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Chien MH, Yang YC, Ho KH, Ding YF, Chen LH, Chiu WK, Chen JQ, Tung MC, Hsiao M, Lee WJ. Cyclic increase in the ADAMTS1-L1CAM-EGFR axis promotes the EMT and cervical lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:82. [PMID: 38263290 PMCID: PMC10805752 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The matrix metalloprotease A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs 1 (ADAMTS1) was reported to be involved in tumor progression in several cancer types, but its contributions appear discrepant. At present, the role of ADAMTS1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; OSCC) remains unclear. Herein, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database showed that ADAMTS1 transcripts were downregulated in head and neck SCC (HNSCC) tissues compared to normal tissues, but ADAMTS1 levels were correlated with poorer prognoses of HNSCC patients. In vitro, we observed that ADAMTS1 expression levels were correlated with the invasive abilities of four OSCC cell lines, HSC-3, SCC9, HSC-3M, and SAS. Knockdown of ADAMTS1 in OSCC cells led to a decrease and its overexpression led to an increase in cell-invasive abilities in vitro as well as tumor growth and lymph node (LN) metastasis in OSCC xenografts. Mechanistic investigations showed that the cyclic increase in ADAMTS1-L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) axis-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation led to exacerbation of the invasive abilities of OSCC cells via inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression. Clinical analyses revealed that ADAMTS1, L1CAM, and EGFR levels were all correlated with worse prognoses of HNSCC patients, and patients with ADAMTS1high/L1CAMhigh or EGFRhigh tumors had the shortest overall and disease-specific survival times. As to therapeutic aspects, we discovered that an edible plant-derived flavonoid, apigenin (API), drastically inhibited expression of the ADAMTS1-L1CAM-EGFR axis and reduced the ADAMTS1-triggered invasion and LN metastasis of OSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Most importantly, API treatment significantly prolonged survival rates of xenograft mice with OSCC. In summary, ADAMTS1 may be a useful biomarker for predicting OSCC progression, and API potentially retarded OSCC progression by targeting the ADAMTS1-L1CAM-EGFR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hao Ho
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Ding
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kuan Chiu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Surgery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Qing Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Min-Che Tung
- Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Adugna A. Antigen Recognition and Immune Response to Acute and Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2159-2166. [PMID: 37223107 PMCID: PMC10202203 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s411492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The antigen recognition and immune response to acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are the result of both the innate and adaptive immune response. The innate immune response comprises Dendritic Cells (DCs), which served as professional antigen-presenting cells and a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, Kupffer cells and inflammatory monocytes for the continuous inflammation of hepatocyte, neutrophils for hepatic tissue damage due to acute inflammation, type I interferons (IFN), which induce an antiviral state on infected cells, directs natural killer (NK) cells to kill virally infected cells, reduces the population of infected cells, and promotes the effective maturation and site recruitment of adaptive immunity through the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Through stimulating B cells, T-helper, and cytotoxic T cells, the adaptive immune system also protects against hepatitis B infection. During HBV infection, a network of cell types that can either play protective or harmful functions creates the anti-viral adaptive immune response. These many elements, such as Cluster of differentiation four (CD4) T cells (traditionally known as helper T cells), are potent cytokine producers and necessary for the effective maturation of effector cytotoxic cluster of differentiation eight (CD8) T cells and B cell antibody production. By cytolytic and non-cytolytic processes, CD8 T cells are able to eliminate HBV-infected hepatocytes and directly detect virus-infected cells, and circulating CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells for the modulation of immune system. In order to avoid reinfection, B cells can produce antibodies that destroy free viral particles. Moreover, by presenting HBV antigens to helper T cells, B cells may also influence how well these cells operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adane Adugna
- Medical Microbiology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Yang PK, Su CC, Hsu CH. Clinical outcomes of surgical embolectomy versus catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute limb ischemia: a nationwide cohort study. