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Achilla C, Chorti A, Papavramidis T, Angelis L, Chatzikyriakidou A. Genetic and Epigenetic Association of FOXP3 with Papillary Thyroid Cancer Predisposition. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7161. [PMID: 39000267 PMCID: PMC11241224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid malignancy with an increased female incidence ratio. The specific traits of X chromosome inheritance may be implicated in gender differences of PTC predisposition. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of two X-linked genes, Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3) and Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Subunit 3F (PPP1R3F), with PTC predisposition and gender disparity. One hundred thirty-six patients with PTC and an equal number of matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Genotyping for rs3761548 (FOXP3) and rs5953283 (PPP1R3F) was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP). The methylation status of FOXP3 was assessed using the combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) method. The SPSS software was used for statistical analyses. Gender stratification analysis revealed that the CA and AA genotypes and the A allele of FOXP3 rs3761548 variant are associated with PTC predisposition only in females. Moreover, different methylation status was observed up to the promoter locus of FOXP3 between PTC female patients, carrying the CA and CC genotype, and controls. Both revealed associations may explain the higher PTC incidence in females through reducing FOXP3 expression as reported in immune related blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charoula Achilla
- Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angeliki Chorti
- First Propedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodosios Papavramidis
- First Propedeutic Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lefteris Angelis
- School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anthoula Chatzikyriakidou
- Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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2
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Gong R, Wang J, Xing Y, Wang J, Chen X, Lei K, Yu Q, Zhao C, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang H, Ren H. Expression landscape of cancer-FOXP3 and its prognostic value in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216838. [PMID: 38561039 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
FOXP3, a key identifier of Treg, has also been identified in tumor cells, which is referred to as cancer-FOXP3 (c-FOXP3). Human c-FOXP3 undergoes multiple alternative splicing events, generating several isoforms, like c-FOXP3FL and c-FOXP3Δ3. Previous research on c-FOXP3 often ignore its cellular source (immune or tumor cells) and isoform expression patterns, which may obscure our understanding of its clinical significance. Our immunohistochemistry investigations which conducted across 18 tumors using validated c-FOXP3 antibodies revealed distinct expression landscapes for c-FOXP3 and its variants, with the majority of tumors exhibited a predominantly expression of c-FOXP3Δ3. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we further discovered a potential link between nuclear c-FOXP3Δ3 in tumor cells and poor prognosis. Overexpression of c-FOXP3Δ3 in tumor cells was associated with metastasis. This work elucidates the expression pattern of c-FOXP3 in pan-cancer and indicates its potential as a prognostic biomarker in clinical settings, offering new perspectives for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Gong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Pancreatic Diseases, Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yihai Xing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Pancreatic Diseases, Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Xianghan Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Pancreatic Diseases, Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ke Lei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Pancreatic Diseases, Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Pancreatic Diseases, Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Pancreatic Diseases, Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yuxing Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Pancreatic Diseases, Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - He Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Pancreatic Diseases, Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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3
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Cao W, He Y, Lan J, Luo S, Sun B, Xiao C, Yu W, Zeng Z, Lei S. FOXP3 promote the progression of glioblastoma via inhibiting ferroptosis mediated by linc00857/miR-1290/GPX4 axis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:239. [PMID: 38561331 PMCID: PMC10984987 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The oncogenic properties of members belonging to the forkhead box (FOX) family have been extensively documented in different types of cancers. In this study, our objective was to investigate the impact of FOXP3 on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells. By conducting a screen using a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) library, we discovered a significant association between FOXP3 and ferroptosis in GBM cells. Furthermore, we observed elevated levels of FOXP3 in both GBM tissues and cell lines, which correlated with a poorer prognosis. FOXP3 was found to promote the proliferation of GBM cells by inhibiting cell ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, FOXP3 not only directly upregulated the transcription of GPX4, but also attenuated the degradation of GPX4 mRNA through the linc00857/miR-1290 axis, thereby suppressing ferroptosis and promoting proliferation. Additionally, the FOXP3 inhibitor epirubicin exhibited the ability to impede proliferation and induce ferroptosis in GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our study provided evidences that FOXP3 facilitates the progression of glioblastoma by inhibiting ferroptosis via the linc00857/miR-1290/GPX4 axis, highlighting FOXP3 as a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Cao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China.
| | - Ya He
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Jinzhi Lan
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Shipeng Luo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Baofei Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Chaolun Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, China
| | - Zhirui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China.
| | - Shan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China.
