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Santinello M, Penasa M, Goi A, Rampado N, Hocquette JF, De Marchi M. Relationships between European carcass evaluation and Meat Standards Australia grading scheme applied to young beef cattle. Meat Sci 2024; 216:109575. [PMID: 38943842 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The European carcass grading scheme (EUROP) places large emphasis on meat yield and therefore on quantitative traits such as carcass conformation and superficial fat coverage. However, it falls short in considering sensory properties and consumer satisfaction. In contrast, the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) grading scheme considers, among others, animals' ossification, marbling, and ultimate pH as primary indicators of beef eating quality. This study aims to characterize MSA carcass grading scheme applied to the Italian beef production system, considering its significant role in European beef market. The study involved 3204 Charolais, Limousin, and crossbred young bulls and heifers slaughtered in a commercial Italian abattoir. Data collection spanned a broad range of variables, including animal characteristics, MSA traits, and EUROP carcass grading traits. Regardless of the sex of the animal, no significant relationship was observed between MSA traits and EUROP carcass grading scores. Factors such as sex, age, and arrival season at the fattening unit significantly affected most of MSA traits. Females had significantly higher marbling score, and lower ossification score and hump height than males. Animals imported in autumn and winter had significantly lower marbling score, but similar ossification score compared to those imported in spring and summer. Older females had the highest marbling scores. While further research is needed to assess whether the MSA grading scheme can be adapted to all different European rearing systems, results of this study are a prelude to the potential benefits that the MSA grading scheme can bring to the European beef industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santinello
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Arianna Goi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Nicola Rampado
- Associazione Zootecnica Veneta (AZoVe), Via del Macello 9, 35013 Cittadella, PD, Italy
| | - Jean-François Hocquette
- INRAE, Clermont Auvergne University, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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Application of Ultrasound Images Texture Analysis for the Estimation of Intramuscular Fat Content in the Longissimus Thoracis Muscle of Beef Cattle after Slaughter: A Methodological Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041117. [PMID: 33924697 PMCID: PMC8069777 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fat content in the muscle mass (IMF) is one of the most important characteristics influencing the aroma, tenderness, and juiciness of the meat and therefore has high importance for both commercialization purposes and consumers. However, IMF determination currently relies on visual inspection, which is a subjective and inconsistent technique. The aim of the present study is the elaboration of a procedure capable of predicting IMF% in beef carcasses using ultrasound imaging texture analysis. Ultrasound images taken on meat samples were compared to meat composition measured by chemical extraction. Determination coefficient between the two techniques was R2 = 0.76, while Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis showed a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 90%. The results therefore suggest that the described procedure is expected to determine IMF% in muscle with good accuracy. Ultrasound imaging could be applied in routine beef grading practices. This may help to solve the issues related to subjectivity and leave to the operator only imaging acquisition. Better consistency in beef products could enhance consumers’ satisfaction and commercial standardization programs. Abstract Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a major trait in the evaluation of beef meat, but its determination is subjective and inconsistent and still relies on visual inspection. This research objective was a method to predict IMF% from beef meat using ultrasound (US) imaging texture analysis. US images were performed on the longissimus thoracis muscle of 27 Charolaise heifers. Cuts from the 12th to 13th ribs were scanned. The lipid content of the muscle samples was determined with the petrol ether (Randall) extraction method. A stepwise linear discriminant analysis was used to screen US texture parameters. IMF% measured by chemical extraction (IMFqa) was the dependent variable and the results of the texture analysis were the explanatory variables. The model highlighted seven parameters, as a predictive and a multiple regression equation was created. Prediction of IMF content (IMFpred) was then validated using IMFqa as ground truth. Determination coefficient between IMFqa and IMFpred was R2 = 0.76, while the ROC analysis showing a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 90%. Bland-Altman plot upper and lower limit were +1.34 and −1.42, respectively (±1.96 SD), with a mean of −0.04. The results from the present study therefore suggest that prediction of IMF content in muscle mass by US texture analysis is possible.
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Pitchford WS, Trotta CM, Hebart ML, Miller SM, Rutley DL. Yield measurement is valuable for pricing beef carcasses. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
The most common way of pricing beef carcasses is through a price grid. Most processors make greater profit from higher-quality carcasses, which are those with higher meat yield and eating quality.