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 53:517-522. [PMID: 34342786 PMCID: PMC8904339 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-021-02532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Taiwan, the outcomes of acute limb ischemia have yet to be investigated in a standardized manner. In this study, we compared the safety, feasibility and outcomes of acute limb ischemia after surgical embolectomy or catheter-directed therapy in Taiwan. This study used data collected from the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Database (NHID) and Cause of Death Data between the years 2000 and 2015. The rate ratio of all-cause in-hospital mortality and risk of amputation during the same period of hospital stay were estimated using Generalized linear models (GLM). There was no significant difference in mortality risk between CDT and surgical intervention (9.5% vs. 10.68%, adjusted rate ratio (95% CI): regression 1.0 [0.79-1.27], PS matching 0.92 [0.69-1.23]). The risk of amputation was also comparable between the two groups. (13.59% vs. 14.81%, adjusted rate ratio (95% CI): regression 0.84 [0.68-1.02], PS matching 0.92 [0.72-1.17]). Age (p < 0.001) and liver disease (p = 0.01) were associated with higher mortality risks. Heart failure (p = 0.03) and chronic or end-stage renal disease (p = 0.03) were associated with higher amputation risks. Prior antithrombotic agent use (p = 0.03) was associated with a reduced risk of amputation. Both surgical intervention and CDT are effective and feasible procedures for patients with ALI in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kai Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chou Su
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Hsu
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Resource Utilization and Outcomes of Medicare Recipients With Chronic Hepatitis B in the United States. J Clin Gastroenterol 2019; 53:e341-e347. [PMID: 30106839 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
GOALS To assess the outcomes and resource utilization of chronic hepatitis B (CH-B) among Medicare beneficiaries. BACKGROUND CH-B is highly prevalent among immigrants from endemic areas. Although incidence of CH-B is stable in the United States, CH-B patients have become Medicare eligible. STUDY We used the inpatient and outpatient Medicare database (2005 to 2014). Adult patients with CH-B diagnosis were included. One-year mortality and resource utilization were assessed. Independent associations with resource utilization and mortality were determined using multivariate analysis. RESULTS Study cohort included 18,603 Medicare recipients with CH-B. Between 2005 and 2014, number of Medicare beneficiaries with CH-B increased by 4.4% annually. The proportion of beneficiaries with CH-B who were whites decreased while those who were Asians increased (P<0.05). Furthermore, 7.4% of CH-B Medicare cohort experienced decompensated cirrhosis, 2.9% hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 11.9% 1-year mortality. Although the number of inpatients with CH-B remained stable, the number of outpatient encounters increased. Annual total inpatient charges increased from $66,610 to $94,221 while these charges for outpatient increased from $9257 to $47,863. In multivariate analysis, age [odds ratio (OR), 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.05], male gender [OR, 1.24 (95% CI, 1.12-1.38)], decompensated cirrhosis [OR, 3.02 (95% CI, 2.63-3.48)], HCC [OR, 2.64 (95% CI, 2.10-3.32)], and higher Charlson comorbidity index [OR, 1.24 (95% CI, 1.21-1.27)] were independently associated with increased 1-year mortality. HCC and higher Charlson comorbidity index were also associated with higher inpatient and outpatient charges, and inpatient length of stay (all P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS CH-B infection has been rising in Medicare population and is responsible for significant mortality and resource utilization.
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High rates of chronic HBV genotype E infection in a group of migrants in Italy from West Africa: Virological characteristics associated with poor immune clearance. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195045. [PMID: 29596494 PMCID: PMC5875859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype E almost exclusively occurs in African people, and its presence is more commonly associated with the development of chronic HBV (CHB) infection. Moreover, an epidemiological link has been found between the distribution of HBV genotype E infection and African countries with high incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma. As part of a programme for the health assessment of migrants, we evaluated 358 young African subjects for HBV infection; 58.1% (208/358) were positive for an HBV marker, and 54 (25.5%) had CHB. Eighty-one percent of the CHB subjects were infected with HBV genotype E, with a median serum HBV-DNA of 3.2 (IQR: 2.7-3.6) logIU/ml. All patients had high serum HBsAg titres (10,899 [range 5,359-20,272] IU/ml), and no correlation was found between HBsAg titres and HBV-DNA plasma levels. RT sequence analysis showed the presence of a number of immune escape mutations: strains from all of the patients had a serine at HBsAg position 140; 3 also had T116N, Y100C, and P142L+S143L substitutions; and 1 had a G112R substitution. Six (18%) patients had stop-codons at position 216. In 5 of the 9 (26.5%) CHB patients, ultrasound liver biopsy, quantification of total intrahepatic HBV-DNA and cccDNA, and RT/HBsAg sequencing were performed. The median (IQR) total intrahepatic HBV-DNA was 766 (753-1139) copies/1000 cells, and the median (IQR) cccDNA was 17 (10-27) copies/1000 cells. Correlations were observed for both total intrahepatic HBV-DNA and cccDNA with serum HBV-DNA, while no correlation was found for the HBsAg titres. A difference of 2.5/1,000 nucleotides was found in the HBsAg sequences obtained from plasma and from liver tissue, with 3 cases of possible viral anatomical compartmentalization. In conclusion, a high rate of CHB infection due to the E genotype was demonstrated in a group of immigrants from Western Africa. An analysis of the viral strains obtained showed the virological characteristics of immune escape, which may be the cause of viral replication persistence. Moreover, a fair percentage of stop codon mutations were found. The lack of correlation between HBsAg titres and plasma or intrahepatic HBV-DNA found in these subjects suggests a pathway of virus production that is not linked to HBsAg secretion. Studies with a larger number of patients with CHB due to the E genotype are advisable to corroborate these observations.
