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Gao YY, Wang Q, Zhang S, Zhao J, Bao D, Zhao H, Wang K, Hu GX, Gao FS. Establishment and preliminary application of duplex fluorescence quantitative PCR for porcine circoviruses type 2 and type 3. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31779. [PMID: 38868040 PMCID: PMC11167290 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus types 2 (PCV2) and 3 (PCV3) are the two most prevalent porcine circoviruses in China, all of which can infect swine herds and cause serious diseases. To detect coinfection with PCV2 and PCV3, primers and probes for duplex PCV2 and PCV3 real-time PCR were designed to target their cap genes based on the constructed plasmids pUC57-PCV2 and pUC57-PCV3. The established duplex PCV2 and PCV3 real-time PCRs were specific to PCV2 and PCV3 and showed no cross-reactions with other porcine viral pathogens. The limit of detection was 5 and 50 copies for the PCV2 and PCV3 plasmids, respectively. The intra- and interassay repeatability had coefficients of variation below 3 %. The established methods were used to analyze clinical samples from Liaoning and Jilin provinces of China. The coinfection rates of PCV2 and PCV3 in pigs extensively fed in Liaoning and Jilin, large-scale farmed pigs in Liaoning and large-scale farmed pigs in Jilin were 15.0 % (6/40), 36.7 % (11/30) and 35.4 % (62/175), respectively. This study established a useful duplex PCV2 and PCV3 real-time PCR method that can be used for the detection of PCV2 and PCV3 in local clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yu Gao
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qian Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- ChangChun Sino Biotechnology CO., LTD., Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Di Bao
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Han Zhao
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Gui-Xue Hu
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Feng-Shan Gao
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, China
- The Dalian Animal Virus Antigen Epitope Screening and Protein Engineering Drug Developing Key Laboratory, Dalian, 116622, China
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Shuai J, Chen K, Wang Z, Zeng R, Ma B, Zhang M, Song H, Zhang X. A multiplex digital PCR assay for detection and quantitation of porcine circovirus type 2 and type 3. Arch Virol 2024; 169:119. [PMID: 38753197 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus (PCV) has become a major pathogen, causing major economic losses in the global pig industry, and PCV type 2 (PCV2) and 3 (PCV3) are distributed worldwide. We designed specific primer and probe sequences targeting PCV2 Cap and PCV3 Rap and developed a multiplex crystal digital PCR (cdPCR) method after optimizing the primer concentration, probe concentration, and annealing temperature. The multiplex cdPCR assay permits precise and differential detection of PCV2 and PCV3, with a limit of detection of 1.39 × 101 and 1.27 × 101 copies/reaction, respectively, and no cross-reaction with other porcine viruses was observed. The intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation (CVs) were less than 8.75%, indicating good repeatability and reproducibility. To evaluate the practical value of this assay, 40 tissue samples and 70 feed samples were tested for both PCV2 and PCV3 by cdPCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Using multiplex cdPCR, the rates of PCV2 infection, PCV3 infection, and coinfection were 28.45%, 1.72%, and 12.93%, respectively, and using multiplex qPCR, they were 25.00%, 0.86%, and 4.31%, respectively This highly specific and sensitive multiplex cdPCR thus allows accurate simultaneous detection of PCV2 and PCV3, and it is particularly well suited for applications that require the detection of small amounts of input nucleic acid or samples with intensive processing and complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbing Shuai
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zhongcai Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ruoxue Zeng
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Mingzhou Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Houhui Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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Fu PF, Wang YH, Liu G, Wang DM, Huang WW, Guo DQ, Li XY, Liu P, Wei MX, Lu M, Hong J. First molecular detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 4 in the Gansu Province of China. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293135. [PMID: 38315677 PMCID: PMC10843115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its initial discovery in the Hunan province of China, genomic DNA of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) has been detected in pigs across multiple provinces in China, as well as in South Korea. However, the prevalence of porcine circovirus type 4 in Gansu Province, China, remains unknown. To address this gap, we undertook an extensive study where we gathered 121 clinical samples displaying diverse clinical manifestations from pig farms in Gansu Province between 2022 and 2023. Employing a real-time fluorescence quantification method, we identified the presence of PCV4 genome. Out of the 121 clinical samples analyzed, 13 samples tested positive for PCV4, resulting in a positive rate of 10.74% (13/121). This finding confirms the presence of PCV4 in pig farms within Gansu Province, China. Furthermore, we successfully sequenced and analyzed the complete genomes of two distinct PCV4 strains, comparing them with 60 reference sequences archived in the GenBank database. The results revealed a high nucleotide homology (98.2-98.8%) between the strains obtained in this study and the PCV4 reference strains, indicating a relatively low evolutionary rate of the PCV4 genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that two strains in this study belong to PCV4a and PCV4c. As far as we know, this study marks the inaugural report on the molecular identification and genomic attributes of PCV4 in Gansu Province, China, offering valuable insights for devising preventive and control strategies against this emerging virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Fu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan Province, China