Aims
The aim of this study was to calculate the value of diverse carcasses and compare pricing mechanisms on their ability to discriminate variation in meat yield and predicted eating quality.
Methods
Hereford cross steer carcasses (153) were boned out to record saleable meat and yield. Six methods were used to calculate carcass price (AU$/kg). All were adjusted to the same average carcass value to allow comparisons, assuming that the overall payment does not change, but comparing the effect of having greater premiums and discounts. The six prices were based on a commercial grid, grid plus eating quality premium, yield of saleable meat only (constant price for all saleable meat), yield with eating quality premium, then the yield prices with optimum (quadratic) weight and fatness penalties based on grid optimums.
Key results
Measurements of meat quality (eye muscle area and marble score) or saleable meat yield accounted for no variation in the grid price. However, measurement of yield accounted for substantial variation in prices calculated from yield and eating quality.
Conclusions
The current grids do not encourage high-quality meat production and, assuming that yield and eating quality are important to processors, an actual measurement of yield is crucial to guide processing decisions (e.g. cutting plans) to maximise carcass value and feed market signals back to beef producers.
Implications
Improved measurement of meat yield is required if carcass prices are to reflect carcass quality or the potential value captured.
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Baker LA, Burrows AM, Nonella KJ, Pipkin JL, Holmes LD, McEvers TJ, Tennant TC, Tisdale ZM, Voyles AH, Lawrence TE. Relationship between live body condition score and carcass fat measures in equine. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa179. [PMID: 33196015 PMCID: PMC7647347 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationships between live body condition score (BCS) and carcass fat depots have not been well established in equine. Our study was designed to quantify the relationship between BCS and fat depot measurements from equine carcasses. Live horses (n = 429) were evaluated immediately prior to immobilization at a commercial equine processor. Horses were independently assigned a BCS by a panel of three trained evaluators; BCS was evaluated by visual appraisal and manual palpation of the neck, withers, back, ribs, behind the shoulder, and tailhead. Median BCS frequencies were: 3.0 (n = 9), 4.0 (n = 43), 5.0 (n = 116), 6.0 (n = 86), 7.0 (n = 72), 8.0 (n = 76), and 9.0 (n = 27). Sex (stallion [n = 5], mare [n = 159], or gelding [n = 114]) and breed type (draft [n = 56], stock [n = 363], pony [n = 8], or mule [n =3]) were also denoted. Horses were processed for human consumption according to industry-accepted procedures under the supervision of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. During the harvest process, all kidney–pelvic–heart (KPH) fat was trimmed from the carcass and weighed. After chilling, the marbling score was subjectively evaluated using beef grading standards. Carcass fat trim was weighed during the fabrication process. As BCS increased, hot carcass weight (HCW), absolute KPH weight, KPH expressed as a percentage of HCW, marbling score, neck fat depth, absolute weight of trimmed carcass fat, and trimmed carcass fat as a percentage of HCW increased (P < 0.01). A strong correlation (r = 0.74; P < 0.01) was detected between BCS and absolute KPH weight. Similarly, correlations between BCS and percentage of KPH (r = 0.65), neck fat depth (r = 0.60), absolute trimmed carcass fat (r = 0.58), trimmed carcass fat as a percentage of HCW (r = 0.54), marbling score (r = 0.54), and HCW (r = 0.52) were also detected (P < 0.01). These data indicate a strong relationship between subjective live BCS and objectively measured carcass fat depots in various equine breed types and sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance A Baker
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
| | - Amanda M Burrows
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
| | - Kelsey J Nonella
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
| | - John L Pipkin
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
| | - Logan D Holmes
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
| | - Trent J McEvers
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
| | - Travis C Tennant
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
| | - Zane M Tisdale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
| | - Austin H Voyles
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
| | - Ty E Lawrence
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