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Okoror LE, Ajayi AO, Ijalana OB. Elevated serum β2-microglobulin in individuals coinfected with hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus in a rural settings in Southwest Nigeria. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:719. [PMID: 29221492 PMCID: PMC5721584 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-3015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coinfection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with hepatitis D virus (HDV) has being reported to increase severity of progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis (LC). Beta microglobulin (2βM) which is present on the surfaces of blood cells in acceptable levels is a tumor marker which may become elevated in disease conditions. This study hence observed the prevalence of HBV and HDV coinfection in a rural population and their 2βM concentration. RESULTS Of the 368 samples, 66 (17.9%) were positive to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 33 (50%) were coinfected with HDV, 8 (2.1%) were monoinfected with HDV. 2βM concentration increased beyond the normal level in individuals coinfected with HBV and HDV as compared with the monoinfected individuals. Coinfection resulted in the increased concentration of 2βM in HBV and HDV coinfection and the likelihood of progression to HCC and LC may not be ruled out. Monoinfection with HDV also had high 2βM concentration but this is due to having being infected with a non-detected HBV or chronic infection in which HBV is clearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Ehis Okoror
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University, PMB 373, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
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Carta A, Briguglio I, Piras S, Corona P, Ibba R, Laurini E, Fermeglia M, Pricl S, Desideri N, Atzori E, La Colla P, Collu G, Delogu I, Loddo R. A combined in silico / in vitro approach unveils common molecular requirements for efficient BVDV RdRp binding of linear aromatic N-polycyclic systems. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 117:321-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Cheng CY, Ho CH, Wang CC, Liang FW, Wang JJ, Chio CC, Chang CH, Kuo JR. One-Year Mortality after Traumatic Brain Injury in Liver Cirrhosis Patients--A Ten-Year Population-Based Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1468. [PMID: 26448001 PMCID: PMC4616736 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the 1-year mortality of patients who underwent brain surgery following traumatic brain injury (TBI) who also had alcoholic and/or nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis (LC) using a nationwide database in Taiwan. A longitudinal cohort study matched by propensity score with age, gender, length of ICU stay, HTN, DM, MI, stroke, HF, renal diseases, and year of TBI diagnosis in TBI patients with alcoholic and/or nonalcoholic LC and TBI patients without LC was conducted using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan between January 1997 and December 2007. The main outcome studied was 1-year mortality. In total, 7296 subjects (2432 TBI patients with LC and 4864 TBI patients without LC) were enrolled in this study. The main findings were (1) TBI patients with LC had a higher 1-year mortality (52.18% vs 30.61%) and a 1.75-fold increased risk of mortality (95% CI 1.61-1.90) compared with non-LC TBI patients, (2) renal diseases and HF are risk factors, but hypertension could be a protective factor in cirrhotic TBI patients, and (3) TBI patients with non-alcoholic LC and the coexistence of alcoholic and nonalcoholic LC had higher 1-year mortality compared with TBI patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. This study showed that patients with LC who have undergone brain surgery might have higher risk of 1-year mortality than those without LC. In addition, nonalcoholic and the coexistence of alcoholic and nonalcoholic LC show higher 1-year mortality risk than alcoholic in TBI patients with LC, especially in those with comorbidities of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Yang Cheng
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (C-YC, C-CW, C-CC, C-HC, J-RK); Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan (C-HH, J-JW, J-RK); Departments of Biotechnology (J-RK); ChildCare, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan (C-CW); Departments of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (F-WL); and Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan (C-HH)
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Novel pyrazole fused heterocyclic ligands: Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding/cleavage activity and anti-BVDV activity. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Jia J, Hou J, Ding H, Chen G, Xie Q, Wang Y, Zeng M, Zhao J, Wang T, Hu X, Schuppan D. Transient elastography compared to serum markers to predict liver fibrosis in a cohort of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:756-62. [PMID: 25353058 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using transient elastography (FibroScan) is a useful tool to assess fibrosis in various chronic liver diseases. However, studies were mainly performed in Western countries and largely focused on chronic hepatitis C (CHC). We therefore carried out a multicenter study to validate the accuracy of LSM in the assessment of liver fibrosis in a large cohort of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS We compared LSM results to histological staging and serum fibrosis markers (five direct markers, APRI and FIB-4) using Spearman correlation analysis and area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUROCs). RESULTS Four hundred sixty-nine patients were enrolled and eligible for statistical analysis. LSM in F0 to F4 was 5.5 ± 1.7, 5.8 ± 2.2, 7.6 ± 3.4, 14.5 ± 10.8, and 22.3 ± 13.6 kPa, respectively (correlation with fibrosis stage r = 0.522, P < 0.001). AUROC for LSM to correctly allocate patients to histological fibrosis stage ≥ F2, ≥ F3, and F4 was 0.82, 0.88, and 0.90, respectively. LSM outperformed serum fibrosis markers for detection of fibrosis F ≥ 2 and F4. Patients with ALT levels 1-5x and > 5x the upper limit of normal values had significantly higher stiffness values than stage-matched patients with normal alanine aminotransferase. CONCLUSION Transient elastography is a reliable noninvasive technique to predict significant liver fibrosis in Chinese patients with CHB, being superior to current biomarker panels. However, enhanced inflammatory activity can lead to elevated stiffness values unrelated to histological fibrosis stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis & National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
