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Sedlack AJH, Hatfield SJ, Kumar S, Arakawa Y, Roper N, Sun NY, Nilubol N, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Hoang CD, Bergsland EK, Hernandez JM, Pommier Y, del Rivero J. Preclinical Models of Adrenocortical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2873. [PMID: 37296836 PMCID: PMC10251941 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical cancer is an aggressive endocrine malignancy with an incidence of 0.72 to 1.02 per million people/year, and a very poor prognosis with a five-year survival rate of 22%. As an orphan disease, clinical data are scarce, meaning that drug development and mechanistic research depend especially on preclinical models. While a single human ACC cell line was available for the last three decades, over the last five years, many new in vitro and in vivo preclinical models have been generated. Herein, we review both in vitro (cell lines, spheroids, and organoids) and in vivo (xenograft and genetically engineered mouse) models. Striking leaps have been made in terms of the preclinical models of ACC, and there are now several modern models available publicly and in repositories for research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. H. Sedlack
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samual J. Hatfield
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Arakawa
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nitin Roper
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nai-Yun Sun
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naris Nilubol
- Surgical Oncology Program National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80016, USA
| | - Chuong D. Hoang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily K. Bergsland
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jaydira del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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2
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Bornstein S, Shapiro I, Mazumdar A, Zitzmann K, Nölting S, Luca E, Beuschlein F, Sharma A, Hantel C. The Vault Complex Is Significantly Involved in Therapeutic Responsiveness of Endocrine Tumors and Linked to Autophagy under Chemotherapeutic Conditions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061783. [PMID: 36980669 PMCID: PMC10046419 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers display dynamic interactions with their complex microenvironments that influence tumor growth, invasiveness, and immune evasion, thereby also influencing potential resistance to therapeutic treatments. The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes cells of the immune system, the extracellular matrix, blood vessels, and other cell types, such as fibroblasts or adipocytes. Various cell types forming this TME secrete exosomes, and molecules thereby released into the TME have been shown to be important mediators of cellular communication and interplay. Specific stressors in the TME, such as hypoxia, starvation, inflammation, and damage, can furthermore induce autophagy, a fundamental cellular process that degrades and recycles molecules and subcellular components, and recently it has been demonstrated that the small non-coding vault RNA1-1 plays a role as a regulator of autophagy and the coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) network. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that intra-tumoral damage following effective therapeutic treatment is linked to specific intracellular synthesis and subsequent exosomal release of vault RNAs in endocrine tumors in vitro and in vivo. While we observed a subsequent upregulation of autophagic markers under classical chemotherapeutic conditions, a downregulation of autophagy could be detected under conditions strongly involving inflammatory cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bornstein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Igor Shapiro
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alekhya Mazumdar
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Zitzmann
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja Nölting
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Edlira Luca
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-43-253-3008
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3
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Development of Human Adrenocortical Adenoma (HAA1) Cell Line from Zona Reticularis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010584. [PMID: 36614027 PMCID: PMC9820690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The human adrenal cortex is composed of distinct zones that are the main source of steroid hormone production. The mechanism of adrenocortical cell differentiation into several functionally organized populations with distinctive identities remains poorly understood. Human adrenal disease has been difficult to study, in part due to the absence of cultured cell lines that faithfully represent adrenal cell precursors in the early stages of transformation. Here, Human Adrenocortical Adenoma (HAA1) cell line derived from a patient's macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia and was treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) and gene expression was examined. We describe a patient-derived HAA1 cell line derived from the zona reticularis, the innermost zone of the adrenal cortex. The HAA1 cell line is unique in its ability to exit a latent state and respond with steroidogenic gene expression upon treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors. The gene expression pattern of differentiated HAA1 cells partially recreates the roster of genes in the adrenal layer that they have been derived from. Gene ontology analysis of whole genome RNA-seq corroborated increased expression of steroidogenic genes upon HDAC inhibition. Surprisingly, HDACi treatment induced broad activation of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) alpha pathway. This novel cell line we developed will hopefully be instrumental in understanding the molecular and biochemical mechanisms controlling adrenocortical differentiation and steroidogenesis.
