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Lasolle H, Schiavo A, Tourneur A, Gillotay P, de Faria da Fonseca B, Ceolin L, Monestier O, Aganahi B, Chomette L, Kizys MML, Haenebalcke L, Pieters T, Goossens S, Haigh J, Detours V, Maia ALS, Costagliola S, Romitti M. Dual targeting of MAPK and PI3K pathways unlocks redifferentiation of Braf-mutated thyroid cancer organoids. Oncogene 2024; 43:155-170. [PMID: 37985676 PMCID: PMC10786723 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and several genetic events have been described to promote the development of thyroid carcinogenesis. Besides the effects of specific mutations on thyroid cancer development, the molecular mechanisms controlling tumorigenesis, tumor behavior, and drug resistance are still largely unknown. Cancer organoids have been proposed as a powerful tool to study aspects related to tumor development and progression and appear promising to test individual responses to therapies. Here, using mESC-derived thyroid organoids, we developed a BrafV637E-inducible model able to recapitulate the features of papillary thyroid cancer in vitro. Overexpression of the murine BrafV637E mutation, equivalent to BrafV600E in humans, rapidly triggers to MAPK activation, cell dedifferentiation, and disruption of follicular organization. BrafV637E-expressing organoids show a transcriptomic signature for p53, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interactions, EMT, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Finally, PTC-like thyroid organoids were used for drug screening assays. The combination of MAPK and PI3K inhibitors reversed BrafV637E oncogene-promoted cell dedifferentiation while restoring thyroid follicle organization and function in vitro. Our results demonstrate that pluripotent stem cells-derived thyroid cancer organoids can mimic tumor development and features while providing an efficient tool for testing novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lasolle
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Schiavo
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrien Tourneur
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Gillotay
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bárbara de Faria da Fonseca
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucieli Ceolin
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Thyroid Section, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Olivier Monestier
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benilda Aganahi
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Chomette
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marina Malta Letro Kizys
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieven Haenebalcke
- VIB, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Pieters
- VIB, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- VIB, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jody Haigh
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Vincent Detours
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ana Luiza Silva Maia
- Thyroid Section, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mírian Romitti
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Pita JM, Raspé E, Coulonval K, Decaussin-Petrucci M, Tarabichi M, Dom G, Libert F, Craciun L, Andry G, Wicquart L, Leteurtre E, Trésallet C, Marlow LA, Copland JA, Durante C, Maenhaut C, Cavaco BM, Dumont JE, Costante G, Roger PP. CDK4 phosphorylation status and rational use for combining CDK4/6 and BRAF/MEK inhibition in advanced thyroid carcinomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1247542. [PMID: 37964967 PMCID: PMC10641312 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1247542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have been established as standard treatment against advanced Estrogen Receptor-positive breast cancers. These drugs are being tested against several cancers, including in combinations with other therapies. We identified the T172-phosphorylation of CDK4 as the step determining its activity, retinoblastoma protein (RB) inactivation, cell cycle commitment and sensitivity to CDK4/6i. Poorly differentiated (PDTC) and anaplastic (ATC) thyroid carcinomas, the latter considered one of the most lethal human malignancies, represent major clinical challenges. Several molecular evidence suggest that CDK4/6i could be considered for treating these advanced thyroid cancers. Methods We analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis the CDK4 modification profile and the presence of T172-phosphorylated CDK4 in a collection of 98 fresh-frozen tissues and in 21 cell lines. A sub-cohort of samples was characterized by RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Sensitivity to CDK4/6i (palbociclib and abemaciclib) was assessed by BrdU incorporation/viability assays. Treatment of cell lines with CDK4/6i and combination with BRAF/MEK inhibitors (dabrafenib/trametinib) was comprehensively evaluated by western blot, characterization of immunoprecipitated CDK4 and CDK2 complexes and clonogenic assays. Results CDK4 phosphorylation was detected in all well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas (n=29), 19/20 PDTC, 16/23 ATC and 18/21 thyroid cancer cell lines, including 11 ATC-derived ones. Tumors and cell lines without phosphorylated CDK4 presented very high p16CDKN2A levels, which were associated with proliferative activity. Absence of CDK4 phosphorylation in cell lines was associated with CDK4/6i insensitivity. RB1 defects (the primary cause of intrinsic CDK4/6i resistance) were not found in 5/7 tumors without detectable phosphorylated CDK4. A previously developed 11-gene expression signature identified the likely unresponsive tumors, lacking CDK4 phosphorylation. In cell lines, palbociclib synergized with dabrafenib/trametinib by completely and permanently arresting proliferation. These combinations prevented resistance mechanisms induced by palbociclib, most notably Cyclin E1-CDK2 activation and a paradoxical stabilization of phosphorylated CDK4 complexes. Conclusion Our study supports further clinical evaluation of CDK4/6i and their combination with anti-BRAF/MEK therapies as a novel effective treatment against advanced thyroid tumors. Moreover, the complementary use of our 11 genes predictor with p16/KI67 evaluation could represent a prompt tool for recognizing the intrinsically CDK4/6i insensitive patients, who are potentially better candidates to immediate chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M. Pita