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Huang H, Liang X, Wu W, Yuan T, Chen Z, Wang L, Wu Z, Zhang T, Yang K, Wen K. FOXP3-regulated lncRNA NONHSAT136151 promotes colorectal cancer progression by disrupting QKI interaction with target mRNAs. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18068. [PMID: 38041531 PMCID: PMC10826441 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC), has repeatedly been demonstrated. However, very few lncRNAs have been well annotated functionally. Our study identified a novel lncRNA upregulated in CRC, NONHSAT136151, which was correlated with clinical progression. In functional assays, NONHSAT136151 significantly enhanced CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, NONHSAT136151 interacted with RNA-binding protein (RBP) QKI (Quaking) to interfere with QKI binding to target mRNAs and regulate their expression. As well, FOXP3 may be causally related to the dysregulation of NONHSAT136151 in CRC cells through its transcriptional activity. In conclusion, our findings identified a novel lncRNA regulated by FOXP3 participates in CRC progression through interacting with QKI, indicating a novel lncRNA-RBP interaction mechanism is involved in CRC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handong Huang
- Soochow University Medical CollegeSuzhouJiangsuChina
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Xiaoxiang Liang
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Weizheng Wu
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Zhengquan Chen
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Kunming Wen
- Soochow University Medical CollegeSuzhouJiangsuChina
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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5
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Song M, Liu Q, Sun W, Zhang H. Crosstalk between Thyroid Carcinoma and Tumor-Correlated Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2863. [PMID: 37345200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy in the endocrine system. Although most TC can achieve a desirable prognosis, some refractory thyroid carcinomas, including radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer, as well as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, face a myriad of difficulties in clinical treatment. These types of tumors contribute to the majority of TC deaths due to limited initial therapy, recurrence, and metastasis of the tumor and tumor resistance to current clinically targeted drugs, which ultimately lead to treatment failure. At present, a growing number of studies have demonstrated crosstalk between TC and tumor-associated immune cells, which affects tumor deterioration and metastasis through distinct signal transduction or receptor activation. Current immunotherapy focuses primarily on cutting off the interaction between tumor cells and immune cells. Since the advent of immunotherapy, scholars have discovered targets for TC immunotherapy, which also provides new strategies for TC treatment. This review methodically and intensively summarizes the current understanding and mechanism of the crosstalk between distinct types of TC and immune cells, as well as potential immunotherapy strategies and clinical research results in the area of the tumor immune microenvironment. We aim to explore the current research advances to formulate better individualized treatment strategies for TC patients and to provide clues and references for the study of potential immune checkpoints and the development of immunotherapy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Song
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
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6
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Malla R, Adem M, Chakraborty A. Complexity and diversity of FOXP3 isoforms: Novel insights into the regulation of the immune response in metastatic breast cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110015. [PMID: 36931171 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
FOXP3 is a key transcription factor in the regulation of immune responses, and recent studies have uncovered the complexity and diversity of FOXP3 isoforms in various cancers, including metastatic breast cancers (mBCs). It has dual role in the tumor microenvironment of mBCs. This review aims to provide novel insights into the complexity and diversity of FOXP3 isoforms in the regulation of the immune response in breast cancer. We discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of FOXP3 isoforms, including their interaction with other proteins, regulation of gene expression, and impact on the immune system. We also highlight the importance of understanding the role of FOXP3 isoforms in breast cancer and the potential for using them as therapeutic targets. This review highlights the crucial role of FOXP3 isoforms in the regulation of the immune response in breast cancer and underscores the need for further research to fully comprehend their complex and diverse functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- RamaRao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Meghapriya Adem
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidhyalayam, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- Radiation Biology Laboratory, UGC-DAE-CSR, Kolkata Centere, Kolkata 700098, West Bengal, India
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7
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Wang J, Gong R, Zhao C, Lei K, Sun X, Ren H. Human FOXP3 and tumour microenvironment. Immunology 2023; 168:248-255. [PMID: 35689826 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is a complex system composed of cancer cells, stromal cells and immune cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the TME impede immune surveillance of tumours and suppress antitumor immune responses. Transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) is the main marker of Tregs, which dominates the function of Tregs. FOXP3 was originally thought to be a Tregs-specific expression molecule, and recent studies have found that FOXP3 is expressed in a variety of tumours with inconsistent functional roles. This review summarizes the recent progress of infiltrating Treg-FOXP3 and tumour-FOXP3 in TME, discusses the communication mechanism between FOXP3+ cells and effector T cells in TME, the relationship between FOXP3 and clinical prognosis, and the potential of FOXP3-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Qingdao Medical School, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ruining Gong
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Lei
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - He Ren
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
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Garcia-Becerra N, Aguila-Estrada MU, Palafox-Mariscal LA, Hernandez-Flores G, Aguilar-Lemarroy A, Jave-Suarez LF. FOXP3 Isoforms Expression in Cervical Cancer: Evidence about the Cancer-Related Properties of FOXP3Δ2Δ7 in Keratinocytes. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020347. [PMID: 36672296 PMCID: PMC9856939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common type of cancer among women; the main predisposing factor is persistent infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV), mainly the 16 or 18 genotypes. Both hr-HPVs are known to manipulate the cellular machinery and the immune system to favor cell transformation. FOXP3, a critical transcription factor involved in the biology of regulatory T cells, has been detected as highly expressed in the tumor cells of CC patients. However, its biological role in CC, particularly in the keratinocytes, remained unclarified. Therefore, this work aimed to uncover the effect of FOXP3 on the biology of the tumoral cells. First, public databases were analyzed to identify the FOXP3 expression levels and the transcribed isoforms in CC and normal tissue samples. The study's findings demonstrated an increased expression of FOXP3 in HPV16+ CC samples. Additionally, the FOXP3Δ2 variant was detected as the most frequent splicing isoform in tumoral cells, with a high differential expression level in metastatic samples. However, the analysis of FOXP3 expression in different CC cell lines, HPV+ and HPV-, suggests no relationship between the presence of HPV and FOXP3 expression. Since the variant FOXP3Δ2Δ7 was found highly expressed in the HPV16+ SiHa cell line, a model with constitutive expression of FOXP3Δ2Δ7 was established to evaluate its role in proliferation, migration, and cell division. Finally, RNAseq was performed to identify differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways modulated by FOXP3Δ2Δ7. The exogenous expression of FOXP3Δ2Δ7 promotes cell division, proliferation, and migration. The transcriptomic analyses highlight the upregulation of multiple genes with protumor activities. Moreover, immunological and oncogenic pathways were detected as highly enriched. These data support the hypothesis that FOXP3Δ2Δ7 in epithelial cells induces cancer-related hallmarks and provides information about the molecular events triggered by this isoform, which could be important for developing CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garcia-Becerra
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Marco Ulises Aguila-Estrada
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Luis Arturo Palafox-Mariscal
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Georgina Hernandez-Flores
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Adriana Aguilar-Lemarroy
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.A.-L.); (L.F.J.-S.)
| | - Luis Felipe Jave-Suarez
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.A.-L.); (L.F.J.-S.)