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4
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The Proper Administration Sequence of Radiotherapy and Anti-Vascular Agent-DMXAA Is Essential to Inhibit the Growth of Melanoma Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163924. [PMID: 34439079 PMCID: PMC8394873 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs), such as DMXAA, effectively destroy tumor blood vessels and cause the formation of large areas of necrosis in the central parts of the tumors. However, the use of VDAs is associated with hypoxia activation and residues of rim cells on the edge of the tumor that are responsible for tumor regrowth. The aim of the study was to combine DMXAA with radiotherapy (brachytherapy) and find the appropriate administration sequence to obtain the maximum synergistic therapeutic effect. We show that the combination in which tumors were irradiated prior to VDAs administration is more effective in murine melanoma growth inhibition than in either of the agents individually or in reverse combination. For the first time, the significance of immune cells' activation in such a combination is demonstrated. The inhibition of tumor growth is linked to the reduction of tumor blood vessels, the increased infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells and the polarization of macrophages to the cytotoxic M1 phenotype. The reverse combination of therapeutic agents showed no therapeutic effect and even abolished the effect of DMXAA. The combination of brachytherapy and vascular disrupting agent effectively inhibits the growth of melanoma tumors but requires careful planning of the sequence of administration of the agents.
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Shi Y, Wang X, Wang J, Wang X, Zhou H, Zhang L. The dual roles of A20 in cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 511:26-35. [PMID: 33933552 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A20 is a prototypical anti-inflammatory molecule that is linked to multiple human diseases, including cancers. The role of A20 as a tumor suppressor was first discovered in B cell lymphomas. Subsequent studies revealed the dual roles of A20 in solid cancers. This review focuses on the roles of A20 in different cancer types to demonstrate that the effects of A20 are cancer type-dependent. A20 plays antitumor roles in colorectal carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas, whereas A20 acts as an oncogene in breast cancers, gastric cancers and melanomas. Moreover, the roles of A20 in the setting of glioma therapy are context-dependent. The action mechanisms of A20 in different types of cancer are summarized. Additionally, the role of A20 in antitumor immunity is discussed. Furthermore, some open questions in this rapidly advancing field are proposed. Exploration of the actions and molecular mechanisms of A20 in cancer paves the way for the application of A20-targeting approaches in future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Shi
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Huaiyu Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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6
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Smolarczyk R, Czapla J, Jarosz-Biej M, Czerwinski K, Cichoń T. Vascular disrupting agents in cancer therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173692. [PMID: 33130277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor blood vessel formation is a key process for tumor expansion. Tumor vessels are abnormal and differ from normal vessels in architecture and components. Besides oxygen and nutrients supply, the tumor vessels system, due to its abnormality, is responsible for: hypoxia formation, and metastatic routes. Tumor blood vessels can be a target of anti-cancer therapies. There are two types of therapies that target tumor vessels. The first one is the inhibition of the angiogenesis process. However, the inhibition is often ineffective because of alternative angiogenesis mechanism activation. The second type is a specific targeting of existing tumor blood vessels by vascular disruptive agents (VDAs). There are three groups of VDAs: microtubule destabilizing drugs, flavonoids with anti-vascular functions, and tumor vascular targeted drugs based on endothelial cell receptors. However, VDAs possess some limitations. They may be cardiotoxic and their application in therapy may leave viable residual, so called, rim cells on the edge of the tumor. However, it seems that a well-designed combination of VDAs with other anti-cancer drugs may bring a significant therapeutic effect. In this article, we describe three groups of vascular disruptive agents with their advantages and disadvantages. We mention VDAs clinical trials. Finally, we present the current possibilities of VDAs combination with other anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Smolarczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Justyna Czapla
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Jarosz-Biej
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Kyle Czerwinski
- University of Manitoba, Faculty of Science. 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Tomasz Cichoń
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
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7