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Pewan SB, Otto JR, Kinobe RT, Adegboye OA, Malau-Aduli AEO. MARGRA Lamb Eating Quality and Human Health-Promoting Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles of Tattykeel Australian White Sheep: Linebreeding and Gender Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1118. [PMID: 33198363 PMCID: PMC7697536 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Health-conscious consumers increasingly demand healthier, tastier, and more nutritious meat, hence the continuous need to meet market specifications and demand for high-quality lamb. We evaluated the longissimus dorsi muscle of 147 Tattykeel Australian White (TAW) sheep fed on antioxidant-rich ryegrass pastures exclusive to MAGRA lamb brand for meat eating quality parameters of intramuscular fat (IMF) content, fat melting point (FMP) and omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). The aim was to assess the impact of linebreeding and gender on pasture-fed lamb eating quality and to test the hypothesis that variation in healthy lamb eating quality is a function of lamb gender and not its antioxidant status or inbreeding coefficient (IC). After solid-phase extraction and purification, phenolics and antioxidant enzyme activities were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. IMF and fatty acid composition were determined using solvent extraction and gas chromatography, respectively. IC was classified into low (0-5%), medium (6-10%) and high (>10%) and ranged from 0-15.6%. FMP and IMF ranged from 28 to 39 °C and 3.4% to 8.2%, with overall means of 34.6 ± 2.3 °C and 4.4 ± 0.2%, respectively, and n-3 LC-PUFA ranged from "source" to "good source" levels of 33-69 mg/100 g. Ewes had significantly (P ˂ 0.0001) higher IMF, C22:5n-3 (DPA), C22:6n-3 (DHA), C18:3n-6, C20:3, C22:4n-6, C22:5n-6, total monounsaturated (MUFA), PUFA and Σn-3 fatty acids and lower total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and FMP, than rams. As IC increased, there were no differences in FMP and IMF. Folin-Ciocalteu total phenolics, ferric reducing antioxidant power and antioxidant activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes did not differ by either gender or IC. This study provides evidence that IC is inconsequential in affecting antioxidant status, IMF, FMP and n-3 LC-PUFA in linebred and pasture-fed TAW sheep because the observed variation in individual fatty acids was mainly driven by gender differences between ewes and rams, hence the need to accept the tested hypothesis. This finding reinforces the consistent healthy eating quality of MARGRA lamb brand from TAW sheep regardless of its linebred origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shedrach Benjamin Pewan
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.T.K.)
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Private Mail Bag 01 Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - John Roger Otto
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Robert Tumwesigye Kinobe
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Oyelola Abdulwasiu Adegboye
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.T.K.)
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Seo HW, Ba HV, Seong PN, Kim YS, Kang SM, Seol KH, Kim JH, Moon SS, Choi YM, Cho S. Relationship between body size traits and carcass traits with primal cuts yields in Hanwoo steers. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:127-133. [PMID: 32819065 PMCID: PMC7888490 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between body size traits, carcass traits, and primal cuts in Hanwoo steers. Methods Sixty-one beef carcasses were classified for conformation and primal cut weight. Additionally, carcass weight, fat thickness, carcass dimensions, and longissimus muscle area were determined to complement the grading. Results The average live weight and cold carcass weight were 759 and 469 kg, respectively. The mean carcass meat, fat, and bone proportions were 551, 298, and 151 g/kg, respectively. Primal cuts weights showed significant positive correlations (p<0.001) of 0.42 to 0.82 with live weight, carcass weight, and longissimus muscle area and a significant negative correlation with carcass fat (without shank, −0.38 to −0.10). Primal cut weights were positively correlated (p<0.01) with carcass length (0.41 to 0.77), forequarter length (0.33 to 0.57), 6th lumbar vertebrae–heel length (0.33 to 0.59), 7th cervical vertebrae carcass breadth (0.35 to 0.58), 5th to 6th thoracic vertebrae breadth (0.36 to 0.65), 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth (0.38 to 0.63), and coxae girth (0.34 to 0.56) and non-significantly related to cervical vertebrae length and coxae thickness. Conclusion There was a high correlation among live weight, carcass weight, longissimus muscle area, carcass length, 7th cervical vertebrae carcass breadth, 5th to 6th thoracic vertebrae breadth, and 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth of the primal cuts yield. The correlation between fat and primal cut yields was highly significant and negative. Carcass length and 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth, appear to be the most important traits affecting primal cut yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Seo
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hoa Van Ba
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Pil-Nam Seong
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Yun-Seok Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Sun-Moon Kang
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Kuk-Hwan Seol
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyoung Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | | | - Yong-Min Choi