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Gong Z, Jia H, Xue L, Li D, Zeng X, Wei M, Liu Z, Tong MCF, Chen GG. The emerging role of transcription factor FOXP3 in thyroid cancer. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:421-429. [PMID: 34463908 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor FOXP3 is a crucial regulator in the development and function of regulatory T cells (Treg) that are essential for immunological tolerance and homeostasis. Numerous studies have indicated the correlation of tumor infiltrating FOXP3+ Treg upregulation with poor prognostic parameters in thyroid cancer, including lymph node metastases, extrathyroidal extension, and multifocality. Most immune-checkpoint molecules are expressed in Treg. The blockage of such signals with checkpoint inhibitors has been approved for several solid tumors, but not yet for thyroid cancer. Thyroid abnormalities may be induced by checkpoint inhibitors. For example, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, painless thyroiditis, or even thyroid storm are more frequently associated with anti-PD-1 antibodies (pembrolizumab and nivolumab). Therefore, Targeting FOXP3+ Treg may have impacts on checkpoint molecules and the growth of thyroid cancer. Several factors may impact the role and stability of FOXP3, such as alternative RNA splicing, mutations, and post-translational modification. In addition, the role of FOXP3+ Treg in the tumor microenvironment is also affected by the complex regulatory network formed by FOXP3 and its transcriptional partners. Here we discussed how the expression and function of FOXP3 were regulated and how FOXP3 interacted with its targets in Treg, aiming to help the development of FOXP3 as a potential therapeutic target for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqin Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingbin Xue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongcai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT & Longgang, ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT & Longgang, ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minghui Wei
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Michael C F Tong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - George G Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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10
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Qiu W, Wu X, Shi H, Liu B, Li L, Wu W, Lin J. ASF1B: A Possible Prognostic Marker, Therapeutic Target, and Predictor of Immunotherapy in Male Thyroid Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:678025. [PMID: 35174076 PMCID: PMC8841667 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.678025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common malignant endocrine tumor worldwide. Several studies have documented that male patients with TC have a higher rate of metastasis and disease recurrence than female patients. However, the mechanism underlying this observation is not completely clear. The goal of our research was to investigate the potential key candidate genes and pathways related to TC progression in male patients at the molecular level. Methods A total of 320 samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. Hub genes were screened out using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Survival analysis was used to identify hub genes associated with disease-free survival (DFS) rates. Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression (ESTIMATE) data were used to assess the relationship between hub genes and immune cell infiltration. The molecular mechanism and biological functions of hub genes were explored using RT-qPCR, Western blot, Cell Counting Kit-8 Assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assays, and scratch assays. Results Forty-seven hub genes were identified, and the survival analysis demonstrated that anti-silencing function 1B (ASF1B) was the sole independent risk factor for poor DFS in male TC patients. Possible associations between the results from the ESTIMATE analysis showed that the ASF1B expression level was related to the ESTIMATE score, immune score, and T-cell regulatory (Treg) infiltration level. Through in vitro cell function experiments, we verified that knockdown of ASF1B inhibited KTC-1 cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and blocked cell cycle. The silencing of ASF1B reduced protein kinase B (AKT), phospho-AKT (p-AKT), and forkhead box p3 (FOXP3) in KTC-1 cells. Moreover, FOXP3 overexpression markedly restored the cell migration, invasion, and proliferation abilities repressed by ASF1B knockdown. Conclusions Our results indicate that ASF1B can be considered a prognostic marker, therapeutic target, and predictor of immunotherapy response in male thyroid cancer patients. However, further in-depth studies are required to validate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinquan Wu
- *Correspondence: Xinquan Wu, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-0779-8708
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11
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Sadaf, Akhter N, Alharbi RA, Sindi AAA, Najm MZ, Alhumaydhi FA, Khan MA, Deo SVS, Husain SA. Epigenetic Alteration and its Association With Downregulated FOXP3 Gene in Indian Breast Cancer Patients. Front Genet 2021; 12:781400. [PMID: 34938323 PMCID: PMC8686762 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.781400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:FOXP3 gene, known to be a potential tumor suppressor, has been identified to interact with HER2 in mammary cancer. Moreover, the high expression of FOXP3 serves as a good predictor of the survival of patients in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and gastric cancer. The expression and epigenetic alterations were evaluated in female breast cancer patients. Material and Methods: Expression studies at the mRNA level and protein level were conducted in 140 breast cancer cases by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Epigenetic studies were also conducted by analyzing the methylation status at the promoter region of the gene using MS-PCR. Results:FOXP3 mRNA expression and protein expression were downregulated in breast cancer patients. The absence of FOXP3 protein expression is significantly associated with promoter methylation, where 70 methylated cases exhibited protein loss (70/95, 73.6%). Statistically, we also found a significant correlation between FOXP3 protein expression and TNM stage, promoter methylation, and histological grade. The methylated FOXP3 cases that did not express protein were also significantly associated with positive lymph node metastasis and HER-2 status. Conclusion: The expression profile of FOXP3 may serve as a prognostic factor. In short, FOXP3 may stand in the most crucial list of biomarkers for breast cancer, bringing compelling results in terms of treatment and management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Raed A Alharbi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed A A Sindi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - S V S Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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12
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Bao L, Xu T, Lu X, Huang P, Pan Z, Ge M. Metabolic Reprogramming of Thyroid Cancer Cells and Crosstalk in Their Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:773028. [PMID: 34926283 PMCID: PMC8674491 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.773028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism differs significantly between tumor and normal cells. Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and metabolic interplay in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are important for tumor formation and progression. Tumor cells show changes in both catabolism and anabolism. Altered aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect, is a well-recognized characteristic of tumor cell energy metabolism. Compared with normal cells, tumor cells consume more glucose and glutamine. The enhanced anabolism in tumor cells includes de novo lipid synthesis as well as protein and nucleic acid synthesis. Although these forms of energy supply are uneconomical, they are required for the functioning of cancer cells, including those in thyroid cancer (TC). Increasing attention has recently focused on alterations of the TME. Understanding the metabolic changes governing the intricate relationship between TC cells and the TME may provide novel ideas for the treatment of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Bao
- Second Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical School, Hangzhou, China
- ENT-Head & Neck Surgery Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xixuan Lu
- ENT-Head & Neck Surgery Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongfu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minghua Ge