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Zheng J, Mo J, Zhu T, Zhuo W, Yi Y, Hu S, Yin J, Zhang W, Zhou H, Liu Z. Comprehensive elaboration of the cGAS-STING signaling axis in cancer development and immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:133. [PMID: 32854711 PMCID: PMC7450153 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular recognition of microbial DNA is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which the innate immune system detects pathogens. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its downstream effector, stimulator of interferon genes (STING), are involved in mediating fundamental innate antimicrobial immunity by promoting the release of type I interferons (IFNs) and other inflammatory cytokines. Accumulating evidence suggests that the activation of the cGAS-STING axis is critical for antitumor immunity. The downstream cytokines regulated by cGAS-STING, especially type I IFNs, serve as bridges connecting innate immunity with adaptive immunity. Accordingly, a growing number of studies have focused on the synthesis and screening of STING pathway agonists. However, chronic STING activation may lead to a protumor phenotype in certain malignancies. Hence, the cGAS-STING signaling pathway must be orchestrated properly when STING agonists are used alone or in combination. In this review, we discuss the dichotomous roles of the cGAS-STING pathway in tumor development and the latest advances in the use of STING agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Junluan Mo
- Shenzhen center for chronic disease control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueneng Yi
- Hunan Yineng Biological Medicine Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410205, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Daei Farshchi Adli A, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Seidi K, Farajzadeh D, Behzadi R, Zarghami N. Co-Administration of Vadimezan and Recombinant Coagulase-NGR Inhibits Growth of Melanoma Tumor in Mice. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 11:385-392. [PMID: 33880362 PMCID: PMC8046391 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Tumor vascular targeting appeared as an appealing approach to fight cancer, though, the results from the clinical trials and drugs in the market were proved otherwise. The promise of anti-angiogenic therapy as the leading tumor vascular targeting strategy was negatively affected with the discovery that tumor vascularization can occur non-angiogenic mechanisms such as co-option. An additional strategy is induction of tumor vascular infarction and ischemia. Methods: Such that we used truncated coagulase (tCoa) coupled to tumor endothelial targeting moieties to produce tCoa-NGR fusion proteins. We showed that tCoa-NGR can bypass coagulation cascade to induce selective vascular thrombosis and infarction of mild and highly proliferative solid tumors in mice. Moreover, combination therapy can be used to improve the potential of cancer vascular targeting modalities. Herein, we report combination of tCoa-NGR with vascular disrupting agent (VDA), vadimezan. Results: Our results show that synergistic work of these two agents can significantly suppress growth of B16-F10 melanoma tumors in C57/BL6 mice. Conclusion: For the first time, we used the simultaneous benefits of two strategies for inducing thrombosis and destruction of tumor vasculature as spatial co-operation. The tCoa-NGR induce thrombosis which reduces blood flow in the peripheral tumor region. And combined with the action of DMXAA, which target inner tumor mass, growth and proliferation of melanoma tumors can be significantly suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Daei Farshchi Adli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khaled Seidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Farajzadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramezan Behzadi
- North Research Center, Pasture Institute of Iran, Tehran, Amol, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Shui X, Xie Q, Chen S, Zhou C, Kong J, Wang Y. Identification and functional analysis of long non-coding RNAs in the synovial membrane of osteoarthritis patients. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:460-471. [PMID: 31960487 PMCID: PMC7318166 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common chronic joint disease in the elderly, has become a significant economic burden for families and societies worldwide. Although treatments are continually improving, current drugs only target joint pain, with no effective therapies modifying OA progression. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have received increasing attention in recent years, are abnormally expressed in OA cartilage. In the present study, weighted coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify modules related to certain OA clinical traits. In total, 4404 coding genes and 161 lncRNAs were differentially expressed based on two OA expression profile data sets and normal control samples. Subsequently, 11 independent modules were acquired, and the green module, with a total of 49 hub genes, was identified as the most relevant to OA. These hub genes were validated using the GSE12021 data set. There was only one lncRNA among the hub genes, namely, NONHSAG034351. Thus, we further explored the function of NONHSAG034351‐related genes in the network. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that NONHSAG034351‐associated genes are involved in the response to lipopolysaccharide, angiogenesis, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signalling, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. In conclusion, we identified modules through WGCNA related to OA clinical traits. NONHSAG034351, the only hub‐lncRNA, was downregulated in OA synovial tissue and might play a significant role in the pathological progression of this disease. Our findings have important clinical implications and could provide novel biomarkers that indicate the molecular mechanisms of OA and act as potential therapeutic targets. Significance of this study Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be abnormally expressed in osteoarthritis (OA), which is the most common chronic joint disease among the elderly. In the present study, we report the expression profiles of lncRNAs in OA and the identification of modules through WGCNA related to OA clinical traits. NONHSAG034351, the only hub‐lncRNA identified to be downregulated in the synovial tissue of OA patients, might play a significant role in the pathological progression of OA. Furthermore, our findings provide novel biomarkers associated with the molecular mechanisms underlying OA pathogenesis, thus implying potential therapeutic targets with important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Shui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qipeng Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaomin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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10
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Tevosian SG, Fox SC, Ghayee HK. Molecular Mechanisms of Primary Aldosteronism. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2019; 34:355-366. [PMID: 31884735 PMCID: PMC6935778 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2019.34.4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA) results from excess production of mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone by the adrenal cortex. It is normally caused either by unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) or by bilateral aldosterone excess as a result of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. PA is the most common cause of secondary hypertension and associated morbidity and mortality. While most cases of PA are sporadic, an important insight into this debilitating disease has been derived through investigating the familial forms of the disease that affect only a minor fraction of PA patients. The advent of gene expression profiling has shed light on the genes and intracellular signaling pathways that may play a role in the pathogenesis of these tumors. The genetic basis for several forms of familial PA has been uncovered in recent years although the list is likely to expand. Recently, the work from several laboratories provided evidence for the involvement of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and inflammatory cytokines in APAs; however, their mechanism of action in tumor development and pathophysiology remains to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei G Tevosian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shawna C Fox
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hans K Ghayee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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11
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Pereira SS, Monteiro MP, Antonini SR, Pignatelli D. Apoptosis regulation in adrenocortical carcinoma. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:R91-R104. [PMID: 30978697 PMCID: PMC6510712 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis evading is a hallmark of cancer. Tumor cells are characterized by having an impaired apoptosis signaling, a fact that deregulates the balance between cell death and survival, leading to tumor development, invasion and resistance to treatment. In general, patients with adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) have an extremely bad prognosis, which is related to disease progression and significant resistance to treatments. In this report, we performed an integrative review about the disruption of apoptosis in ACC that may underlie the characteristic poor prognosis in these patients. Although the apoptosis has been scarcely studied in ACC, the majority of the deregulation phenomena already described are anti-apoptotic. Most importantly, in a near future, targeting apoptosis modulation in ACC patients may become a promising therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia S Pereira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Department of Anatomy, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Department of Anatomy, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sonir R Antonini
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Duarte Pignatelli
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital S. João, Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence should be addressed to D Pignatelli:
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12
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Berger G, Marloye M, Lawler SE. Pharmacological Modulation of the STING Pathway for Cancer Immunotherapy. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:412-427. [PMID: 30885429 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy in recent years has shown the potential to revolutionize the treatment of cancer. Unleashing antitumor T cell responses via immune checkpoint blockade has led to remarkable responses in previously untreatable tumors. The master regulator of interferon-mediated antiviral responses - stimulator of interferon genes (STING) - has now emerged as a critical mediator of innate immune sensing of cancer, and is a promising target for local immunostimulation, promoting intratumoral inflammation, and facilitating antitumor T cell responses. Pharmacological activation of the STING pathway can lead to T cell-mediated tumor regression in preclinical tumor models, and novel STING activating small molecules are now being tested in clinical trials. Here we will introduce the STING pathway and review the current state of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Berger
