and chlorpyrifos. In vitro data revealed specific and common genes/mechanisms of toxicity, controlling the proliferation/survival of the thyrocytes and unrelated hematopoietic cell lineages. These results were phenotypically confirmed in vivo by the reduction of circulating T4 hormone and the development of pancytopenia after long exposure. Our data imply that in vitro toxicogenomics is a powerful tool in predicting adverse effects in vivo, experimentally confirming the vision described as Tox21c (Toxicity Testing in the 21st century) although not fully recapitulating the biocomplexity of a living animal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fulvio D’Angelo
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona-AOUI Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.Le L. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mattè
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona-AOUI Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.Le L. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto Zamò
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona-AOUI Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.Le L. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Filomena Russo
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Maria Ravo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Schola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Schola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marzia Scarfò
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Schola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Mallardo
- Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II Napoli, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
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15
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Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Chiamolera MI, Pazos-Moura CC, Wondisford FE. Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1387-428. [PMID: 27347897 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis determines the set point of thyroid hormone (TH) production. Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates the synthesis and secretion of pituitary thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH), which acts at the thyroid to stimulate all steps of TH biosynthesis and secretion. The THs thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) control the secretion of TRH and TSH by negative feedback to maintain physiological levels of the main hormones of the HPT axis. Reduction of circulating TH levels due to primary thyroid failure results in increased TRH and TSH production, whereas the opposite occurs when circulating THs are in excess. Other neural, humoral, and local factors modulate the HPT axis and, in specific situations, determine alterations in the physiological function of the axis. The roles of THs are vital to nervous system development, linear growth, energetic metabolism, and thermogenesis. THs also regulate the hepatic metabolism of nutrients, fluid balance and the cardiovascular system. In cells, TH actions are mediated mainly by nuclear TH receptors (210), which modify gene expression. T3 is the preferred ligand of THR, whereas T4, the serum concentration of which is 100-fold higher than that of T3, undergoes extra-thyroidal conversion to T3. This conversion is catalyzed by 5'-deiodinases (D1 and D2), which are TH-activating enzymes. T4 can also be inactivated by conversion to reverse T3, which has very low affinity for THR, by 5-deiodinase (D3). The regulation of deiodinases, particularly D2, and TH transporters at the cell membrane control T3 availability, which is fundamental for TH action. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1387-1428, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania M Ortiga-Carvalho
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria I Chiamolera
- Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen C Pazos-Moura
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fredic E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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16
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Abstract
Thyroid dysgenesis (TD) is the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient regions and includes a spectrum of developmental anomalies. The genetic components of TD are complex. Although a sporadic disease, advances in developmental biology have revealed monogenetic forms of TD. Inheritance is not based on a simple Mendelian pattern and additional genetic elements might contribute to the phenotypic spectrum. This article summarizes the key steps of normal thyroid development and provides an update on responsible genes and underlying mechanisms of TD. Up-to-date technologies in genetics and biology will allow us to advance in our knowledge of TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Stoupa
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Necker Enfants-Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Inserm U1163, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Dulanjalee Kariyawasam
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Necker Enfants-Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Inserm U1163, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France; Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, 22 rue Mechain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Carré
- Imagine Institute, Inserm U1163, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France; Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, 22 rue Mechain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology Department, Necker Enfants-Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Inserm U1163, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France; Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, 22 rue Mechain, 75014, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.
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17
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Expression of PAX8 Target Genes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156658. [PMID: 27249794 PMCID: PMC4889154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PAX8 is a thyroid-specific transcription factor whose expression is dysregulated in thyroid cancer. A recent study using a conditional knock-out mouse model identified 58 putative PAX8 target genes. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of 11 of these genes in normal and tumoral thyroid tissues from patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). ATP1B1, GPC3, KCNIP3, and PRLR transcript levels in tumor tissues were significantly lower in PTCs than in NT, whereas LCN2, LGALS1 and SCD1 expression was upregulated in PTC compared with NT. Principal component analysis of the expression of the most markedly dysregulated PAX8 target genes was able to discriminate between PTC and NT. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess levels of proteins encoded by the two most dyregulated PAX8 target genes, LCN2 and GPC3. Interestingly, GPC3 was detectable in all of the NT samples but none of the PTC samples. Collectively, these findings point to significant PTC-associated dysregulation of several PAX8 target genes, supporting the notion that PAX8-regulated molecular cascades play important roles during thyroid tumorigenesis.
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18
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Srichomkwun P, Admoni O, Refetoff S, de Vries L. A Novel Mutation (S54C) of the PAX8 Gene in a Family with Congenital Hypothyroidism and a High Proportion of Affected Individuals. Horm Res Paediatr 2016; 86:137-142. [PMID: 27207603 PMCID: PMC5061635 DOI: 10.1159/000445891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a common endocrine disorder in newborns. The cause of CH is thyroid dysgenesis in 80-85% of patients. Paired box gene 8 (PAX8) is a thyroid transcription factor that plays an important role in thyroid organogenesis and development. To date, 22 different PAX8 gene mutations have been reported. METHODS Four generations of a Hungarian Jewish family were affected, and in the 3 generations studied, 9 males and 4 females were affected and 3 first-degree relatives were unaffected. Six were diagnosed at birth [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level 59-442 mU/l] and 7 at 2-48 years of age (TSH level 6-223 mU/l). One affected patient had thyroid hemiagenesis on ultrasound. RESULTS Direct sequencing of the PAX8 gene revealed a novel single nucleotide substitution (c.162 A>T) in exon 2 that resulted in the substitution of the normal serine 54 with a cysteine (S54C), which segregated with elevated serum TSH levels. Other mutations of the same amino acid (S54G and S54R) have also been shown to produce functional impairment. CONCLUSION We report a large family with a novel mutation in the PAX8 gene presenting with variable phenotype and with a high proportion of affected family members.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Osnat Admoni
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,Department of Pediatrics and the Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Liat de Vries
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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