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Effects of the Inclusion of Ground Pouteria sapota Kernel on Intake, Digestibility, and Growth Performance in Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223154. [PMID: 36428382 PMCID: PMC9686787 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effect of replacing ground corn and soybean meal with ground Pouteria sapota kernel (PSSM) in lamb diets on nutrient intake and digestibility, performance, and carcass traits. Twenty-one male hair sheep lambs with an average body weight of 22 ± 3.5 kg were randomly assigned to three treatment diets containing PSSM at 0, 10, and 20% of the total dry matter (DM) inclusion. The study lasted 60 days, which included 15 days for adaption and 45 days for sample collection. The PSSM inclusion did not affect intake or performance (p > 0.05). However, ether extract (EE) digestibility linearly increased (p < 0.0001), while crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) linearly decreased. Final body weight, total weight gain, average daily weight gain, feeding efficiency, and carcass traits were not affected by PSSM inclusion. In conclusion, these results suggest that PSSM can replace up to 200 g/kg DM of ground corn and soybean meal without affecting intake or animal performance.
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2
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Alves SP, Vahmani P, Mapiye C, McAllister TA, Bessa RJB, Dugan MER. Trans-10 18:1 in ruminant meats: A review. Lipids 2021; 56:539-562. [PMID: 34608647 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Trans (t) fatty acids (TFA) from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (i.e., industrial trans) have been phased out of foods in many countries due to their promotion of cardiovascular disease. This leaves ruminant-derived foods as the main source of TFA. Unlike industrial TFA where catalytic hydrogenation yields a broad distribution of isomers, ruminant TFA are enzymatically derived and can result in enrichment of specific isomers. Comparisons between industrial and ruminant TFA have often exonerated ruminant TFA due to their lack or at times positive effects on health. At extremes, however, ruminant-sourced foods can have either high levels of t10- or t11-18:1, and when considering enriched sources, t10-18:1 has properties similar to industrial TFA, whereas t11-18:1 can be converted to an isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (cis(c)9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid), both of which have potential positive health effects. Increased t10-18:1 in meat-producing ruminants has not been associated with negative effects on live animal production or meat quality. As such, reducing t10-18:1 has not been of immediate concern to ruminant meat producers, as there have been no economic consequences for its enrichment; nevertheless at high levels, it can compromise the nutritional quality of beef and lamb. In anticipation that regulations regarding TFA may focus more on t10-18:1 in beef and lamb, the present review will cover its production, analysis, biological effects, strategies for manipulation, and regulatory policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P Alves
- CIISA, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Payam Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agricuture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rui J B Bessa
- CIISA, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
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Andrejčáková Z, Sopková D, Vlčková R, Hertelyová Z, Gancarčíková S, Nemcová R. The Application of Lactobacillus reuteri CCM 8617 and Flaxseed Positively Improved the Health of Mice Challenged with Enterotoxigenic E. coli O149:F4. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:937-951. [PMID: 31410766 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to monitor the effects of dietary synbiotics on experimentally infected mice. Sixty mice were divided into the following three groups: negative control group C1, positive control group C2 (mice infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O149:F4NAL), and experimental group LF (Lactobacillus reuteri CCM 8617RIF + 10% flaxseed + E. coli O149:F4NAL). Supplements were administered for 42 days. Microbiological, hematological, and biochemical analyses, electrophoretic analysis of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes, and analysis of fatty acids using gas chromatography and isotachophoresis were performed. We recorded higher numbers of jejunal and ileal lactic acid bacteria, lower Enterobacteriaceae counts in the feces of the animals, and an increased production of organic acids in the synbiotic-fed group. The supplements applied favored n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism and inhibited n-6 PUFA metabolism; thus, they influenced the n-6 to n-3 and eicosapentaenoic to arachidonic acid ratios. Additionally, the incorporation of n-3 PUFAs to the cell membrane decreased the activity of LDH, transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase. Results obtained in our study indicate the positive effect of continuous supplementation of combination of probiotic cheese enriched with L. reuteri CCM 8617RIF and crushed flaxseed on composition of intestinal microflora and alleviation of the course of infection induced by pathogenic bacterium E. coli O149:F4NAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Andrejčáková
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - D Sopková
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - R Vlčková
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Z Hertelyová
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - S Gancarčíková
- Institute of Microbiology and Gnotobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - R Nemcová