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Soohyun Cho
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
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Liu J, Chriki S, Ellies-Oury MP, Legrand I, Pogorzelski G, Wierzbicki J, Farmer L, Troy D, Polkinghorne R, Hocquette JF. European conformation and fat scores of bovine carcasses are not good indicators of marbling. Meat Sci 2020; 170:108233. [PMID: 32688221 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Marbling is one of the primary carcass attributes utilized in most beef grading systems for eating quality evaluation. In Europe, the current beef grading system is the EUROP grid, which is focused on carcass commercial value and production yield rather than eating quality estimation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between marbling and the most common scores for carcass classification in Europe. If there are strong associations between marbling and European classification scores, marbling score may be estimated from the carcass characteristics. However, this study indicated that European classification scores explain only a slight proportion of the variance in marbling score (32%, 46%, 34% and 21% for the entire cattle group, young bulls, females and steers, respectively). Therefore, whereas the EUROP grid is well adapted to estimate yield, it does not reflect marbling at all. The European beef industry should take into account additional indicators related to beef palatability to assist the determination of the commercial value of carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Vetagro Sup, UMR1213, Recherches sur les Herbivores, F-63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Sghaier Chriki
- Isara - Agro School for Life, 23 rue Jean Baldassini, 69364, Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Ellies-Oury
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Vetagro Sup, UMR1213, Recherches sur les Herbivores, F-63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, France; Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 1 cours du Général de Gaulle, CS 40201, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - Isabelle Legrand
- Institut de l'Elevage, Service Qualité des Viandes, MRAL, 87060 Limoges Cedex 2, France
| | - Grzegorz Pogorzelski
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wierzbicki
- Polish Beef Association Ul, Smulikowskiego 4, 00-389, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Linda Farmer
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
| | - Declan Troy
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin D15 KN3K, Ireland
| | | | - Jean-François Hocquette
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Vetagro Sup, UMR1213, Recherches sur les Herbivores, F-63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, France.
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Pewan SB, Otto JR, Huerlimann R, Budd AM, Mwangi FW, Edmunds RC, Holman BWB, Henry MLE, Kinobe RT, Adegboye OA, Malau-Aduli AEO. Genetics of Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism and Meat Eating Quality in Tattykeel Australian White Lambs. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E587. [PMID: 32466330 PMCID: PMC7288343 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat eating quality with a healthy composition hinges on intramuscular fat (IMF), fat melting point (FMP), tenderness, juiciness, flavour and omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) content. These health-beneficial n-3 LC-PUFA play significant roles in optimal cardiovascular, retinal, maternal and childhood brain functions, and include alpha linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic (DHA) and docosapentaenoic (DPA) acids. The primary objective of this review was to access, retrieve, synthesise and critically appraise the published literature on the synthesis, metabolism and genetics of n-3 LC-PUFA and meat eating quality. Studies on IMF content, FMP and fatty acid composition were reviewed to identify knowledge gaps that can inform future research with Tattykeel Australian White (TAW) lambs. The TAW is a new sheep breed exclusive to MARGRA brand of lamb with an outstanding low fat melting point (28-39°C), high n-3 LC-PUFA EPA+DHA content (33-69mg/100g), marbling (3.4-8.2%), tenderness (20.0-38.5N) and overall consumer liking (7.9-8.5). However, correlations between n-3 LC-PUFA profile, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FASN), other lipogenic genes and meat quality traits present major knowledge gaps. The review also identified research opportunities in nutrition-genetics interactions aimed at a greater understanding of the genetics of n-3 LC-PUFA, feedlot finishing performance, carcass traits and eating quality in the TAW sheep. It was concluded that studies on IMF, FMP and n-3 LC-PUFA profiles in parental and progeny generations of TAW sheep will be foundational for the genetic selection of healthy lamb eating qualities and provide useful insights into their correlations with SCD, FASN and FABP4 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shedrach Benjamin Pewan
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (F.W.M.); (R.C.E.); (R.T.K.)