- ENT-Head & Neck Surgery Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Veen LM, Skrabanja TLP, Derks S, de Gruijl TD, Bijlsma MF, van Laarhoven HWM. The role of transforming growth factor β in upper gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 100:102285. [PMID: 34536730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal and gastric malignancies are associated with poor prognosis, in part due to development of recurrences or metastases after curative treatment. The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway might play a role in the development of treatment resistance. In this systematic review, we provide an overview of preclinical studies investigating the role of TGF-β in esophageal and gastric malignancies. We systematically searched MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE for eligible preclinical studies describing the effect of TGF-β or TGF-β inhibition on hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and immune evasion. In total, 2107 records were screened and 45 articles were included, using mouse models and 45 different cell lines. TGF-β failed to induce apoptosis in twelve of sixteen tested cell lines. TGF-β could either decrease (five cell lines) or increase proliferation (seven cell lines) in gastric cancer cells, but had no effect in esophageal cancer cells. In all esophageal and all but two gastric cancer cell lines, TGF-β increased migratory, adhesive and invasive capacities. In vivo studies showed increased metastasis in response to TGF-β treatment. Additionally, TGF-β was shown to induce vascular endothelial growth factor production and differentiation of cancer-associated fibroblasts and regulatory T-cells. In conclusion, we found that TGF-β enhances hallmarks of cancer in most gastric and esophageal cancer cell lines, but not in all. Therefore, targeting the TGF-β pathway could be an attractive strategy in patients with gastric or esophageal cancer, but additional clinical trials are needed to define patient groups who would benefit most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde M Veen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117-1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim L P Skrabanja
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Derks
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117-1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117-1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117-1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Li C, Wang H, Fang H, He C, Pei Y, Gai X. FOXP3 facilitates the invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer cells through regulating VEGF, EMT and the Notch1/Hes1 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:958. [PMID: 34335900 PMCID: PMC8290412 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is a specific marker of regulatory T cells (Tregs) that is also expressed in tumour cells. Previous studies have revealed that FOXP3 can promote metastasis in several types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the underlying mechanism of FOXP3 remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of FOXP3 on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the Notch1/Hes1 pathway in NSCLC. After FOXP3 small interfering RNA (siRNAs) were transfected into A549 cells, the expression of FOXP3 mRNA and protein was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed by Transwell assays. The concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and VEGF in the cell supernatant were evaluated by ELISA. The expression of relevant proteins involved in EMT and Notch1/Hes1 pathway were assessed via western blotting. Additionally, the expression of FOXP3, CD31 and E-cadherin was detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of 55 human NSCLC tissue samples. The results demonstrated that FOXP3 knockdown significantly inhibited the cell migratory and invasive abilities, decreased the concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF, downregulated the protein expression of vimentin, N-cadherin, Notch1 and Hes family BHLH transcription factor 1 (Hes1), and upregulated the protein expression of E-cadherin. Furthermore, FOXP3 expression was positively associated with CD31+ vascular endothelial cells and negatively correlated with E-cadherin in NSCLC tissues. In addition, the Notch1/Hes1 pathway inhibitor DAPT significantly downregulated the expression of FOXP3 in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that FOXP3 may facilitate the invasive and migratory abilities of NSCLC cells via regulating the angiogenic factor VEGF, the EMT and the Notch1/Hes1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Hefei Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xiang Ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory, Chifeng Clinical Medical School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, P.R. China
| | - Chengyuan He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Yijie Pei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Gai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
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15
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Yong F, Wang H, Li C, Jia H. Sevoflurane represses the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by regulating forkhead box protein 3. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211005936. [PMID: 33906525 PMCID: PMC8108091 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211005936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies suggested that sevoflurane exerts anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, and anti-invasive effects on cancer cells. To determine the role of sevoflurane on gastric cancer (GC) progression, we evaluated its effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SGC7901, AGS, and MGC803 GC cells. METHODS GC cells were exposed to different concentrations of sevoflurane (1.7, 3.4, or 5.1% v/v). Cell viability, migration, and invasion were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and Transwell assays. Immunohistochemical staining and immunoblotting were performed to analyze forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) protein expression in tissue specimens and cell lines, respectively. RESULTS FOXP3 was downregulated in human GC specimens and cell lines. Functionally, FOXP3 overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells and accelerated their apoptosis. Moreover, sevoflurane significantly blocked GC cell migration and invasion compared with the findings in the control group. However, FOXP3 silencing neutralized sevoflurane-induced apoptosis and the inhibition of GC cell migration and invasion. Sevoflurane-induced apoptosis and the suppression of migration and invasion might be associated with FOXP3 overactivation in GC cells. CONCLUSIONS Sevoflurane activated FOXP3 and prevented GC progression via inhibiting cell migration and invasion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hemei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Huiqun Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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16
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Gong Z, Jia H, Yu J, Liu Y, Ren J, Yang S, Hu B, Liu L, Lai PBS, Chen GG. Nuclear FOXP3 inhibits tumor growth and induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting c-Myc. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:97. [PMID: 33116119 PMCID: PMC7595121 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The status of FOXP3 and its isoforms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the expression and function of FOXP3 and its isoforms in HCC. The study was performed on 84 HCC patients, HCC cell lines and a mouse tumor model. The levels of FOXP3 and its isoforms were determined by nested PCR, quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The correlation between their levels and clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed. The full length of FOXP3 (FOXP3) and exon 3-deleted FOXP3 (FOXP3Δ3) were found to be the major isoforms in HCC. The levels of FOXP3Δ3 mRNA and protein in HCC tumor samples were not significantly different from their adjacent normal tissues. The high expression of FOXP3 protein in HCC patients showed a good overall survival. The overexpression of FOXP3 significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The immunofluorescence result indicated that FOXP3 needed to be translocated into the nucleus to exert its inhibitory function. The luciferase assay demonstrated that FOXP3 could be synergistic with Smad2/3/4 to inhibit the oncogene c-Myc. The co-immunoprecipitation results further revealed that FOXP3 could interact with Smad2/3/4. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that both FOXP3 and Smad2/3/4 bound the promoter of the c-Myc to inhibit it. The in vivo mouse tumor model study confirmed the inhibitory effect of FOXP3. Collectively, the expression of tumor FOXP3 can inhibit the growth of HCC via suppressing c-Myc directly or indirectly via interacting with Smad2/3/4. Therefore, FOXP3 is a tumor suppressor in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqin Gong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianqing Yu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524025, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwei Ren
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengli Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Baoguang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 524000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Paul B S Lai