| | - Guo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan Province, China
| | - Duan-Qiang Guo
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin-Yang Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan Province, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan Province, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Wei
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan Province, China
| | - Min Lu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan Province, China
| | - Jun Hong
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan Province, China
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Peng Q, Shi J, Lang Y, Zhu Y, Huang X, Cao S, Yan Q, Zhao S. Phylogenetic Analysis and Serological Investigation of Porcine Circovirus Indicates Frequent Infection with Various Subtypes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15850. [PMID: 37958833 PMCID: PMC10649267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are notorious for triggering severe diseases in pigs and causing serious economic losses to the swine industry. In the present study, we undertook a comprehensive approach for the investigation of PCV prevalence, including the phylogenetic analysis of obtained PCV sequences, the determination of major circulating genotypes and serological screening based on different recombinant Cap proteins with specific immunoreactivity. Epidemiological surveillance data indicate that PCV2d and PCV3a are widely distributed in Southwest China, while PCV4 has only sporadic circulation. Meanwhile, serological investigations showed high PCV2 antibody positivity in collected serum samples (>50%), followed by PCV4 (nearly 50%) and PCV3 (30-35%). The analysis supports different circulation patterns of PCV2, PCV3 and PCV4 and illustrates the PCV2/PCV3 genetic evolution characteristics on a nationwide basis. Taken together, our findings add up to the current understanding of PCV epidemiology and provide new tools and insight for PCV antiviral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiqiang Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yifei Lang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yulan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Chen Y, Luo S, Tan J, Zhang L, Qiu S, Hao Z, Wang N, Deng Z, Wang A, Yang Q, Yang Y, Wang C, Zhan Y. Establishment and application of multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of four viruses associated with porcine reproductive failure. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1092273. [PMID: 36846754 PMCID: PMC9949525 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1092273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens cause reproductive failure in sows suffering a broad spectrum of sequelae, including abortions, stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, and infertility. Although various detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR, have been widely used for molecular diagnosis, mainly for a single pathogen. In this study, we developed a multiplex real-time PCR method for the simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3), porcine parvovirus (PPV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) associated with porcine reproductive failure. The R 2 values for the standard curve of multiplex real-time PCR of PCV2, PCV3, PPV, and PRV reached to 0.996, 0.997, 0.996, and 0.998, respectively. Importantly, the limit of detection (LoD) of PCV2, PCV3, PPV, and PRV, were 1, 10, 10, 10 copies/reaction, respectively. Meanwhile, specificity test results indicated that multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection is specific for these four target pathogens and does not react with other pathogens, such as classical swine fever virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Besides, this method had good repeatability with coefficients of variation of intra- and inter-assay less than 2%. Finally, this approach was further evaluated by 315 clinical samples for its practicality in the field. The positive rates of PCV2, PCV3, PPV, and PRV were 66.67% (210/315), 8.57% (27/315), 8.89% (28/315), and 4.13% (13/315), respectively. The overall co-infection rates of two or more pathogens were 13.65% (43/315). Therefore, this multiplex real-time PCR provides an accurate and sensitive method for the identification of those four underlying DNA viruses among potential pathogenic agents, allowing it to be applied in diagnostics, surveillance, and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shile Luo
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianmei Tan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Luhua Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shengwu Qiu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyou Hao
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Naidong Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhibang Deng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Aibing Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changjian Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Changjian Wang, ✉
| | - Yang Zhan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Yang Zhan, ✉