- Institute of Microbiology and Gnotobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Aksoy Y, Şahin A, Ulutaş Z, Uğurlutepe E. The effect of different slaughter weights on some meat quality traits of musculus longissimus dorsi thoracis of male Anatolian buffaloes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:137. [PMID: 33483840 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This research was performed to examine the effects of different slaughter weights (SWs) on some meat quality traits of Anatolian Buffaloes (n = 20). Weaned 5-month-old Anatolian Buffalo calves with an average live weight of 100 kg were used as the animal material of the study. Experimental calves were randomly divided into four different slaughter weight groups 200 kg (SW-1: n = 5), 250 kg (SW-2: n = 5), 300 kg (SW-3: n = 5), and 350 kg (SW-4: n = 5). Anatolian buffalo calves were fed with 30:70 roughage/concentrate feed ration. Meat quality attributes of musculus longissimus dorsi thoracis (LT) muscle of calves slaughtered at target slaughter weight were investigated. The quality traits included 45th minute pH (pH45min), 24th hour pH (pH24h), 1st and 24th hour color parameters (L* (lightness), a* (redness) and b* (yellowness), water holding capacity (WHC), drip loss (3rd day (DL-3) and 7th day (DL-7)), freeze-thaw loss (FTL), cooking loss (CL), chemical composition), fatty acid, and cholesterol profiles. The differences in LT muscle pH24h, 24th hour a* and b* color parameters and WHC values of SW groups were not found to be significant (P > 0.05). The lowest DL-3 was observed in SW-1 (6.89%) and the greatest in SW-2 (8.96%) groups. Ether extract (EE) ratios increased (P < 0.01) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/saturated fatty acid (SFA) proportions decreased (P > 0.05) with increasing SWs. The differences in total cholesterol contents of SW groups were not detected to be significant (P > 0.05). Among the SW groups of Anatolian Buffaloes, SW-1 was found to be prominent with high WHC, CP, and PUFA/SFA ratio and the least DL-3 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yüksel Aksoy
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Osmangazi University, 26160, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Aziz Şahin
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, 40100, Kirsehir, Turkey.
| | - Zafer Ulutaş
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Emre Uğurlutepe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, 40100, Kirsehir, Turkey
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Stanford K, Sultana H, He M, Dugan M, McAllister T. Effects of dietary flaxseed and vitamin E on fermentation, nutrient disappearance, fatty acid biohydrogenation, and microbial protein synthesis using a simulated rumen (Rusitec). CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2019-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two simulated rumens (Rusitecs) were used to assess the effects of flaxseed (FS) and (or) vitamin E (VE) on rumen fermentation, fatty acid (FA) biohydrogenation, and microbial protein synthesis. Ground FS replaced 0% or 15% of barley grain, along with VE at 0 or 1000 IU d−1 in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Flaxseed lowered neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.001) and acid detergent fiber (P = 0.01) and increased (P = 0.001) nitrogen (N) disappearance. Flaxseed also increased (P = 0.01) total volatile FA and decreased (P = 0.001) acetate production. When both FS and VE were included, the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P = 0.04). Biohydrogenation of FA was not influenced by VE, but total FA and C18:0 in effluent were increased (P = 0.001) and C16:0 decreased (P = 0.001) by FS. With VE, total microbial N (MN) was increased (P = 0.001). In the concentrate, production of MN in feed-particle-bound bacteria was increased (P = 0.001) by VE. Vitamin E did not alter FA biohydrogenation but did promote MN production. The stable and relatively high pH in the Rusitec may have prevented the typical shift from C18:1 trans-11 to C18:1 trans-10 with concentrate diets. Future studies simulating subclinical acidosis in the Rusitec may illuminate ruminal mode(s) of action of VE on FA biohydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Stanford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - H. Sultana
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - M.L. He
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - M. Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB T4L 1V7, Canada
| | - T.A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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6
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Tayengwa T, Chikwanha OC, Neethling J, Dugan MER, Mutsvangwa T, Mapiye C. Polyunsaturated fatty acid, volatile and sensory profiles of beef from steers fed citrus pulp or grape pomace. Food Res Int 2020; 139:109923. [PMID: 33509490 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the effects of feeding dried grape pomace (DGP) or citrus pulp (DCP) at 150 g/kg dry matter compared to a control diet on major polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), volatile and sensory profiles of beef. Feeding DGP or DCP diets to Angus steers for 90 d increased the proportions of C18:2n-6, C20:4n-6, C18:3n-3, total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), n-3 and n-6 PUFA in muscle. Control-fed beef had greater concentrations of C18:1n-9, total aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols compared to DCP and DGP. Feeding DGP and DCP diets produced less tender beef than control. Overall, finishing steers on diets containing DGP or DCP compared to control increased proportions of total CLA, n-3 and n-6 PUFA, and reduced concentrations of aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols, but did not affect beef sensory attributes except for a slight reduction in tenderness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Tayengwa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Obert C Chikwanha