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - George Gong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Zhang H, Chen Y, Liao W, Wang L, Xie X, Fei R, Wang X, Mei M, Wei L, Chen H. FOXP3 expression in FOXP3 + tumor cells promotes hepatocellular cells metastasis. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:5868-5881. [PMID: 35117200 PMCID: PMC8798590 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forkhead transcription factor 3 (FOXP3) is a key molecule for the development of regulatory T cell. Recent studies showed that FOXP3 was also expressed in tumor cells. This study is designed to identify the expression of FOXP3 and its pathogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Through immunohistochemistry, RNA extraction and Real-Time Quantitative PCR, western blot analysis, transwell cell migration assay and invasion assays, and in vivo experiment, we detected FOXP3 expression in HCC and analyzed the expression of tumor metastasis-related genes in HCC cells using female BALB/c-Nude mice. RESULTS The results showed that FOXP3 was expressed in partial HCC tissues samples and cell lines. The distant metastasis rate was remarkably higher in the FOXP3 positive HCCs than that in the negative group. The positive rate of FOXP3 expression in the metastatic HCC was higher than that in primary HCC, and the expression level of FOXP3 was found to increase as the enhancement in the metastatic potential of the cell lines. Furthermore, in HCC cell lines, FOXP3 overexpression can promote the cell metastasis and invasion by regulating MMP-1. The in vivo experiment showed that the proliferation ability of HepG2 cells in nude mice increased significantly after FOXP3 was overexpressed, and the incidence rate of lung metastasis in MHCC97L cells was significantly deceased after knocking down the FOXP3 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that partial HCC tissues and cell lines expressing FOXP3 can promote the metastasis by regulating MMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henghui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | | | - Li Wang
- Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xingwang Xie
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Fei
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lai Wei
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsong Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
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18
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Ding H, Fan GL, Yi YX, Zhang W, Xiong XX, Mahgoub OK. Prognostic Implications of Immune-Related Genes' (IRGs) Signature Models in Cervical Cancer and Endometrial Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:725. [PMID: 32793281 PMCID: PMC7385326 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer and endometrial cancer remain serious threats to women's health. Even though some patients can be treated with surgery plus chemoradiotherapy as a conventional option, the overall efficacy is deemed unsatisfactory. As such, the development for new treatment approaches is truly necessary. In recent years, immunotherapy has been widely used in clinical practice and it is an area of great interest that researchers are keeping attention on. However, a thorough immune-related genes (IRGs) study for cervical cancer and endometrial cancer is still lacking. We therefore aim to make a comprehensive evaluation of IRGs through bioinformatics and large databases, and also investigate the relationship between the two types of cancer. We reviewed the transcriptome RNAs of IRGs and clinical data based on the TCGA database. Survival-associated IRGs in cervical/endometrial cancer were identified using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis for developing an IRG signature model to evaluate the risk of patients. In the end, this model was validated based on the enrichment analyses through GO, KEGG, and GSEA pathways, Kaplan-Meier survival curve, ROC curves, and immune cell infiltration. Our results showed that out of 25/23 survival-associated IRGs for cervical/endometrial cancer, 13/12 warranted further examination by multivariate Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis and were selected to develop an IRGs signature model. As a result, enrichment analyses for high-risk groups indicated main enriched pathways were associated with tumor development and progression, and statistical differences were found between high-risk and low-risk groups as shown by Kaplan-Meier survival curve. This model could be used as an independent measure for risk assessment and was considered relevant to immune cell infiltration, but it had nothing to do with clinicopathological characteristics. In summary, based on comprehensive analysis, we obtained the IRGs signature model in cervical cancer (LTA, TFRC, TYK2, DLL4, CSK, JUND, NFATC4, SBDS, FLT1, IL17RD, IL3RA, SDC1, PLAU) and endometrial cancer (LTA, PSMC4, KAL1, TNF, SBDS, HDGF, LTB, HTR3E, NR2F1, NR3C1, PGR, CBLC), which can effectively evaluate the prognosis and risk of patients and provide justification in immunology for further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Department of Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guan-Lan Fan
- Department of Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue-Xiong Yi
- Department of Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Xing Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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19
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Han L, Dai S, Li Z, Zhang C, Wei S, Zhao R, Zhang H, Zhao L, Shan B. Combination of the natural compound Periplocin and TRAIL induce esophageal squamous cell carcinoma apoptosis in vitro and in vivo: Implication in anticancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:501. [PMID: 31864387 PMCID: PMC6925860 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. With currently available therapies, only 20% ~ 30% patients can survive this disease for more than 5 years. TRAIL, a natural ligand for death receptors that can induce the apoptosis of cancer cells, has been explored as a therapeutic agent for cancers, but it has been reported that many cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL, limiting the potential clinical use of TRAIL as a cancer therapy. Meanwhile, Periplocin (CPP), a natural compound from dry root of Periploca sepium Bge, has been studied for its anti-cancer activity in a variety of cancers. It is not clear whether CPP and TRAIL can have activity on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells, or whether the combination of these two agents can have synergistic activity. METHODS We used MTS assay, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay to detect the effects of CPP alone or in combination with TRAIL on ESCC cells. The mechanism of CPP enhances the activity of TRAIL was analyzed by western blot, dual luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. The anti-tumor effects and the potential toxic side effects of CPP alone or in combination with TRAIL were also evaluated in vivo. RESULTS In our studies, we found that CPP alone or in combination with TRAIL could inhibit the proliferation of ESCC cells and induce apoptosis, and we certificated that combination of two agents exert synergized functions. For the first time, we identified FoxP3 as a key transcriptional repressor for both DR4 and DR5. By down-regulating FoxP3, CPP increases the expression of DR4/DR5 and renders ESCC cells much more sensitive to TRAIL. We also showed that CPP reduced the expression of Survivin by inhibiting the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. All these contributed to synergistic activity of CPP and TRAIL on ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CPP and TRAIL could be further explored as potential therapeutic approach for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Han
- Research Centre, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12# Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Suli Dai
- Research Centre, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12# Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Zhirong Li
- Research Centre, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12# Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Research Centre, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12# Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Sisi Wei
- Research Centre, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12# Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Ruinian Zhao
- Research Centre, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12# Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Research Centre, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12# Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
| | - Baoen Shan
- Research Centre, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12# Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
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20