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Raspé
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katia Coulonval
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Maxime Tarabichi
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geneviève Dom
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederick Libert
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- BRIGHTCore, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ligia Craciun
- Tumor Bank of the Institut Jules Bordet Comprehensive Cancer Center – Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Andry
- Department of Head & Neck and Thoracic Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet Comprehensive Cancer Center – Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Wicquart
- Tumorothèque du Groupement de Coopération Sanitaire-Centre Régional de Référence en Cancérologie (C2RC) de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leteurtre
- Department of Pathology, Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inserm, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Trésallet
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery - Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Digestive, Bariatric and Endocrine Surgery - Avicenne University Hospital, Paris Nord - Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laura A. Marlow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - John A. Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carine Maenhaut
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Branca M. Cavaco
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jacques E. Dumont
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Costante
- Departments of Endocrinology and Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet Comprehensive Cancer Center – Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre P. Roger
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Fagin JA, Krishnamoorthy GP, Landa I. Pathogenesis of cancers derived from thyroid follicular cells. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:631-650. [PMID: 37438605 PMCID: PMC10763075 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The genomic simplicity of differentiated cancers derived from thyroid follicular cells offers unique insights into how oncogenic drivers impact tumour phenotype. Essentially, the main oncoproteins in thyroid cancer activate nodes in the receptor tyrosine kinase-RAS-BRAF pathway, which constitutively induces MAPK signalling to varying degrees consistent with their specific biochemical mechanisms of action. The magnitude of the flux through the MAPK signalling pathway determines key elements of thyroid cancer biology, including differentiation state, invasive properties and the cellular composition of the tumour microenvironment. Progression of disease results from genomic lesions that drive immortalization, disrupt chromatin accessibility and cause cell cycle checkpoint dysfunction, in conjunction with a tumour microenvironment characterized by progressive immunosuppression. This Review charts the genomic trajectories of these common endocrine tumours, while connecting them to the biological states that they confer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Fagin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Gnana P Krishnamoorthy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iñigo Landa
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Choi HR, Kim K. Mouse Models to Examine Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Pathogenesis: Recent Updates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11138. [PMID: 37446316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the overall prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the most common endocrine malignancy, is favorable, a subset of patients exhibits aggressive features. Therefore, preclinical models that can be utilized to investigate DTC pathogenesis and novel treatments are necessary. Various mouse models have been developed based on advances in thyroid cancer genetics. This review focuses on recent progress in mouse models that have been developed to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryeon Choi
- Department of Surgery, Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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5
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Appiah CO, Singh M, May L, Bakshi I, Vaidyanathan A, Dent P, Ginder G, Grant S, Bear H, Landry J. The epigenetic regulation of cancer cell recovery from therapy exposure and its implications as a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing disease recurrence. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:337-385. [PMID: 36990536 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of cancer therapy is the elimination of disease from patients. Most directly, this occurs through therapy-induced cell death. Therapy-induced growth arrest can also be a desirable outcome, if prolonged. Unfortunately, therapy-induced growth arrest is rarely durable and the recovering cell population can contribute to cancer recurrence. Consequently, therapeutic strategies that eliminate residual cancer cells reduce opportunities for recurrence. Recovery can occur through diverse mechanisms including quiescence or diapause, exit from senescence, suppression of apoptosis, cytoprotective autophagy, and reductive divisions resulting from polyploidy. Epigenetic regulation of the genome represents a fundamental regulatory mechanism integral to cancer-specific biology, including the recovery from therapy. Epigenetic pathways are particularly attractive therapeutic targets because they are reversible, without changes in DNA, and are catalyzed by druggable enzymes. Previous use of epigenetic-targeting therapies in combination with cancer therapeutics has not been widely successful because of either unacceptable toxicity or limited efficacy. The use of epigenetic-targeting therapies after a significant interval following initial cancer therapy could potentially reduce the toxicity of combination strategies, and possibly exploit essential epigenetic states following therapy exposure. This review examines the feasibility of targeting epigenetic mechanisms using a sequential approach to eliminate residual therapy-arrested populations, that might possibly prevent recovery and disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana O Appiah