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Prieto Ortíz JE, Sánchez Pardo S, Rojas Díaz EL, Huertas Pacheco SJ. Hepatitis C crónica: aspectos clínicos, serológicos y de tratamiento en dos centros de atención en Bogotá, Colombia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.22516/25007440.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introducción: el virus de la hepatitis C afecta a cerca de 170 millones de personas en el mundo. La organización mundial de la salud (OMS) estima una prevalencia mundial del 2%. La respuesta global al tratamiento en la era de la terapia dual para genotipo 1 es del orden de 40%. En Colombia hay datos limitados que confirmen un comportamiento similar y que describan las características clínicas de los pacientes con esta infección. Metodología: se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de hepatitis C crónica que asistieron a consulta externa del servicio de Hepatología en la Clínica Universitaria Colombia y de la consulta externa del servicio de Hepatología de uno de los autores durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de enero del 2010 y el 30 de mayo de 2013, se describen las características clínicas, serológicas y de respuesta al tratamiento. Resultados: se evaluaron las historias clínicas de 163 pacientes, 62% mujeres y 38% hombres, con una edad promedio de 58,2 años. El principal factor de riesgo para la adquisición de la hepatitis C fue historia de transfusiones antes de 1992 en 62% de los pacientes. La decisión de iniciar tratamiento se tomó en 77 pacientes (47,2%) y en 86 (52,8%) no se inició por diferentes razones dentro de las cuales la edad avanzada y cirrosis avanzada suman más de 50%; otras razones para no iniciar el tratamiento fueron: enfermedad mínima (4,7%), enfermedad mínima más edad avanzada (10,5%), curación espontánea (14%), poca probabilidad de respuesta (3,3%) y otras (14%). De 62 pacientes de los que se contaba con información acerca de tratamientos previos o tratados recientemente 30,6% presentaron respuesta viral sostenida (RVS), 29,0% fueron clasificados como reincidentes o relapser, 8,1% como respondedores parciales, 19,4% no tuvieron respuesta y 12,9% suspendieron el tratamiento por intolerancia. Conclusiones: el antecedente más frecuente para la adquisición del VHC en el grupo de pacientes estudiado fue la historia de transfusiones antes de 1992 asociada con cirugía ginecológica. Cerca de la mitad de los pacientes se diagnostican tardíamente. Se muestra una mayor tendencia al tratamiento de la hepatitis con tasas de RVS similares a las encontradas en otras series. Este estudio abre puertas a la realización de otros que permitan definir de forma más amplia la prevalencia, factores de riesgo y variables de respuesta al tratamiento de esta entidad en nuestro país.
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Involvement of androgen receptor and glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa in human hepatocarcinogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2014; 323:326-36. [PMID: 24583399 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the male-dominant diseases. Glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78/Bip), which has a role in cancer development, is one of the androgen response genes in prostate cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of AR on endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress signaling in human hepatoma. AR and GRP78 expressions were examined in human liver tissue panels. Human hepatoma cells stably expressing short hairpin RNA targeting AR and cells over-expressing AR were generated. The expressions of ER-stress molecules and AR were measured by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. The effect of AR on ER-stress responsive gene expression was examined by reporter assay. Strong positive correlation between AR mRNA and GRP78 mRNA was observed in stage I/II-HCCs. AR enhanced ER-stress responsive element activities and GRP78 expression, and regulated ER-stress response in hepatocytes. Sorafenib strongly induced significant apoptosis in HepG2 cells by the inhibition of AR and inhibition of the downstream GRP78. AR seems a co-regulator of GRP78 especially in earlier-stage HCC. AR plays a critical role in controlling ER-stress, providing new therapeutic options against HCC.
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Abstract
Intracellular free Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) is a highly versatile second messenger that regulates a wide range of functions in every type of cell and tissue. To achieve this versatility, the Ca(2+) signaling system operates in a variety of ways to regulate cellular processes that function over a wide dynamic range. This is particularly well exemplified for Ca(2+) signals in the liver, which modulate diverse and specialized functions such as bile secretion, glucose metabolism, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. These Ca(2+) signals are organized to control distinct cellular processes through tight spatial and temporal coordination of [Ca(2+)]i signals, both within and between cells. This article will review the machinery responsible for the formation of Ca(2+) signals in the liver, the types of subcellular, cellular, and intercellular signals that occur, the physiological role of Ca(2+) signaling in the liver, and the role of Ca(2+) signaling in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jimena Amaya
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Li Z, Yuan W, Ning S, Li J, Zhai W, Zhang S. Role of leptin receptor (LEPR) gene polymorphisms and haplotypes in susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Mol Diagn Ther 2013; 16:383-8. [PMID: 23090836 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-012-0008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The reported association of the leptin receptor (LEPR) protein with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carcinogenesis prompted us to evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms of the LEPR gene affect susceptibility to HCC and its clinicopathologic characteristics. METHODS A total of 417 subjects who were diagnosed with HCC and 551 age- and sex-matched subjects without HCC were enrolled in this study. All subjects had chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the LEPR gene were determined. RESULTS The genotype frequencies of Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg differed significantly between