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Wang Y, Li R, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Hu S, Li Z. Visual and label-free ASFV and PCV2 detection by CRISPR-Cas12a combined with G-quadruplex. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1036744. [PMID: 36524221 PMCID: PMC9745048 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1036744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) are acute infectious diseases caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). At present, there are no effective vaccines for the prevention of ASFV. PMWS, which is harmful to the domestic and even the world pig industry, is difficult to cure and has a high mortality. So, developing simple, inexpensive, and accurate analytical methods to detect and effectively diagnose ASFV and PCV2 can be conducive to avoid ASFV and PCV2 infection. CRISPR has become a potentially rapid diagnostic tool due to recent discoveries of the trans-cleavage properties of CRISPR type V effectors. Herein, we report the visual detection based on CRISPR-Cas12a (cpf1), which is more convenient than fluorescence detection. Through in vitro cleavage target DNA activation, Cas12a can trans-cleavage ssDNA G-quadruplex. TMB/H2O2 and Hemin cannot be catalyzed by cleavaged G-DNA to produce green color products. This protocol is useful for the detection of ASFV and PCV2 with high sensitivity. This method can enable the development of visual and label-free ASFV and PCV2 detection and can be carried out in the field without relying on instruments or power. This method can complete nucleic acid detection at 37 °C without using other instruments or energy. Our research has expanded the application of Cas12a and laid the foundation for the field's rapid detection of viral nucleic acid in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weida Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sishun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Zili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
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Yang Y, Xu T, Wen J, Yang L, Lai S, Sun X, Xu Z, Zhu L. Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and type 3 (PCV3) in the Southwest of China during 2020-2022. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1042792. [PMID: 36504840 PMCID: PMC9731358 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1042792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is considered one of the viruses with substantial economic impact on swine industry in the word. Recently, porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) has been found to be associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)-like disease. And the two viruses were prone to co-infect clinically. Methods To further investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of the two viruses, 257 pig samples from 23 different pig farms in southwest China with suspected PCVAD at different growth stages were analyzed by real-time PCR between 2020 and 2022 to determine the presence of PCV2 and PCV3. Results Results showed high prevalence of PCV2 and PCV3: 26.46% samples were PCV2 positive and 33.46% samples were PCV3 positive. The coinfection rate was doubled from 2020 (5.75%) to 2022 (10.45%). Subsequently, the whole genome sequences of 13 PCV2 and 18 PCV3 strains were obtained in this study. Of these, 1 strain was PCV2a, 5 strains were PCV2b and 7 strains were PCV2d, indicating that PCV2d was the predominant PCV2 genotype prevalent in the Southwest of China. Discussion In addition, the phylogenetic analysis of PCV3 showed high nucleotide homology (>98%) between the sequences obtained in this study and reference sequences. And 3 mutations (A24V, R27K and E128D) were found in PCV3 antibody recognition domains, which might be related to the mechanism of viral immune escape. Thus, this study will enhance our understanding of the molecular epidemiology and evolution of PCV2 and PCV3, which are conducive to the further study of the genotyping, immunogenicity and immune evasion of PCVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhua Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,College of Veterinary Medicine Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemic Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,College of Veterinary Medicine Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemic Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Ling Zhu
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Xu T, You D, Wu F, Zhu L, Sun XG, Lai SY, Ai YR, Zhou YC, Xu ZW. First molecular detection and genetic analysis of porcine circovirus 4 in the Southwest of China during 2021–2022. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1052533. [PMID: 36406418 PMCID: PMC9668871 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1052533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) was identified in 2019 as a novel circovirus species and then proved to be pathogenic to piglets. However, there is a lack of its prevalence in the Southwest of China. To investigate whether PCV4 DNA existed in the Southwest of China, 374 samples were collected from diseased pigs during 2021–2022 and detected by a real-time PCR assay. The results showed that the positive rate of PCV4 was 1.34% (5/374) at sample level, and PCV4 was detected in two of 12 cities, demonstrating that PCV4 could be detected in pig farms in the Southwest of China, but its prevalence was low. Furthermore, one PCV4 strain (SC-GA2022ABTC) was sequenced in this study and shared a high identity (98.1–99.7%) with reference strains at the genome level. Combining genetic evolution analysis with amino acid sequence analysis, three genotypes PCV4a, PCV4b, and PCV4c were temporarily identified, and the SC-GA2022ABTC strain belonged to PCV4c with a specific amino acid pattern (239V for Rep protein, 27N, 28R, and 212M for Cap protein). Phylogenetic tree and amino acid alignment showed that PCV4 had an ancient ancestor with mink circovirus. In conclusion, the present study was the first to report the discovery and the evolutionary analysis of the PCV4 genome in pig herds of the Southwest of China and provide insight into the molecular epidemiology of PCV4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong You