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Manjulata Singh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Lauren May
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ishita Bakshi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ashish Vaidyanathan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul Dent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Gordon Ginder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Steven Grant
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Harry Bear
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Joseph Landry
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Pani F, Caria P, Yasuda Y, Makoto M, Mariotti S, Leenhardt L, Roshanmehr S, Caturegli P, Buffet C. The Immune Landscape of Papillary Thyroid Cancer in the Context of Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174287. [PMID: 36077831 PMCID: PMC9454449 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The association between papillary thyroid cancer and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis went through a long-standing human debate recently elucidated by the establishment of a novel mouse model. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is an excellent model for studying the tumor immune microenvironment because it is naturally accompanied by immune cells, making it a good candidate for the treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Abstract Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) often co-occurs with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an association that has long been reported in clinical studies, remaining controversial. Experimental evidence has recently shown that pre-existing thyroiditis has a beneficial effect on PTC growth and progression by a distinctive expansion of effector memory CD8 T cells. Although the link between inflammation and PTC might involve different components of the immune system, a deep characterization of them which includes T cells, B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures, Mye-loid cells, Neutrophils, NK cells and dendritic cells will be desirable. The present review article considers the role of the adaptive and innate immune response surrounding PTC in the context of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. This review will focus on the current knowledge by in vivo and in vitro studies specifically performed on animals’ models; thyroid cancer cells and human samples including (i) the dual role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; (ii) the emerging role of B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures; (iii) the role of myeloid cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells; (iv) the current knowledge of the molecular biomarkers implicated in the complex link between thyroiditis and PTC and the potential implication of cancer immunotherapy in PTC patients in the context of thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Pani
- Service des Pathologies Thyroïdiennes et Tumeurs Endocrines, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: or
| | - Paola Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry, Biology and Genetics Unit, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SP 8, Km 0.700, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Yoshinori Yasuda
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Miyara Makoto
- Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-Paris (CIMI-PARIS), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Stefano Mariotti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Endocrinology Unit, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laurence Leenhardt
- Service des Pathologies Thyroïdiennes et Tumeurs Endocrines, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Solmaz Roshanmehr
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Patrizio Caturegli
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Camille Buffet
- Service des Pathologies Thyroïdiennes et Tumeurs Endocrines, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, 75013 Paris, France
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RET Gene Fusions in Malignancies of the Thyroid and Other Tissues. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040424. [PMID: 32326537 PMCID: PMC7230609 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the identification of the BCR-ABL1 (Breakpoint Cluster Region-ABelson murine Leukemia) fusion in chronic myelogenous leukemia, gene fusions generating chimeric oncoproteins have been recognized as common genomic structural variations in human malignancies. This is, in particular, a frequent mechanism in the oncogenic conversion of protein kinases. Gene fusion was the first mechanism identified for the oncogenic activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase RET (REarranged during Transfection), initially discovered in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). More recently, the advent of highly sensitive massive parallel (next generation sequencing, NGS) sequencing of tumor DNA or cell-free (cfDNA) circulating tumor DNA, allowed for the detection of RET fusions in many other solid and hematopoietic malignancies. This review summarizes the role of RET fusions in the pathogenesis of human cancer.