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Kim JH, Hwang J, Jung JH, Lee HJ, Lee DY, Kim SH. Molecular networks of FOXP family: dual biologic functions, interplay with other molecules and clinical implications in cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:180. [PMID: 31815635 PMCID: PMC6900861 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Though Forkhead box P (FOXP) transcription factors comprising of FOXP1, FOXP2, FOXP3 and FOXP4 are involved in the embryonic development, immune disorders and cancer progression, the underlying function of FOXP3 targeting CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and the dual roles of FOXP proteins as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor are unclear and controversial in cancers to date. Thus, the present review highlighted research history, dual roles of FOXP proteins as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene, their molecular networks with other proteins and noncoding RNAs, cellular immunotherapy targeting FOXP3, and clinical implications in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ha Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisung Hwang
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Eumseong, 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Oh E, Hong J, Yun CO. Regulatory T Cells Induce Metastasis by Increasing Tgf-β and Enhancing the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition. Cells 2019; 8:E1387. [PMID: 31690033 PMCID: PMC6912455 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer; a substantial percentage of patients present with distant metastases. However, the mechanism of metastasis is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the administration of exogenous regulatory T cells (Tregs) into melanoma tumor-bearing mice results in a significant increase in lung metastasis. An increase in the invasive and metastatic phenotype of melanoma was mediated by cell-to-cell contact between melanoma cells and Tregs, which elevated the expression level of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and the subsequent induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).B16-BL6 melanoma tumors co-cultured with Tregs showed a larger population of migrating cells compared to B16-BL6 tumors cultured without Tregs. Additionally, the injection of exogenous Tregs into B16-BL6 melanoma tumors led to the recruitment and infiltration of endogenous Tregs into tumor tissues, thus increasing the overall Treg percentage in the tumor infiltrating lymphocyte population. Collectively, our findings propose novel mechanisms in which exogenous Treg-dependent upregulation of TGF-β and mesenchymal markers is important for augmenting the migration capacity and invasiveness of melanoma, thereby contributing to the metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eonju Oh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - JinWoo Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea.
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22
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Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch Ameliorates Rheumatic Heart Disease by Affecting Relative Percentages of CD4 +CD25 +FoxP3 Treg and CD4 +IL17 T Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:4674190. [PMID: 31379962 PMCID: PMC6662451 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4674190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
(Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch. (SSLK) helps reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) but its effects on rheumatic heart disease (RHD) patients remain unclear. 80 RHD patients were recruited and randomly assigned into SG (to receive SSLK treatment) and CG (to receive placebo) groups, and the intervention lasted for 3 months. The following cardiac indexes were measured, including mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP), blood lactate, fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitation, and chest pain. ELISA kits were used to analyze creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), serum troponin T (cTnT), CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Relative percentages of CD4+CD25+FoxP3 regulatory (Treg) and CD4+IL-17 T cells were measured using flow cytometry. After 3-month therapy, SSLK intervention improved MAP, HR, CVP, fatigue, palpitation, and shortness breath of CHD patients, reduced the levels of blood lactate, CK-MB, cTnT, CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, and increased SOD level (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, SSLK treatment increased the percentages of CD4+CD25+FoxP3 Treg cells and reduced relative percentages of CD4+IL-17 T cells in a dose-dependent way (p < 0.05). Relative percentage of CD4+CD25+FoxP3 Treg cells had negative relationship while CD4+IL17 T cells had positive relationship with CK-MB, cTnT, CRP, and TNF-a (p < 0.01). SSLK ameliorated RHD by affecting the balance of CD4+CD25+FoxP3 Treg and CD4+IL17 T cells.
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23
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Jia H, Qi H, Gong Z, Yang S, Ren J, Liu Y, Li MY, Chen GG. The expression of FOXP3 and its role in human cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:170-178. [PMID: 30630091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
FOXP3 is a transcription factor, which belongs to the family of FOX protein. FOXP3 was initially discovered in regulatory T cells and supposed to play a significant role in the process of regulatory T cell differentiation. Increasing evidence has shown that FOXP3 is also expressed in tumor cells. However, the results of tumor FOXP3 is inconsistent and even the opposite. In some types of human cancers, the expression of FOXP3 is upregulated, and it can promote the development of cancers, leading to a poor prognosis. While in some other types of cancers, it is a different story. The reason for the contradictory data is unknown. The discovery of FOXP3 isoforms, interaction between tumor cells and lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment, subcellular location, and mutation of FOXP3 may provide some clues. In this review, we first summarize and analyze the recent development. The final section focuses on the regulation of FOXP3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Haolong Qi
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhongqin Gong
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shucai Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianwei Ren
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ming-Yue Li
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - George Gong Chen
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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24
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Ferrandino F, Grazioli P, Bellavia D, Campese AF, Screpanti I, Felli MP. Notch and NF-κB: Coach and Players of Regulatory T-Cell Response in Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2165. [PMID: 30364244 PMCID: PMC6193072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays multiple roles in driving T-cell fate decisions, proliferation, and aberrant growth. NF-κB is a cell-context key player interconnected with Notch signaling either in physiological or in pathological conditions. This review focuses on how the multilayered crosstalk between different Notches and NF-κB subunits may converge on Foxp3 gene regulation and orchestrate CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cell function, particularly in a tumor microenvironment. Notably, Treg cells may play a pivotal role in the inhibition of antitumor immune responses, possibly promoting tumor growth. A future challenge is represented by further dissection of both Notch and NF-κB pathways and consequences of their intersection in tumor-associated Treg biology. This may shed light on the molecular mechanisms regulating Treg cell expansion and migration to peripheral lymphoid organs thought to facilitate tumor development and still to be explored. In so doing, new opportunities for combined and/or more selective therapeutic approaches to improve anticancer immunity may be found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Grazioli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Bellavia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Pia Felli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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25