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemic Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian-Gang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Si-Yuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Ru Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Zhou
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemic Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Wen Xu,
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Kong Z, Wang M, Shi X, Wang X, Zhang X, Chai L, Liu D, Shen Q. The functions of potential intermediates and fungal communities involved in the humus formation of different materials at the thermophilic phase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127216. [PMID: 35472639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Humus is the final product of humus precursors (HPS) during the humification process, while the associated mechanisms of humus formation have not been clarified. Here, the HPS degradation intermediate and core fungal function for wheat straw and chicken manure compost (SCM), cow dung compost (CD), Chinese traditional medicine residue compost (CTM) and mushroom dreg and chicken manure compost (MCM) was investigated during the thermophilic phase. The results showed SCM and MCM were rich in proteins, lipids, cellulose, low-molecular-weight organic acids, while CD and CTM contained abundant carbohydrates, aliphatic compounds, easily biodegradable aromatic structures, and intermediates from the lignocellulose degradation. In particular, the HPS degrading intermediates including O-alkyl-C and aromatic C compounds were the critical factors, and Scedosporium, Hypsizygus and Remersonia were the core fungal genera for the humification. Furthermore, the potential fungal functional genes involved in carbohydrate and lignin degradation might be the key factors to drive the humification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Kong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, People' Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People' Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People' Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, People' Republic of China
| | - Xiaoteng Shi
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People' Republic of China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, People' Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People' Republic of China
| | - Xiangkai Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, People' Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People' Republic of China
| | - Lifang Chai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, People' Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People' Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, People' Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People' Republic of China.
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, People' Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People' Republic of China
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10
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Five years of porcine circovirus 3: what have we learned about the clinical disease, immune pathogenesis, and diagnosis. Virus Res 2022; 314:198764. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Jia Y, Zhu Q, Xu T, Chen X, Li H, Ma M, Zhang Y, He Z, Chen H. Detection and genetic characteristics of porcine circovirus type 2 and 3 in Henan province of China. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 61:101790. [PMID: 35051595 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PCV2 is one of the most economically important viral agents in swine worldwide. Recently, PCV3 has been frequently reported, and the co-infection of PCV2 and PCV3 is common in China. In order to explore the distribution, epidemiology and genetic diversity of PCV2 and PCV3, a total of 1,760 clinical tissue samples were randomly collected from 18 different regions in Henan province of China from October 2018 to September 2019 and screened for the presence of PCV2 and PCV3 by a duplex real-time PCR assay. The results showed that the positive rates of PCV2 and PCV3 were 72.90% and 5.17% respectively, and the co-infection rate of the two viruses was 3.64%. PCV2 and PCV3 are prevalent all year round. The prevalence of PCV2 in diseased pigs was 83.98%, higher than that in slaughterhouse pigs, while the prevalence of PCV3 in diseased pigs was 2.16%, slightly lower than that in slaughterhouse pigs. Furthermore, the complete genomes of 14 PCV2 and 3 PCV3 strains were obtained, among which 1 belonged to PCV2a, 5 belonged to PCV2b and 8 belonged to PCV2d. A new variant strain (XX2) might escape the host immune system. The phylogenetic analysis of PCV3 showed high nucleotide identity (>98%) between sequences obtained in this study and reference sequences. The results of this study might enrich the epidemiological data of PCV2 and PCV3 in Henan province and provide reference information for the comprehensive prevention and control of PCVAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Jia
- College of Economics and Management, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianlei Zhu
- Henan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximeng Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibei Zhang
- College of Economics and Management, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zejun He