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mickaël Marloye
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sean E Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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13
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Siebert C, Ciato D, Murakami M, Frei-Stuber L, Perez-Rivas LG, Monteserin-Garcia JL, Nölting S, Maurer J, Feuchtinger A, Walch AK, Haak HR, Bertherat J, Mannelli M, Fassnacht M, Korpershoek E, Reincke M, Stalla GK, Hantel C, Beuschlein F. Heat Shock Protein 90 as a Prognostic Marker and Therapeutic Target for Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:487. [PMID: 31379752 PMCID: PMC6658895 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor entity with restricted therapeutic opportunities. HSP90 (Heat Shock Protein 90) chaperone activity is fundamental for cell survival and contributes to different oncogenic signaling pathways. Indeed, agents targeting HSP90 function have shown therapeutic efficacy in several cancer types. We have examined the expression of HSP90 in different adrenal tumors and evaluated the use of HSP90 inhibitors in vitro as possible therapy for ACC. Methods: Immunohistochemical expression of HSP90 isoforms was investigated in different adrenocortical tumors and associated with clinical features. Additionally, a panel of N-terminal (17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), luminespib, and ganetespib) and C-terminal (novobiocin and silibinin) HSP90 inhibitors were tested on various ACC cell lines. Results: Within adrenocortical tumors, ACC samples exhibited the highest expression of HSP90β. Within a cohort of ACC patients, HSP90β expression levels were inversely correlated with recurrence-free and overall survival. In functional assays, among five different compounds tested luminespib and ganetespib induced a significant decrease in cell viability in single as well as in combined treatments with compounds of the clinically used EDP-M scheme (etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin, mitotane). Inhibition of cell viability correlated furthermore with a decrease in proliferation, in cell migration and an increase in apoptosis. Moreover, analysis of cancer pathways indicated a modulation of the ERK1/2-and AKT-pathways by luminespib and ganetespib treatment. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize HSP90 as a marker with prognostic impact and promising target with N-terminal HSP90 inhibitors as drugs with potential therapeutic efficacy toward ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Siebert
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Denis Ciato
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Masanori Murakami
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig Frei-Stuber
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Luis Gustavo Perez-Rivas
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Svenja Nölting
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Maurer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel K. Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harm R. Haak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Ageing and Long-Term Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Massimo Mannelli
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes and Central Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter K. Stalla
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Medicover Neuroendocrinology, Munich, Germany
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Endokrinologie, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Felix Beuschlein
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14
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Combination of anti-vascular agent - DMXAA and HIF-1α inhibitor - digoxin inhibits the growth of melanoma tumors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7355. [PMID: 29743548 PMCID: PMC5943409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular disrupting agents as DMXAA inhibit tumor growth only for a short period of time followed by rapid tumor regrowth. Among others, hypoxia and presence of transcription factor HIF-1α are responsible for tumors regrowth. The aim of our study was to investigate the inhibition of murine melanoma growth by combining two agents: anti-vascular - DMXAA and the HIF-1α inhibitor - digoxin and explaining the mechanism of action of this combination. After DMXAA treatment tumor size was reduced only for a limited time. After 7 days regrowth of tumors was observed and number of vessels was increased especially in tumor's peripheral areas. DMXAA also induced an influx of immune cells: macrophages, CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes, NK cells, CD4+ lymphocytes. Administration of digoxin alone inhibited the growth of tumors. Administration of both agents in the proper sequence significantly inhibited the regrowth of tumors better than either agents alone. Combination therapy reduced number of newly formed vessels. In tumors of mice treated with combination therapy, the number of macrophages M1, CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes, NK cells and to a lesser extent CD4+ cells was increased. The combination of anti-vascular agents with HIF-1α inhibitors appears to be an effective therapeutic option.