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Private Mail Bag 01, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - John Roger Otto
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (F.W.M.); (R.C.E.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Roger Huerlimann
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; (R.H.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Alyssa Maree Budd
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; (R.H.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Felista Waithira Mwangi
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (F.W.M.); (R.C.E.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Richard Crawford Edmunds
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (F.W.M.); (R.C.E.); (R.T.K.)
| | | | - Michelle Lauren Elizabeth Henry
- Gundagai Meat Processors, 2916 Gocup Road, South Gundagai, New South Wales 2722, Australia;
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robert Tumwesigye Kinobe
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (F.W.M.); (R.C.E.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Oyelola Abdulwasiu Adegboye
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;
| | - Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (F.W.M.); (R.C.E.); (R.T.K.)
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Kim DG, Shim JY, Cho BK, Wakholi C, Seo Y, Cho S, Lee WH. Discrimination study between carcass yield and meat quality by gender in Korean native cattle (Hanwoo). ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:1202-1208. [PMID: 31480131 PMCID: PMC7322650 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to identify a distribution pattern of meat quality grade (MQG) as a function of carcass yield index (CYI) and the gender of Hanwoo (bull, cow, and steer) to determine the optimum point between both yield and quality. We also attempted to identify how pre- and post-deboning variables affect the gender-specific beef quality of Hanwoo. Methods A total of 31 deboning variables, consisting of 7 pre-deboning and 24 post-deboning variables from bulls (n = 139), cows (n = 69), and steers (n = 153), were obtained from the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) in South Korea. The database was reconstructed to be suitable for a statistical significance test between the CYI and the MQG as well as classification of meat quality. Discriminant function analysis was used for classifying MQG using the deboning parameters of Hanwoo by gender. Results The means of CYI according to 1+, 1, 2, and 3 of MQG were 68.64±2.02, 68.85± 1.94, 68.62±5.88, and 70.99±3.32, respectively. High carcass yield correlated with low-quality grade, while high-quality meat most frequently was obtained from steers. The classification ability of pre-deboning parameters was higher than that of post-deboning parameters. Moisture and the shear force were the common significant parameters in all discriminant functions having a classification accuracy of 80.6%, 71%, and 56.9% for the bull, cow, and steer, respectively. Conclusion This study provides basic information for predicting the meat quality by gender using pre-deboning variables consistent with the actual grading index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Gyun Kim
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Collage of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Shim
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Collage of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,Agricultural Bigdata Division, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Korea
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Collage of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Collins Wakholi
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Collage of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Youngwook Seo
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Korea
| | - Soohyun Cho
- Animal Products Utilization Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Wang-Hee Lee
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Collage of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Gálvez F, Maggiolino A, Domínguez R, Pateiro M, Gil S, De Palo P, Carballo J, Franco D, Lorenzo JM. Nutritional and meat quality characteristics of seven primal cuts from 9-month-old female veal calves: a preliminary study. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2947-2956. [PMID: 30471118 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beef is a highly nutritious and valuable food. In order to complete its nutritional information, this study determined the chemical and physicochemical parameters and fatty acid, amino acid and mineral contents in seven primal cuts from veal carcasses (shoulder clod (SC), inside round (IR), eye of round (ER), bottom round (BR), heel of round (HR), knuckle (KK) and tenderloin (TL)). RESULTS The intramuscular fat content was higher and the cholesterol content was lower in TL than in the other cuts. The colour parameters also varied in the different primal cuts. The L* and b* values were highest in ER. Cooking losses were significantly (P < 0.001) affected by the cut of meat ranging from 20.85% in HR to 29.01% in ER. Determination of the shear force values permitted us to establish more tender muscle (TL with shear force 16.45 N cm-2 ) and less tender muscle (IR with shear force 47.27 N cm-2 ). The nutritional indices and fatty acid profile indicated that HR is the healthiest cut. All cuts evaluated provide important levels of dietary amino acids, although the contents of both essential and non-essential amino acids were highest in HR. Finally, K, Zn and Fe were affected by the type of veal cut. CONCLUSIONS All primal cuts of veal provide important nutrients for human diets. The information of this research allows consumers to make healthful food choices, creating diets aimed at trying to correct deficiencies and providing objective data that differentiate between differently priced cuts of veal. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - Sandra Gil