- College of Economics and Management, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongying Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Prevalence and genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and type 3 (PCV3) between 2018 and 2020 in central China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 94:105016. [PMID: 34325052 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD), causing substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. PCV3, as a recently discovered virus, is associated with porcine dermatitis, nephropathy syndrome, reproductive failure, congenital tremors, and other clinical symptoms. To further investigate the epidemic profile and genetic diversity of the two viruses, a total of 198 samples from swine at various growth stages suspected for PCVAD on 55 different pig farms between 2018 and 2020 were analyzed for presence of PCV2 and PCV3 by using a multiplex real-time PCR assay. Among the 198 samples, 113 (57.07%) and 72 (36.36%) were positive for PCV2 and PCV3 respectively, and 39 (19.7%) were positive for PCV2 and PCV3 co-infection. Subsequently, whole genome sequences of 34 PCV2 and 19 PCV3 strains were obtained from 30 and 19 clinical samples, respectively. Of these, 8 PCV2 strains belonged to PCV2a, 10 belonged to PCV2b and 16 belonged to PCV2d, indicating PCV2d was the predominant PCV2 genotype circulating in central China. Furthermore, co-infection of different PCV2 genotype strains was identified in three samples (JZ-4, KF-2 and JY-1), and a cross-recombination was found in the ORF2 region of the sequenced 13 PCV2d strains whose putative parental strains were LN6/1999 (MF278777) and MEX/41238/2014 (KT795287) strains. The phylogenetic analysis of PCV3 showed high nucleotide identity (>98%) among sequences obtained in this study and reference sequences. These data will aid our understanding of the molecular epidemiology and evolution of PCV2 and PCV3.
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13
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Hou CY, Zhang LH, Zhang YH, Cui JT, Zhao L, Zheng LL, Chen HY. Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus 4 in Henan Province of China: A retrospective study from 2011 to 2021. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1890-1901. [PMID: 34076964 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4), a novel circovirus, was first discovered in April 2019 in Hunan Province of China. At present, PCV4 infection has been detected in China and South Korea. However, until 2019, there was little information about its circulating status and genetic characteristics. To further clarify the origin and prevalence of PCV4, a total of 152 clinical samples collected from 49 different swine farms of 15 cities in Henan Province of China from 2011 to 2021 were tested for the presence of PCV4 by qPCR, and the complete genome of PCV4 strains was amplified from the positive samples and sequenced. Among these samples, 45.39% (69/152) were positive for PCV4 and 86.67% (13/15) of the cities and 67.35% (33/49) of the swine farms were positive for PCV4. The genome sequences of 15 PCV4 strains were obtained, of which two PCV4 strains (HN-ZMD-201212 and HN-XX-201212) were achieved from archival samples in 2012, indicating that PCV4 has been circulating for at least 10 years in Henan Province of China. The phylogenetic analysis showed that 15 PCV4 strains in our study together with PCV4 strain HNU-AHG1-2019 were clustered into an identical but separate evolutionary branch, with genomic identity ranging from 98.2% to 98.8%. Our research further provides significant epidemiological information on PCV4 in China, which will help understand the origin and genetic characteristics of this new virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yao Hou
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Hui Zhang
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Hang Zhang
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Tao Cui
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Lan Zheng
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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14
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Hou CY, Xu T, Zhang LH, Cui JT, Zhang YH, Li XS, Zheng LL, Chen HY. Simultaneous detection and differentiation of porcine circovirus 3 and 4 using a SYBR Green І-based duplex quantitative PCR assay. J Virol Methods 2021; 293:114152. [PMID: 33845107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) was a novel circovirus identified from diseased pigs in 2019 in Hunan Province, China, and PCV3 and PCV4 co-infection has been reported. In order to detect and differentiate PCV3 and PCV4 simultaneously, the SYBR Green І-based duplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was established in the present study. The two viruses could be easily distinguished by different Tm values: 86.5°C for PCV3 and 79°C for PCV4, while other porcine pathogens did not shown specific melting peaks. The detection limits of this duplex qPCR assay were 51.7 copies/μL for PCV3 and 67.7 copies/μL for PCV4, and both of the intra-assay and inter-assay of the CV analysis of this assay were less than 2.0 %. Sixty-four clinical samples from 22 different swine farms were screened by the duplex qPCR assay. The results showed that the positive detection rate of PCV3 was 37.5 % (24/64) and PCV4 was 34.38 % (22/64), and PCV3 and PCV4 co-infection rate was 17.19 % (11/64). The detection rate of the duplex qPCR assay was higher than that of the conventional PCR assay. The duplex qPCR was of high sensitivity and specificity, being able to provide technical support for clinical detection, differential diagnosis and control of PCV3 and PCV4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yao Hou
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Xu
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Hui Zhang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Tao Cui
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Hang Zhang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Sheng Li
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Lan Zheng