HCC and non-HCC subjects (both p < 0.001). For the Lys109Arg polymorphism, HCC subjects had a higher prevalence of 109Arg/Arg than non-HCC subjects. The 109Arg/Arg carriers had a significantly higher adjusted risk of HCC than the 109Lys/Lys carriers. For the Gln223Arg polymorphism, subjects with the 223Arg/Arg genotype had a significantly higher risk of HCC than those with the 223Gln/Gln genotype. The Lys656Asn SNP did not affect the HCC risk. Haplotype analyses showed that subjects with 109Lys-656Lys-223Arg and 109Arg-656Asn-223Arg haplotypes had an increased HCC risk, while the 109Lys-656Lys-223Gln and 109Lys-656Asn-223Gln haplotypes had protective effects against HCC development. None of these polymorphisms were related to the clinicopathologic features of HCC. CONCLUSION The Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg polymorphisms of the LEPR gene are associated with susceptibility to HCC but not with its clinicopathologic features. These polymorphisms may represent genetic markers for the risk of HCC in the context of chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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15
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Hamed O, Kimchi ET, Sehmbey M, Gusani NJ, Kaifi JT, Staveley-O'Carroll K. Impact of genetic targets on cancer therapy: hepatocellular cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 779:67-90. [PMID: 23288636 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6176-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding cancer at the genetic level had gained significant attention over the last decade since the human genome was first sequenced in 2001. For hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) a number of genome-wide profiling studies have been published. These studies have provided us with gene sets, based on which we can now classify tumors and have an idea about the likely clinical outcomes. In addition to that, genomic profiling for HCC has provided us a better understanding of the carcinogenesis process and identifies key steps at multiple levels (i.e. Genetics, molecular pathways) that can be potential targets for treatment and prevention. Although still an incurable disease, unresectable HCC has one proven systemic therapy, sorafenib, and many under active investigation. With advancement in technology and understanding of hepatocarcinogenesis, scientists hope to provide true personalized treatment for this disease in the near future. In this review article we discuss advances in understanding genetics and pathogenesis of HCC and the currently available and ongoing trials for targeted therapies. These emerging therapies may guide the development of more effective treatments or possibly a cure for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Hamed
- Department of Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Program of Liver, Pancreas, and Foregut Tumors, Penn State College Of Medicine, Mail Code H070, 500 University Derive, 850, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA.
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16
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Tan IDA, Ricciardelli C, Russell DL. The metalloproteinase ADAMTS1: a comprehensive review of its role in tumorigenic and metastatic pathways. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2263-76. [PMID: 23444028 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As it was first characterized in 1997, the ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease with ThromboSpondin motifs) metalloprotease family has been associated with many physiological and pathological conditions. Of the 19 proteases belonging to this family, considerable attention has been devoted to the role of its first member ADAMTS1 in cancer. Elevated ADAMTS1 promotes pro-tumorigenic changes such as increased tumor cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and altered vascularization. Importantly, it facilitates significant peritumoral remodeling of the extracellular matrix environment to promote tumor progression and metastasis. However, discrepancy exists, as several studies also depict ADAMTS1 as a tumor suppressor. This article reviews the current understanding of ADAMTS1 regulation and the consequence of its dysregulation in primary cancer and ADAMTS1-mediated pathways of cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izza de Arao Tan
- Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Univeristy of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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17
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Vitale G, Corona P, Loriga M, Carta A, Paglietti G, Giliberti G, Sanna G, Farci P, Marongiu ME, La Colla P. 5-Acetyl-2-arylbenzimidazoles as antiviral agents. Part 4. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 53:83-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Carta A, Briguglio I, Piras S, Corona P, Boatto G, Nieddu M, Giunchedi P, Marongiu ME, Giliberti G, Iuliano F, Blois S, Ibba C, Busonera B, La Colla P. Quinoline tricyclic derivatives. Design, synthesis and evaluation of the antiviral activity of three new classes of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7070-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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The hepatitis B virus X protein elevates cytosolic calcium signals by modulating mitochondrial calcium uptake. J Virol 2011; 86:313-27. [PMID: 22031934 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06442-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HBV X protein (HBx) is thought to play an important role in the development of HBV-associated HCC. One fundamental HBx function is elevation of cytosolic calcium signals; this HBx activity has been linked to HBx stimulation of cell proliferation and transcription pathways, as well as HBV replication. Exactly how HBx elevates cytosolic calcium signals is not clear. The studies described here show that HBx stimulates calcium entry into cells, resulting in an increased plateau level of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-linked calcium signals. This increased calcium plateau can be inhibited by blocking mitochondrial calcium uptake and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). Blocking SOCE also reduced HBV replication. Finally, these studies also demonstrate that there is increased mitochondrial calcium uptake in HBx-expressing cells. Cumulatively, these studies suggest that HBx can increase mitochondrial calcium uptake and promote increased SOCE to sustain higher cytosolic calcium and stimulate HBV replication.