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Javier Carballo
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Daniel Franco
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
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11
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Assessment of muscle Longissimus thoracis et lumborum marbling by image analysis and relationships between meat quality parameters. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202535. [PMID: 30133495 PMCID: PMC6104982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intramuscular fat (IMF), recognized by the consumer as marbling, is an important meat quality trait. The objective of this study was to validate a new method of beef marbling evaluation by image analysis. The new assessment was compared with two known marbling measurements: chemical IMF and USDA scores. Moreover, the relationship between marbling measurements and other meat quality parameters was investigated. Samples of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle were obtained from carcasses of 39 Italian crossbred heifers and 62 Angus bred heifers, that underwent two different dietary treatments. The use of various breeds and diets was chosen to obtain different intramuscular fat levels, in order to validate the use of Image J software for the analysis of different type of beef meat. The images of fresh cuts were appraised by experienced beef graders, and the samples were used to determine fat content by chemical Soxhlet extraction. Carcasses measurements according to the EUROP system, and other physical meat proprieties were also assessed. The results demonstrated that the marbling measurements obtained by computer image analysis, such as the number of marbling particles, the average particle size (mm), and the percentage of marbling particles (%), significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with USDA scores and IMF content. Moreover, the principal component analysis (PCA) showed three principal meat components, identified as 1) color, 2) fat, and 3) water release. The second principal component (PC) explained 24.94% of variance, and was positively correlated with image analysis measures, USDA score, and IMF, while negatively correlated with the Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF).
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12
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Review: The variability of the eating quality of beef can be reduced by predicting consumer satisfaction. Animal 2018; 12:2434-2442. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Monteils V, Sibra C, Ellies-Oury MP, Botreau R, De la Torre A, Laurent C. A set of indicators to better characterize beef carcasses at the slaughterhouse level in addition to the EUROP system. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Nogalski Z, Pogorzelska-Przybyłek P, Białobrzewski I, Modzelewska-Kapituła M, Sobczuk-Szul M, Purwin C. Estimation of the intramuscular fat content of m. longissimus thoracis in crossbred beef cattle based on live animal measurements. Meat Sci 2017; 125:121-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Beriain MJ, Sánchez M, Insausti K, Sarries MV, Soret B. A comparison of sensory acceptance, purchase intention, and willingness to pay for Pirenaica beef from two different slaughter weight groups, under different consumer information scenarios. J SENS STUD 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Beriain
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía; Pamplona Spain
| | - M. Sánchez
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía; Pamplona Spain
| | - K. Insausti
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía; Pamplona Spain
| | - M. V. Sarries
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía; Pamplona Spain
| | - B. Soret
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía; Pamplona Spain
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Al-Jammas M, Agabriel J, Vernet J, Ortigues-Marty I. The chemical composition of carcasses can be predicted from proxy traits in finishing male beef cattle: A meta-analysis. Meat Sci 2016; 119:174-84. [PMID: 27206053 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Management practices can contribute to improving carcass quality if carcass quality could be simply evaluated under a wide range of conditions. The objective of this study was to derive quantitative relationships between the most accurate (but laborious) measurements of carcass chemical composition and proxy traits easily obtainable at slaughter (yield grade, subcutaneous fat thickness, marbling, ribeye area and hot carcass weight) by meta-analysis. Data from 34 publications using male beef cattle were used to develop and validate the models. The breeds were characterized according to origin, rate of maturity, production purpose and frame size. The results indicated that the changes in carcass fat and protein can be predicted from the yield grade or subcutaneous fat thickness, and hot carcass weight, with prediction errors ranging between 9 and 12%. Including the breed characteristics in the models did not improve the fit. The relationships are applicable to group values of male beef cattle having light and fatty carcasses from early-maturing British breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al-Jammas
- INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213 Herbivores, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J Agabriel
- INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213 Herbivores, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J Vernet
- INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213 Herbivores, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - I Ortigues-Marty
- INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213 Herbivores, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Peña F, Santos R, Juárez M, Avilés C, Domenech V, González A, Martínez A, Molina A. The use of ultrasound scanning at different times of the finishing period in lean cattle. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Guzek D, Głąska D, Pogorzelski G, Kozań K, Pietras J, Konarska M, Sakowska A, Głąski K, Pogorzelska E, Barszczewski J, Wierzbicka A. Variation of meat quality parameters due to conformation and fat class in limousin bulls slaughtered at 25 to 27 months of age. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:716-22. [PMID: 25049844 PMCID: PMC4093322 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of age of animal, hot carcass weight, pH, conformation and fat class on basic beef quality attributes (tenderness, sarcomere length, basic chemical composition, marbling and colour) in a group of purebred animals. The object of the study was beef of Limousin bulls (25 to 27 months, hot carcass weight - 432±31 kg, “U” conformation class, “2”–“3” fat class). Analysed cuts were Infraspinatus muscle from the blade and Longissimus dorsi muscle from the cube roll and the striploin. Tenderness was analysed with universal testing machine, colour - chromometer analysis, sarcomere length - microscopic method, basic chemical composition - near-infrared spectroscopy and marbling - computer image analysis. No differences in tenderness and sarcomere length were observed within the age groups of Limousin bulls (age of 25, 26, 27 months) (p>0.05). Moisture (p = 0.0123) and fat (p = 0.0250) content were significantly different for meat of animals slaughtered at the age of 25 and 27 months. No influence of pH value on tenderness was observed, but at the same time, influence on sarcomere length (p = 0.039) and b* component of colour (0.045) was found. For “U” conformation class, in subclasses, as well as for fat classes “2”–“3”, there were no differences in tenderness, sarcomere length and colour components. Higher fat content was observed in the higher fat class, rather than in lower, however this feature was not associated with marbling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Guzek
- Division of Engineering in Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska str. 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Głąska
- Division of Engineering in Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska str. 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Pogorzelski
- Division of Engineering in Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska str. 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Kozań
- Division of Engineering in Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska str. 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Pietras
- Division of Engineering in Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska str. 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Konarska
- Division of Engineering in Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska str. 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sakowska
- Division of Engineering in Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska str. 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Głąski
- Division of Engineering in Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska str. 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pogorzelska
- Division of Engineering in Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska str. 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Barszczewski
- Division of Engineering in Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska str. 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbicka
- Division of Engineering in Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Nowoursynowska str. 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Marbling in the longissimus thoracis muscle from lean cattle breeds. Computer image analysis of fresh versus stained meat samples. Meat Sci 2013; 95:512-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jung S, Nam KC, Lee KH, Kim JJ, Jo C. Meat Quality Traits of Longissimus dorsi Muscle from Carcasses of Hanwoo Steers at Different Yield Grades. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2013. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2013.33.3.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Cheon S, Yu W. Bayesian Multiple Change-Point Estimation of Multivariate Mean Vectors for Small Data. KOREAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS 2012. [DOI: 10.5351/kjas.2012.25.6.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lee JM, Choe JH, Jin HJ, Kim TI, Park BY, Hwang DY, Koh KC, Kim CJ, Hwang KS. Effect of Marbling Score on Carcass Grade Factors, Physico-chemical and Sensory Traits of M. Longissimus Dorsi in Hanwoo. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2012. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2012.32.5.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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MITTERER-DALTOÉ ML, RAMOS AF, MARTINS E, MARTINS VMV, QUEIROZ MI. Characterization of Commercial Cuts from the Crioulo Lageano Beef Breed. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.18.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lee JM, Choe JH, Park HK, Kim YH, Park BY, Kim KT, Koh KC, Seo SC, Hwang KS. Effect of Backfat Thickness on the Carcass Grade Factors and Carcass Price in Hanwoo Cows and Steers. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2011. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2011.31.2.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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The prediction of carcass composition and tissue distribution in beef cattle using ultrasound scanning at the start and/or end of the finishing period. Livest Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cheon S, Kim J. Multiple change-point detection of multivariate mean vectors with the Bayesian approach. Comput Stat Data Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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