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Yonekura S, Itoh M, Shiratori E, Ohtaka M, Tohda S. FOXP3 knockdown inhibits the proliferation and reduces NOTCH1 expression of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:582. [PMID: 30103821 PMCID: PMC6090594 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is a master transcriptional factor of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Recent studies have shown that FOXP3 is associated with growth inhibition of cancer cells. However, the role of FOXP3 in acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells is not known. It was also reported that NOTCH signaling promoted the expression of FOXP3 in Tregs. However, the effect of FOXP3 on NOTCH expression in T-ALL cells is little known. Therefore, we examined the effect of FOXP3 knockdown on the proliferation of T-ALL cells and NOTCH1 signaling. RESULTS Two T-ALL cell lines Jurkat and KOPT-K1, harboring activating NOTCH1 mutations, were transfected with small interfering RNA against FOXP3. Cell growth was assessed with a colorimetric assay and morphology was observed under a microscope. FOXP3 knockdown significantly reduced cell growth and induced morphological changes suggesting apoptosis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that FOXP3 knockdown caused the downregulation of mRNA expression of NOTCH1 and HES1. These findings suggest that FOXP3 supports the growth of T-ALL cells although this can not be generalized because we examined only two cell lines. The observed growth suppression can be partly due to the downregulation of NOTCH1 signaling. FOXP3 may be a potential therapeutic target in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yonekura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mai Itoh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Erika Shiratori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mika Ohtaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shuji Tohda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
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26
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MicroRNA-125b Interacts with Foxp3 to Induce Autophagy in Thyroid Cancer. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2295-2303. [PMID: 30005868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing in incidence worldwide. Although most thyroid cancer can be cured with surgery, radioactive iodine, and/or chemotherapy, thyroid cancers still recur and may become chemoresistant. Autophagy is a complex self-degradative process that plays a dual role in cancer development and progression. In this study, we found that miR-125b was downregulated in tissue samples of thyroid cancer as well as in thyroid cancer cell lines, and the expression of Foxp3 was upregulated. Further, we demonstrated that miR-125b could directly act on Foxp3 by binding to its 3' UTR and inhibit the expression of Foxp3. A negative relationship between miR-125b and Foxp3 was thus revealed. Overexpression of miR-125b markedly sensitized thyroid cancer cells to cisplatin treatment by inducing autophagy through an Atg7 pathway in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which miR-125b has the potential to negatively regulate Foxp3 to promote autophagy and enhance the efficacy of cisplatin in thyroid cancer. miR-125 may be of therapeutic significance in thyroid cancer.
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27
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Li C, Sun L, Jiang R, Wang P, Xue H, Zhan Y, Gai X. Downregulation of FOXP3 inhibits cell proliferation and enhances chemosensitivity to cisplatin in human lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:1251-1256. [PMID: 28935177 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to investigate the biological role of FOXP3 expression in human lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) tissues and evaluate its involvement in cell proliferation and chemosensitivity to cisplatin in LAD cells. Paraffin-embedded tissues from 50 LAD patients were collected to detect FOXP3 and Ki-67 expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Downregulation of FOXP3 in A549 cells was performed using siRNA transfection. Real-time PCR or western blot assay was performed to analyze FOXP3 expression in A549 cells. Cell proliferation and cisplatin cytotoxicity test were assessed by CCK-8 assay. The expression of FOXP3 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage of LAD patients. The FOXP3 expression was positively correlated with Ki-67 labelling index(LI)in LAD tissues. The downregulated expression of FOXP3 by siRNA transfection significantly inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced chemosensitivity to cisplatin in A549 cells. The expression of FOXP3 was significantly upregulated following cisplatin treatment in A549 cells. Our study indicates that FOXP3 may potentially be a novel molecular target in combating drug resistance in the chemotherapy of LAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Biology and Chemistry, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Biology and Chemistry, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, People's Republic of China
| | - Haogang Xue
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Zhan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Gai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, People's Republic of China.
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Wang J, Li W, Zhao Y, Kang D, Fu W, Zheng X, Pang X, Du G. Members of FOX family could be drug targets of cancers. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 181:183-196. [PMID: 28830838 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
FOX families play important roles in biological processes, including metabolism, development, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and longevity. Here we are focusing on roles of FOX members in cancers, FOX members and drug resistance, FOX members and stem cells. Finally, FOX members as drug targets of cancer treatment were discussed. Future perspectives of FOXC1 research were described in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Wan Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - De Kang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China.
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29
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Yang S, Liu Y, Li MY, Ng CSH, Yang SL, Wang S, Zou C, Dong Y, Du J, Long X, Liu LZ, Wan IYP, Mok T, Underwood MJ, Chen GG. FOXP3 promotes tumor growth and metastasis by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and EMT in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:124. [PMID: 28716029 PMCID: PMC5514503 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of cancer cell FOXP3 in tumorigenesis is conflicting. We aimed to study FOXP3 expression and regulation, function and clinical implication in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods One hundred and six patients with histologically-confirmed NSCLC who underwent surgery were recruited for the study. Tumor samples and NSCLC cell lines were used to examine FOXP3 and its related molecules. Various cell functions related to tumorigenesis were performed. In vivo mouse tumor xenograft was used to confirm the in vitro results. Results NSCLC patients with the high level of FOXP3 had a significant decrease in overall survival and recurrence-free survival. FOXP3 overexpression significantly induced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas its inhibition impaired its oncogenic function. In vivo studies confirmed that FOXP3 promoted tumor growth and metastasis. The ectopic expression of FOXP3 induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) with downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, snail, slug, and MMP9. The oncogenic effects by FOXP3 could be attributed to FOX3-mediated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as FOXP3 increased luciferase activity of Topflash reporter and upregulated Wnt signaling target genes including c-Myc and Cyclin D1 in NSCLC cells. Co-immunoprecipitation results further indicated that FOXP3 could physically interacted with β-catenin and TCF4 to enhance the functions of β-catenin and TCF4, inducing transcription of Wnt target genes to promote cell proliferation, invasion and EMT induction. Conclusions FOXP3 can act as a co-activator to facilitate the Wnt-b-catenin signaling pathway, inducing EMT and tumor growth and metastasis in NSCLC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0700-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucai Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingshan District People's Hospital Of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-Yue Li
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Calvin S H Ng
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheng-Li Yang
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.,Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Clinical Research Centre, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujuan Dong
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Du
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Long
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Zhong Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Innes Y P Wan
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tony Mok
- Department of Clinical Oncology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Malcolm J Underwood
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - George G Chen