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20
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Aoyama H, Sugita K, Nakamura M, Aoyama A, Salim MTA, Okamoto M, Baba M, Hashimoto Y. Fused heterocyclic amido compounds as anti-hepatitis C virus agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2675-87. [PMID: 21458278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We identified a fused heteroaromatic amido structure based on the phenanthridine skeleton as a superior scaffold for candidate drugs with potent anti-HCV activity. Among the compounds synthesized, a phenanthridine analogue with a 1,3-dioxolyl group (24) possessed the most potent anti-HCV activity (EC(50) value: 50 nM), with acceptable cytotoxicity. The structural development and structure-activity relationships of these compounds are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Aoyama
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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21
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Briguglio I, Piras S, Corona P, Carta A. Inhibition of RNA Helicases of ssRNA(+) Virus Belonging to Flaviviridae, Coronaviridae and Picornaviridae Families. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2010; 2011:213135. [PMID: 27516903 PMCID: PMC4970650 DOI: 10.1155/2011/213135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many viral pathogens encode the motor proteins named RNA helicases which display various functions in genome replication. General strategies to design specific and selective drugs targeting helicase for the treatment of viral infections could act via one or more of the following mechanisms: inhibition of the NTPase activity, by interferences with ATP binding and therefore by limiting the energy required for the unwinding and translocation, or by allosteric mechanism and therefore by stabilizing the conformation of the enzyme in low helicase activity state; inhibition of nucleic acids binding to the helicase; inhibition of coupling of ATP hydrolysis to unwinding; inhibition of unwinding by sterically blocking helicase translocation. Recently, by in vitro screening studies, it has been reported that several benzotriazole, imidazole, imidazodiazepine, phenothiazine, quinoline, anthracycline, triphenylmethane, tropolone, pyrrole, acridone, small peptide, and Bananin derivatives are endowed with helicase inhibition of pathogen viruses belonging to Flaviviridae, Coronaviridae, and Picornaviridae families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Briguglio
- Department of Medicinal and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sandra Piras
- Department of Medicinal and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Paola Corona
- Department of Medicinal and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Carta
- Department of Medicinal and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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22
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Giliberti G, Ibba C, Marongiu E, Loddo R, Tonelli M, Boido V, Laurini E, Posocco P, Fermeglia M, Pricl S. Synergistic experimental/computational studies on arylazoenamine derivatives that target the bovine viral diarrhea virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6055-68. [PMID: 20638852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Starting from a series of arylazoenamine derivatives, shown to be selectively and potently active against the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), we developed a hierarchical combined experimental/molecular modeling strategy to explore the drug leads for the BVDV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Accordingly, BVDV mutants resistant to lead compounds in our series were isolated, and the mutant residues on the viral molecular target, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, were identified. Docking procedures upon previously identified pharmacophoric constraints and actual mutational data were carried out, and the binding affinity of all active compounds for the RdRp was estimated. Given the excellent agreement between in silico and in vitro data, this procedure is currently being employed in the design a new series of more selective and potent BVDV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Giliberti
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
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23
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Nakamura M, Aoyama A, Salim MT, Okamoto M, Baba M, Miyachi H, Hashimoto Y, Aoyama H. Structural development studies of anti-hepatitis C virus agents with a phenanthridinone skeleton. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2402-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Pharmacophore modeling, resistant mutant isolation, docking, and MM-PBSA analysis: Combined experimental/computer-assisted approaches to identify new inhibitors of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2304-2316. [PMID: 20189812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Starting from a series of our new 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives, shown to be selectively and potently active against the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), we developed a hierarchical combined experimental/molecular modeling strategy to explore the drug leads for the BVDV RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase. Accordingly, a successful 3D pharmacophore model was developed, characterized by distinct chemical features that may be responsible for the activity of the inhibitors. BVDV mutants resistant to lead compounds in our series were then isolated, and the mutant residues on the viral molecular target, the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase, were identified. Docking procedures upon pharmacophoric constraints and mutational data were carried out, and the binding affinity of all active compounds for the RdRp were estimated. Given the excellent agreement between in silico and in vitro data, this procedure is currently being employed in the design a new series of more selective and potent BVDV inhibitors.
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25
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Sugita K, Baba M, T. A. Salim M, Okamoto M, Aoyama H, Hashimoto Y, Misawa T. Synthesis and Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Activity of Morpholino Triazine Derivatives. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-10-11961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Kossakowski J, Pakosinska-Parys M, Struga M, Dybala I, Koziol AE, La Colla P, Marongiu LE, Ibba C, Collu D, Loddo R. Synthesis and evaluation of in vitro biological activity of 4-substituted arylpiperazine derivatives of 1,7,8,9-tetrachloro-10,10-dimethoxy-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione. Molecules 2009; 14:5189-202. [PMID: 20032885 PMCID: PMC6255313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14125189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of twenty arylpiperazine derivatives of 1,7,8,9-tetrachloro-10,10-dimethoxy-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione have been prepared. These derivatives were tested in vitro with the aim of identifying novel lead compounds active against emergent and re-emergent human and cattle infectious diseases (AIDS, hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis, bovine viral diarrhea). In particular, these compounds were evaluated in vitro against representatives of different virus classes, such as a HIV-1 (Retrovirus), a HBV (Hepadnavirus) and the single-stranded RNA+ viruses Yellow fever virus (YFV) and Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), both belonging to the Flaviridae. Compounds 2c, 2g and 3d showed a modest activity against CVB-2. The molecular structures of the starting imide 1 and one of propyl-piperazine derivatives, 3b, have been determined by an X-ray crystallography study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Kossakowski