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Shi W, Yin Y, Wang Y, Zhang B, Tan P, Jiang T, Mei H, Deng J, Wang H, Guo T, Pang Z, Hu Y. A tissue factor-cascade-targeted strategy to tumor vasculature: a combination of EGFP-EGF1 conjugation nanoparticles with photodynamic therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32212-32227. [PMID: 27793028 PMCID: PMC5458279 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor requires tumor vasculature to supply oxygen and nutrients so as to support its continued growth, as well as provide a main route for metastatic spread. In this study, a TF-cascade-targeted strategy aiming to disrupt tumor blood vessels was developed by combination of TF-targeted HMME-loaded drug delivery system and PDT. PDT is a promising new modality in the treatment of cancers, which employs the interaction between a tumor-localizing photosensitizer and light of an appropriate wavelength to bring about ROS-induced cell death. In vitro results showed that protein EGFP-EGF1modification could significantly contribute to the uptake of nanoparticles by TF over-expressed BCECs. In vivo multispectral fluorescent imaging, the EGFP-EGF1 conjugated nanoparticles showed significantly higher accumulation in tumor tissues than non-conjugated ones. Tumor tissue slides further presented that EGFP-EGF1 conjugated nanoparticles showed significantly higher accumulation in tumor vasculature than non-conjugated ones. In vitro study demonstrated that PDT increased TF expression of BCECs. In vivo imaging, ex vivo imaging and tumor tissue slides showed that PDT further contribute EGFP-EGF1-NP accumulation in tumor. These promising results indicated that PDT enhanced EGFP-EGF1modified PEG-PLGA nanoparticle accumulation in tumor vaculature. Considering that EGFP-EGF1 conjugation enhanced nanoparticles uptake by TF over-expressed endothelium and PDT increased endothelium TF expression. We conclude that PDT triggered a TF cascade targeted effect. A combination of both EGFP-EGF1 modification and PDT provided a positive feed-back target effect to tumor vessels and might have a great potential for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Targeted Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanxue Yin
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Targeted Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Targeted Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pei Tan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Targeted Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Targeted Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Targeted Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Targeted Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huafang Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Targeted Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Targeted Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Targeted Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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16
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Aboubakr EM, Taye A, Aly OM, Gamal-Eldeen AM, El-Moselhy MA. Enhanced anticancer effect of Combretastatin A-4 phosphate when combined with vincristine in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:36-46. [PMID: 28214686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulin targeting agents have received considerable interest as a potential tumor-selective vascular disrupting agents, which represent another avenue for cancer growing therapeutic opportunities. Hence, the present study was conducted to investigate the anti-tumor activity of Combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA4-P) and vincristine against hepatocellular carcinoma in rats, by individual administration and in combination. In vitro study was conducted using human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, showed that CA4-P and vincristine have a potent cell cytotoxic and tubulin inhibitory effect. In addition, a remarkable synergistic effect was observed by the simultaneous application of both drugs. Whereas in vivo study was conducted using model of rat liver cancer initiated with DENA and promoted by CCl4, showed that CA4-P and vincristine were significantly decreased liver relative weight, number of hepatic nodules and there relative volumes, tubulin content of the hepatic tissue, GSH and AFP. On the other hand, co-administration of both drugs exhibited significant further decrements in these parameters. Whereas a marked increase in MDA, carbonyl content and TNF-α inside hepatic tissue were observed in the treated groups and these increments were more prominent by co-administration of both drugs. In conclusion CA4-P showed a potential anti-cancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma and this effect was greatly enhanced by co-administration with vincristine. Additionally, our new findings provided an important evidence that the anticancer activity of drugs with a narrow therapeutic window such as vincristine can be greatly improved by its co-administration with CA4-P providing more enhanced activity with less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam M Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, South Valley University, 6 Km, Qena Safaga Road, Qena, Egypt.
| | - Ashraf Taye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Minia University, Ard Shalaby, Misr-Aswan Road, El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Omar M Aly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Minia University, Ard Shalaby, Misr-Aswan Road, El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Amira M Gamal-Eldeen
- Cancer Biology, Center of excellence for advanced sciences, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A El-Moselhy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Minia University, Ard Shalaby, Misr-Aswan Road, El-Minia, Egypt.
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