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8
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Kyrilli A, Gacquer D, Detours V, Lefort A, Libert F, Twyffels L, Van Den Eeckhaute L, Strickaert A, Maenhaut C, De Deken X, Dumont JE, Miot F, Corvilain B. Dissecting the Role of Thyrotropin in the DNA Damage Response in Human Thyrocytes after 131I, γ Radiation and H2O2. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5614560. [PMID: 31701151 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early molecular events in human thyrocytes after 131I exposure have not yet been unravelled. Therefore, we investigated the role of TSH in the 131I-induced DNA damage response and gene expression in primary cultured human thyrocytes. METHODS Following exposure of thyrocytes, in the presence or absence of TSH, to 131I (β radiation), γ radiation (3 Gy), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we assessed DNA damage, proliferation, and cell-cycle status. We conducted RNA sequencing to profile gene expression after each type of exposure and evaluated the influence of TSH on each transcriptomic response. RESULTS Overall, the thyrocyte responses following exposure to β or γ radiation and to H2O2 were similar. However, TSH increased 131I-induced DNA damage, an effect partially diminished after iodide uptake inhibition. Specifically, TSH increased the number of DNA double-strand breaks in nonexposed thyrocytes and thus predisposed them to greater damage following 131I exposure. This effect most likely occurred via Gα q cascade and a rise in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. β and γ radiation prolonged thyroid cell-cycle arrest to a similar extent without sign of apoptosis. The gene expression profiles of thyrocytes exposed to β/γ radiation or H2O2 were overlapping. Modulations in genes involved in inflammatory response, apoptosis, and proliferation were observed. TSH increased the number and intensity of modulation of differentially expressed genes after 131I exposure. CONCLUSIONS TSH specifically increased 131I-induced DNA damage probably via a rise in ROS levels and produced a more prominent transcriptomic response after exposure to 131I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaia Kyrilli
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moleculaire (IRIBHM), School of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Gacquer
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moleculaire (IRIBHM), School of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Detours
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moleculaire (IRIBHM), School of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Lefort
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moleculaire (IRIBHM), School of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Libert
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moleculaire (IRIBHM), School of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Twyffels
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Gosselies Biopark, ULB, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Laura Van Den Eeckhaute
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moleculaire (IRIBHM), School of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Strickaert
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moleculaire (IRIBHM), School of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine Maenhaut
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moleculaire (IRIBHM), School of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Deken
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moleculaire (IRIBHM), School of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Emile Dumont
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moleculaire (IRIBHM), School of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Miot
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moleculaire (IRIBHM), School of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Corvilain
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moleculaire (IRIBHM), School of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Jin Y, Liu M, Sa R, Fu H, Cheng L, Chen L. Mouse models of thyroid cancer: Bridging pathogenesis and novel therapeutics. Cancer Lett 2019; 469:35-53. [PMID: 31589905 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to a global increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer, numerous novel mouse models were established to reveal thyroid cancer pathogenesis and test promising therapeutic strategies, necessitating a comprehensive review of translational medicine that covers (i) the role of mouse models in the research of thyroid cancer pathogenesis, and (ii) preclinical testing of potential anti-thyroid cancer therapeutics. The present review article aims to: (i) describe the current approaches for mouse modeling of thyroid cancer, (ii) provide insight into the biology and genetics of thyroid cancers, and (iii) offer guidance