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Ciarelli J, Thangaraj SV, Sun H, Domke S, Alkhatib B, Vyas AK, Gregg B, Sargis RM, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: An exploratory analysis of pancreatic islet compromise in female sheep resulting from gestational BPA exposure. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 588:112202. [PMID: 38552943 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to endocrine disruptors like bisphenol A (BPA) are implicated in later-life metabolic dysfunction. Leveraging a unique sheep model of developmental programming, we conducted an exploratory analysis of the programming effects of BPA on the endocrine pancreas. Pregnant ewes were administered environmentally relevant doses of BPA during gestational days (GD) 30-90, and pancreata from female fetuses and adult offspring were analyzed. Prenatal BPA exposure induced a trend toward decreased islet insulin staining and β-cell count, increased glucagon staining and α-cell count, and increased α-cell/β-cell ratio. Findings were most consistent in fetal pancreata assessed at GD90 and in adult offspring exposed to the lowest BPA dose. While not assessed in fetuses, adult islet fibrosis was increased. Collectively, these data provide further evidence that early-life BPA exposure is a likely threat to human metabolic health. Future studies should corroborate these findings and decipher the molecular mechanisms of BPA's developmental endocrine toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ciarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Haijing Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie Domke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bashar Alkhatib
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Brigid Gregg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Halloran KM, Saadat N, Pallas B, Vyas AK, Sargis R, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: Testosterone excess masculinizes female pancreatic transcriptome and function in sheep. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 588:112234. [PMID: 38588858 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Hyperandrogenic disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, are often associated with metabolic disruptions such as insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Studies in sheep, a precocial model of translational relevance, provide evidence that in utero exposure to excess testosterone during days 30-90 of gestation (the sexually dimorphic window where males naturally experience elevated androgens) programs insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in female offspring. Extending earlier findings that adverse effects of testosterone excess are evident in fetal day 90 pancreas, the end of testosterone treatment, the present study provides evidence that transcriptomic and phenotypic effects of in utero testosterone excess on female pancreas persist after cessation of treatment, suggesting lasting organizational changes, and induce a male-like phenotype in female pancreas. These findings demonstrate that the female pancreas is susceptible to programmed masculinization during the sexually dimorphic window of fetal development and shed light on underlying connections between hyperandrogenism and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Saadat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brooke Pallas
- Unit Lab Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arpita K Vyas
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert Sargis
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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Guo F, Mao S, Long Y, Zhou B, Gao L, Huang H. The Influences of Perinatal Androgenic Exposure on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease of Offspring of PCOS. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:3179-3189. [PMID: 37380913 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01286-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Hyperandrogenism is an endocrine disorder affecting a large population of reproductive-aged women, thus proportionally high number of fetuses are subjected to prenatal androgenic exposure (PNA). The short-term stimulations at critical ontogenetic stages can wield lasting influences on the health. The most commonly diagnosed conditions in reproductive age women is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PNA may affect the growth and development of many systems in the whole body and disrupts the normal metabolic trajectory in the offspring of PCOS, contributing to the prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (CVMD), including myocardial hypertrophy, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, obesity, and dyslipidemia, which are the leading causes of hospitalizations in young PCOS offspring. In this review, we focus on the effects of prenatal androgenic exposure on the cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in offspring, discuss the possible pathogenesis respectively, and summarize potential management strategies to improve metabolic health of PCOS offspring. It is expected that the incidence of CVMD and the medical burden will be reduced in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Suqing Mao
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Long
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bokang Zhou
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hefeng Huang
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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Ghnenis A, Padmanabhan V, Vyas A. Sexual dimorphism in testosterone programming of cardiomyocyte development in sheep. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H607-H621. [PMID: 35119334 PMCID: PMC8957338 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00691.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Perturbed in utero hormone milieu leads to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), a known risk factor for left ventricular (LV) dysfunction later in life. Gestational testosterone (T) excess predisposes offspring to IUGR and leads to LV myocardial disarray and hypertension in adult females. However, the early impact of T excess on LV programming and if it is female specific is unknown. LV tissues were obtained at day 90 gestation from days 30-90 T-treated or control fetuses (n = 6/group/sex) and morphometric and molecular analyses were conducted. Gestational T treatment increased cardiomyocyte number only in female fetuses. T excess upregulated receptor expression of insulin and insulin-like growth factor. Furthermore, in a sex-specific manner, T increased expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) while downregulating phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (pmTOR)-to-mTOR ratio suggestive of compensatory response. T excess 1) upregulated atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), markers of stress and cardiac hypertrophy and 2) upregulated estrogen receptors1 (ESR1) and 2 (ESR2), but not in androgen receptor (AR). Thus, gestational T excess upregulated markers of cardiac stress and hypertrophy in both sexes while inducing cardiomyocyte hyperplasia only in females, likely mediated via insulin and estrogenic programming.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates sex-specific effects of gestational T excess between days 30 and 90 of gestation on the cardiac phenotype. Furthermore, the sex-specific programming is likely secondary to perturbation in both estrogen and insulin signaling pathways collectively. These findings are supportive of the role of androgen excess to serve as early biomarkers of CVD and could be critical in identifying therapeutic targets for LV hypertrophy and predict long-term CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ghnenis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Arpita Vyas
- College of Human Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California
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Puttabyatappa M, Ciarelli JN, Chatoff AG, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: Metabolic tissue-specific changes in endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial oxidative and telomere length status induced by prenatal testosterone excess in the female sheep. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 526:111207. [PMID: 33607270 PMCID: PMC8005473 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (T) excess-induced metabolic dysfunctions involve tissue specific changes in insulin sensitivity with insulin resistant, oxidative and lipotoxic state in liver/muscle and insulin sensitive but inflammatory and oxidative state in visceral adipose tissues (VAT). We hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and premature cellular senescence are contributors to the tissue-specific changes in insulin sensitivity. Markers of mitochondrial number, function, and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), ER stress and cellular senescence (telomere length) were assessed in liver, muscle and 4 adipose (VAT, subcutaneous [SAT], epicardiac [ECAT] and perirenal [PRAT]) depots collected from control and prenatal T-treated female sheep at 21 months of age. Prenatal T treatment led to: (a) reduction in mitochondrial number and OxPhos complexes and increase in ER stress markers in muscle; (b) increase in fibrosis with trend towards increase in short telomere fragments in liver (c) depot-specific mitochondrial changes with OxPhos complexes namely increase in SAT and reduction in PRAT and increase in mitochondrial number in ECAT; (d) depot-specific ER stress marker changes with increase in VAT, reduction in SAT, contrasting changes in ECAT and no changes in PRAT; and (d) reduced shorter telomere fragments in SAT, ECAT and PRAT. These changes indicate insulin resistance may be driven by mitochondrial and ER dysfunction in muscle, fibrosis and premature senescence in liver, and depot-specific changes in mitochondrial function and ER stress without involving cellular senescence in adipose tissue. These findings provide mechanistic insights into pathophysiology of metabolic dysfunction among female offspring from hyperandrogenic pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph N Ciarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam G Chatoff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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