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Wang WW, Yuan XL, Chen H, Xie GH, Ma YH, Zheng YX, Zhou YL, Shen LS. CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBregs involved in downregulate helper T cells and upregulate regulatory T cells in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33486-99. [PMID: 26378021 PMCID: PMC4741780 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) play a critical role in inflammation and autoimmune disease. We characterized the role of Bregs in the progression of gastric cancer. We detected an increase in Bregs producing IL-10 both in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in gastric tumors. Multicolor flow cytometry analysis revealed that a subset of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi B cells produces IL-10. Functional studies indicated that increased Bregs do not inhibit the proliferation of CD3+T cells or CD4+ helper T cells (Th cells). However, Bregs do suppress the secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α by CD4+Th cells. CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBregs were also found to correlate positively with CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Neutralization experiments showed that Bregs convert CD4+CD25− effector T cells to CD4+FoxP3+Tregs via TGF-β1. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that increased Bregs play a immunosuppressive role in gastric cancer by inhibiting T cells cytokines as well as conversion to Tregs. These results may provide new clues about the underlying mechanisms of immune escape in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Liang Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo Hua Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hui Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xia Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Lan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Song Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lin SC, Gan ZH, Yao Y, Min DL. The Prognostic Value of Forkhead Box P3 Expression in Operable Breast Cancer: A Large-Scale Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136374. [PMID: 26305693 PMCID: PMC4549287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) protein has a prognostic role in breast cancer. However, these results are controversial. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to clarify the prognostic role of FOXP3 expression in operable breast cancer cases. METHODS Eligible studies describing the use of FOXP3 as a prognostic factor for operable breast cancer cases were identified. Clinicopathological features, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) data were collected from these studies and were analyzed using Stata software. RESULTS A total of 16 articles containing data from 13,217 breast cancer patients met the inclusion criteria established for this study. The subsequent meta-analysis that was performed showed that high levels of FOXP3 are not significantly associated with DFS and OS with significant heterogeneity. An additional subgroup analysis demonstrated that intratumoral FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were positively correlated with adverse clinicopathological parameters, yet they did not show an association with DFS or OS. For tumor cells, the pooled results revealed that FOXP3 is significantly associated with DFS (HR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.23-5.30) but is not associated with clinicopathological parameters or OS. We also observed a significant correlation between FOXP3 expression and survival in the estrogen receptor-positive (ER)+ subgroup (HR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.36-2.47 for DFS, HR: 1.87, 95% CI 1.28-2.73 for OS), in the Asian region (HR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.56-2.50 for DFS, HR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.12-3.35 for OS) and using the median as the FOXP3-positive cut-off value (HR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.57-2.39 for DFS, HR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.36-3.11 for OS). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that a prognostic role for FOXP3 expression in operable breast cancer cases depends on the FOXP3-positive region, ER status, geographic region and the FOXP3-positive cut-off value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Chen Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital East Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Hua Gan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital East Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da Liu Min
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital East Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Ma S, Wang Q, Ma X, Wu L, Guo F, Ji H, Liu F, Zhao Y, Qin G. FoxP3 in papillary thyroid carcinoma induces NIS repression through activation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:989-98. [PMID: 26264613 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is associated with resistance to radioiodine treatment. The sodium iodine symporter (NIS) is a plasma membrane glycoprotein, the repression of which may render the tumor refractive to radioiodine therapy. In this study, samples from 90 PTCs as well as 40 normal thyroid tissues were examined for FoxP3 and NIS by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. We found that FoxP3 was associated with decreased NIS expression. Lentiviral-mediated FoxP3-overexpressing cells were constructed and real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression of NIS. Meanwhile, key members of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) pathway were explored by ELISA and immunofluorescence and a neutralizing TGF-β1 antibody was used to block activity. In vitro, FoxP3 overexpression significantly reduced NIS transcript and protein levels and the TGF-β1 pathway was activated. However, treatment with neutralizing TGF-β1 antibody partially abrogated FoxP3-induced NIS repression. These findings suggest that FoxP3 could compromise NIS expression by inducing TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hongfei Ji
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Kondo Y, Shimosegawa T. Significant roles of regulatory T cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells in hepatitis B virus persistent infection and hepatitis B virus-related HCCs. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3307-22. [PMID: 25654227 PMCID: PMC4346897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system, including type1 helper T cells (Th1 cells), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and dendritic cells (DCs), plays an important role in the control of hepatitis B virus (HBV). On the other hand, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) suppress the immune reaction in HBV and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Excessive activation of immune suppressive cells could contribute to the persistent infection of HBV and the progression of HCC. The frequency and/or function of Tregs could affect the natural course in chronic hepatitis B patients and the treatment response. In addition to the suppressive function of MDSCs, MDSCs could affect the induction and function of Tregs. Therefore, we should understand in detail the mechanism by which Tregs and MDSCs are induced to control HBV persistent infection and HBV-related HCC. Immune suppressive cells, including Tregs and MDSCs, contribute to the difficulty in inducing an effective immune response for HBV persistent infection and HBV-related HCC. In this review, we focus on the Tregs and MDSCs that could be potential targets for immune therapy of chronic hepatitis B and HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuteru Kondo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai City, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai City, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
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Liu M, Feng B, Shi Y, Su C, Song H, Cheng W, Zhao L. Protamine nanoparticles for improving shRNA-mediated anti-cancer effects. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:134. [PMID: 25852425 PMCID: PMC4385308 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Protamine nanoparticles were designed by encapsulating small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-expressing plasmid DNA targeting the Bcl-2 gene (shBcl-2) to silence apoptosis-related Bcl-2 protein for improving the transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity in cancer therapy. Our findings demonstrated that the obtained protamine nanoparticles possessed excellent characterizations of small particle size, homogenous distribution, positive charge, and high encapsulation efficiency of gene. shBcl-2 loaded in nanoparticles (NPs) was protected effectively from the degradation of DNase I and serum. More importantly, it significantly improved the efficiency of transfection of shRNA in vitro in A549 cells and increased its cytotoxicity and induced more cell apoptosis by silencing Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- />School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Feng
- />School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijie Shi
- />School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Su
- />School of Veterinary Medicine, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Song
- />Central Laboratory of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Cheng
- />School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- />School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 People’s Republic of China
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