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University, 3 Oczki Str., 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marta Struga
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University, 3 Oczki Str., 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.S.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Izabela Dybala
- Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna E. Koziol
- Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paolo La Colla
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.S.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Laura Ester Marongiu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Ibba
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - David Collu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Loddo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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Hosoda S, Aoyama H, Goto Y, Salim MT, Okamoto M, Hashimoto M, Baba M, Hashimoto Y. Discovery of diphenylmethane analogs as anti-bovine diarrhea viral agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3157-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Aoyama H, Sako K, Sato S, Nakamura M, Miyachi H, Goto Y, Okamoto M, Baba M, Hashimoto Y. Polymethylated γ-Carbolines with Potent Anti-Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Activity. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(f)68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Luckhaupt SE, Calvert GM. Deaths due to bloodborne infections and their sequelae among health-care workers. Am J Ind Med 2008; 51:812-24. [PMID: 18651575 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The odds of dying from bloodborne infections among health-care workers has not been well studied. METHODS Using data from the National Occupational Mortality Surveillance (NOMS) system, a matched case-control design was employed to examine the relationship between health-care employment and death from HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV; non-A/non-B viral hepatitis), liver cancer, and cirrhosis from 1984 to 2004. We examined the whole health-care industry and specific health-care occupations. RESULTS From 1984 to 2004, NOMS captured 248,550 deaths from bloodborne pathogens and their sequelae. Employment in the health-care industry was associated with increased risk of death from HIV (MOR = 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.11-2.44), HBV (MOR = 1.98; CI = 1.58-2.48), and cirrhosis (MOR = 1.09; CI = 1.04-1.15) among males, and death from HCV among both males (MOR = 1.46; CI = 1.22-1.75) and females (MOR = 1.22; CI = 1.05-1.40). Nursing was the occupation with the highest MORs among males for HIV and HBV, but female nurses were at decreased risk of dying from HIV (MOR = 0.69; CI = 0.57-0.83). CONCLUSIONS Employment in the health-care industry was found to be associated with deaths from several bloodborne pathogens and their sequelae among males, but only with HCV among females from 1984 to 2004 in this exploratory study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Luckhaupt
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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30
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Carta A, Loriga M, Paglietti G, Ferrone M, Fermeglia M, Pricl S, Sanna T, Ibba C, La Colla P, Loddo R. Design, synthesis, and preliminary in vitro and in silico antiviral activity of [4,7]phenantrolines and 1-oxo-1,4-dihydro-[4,7]phenantrolines against single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome viruses. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:1914-27. [PMID: 17251029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Revised: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Following the antiviral screening of a wide series of new angular and linear N-tricyclic systems both in silico and in vitro, the [4,7]phenantroline nucleus emerged as a new ring system endowed with activity against viruses containing single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes (ssRNA+). Here, we report our new pathway to the synthesis of this nucleus and of several related derivatives, as well as the results of both cell-based antiviral assays and molecular dynamics simulations. In the antiviral screening, several compounds (9 and 16-20) showed to be fairly active against BVDV, CVB-2, and Polio 1 (EC50, 6-25 microM). According to molecular dynamics simulations, compounds (15) and (17) emerged for its potency against the HCV NS5B, with a calculated IC50 of 11-12 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carta
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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31
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Guzman G, Wu SJ, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Cotler SJ. Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR/P504S) can distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic hepatocytes from benign nondysplastic hepatocytes. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2007; 14:411-6. [PMID: 17122637 DOI: 10.1097/01.pai.0000208906.66618.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical staining with alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase AMACR (P504S) has been described in a number of normal tissues and was found to be useful for detecting malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim was to determine whether AMACR is differentially expressed in benign nondysplastic liver tissue, hepatocellular dysplasia, and HCC. The study material consisted of paraffin blocks containing primary HCC and surrounding liver tissue from 20 patients who underwent hepatectomy at the time of liver transplantation. Immunohistochemical stains were performed with anti-AMACR by standard methods. Staining features were characterized on the basis of the pattern and distribution of reactivity. A positive AMACR immunostain was defined as either finely stippled or coarsely granular in pattern, in a diffuse or parabasal cytoplasmic distribution. A negative AMACR immunostain was defined as absence of reactivity. Anti-AMACR immunostains were positive in malignant, dysplastic, and benign nondyplastic hepatocytes in all cases. The staining pattern was the same in malignant and dysplastic hepatocytes. It consisted of coarsely granular reactivity in a parabasal or diffuse cytoplasmic distribution. In contrast, benign nondysplastic hepatocytes were distinguished by weak, finely stippled diffuse cytoplasmic staining. Malignant and dysplastic hepatocytes showed an identical pattern of immunostaining for AMACR that was distinct from benign hepatocytes. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether staining for AMACR can distinguish HCC or dysplasia in cytologic and small histologic specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Guzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago Medical Center (UICMC), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Tsai MC, Kee KM, Chen YD, Lin LC, Tsai LS, Chen HH, Lu SN. Excess mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma and morbidity of liver cirrhosis and hepatitis in HCV-endemic areas in an HBV-endemic country: geographic variations among 502 villages in southern Taiwan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 22:92-8. [PMID: 17201888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate excess mortality for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and prevalence of hepatitis and liver cirrhosis (LC) in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-endemic areas in Taiwan, which is a hepatitis B virus (HBV)-endemic country. METHODS Tainan County, located in southern Taiwan, consists of 533 villages in 31 townships. A total of 56 702 subjects >or= 40 years old (mean age, 60.9 +/- 11.8 years) were enrolled from 502 of the 533 villages between April and November 2004 (n >or= 20/village). Serum blood HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and platelet counts were measured. Township-specific mortality for liver cancer (ICD = 155) for both sexes between 1992 and 2001 were obtained from official publications. RESULTS The prevalence of anti-HCV in Tainan County was 10.2% (township range, 2.6-30.9%; village range, 0-90.5%). The prevalence of HBsAg was 10.9% (township range, 5.5-17.2%; village range, 0-30.8%). The prevalence of hypertransaminemia (serum ALT > 40 IU/L) was 12.8%. At township levels, prevalence of anti-HCV (r2 = 0.92, P < 0.001), HBsAg and anti-HCV (multiple r2 = 0.94) were correlated with hypertransaminemia prevalence by single and multiple linear analysis, respectively. At village levels, prevalence of anti-HCV (r2 = 0.52, P < 0.001), HBsAg and anti-HCV (multiple r2 = 0.53) were each correlated with prevalence of hypertransaminemia, respectively. The prevalence of thrombocytopenia (<150,000 platelets/microL) was 5.5%, and adopted as a surrogate prevalence for LC. At township levels, prevalence of anti-HCV (r2 = 0.58) was the only factor correlated by multivariate analysis with prevalence of thrombocytopenia. At village levels, prevalence of anti-HCV and female-to-male ratio (multiple r2 = 0.43) were each independently associated with prevalence of thrombocytopenia. At township levels, HBsAg prevalence (r2 = 0.42) was more correlated with HCC mortality than anti-HCV prevalence (r2 = 0.28) for male subjects, while anti-HCV prevalence (r2 = 0.45) was more correlated with HCC mortality than HBsAg prevalence (r2 = 0.14) for female subjects. Prevalence of HBV and HCV infection were associated by multivariate analysis with both male (multiple r2 = 0.62) and female (multiple r2 = 0.53) HCC mortality. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of anti-HCV showed significant correlations with prevalence of hypertransaminemia, thrombocytopenia and liver cancer mortality. The findings indicate excessive mortality due to HCC, and LC and hepatitis prevalence in HCV-endemic areas in Taiwan, an HBV-endemic country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chin Tsai
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chronic hepatitis B infection and liver cancer. Biomed Imaging Interv J 2006; 2:e7. [PMID: 21614253 PMCID: PMC3097640 DOI: 10.2349/biij.2.3.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Revised: 12/16/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most well recognised human carcinogens. Since its discovery about 40 years ago, HBV has been studied extensively. This article summarises the evidence derived from various studies including epidemiological, animal model, histopathology studies and molecular genetics studies leading to the establishment of HBV as the main aetiological agent for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The reduction in the incidence of childhood HCC due to mass hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan is a dramatic demonstration of the critical aetiological role of hepatitis B in HCC. Thus it is essential for interventionalists to understand the epidemiological and pathogenesis of HCC to ensure optimal patient care.
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34
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Thomas MB, Abbruzzese JL. Opportunities for targeted therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:8093-108. [PMID: 16258107 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.00.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is the fifth most common solid tumor worldwide, accounting for 500,000 new cases annually. Although less common in the United States, HCC is expected to increase in incidence over the next two decades largely because of the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection. A majority of patients present with advanced disease and are not candidates for liver transplantation, surgical resection, or regional therapy. In 60% to 80% of patients with HCC, treatment is complicated by underlying liver cirrhosis and hepatic dysfunction. Systemic treatments are minimally effective, can have significant toxicity, and have not been shown to improve patient survival. New approaches targeting molecular abnormalities specific to HCC are needed to improve patient outcome. This review summarizes the state of knowledge of those key aspects of the molecular pathogenesis of HCC that may represent rational therapeutic targets in this disease. Relevant preclinical and clinical information on novel compounds directed toward abnormalities in HCC is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie B Thomas
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA.
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Zhang P, Zhang N, Korba BE, Hosmane RS. Synthesis and in vitro anti-hepatitis B and C virus activities of ring-expanded ('fat') nucleobase analogues containing the imidazo[4,5-e][1,3]diazepine-4,8-dione ring system. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:5397-401. [PMID: 16213713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2005] [Revised: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/01/2005] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As part of our structure-activity relationship studies, we report here the synthesis and in vitro anti-HBV and anti-HCV activities of a number of ring-expanded ('fat') nucleobases containing the imidazo[4,5-e][1,3]diazepine-4,8-dione ring system. One of the compounds, ZP-88, exhibited a good activity/toxicity profile against HBV by inhibition of the synthesis of extracellular virion release (EC(50)=1.7microM, CC(50)=286microM, SI=168) and intracellular HBV replication intermediates (EC(50)=8.4microM, CC(50)=286microM, SI=34) in cultured human hepatoblastoma 2.2.15 cells. By contrast, most of the compounds tested against HCV had only marginal activity/toxicity profile, although that was still better than that of the reference compound ribavirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
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