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Zheng LL, Cui JT, Qiao H, Li XS, Li XK, Chen HY. Detection and genetic characteristics of porcine bocavirus in central China. Arch Virol 2021; 166:451-460. [PMID: 33392822 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the epidemic profile and genetic diversity of porcine bocavirus (PBoV), 281 clinical samples, including 236 intestinal tissue samples and 45 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic piglets on 37 different pig farms in central China, and two SYBR Green I-based quantitative PCR assays were developed to detect PBoV1/2 and PBoV3/4/5, respectively. One hundred forty-eight (52.67%) of the 281 clinical samples were positive for PBoV1/2, 117 (41.63%) were positive for PBoV3/4/5, 55 (19.57%) were positive for both PBoV1/2 and PBoV3/4/5, and 86.49% (32/37) of the pig farms were positive for PBoV. Overall, the prevalence of PBoV was 74.73% (210/281) in central China. Subsequently, nearly full-length genomic sequences of two PBoV strains (designated CH/HNZM and PBoV-TY) from two different farms were determined. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the two PBoV strains obtained in this study belonged to the PBoV G2 group and had a close relationship to 10 other PBoV G2 strains but differed genetically from PBoV G1, PBoV G3, and seven other bocaviruses. CH/HNZM and PBoV-TY were closely related to the PBoV strain GD18 (KJ755666), which may be derived from the PBoV strains 0912/2012 (MH558677) and 57AT-HU (KF206160) through recombination. Compared with reference strain ZJD (HM053694)-China, more amino acid variation was found in the NS1 proteins of CH/HNZM and PBoV-TY. These data extend our understanding of the molecular epidemiology and evolution of PBoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Zheng
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63#, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Tao Cui
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63#, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Qiao
- College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Sheng Li
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63#, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63#, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake#15, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Kim HR, Lim DR, Chae HG, Park JY, Kim SH, Lee KK, Lee C, Lyoo YS, Park CK. Advanced target-specific probe-based real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the rapid and specific detection of porcine circovirus 3. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2336-2344. [PMID: 32526102 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is an emerging viral pathogen that has been identified in pigs with various clinical signs. For rapid and specific detection of PCV3, an advanced real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rLAMP) assay that uses both assimilating probes and swarm primers were developed and evaluated in this study. The assay specifically amplified PCV3 DNA, but it did not amplify other porcine viral nucleic acids. The limit of detection of rLAMP with swarm primers was 50 PCV3 DNA copies/reaction, which was comparable to that of the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and 10 times more sensitive than rLAMP without swarm primers. In an evaluation of clinical samples, the rLAMP assay was able to detect PCV3 DNA within 17.34 ± 4.45 min, which is more rapid than what has been previously reported for the standard qPCR assay (31.78 ± 4.60 min). Detection with rLAMP was largely in agreement with that of the qPCR with a kappa value (95% confidence interval) of 0.98 (0.95-1.00). Taken together, these results suggest that the rLAMP assay presented will be a valuable tool for rapid, specific and reliable diagnosis of PCV3 in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ryung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Rae Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Gyeong Chae
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hee Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- Animal Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young S Lyoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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17
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Li Y, Yu Z, Jiao S, Liu Y, Ni H, Wang Y. Development of a recombinase-aided amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of porcine circovirus 3. J Virol Methods 2020; 282:113904. [PMID: 32470487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a novel member of the genus Circovirus, first detected in the United States in 2016, with subsequent reports in many countries. PCV3 infections have caused serious economic losses in the pig industry. Alternative rapid and sensitive assays for PCV3 detection are needed for clinical diagnosis, especially in laboratories not equipped with more sophisticated equipment. Here, a real-time recombinase-aided amplification assay (RAA) was developed for PCV3 detection. Specific primers and probes targeting the conserved region of the capsid gene of PCV3 were designed. The assay was performed at 39 °C for 30 min using specialized equipment. Furthermore, 36 clinical samples were used to evaluate the RAA. The analytical sensitivity of the RAA for PCV3 was 38 copies per reaction at 95% probability level, using a probit regression model. There was no cross-reactivity with other DNA viruses belonging to the Circoviridae and Parvoviridae families. The detection rate agreed with that obtained by an established real-time PCR assay with a kappa value of 1.0. Our results demonstrated that this new RAA could be used for the rapid, accurate, and sensitive detection of PCV3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Li
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, PR China
| | - Zhaorong Yu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Suli Jiao
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, PR China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, PR China
| | - Hongxia Ni
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China.