on the use of mouse models for testing potential therapeutics in preclinical settings. Based on research with mouse models of thyroid cancer pathogenesis involving the RTK, RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, SRC, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, inhibitors of VEGFR, MEK, mTOR, SRC, and STAT3 have been developed as anti-thyroid cancer drugs for "bench-to-bedside" translation. In the future, mouse models of thyroid cancer will be designed to be ''humanized" and "patient-like," offering opportunities to: (i) investigate the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer through target screening based on the CRISPR/Cas system, (ii) test drugs based on new mouse models, and (iii) explore the underlying mechanisms based on multi-omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ri Sa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Ameziane El Hassani R, Buffet C, Leboulleux S, Dupuy C. Oxidative stress in thyroid carcinomas: biological and clinical significance. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:R131-R143. [PMID: 30615595 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
At physiological concentrations, reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anions and H2O2, are considered as second messengers that play key roles in cellular functions, such as proliferation, gene expression, host defence and hormone synthesis. However, when they are at supraphysiological levels, ROS are considered potent DNA-damaging agents. Their increase induces oxidative stress, which can initiate and maintain genomic instability. The thyroid gland represents a good model for studying the impact of oxidative stress on genomic instability. Indeed, one particularity of this organ is that follicular thyroid cells synthesise thyroid hormones through a complex mechanism that requires H2O2. Because of their detection in thyroid adenomas and in early cell transformation, both oxidative stress and DNA damage are believed to be neoplasia-preceding events in thyroid cells. Oxidative DNA damage is, in addition, detected in the advanced stages of thyroid cancer, suggesting that oxidative lesions of DNA also contribute to the maintenance of genomic instability during the subsequent phases of tumourigenesis. Finally, ionizing radiation and the mutation of oncogenes, such as RAS and BRAF, play a key role in thyroid carcinogenesis through separate and unique mechanisms: they upregulate the expression of two distinct 'professional' ROS-generating systems, the NADPH oxidases DUOX1 and NOX4, which cause DNA damage that may promote chromosomal instability, tumourigenesis and dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabii Ameziane El Hassani
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies 'BioPatH', Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Camille Buffet
- UMR 8200 CNRS, Gustave Roussy and Paris Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Leboulleux
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Gustave Roussy and Paris Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- UMR 8200 CNRS, Gustave Roussy and Paris Sud University, Villejuif, France
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11
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Expression and function of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 isoforms in transformed endometriotic and malignant ovarian cells. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5344-5367. [PMID: 29435183 PMCID: PMC5797054 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is proposed to contribute to the transition from endometriosis to specific subtypes of ovarian cancers (OVCAs). Regulation of intracellular iron occurs via a ferritinophagic process involving NCOA4 (Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 4), represented by two major isoforms (NCOA4α and NCOA4β), whose contribution to ovarian cancer biology remains uninvestigated. We thus generated transformed endometriotic cells (via HRASV12A, c-MYCT58A, and p53 inactivation) whose migratory potential was increased in response to conditioned media from senescent endometriotic cells. We identified elevated NCOA4 mRNA in transformed endometriotic cells (relative to non-transformed). Knockdown of NCOA4 increased ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) and p21 protein which was accompanied by reduced cell survival while NCOA4β overexpression reduced colony formation. NCOA4α and NCOA4β mRNA were elevated in malignant versus non-malignant gynecological cells; NCOA4α protein was increased in the assessed malignant cell lines as well as in a series of OVCA subtypes (relative to normal adjacent tissues). Further, NCOA4 protein expression was regulated in a proteasome- and autophagy-independent manner. Collectively, our results implicate NCOA4 in ovarian cancer biology in which it could be involved in the transition from precursors to OVCA.
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