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18
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Zheng HH, Zhang SJ, Cui JT, Zhang J, Wang L, Liu F, Chen HY. Simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus and porcine circovirus 3 by SYBR green I-based duplex real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 50:101524. [PMID: 31972226 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the SYBR green I-based duplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was developed for simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3). The assay was used to detect both CSFV and PCV3 in one sample by their distinct melting temperatures (melting peaks at 87°C for CSFV and 81.5 °C for PCV3), and no specific fluorescence signals were detected for other non-targeted porcine pathogens. The assay had a high degree of linearity (R2 > 0.998) with the detection limits of 23 copies/μL for CSFV and 36 copies/μL for PCV3, and exhibited high repeatability and reproducibility with a low coefficient of variation below 2.0% in both intra- and inter-assay. In this study, 130 clinical samples collected from sick pigs in the field were tested by this assay with the positive rates of 9.23% (12/130) for CSFV and 21.54% (28/130) for PCV3 respectively, and the positive rate of CSFV and PCV3 co-infection was 6.92% (9/130). Our results showed that the developed method was a reliable diagnostic tool to monitor and survey CSFV, PCV3 and CSFV/PCV3 co-infection in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Jian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Tao Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Leyi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China; Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Zhang S, Hu B, Xia X, Xu Y, Hang B, Jiang J, Hu J. Highly Sensitive Detection of PCV2 Based on Tyramide Signals and GNPL Amplification. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234364. [PMID: 31795334 PMCID: PMC6930645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequent emergence of secondary infection and immunosuppression after porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection highlights the need to develop sensitive detection methods. A dual-signal amplification enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on a microplate coated with gold nanoparticle layers (GNPL) and tyramide signal amplification (TSA) was established. Results confirmed that the microplates coated with GNPL have a strong binding ability to the antibody without affecting the biological activity of the antibody. The microplates coated with GNPL have strong binding ability to the antibody, and the amplification of the tyramide signal is combined to further improve the sensitivity of PCV2. The PCV2 antibody does not crossreact with other viruses, demonstrating that the method has good specificity. A dual-signal amplification strategy is developed using microplates modified with GNPL and TSA to sensitively detect PCV2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianhe Hu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0373-3040718
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20
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Duplex TaqMan real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection and quantification of Anaplasma capra and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. Mol Cell Probes 2019; 49:101487. [PMID: 31731011 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anaplasma capra and A. phagocytophilum, two species of the family Anaplasmataceae, are zoonotic tick-borne obligate intracellular bacteria affecting wild and domestic ruminants, dogs, cats, horses and humans. A. capra and A. phagocytophilum infections have been steadily increasing in both number and geographic distribution, and the accurate diagnosis of these infections is challenging. This study aimed to develop a rapid, sensitive and reliable duplex real-time PCR assay for the specific detection and differentiation of these Anaplasma species. We designed primers and probes against the conserved regions of A. capra groEL and A. phagocytophilum 16S rRNA genes. A range of PCR-related parameters were evaluated such as the dosage of primers and probes, and annealing temperature. The specificity, sensitivity and repeatability of this assay were evaluated. Assay performance was further evaluated using samples collected from 124 goats in four regions of Henan, China. This set of samples was also tested using conventional PCR under conditions previously described. The developed duplex real-time PCR assay allowed the simultaneous detection of A. capra and A. phagocytophilum in a reasonably short time at levels as small as 102 copies/μL, respectively, with optimal specificity and reproducibility. In addition, this duplex real-time PCR assay is the first DNA-based method designed to detect A. capra and A. phagocytophilum, and will be valuable for timely diagnosis and treatment of these infections.
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