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Jeannine Neethling
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy Mutsvangwa
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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Idamokoro EM, Falowo AB, Oyeagu CE, Afolayan AJ. Multifunctional activity of vitamin E in animal and animal products: A review. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13352. [PMID: 32783336 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E is an essential nontoxic fat-soluble micronutrient whose effects on livestock performance and products can be attributed to its antioxidant and nonantioxidant properties. Although it is needed in small quantity in the diet, its roles in livestock production are indispensable as it is required in boosting performance, nutritional qualities, and yield of animal and animal products. The dietary or oral supplementation of vitamin E is essential in reducing lipid oxidation in muscle, egg, and dairy products as well as lowering cholesterol concentrations and improving antioxidant status of livestock. Evidence has shown that bioavailability of vitamin E-enriched animal products could serve as an invaluable nutritional benefit to consumers; especially those in regions of limited resources where vitamin E deficiencies pose a risk that may be detrimental to some cellular activities of the body and on human health. It is therefore important to redirect research on the impact of vitamin E supplementation as antioxidant on livestock performance and animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrobowansan M Idamokoro
- Agricultural and Rural Development Research Institute, University of Fort Hare Private Bag X1314, Alice, South Africa.,MPED Research Center, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Andrew B Falowo
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Department of Animal Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Chika E Oyeagu
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Anthony J Afolayan
- MPED Research Center, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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8
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He ML, Stanford K, Dugan MER, Marquess L, McAllister TA. Association of leptin genotype with growth performance, adipocyte cellularity, meat quality, and fatty acid profile in beef steers fed flaxseed or high-oleate sunflower seed diets with or without triticale dried distiller's grains. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa104. [PMID: 32277699 PMCID: PMC7185023 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin genotypes can be identified as homozygous normal (CC), homozygous mutant (TT), and heterozygous (CT) based on a single-nucleotide polymorphism in exon 2 of the leptin gene, which has been associated with feed intake and fat deposition in cattle. The experiment was designed as 2 × 2 × 2 factorial with three main factors: (1) genotype (CT or TT) and diets fed 2) with or without triticale dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDG), and 3) with either flaxseed (FS) or high-oleate sunflower seed (SS). Evaluations included growth performance, subcutaneous fat deposition, adipocyte cellularity, meat quality, and fatty acid (FA) profile of various depots. Beef steers (n = 40, 459 ± 31 kg) of either CT or TT genotypes were housed in individual pens with ad libitum access to one of the four diets: 75% steam-rolled barley + 10% barley silage with 10% FS or SS (non-DDG diets, NDG) and 46.5% barley + 10% barley silage + 30% DDG, with 8.5% FS or SS, all on a dry matter basis. Growth performance, ultrasound subcutaneous fat thickness, rib eye area (REA), and plasma FA were measured prior to and during the finishing period. At slaughter, samples of subcutaneous fat, perirenal fat, and Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle were collected for FA analysis and carcass and meat quality were measured. Compared with CT cattle, TT tended to have less (P = 0.06) C18:2-c9,t11 (rumenic acid) in plasma and subcutaneous fat and a greater proportion (P < 0.05) of C18:0 in subcutaneous, perirenal, and LT fat. Cattle with TT genotype also tended (P < 0.1) to have more total saturated and less unsaturated (USFA) and monounsaturated fats (MUFA) and had less (P = 0.04) linoleic acid in LT. Ultrasound fat thickness, REA, and average diameter of adipocytes in subcutaneous fat at 12 wk were not affected (P > 0.39) by genotype. Generally, carcass and meat quality were similar (P > 0.1) among diets, although adding FS tended to increase (P = 0.06) total USFA of subcutaneous fat including omega-3 FA (P < 0.001). For the high-fat diets evaluated, CT cattle would have more potential to produce beef with enhanced health benefits than would TT cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolong L He
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Kim Stanford
- Agriculture Centre, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Canada
| | | | - Tim A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada
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Burnett DD, Legako JF, Phelps KJ, Gonzalez JM. Biology, strategies, and fresh meat consequences of manipulating the fatty acid composition of meat. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa033. [PMID: 31999826 PMCID: PMC7036598 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility and attractiveness of adipose tissue within meat products vary based on species, cut, and consumer preference. In beef, producers are rewarded for producing carcasses with greater visual marbling at the 12th and 13th rib juncture, while pork producers are either not rewarded or penalized for producing carcasses with too much adipose tissue. Some consumers prefer to purchase leaner meat cuts, while other consumers pay premiums to consume products with elevated fat content. While no clear consumer adipose tissue preference standard exists, advances in beef and swine nutrition have enabled producers to target markets that enable them to maximize profits. One niche market that has increased in popularity over the last decade is manipulating the fatty acid profile, specifically increasing omega-3 fatty acid content, of beef and pork products to increase their appeal in a healthy diet. While much research has documented the ability of preharvest diet to alter the fatty acid profile of beef and pork, the same studies have indicated both the color and palatability of these products were negatively affected if preharvest diets were not managed properly. The following review discusses the biology of adipose tissue and lipid accumulation, altering the omega-3 fatty acid profile of beef and pork, negative fresh meat color and palatability associated with these studies, and strategies to mitigate the negative effects of increased omega-3 fatty acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derris D Burnett
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville
| | - Jerrad F Legako
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock
| | | | - John M Gonzalez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens
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Renna M, Brugiapaglia A, Zanardi E, Destefanis G, Prandini A, Moschini M, Sigolo S, Lussiana C. Fatty acid profile, meat quality and flavour acceptability of beef from double-muscled Piemontese young bulls fed ground flaxseed. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1530958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Renna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Alberto Brugiapaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Destefanis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Aldo Prandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Maurizio Moschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Samantha Sigolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Carola Lussiana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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Jin CL, Gao CQ, Wang Q, Zhang ZM, Xu YL, Li HC, Yan HC, Wang XQ. Effects of pioglitazone hydrochloride and vitamin E on meat quality, antioxidant status and fatty acid profiles in finishing pigs. Meat Sci 2018; 145:340-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Vahmani P, Rolland DC, Gzyl KE, Baines DDS, Dugan MER. The Growth-Inhibiting Effects of Beef Fatty Acids on MCF-7 Cells Are Influenced Mostly by the Depot Location and Inconsistently by the Biohydrogenation Intermediate Content. Lipids 2018; 53:699-708. [PMID: 30255942 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are formed during ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in ruminants. Although many studies have examined the anticarcinogenic effects of CLA, few studies have reported the anticarcinogenic properties of BHI in their natural form found in dairy and beef fats. The present study compared the growth-inhibitory effects of fatty acids from beef perirenal fat (PRF) or subcutaneous fat (SCF) with low or high levels of BHI in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Cells were exposed for 72 h to media containing increasing doses (50 to 400 μM) of different beef fat treatments. Fatty-acid analysis showed that BHI were readily incorporated into cell phospholipids (PL) in a treatment-dependent manner, but higher BHI in PL did not consistently inhibit growth. Culturing with low-BHI PRF or high-BHI PRF did not lead to growth inhibition, but low-BHI SCF inhibited growth, and inhibition was further increased by high-BHI SCF. Other classes of fatty acids may, therefore, be interacting with BHI resulting in differential effects on growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - David C Rolland
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Katherine E Gzyl
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Danica D S Baines
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, 5403 1st Ave S., Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
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13
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Hcini E, Ben Slima A, Kallel I, Zormati S, Traore AI, Gdoura R. Does supplemental zeolite (clinoptilolite) affect growth performance, meat texture, oxidative stress and production of polyunsaturated fatty acid of Turkey poults? Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:177. [PMID: 30055621 PMCID: PMC6064620 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the ban on the use of growth factors, the use of zeolite in poultry feed could be a solution to obtain healthier food products that are more demanded by the consumer. METHODS Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) was added to turkey male and female feed at concentrations 1% or 2% and was evaluated for its effectiveness on performance of the production. The turkeys were given free and continuous access to a nutritionally non-limiting diet (in meal form) that was either a basal diet or a 'Zeolite supplemented-diet' (the basal diet supplemented with clinoptilolite at a level of 1% or 2%). RESULTS It was found that adding zeolite in the turkey diet had a positive effect on growth performance and increased weight gain compared to the control. In addition, zeolite treatment had a positive effect on oxidative stress and organoleptic parameters that were measured. It was found that adding zeolite in the turkey diet reduced the MDA level in the liver and in the meat, as compared to the control. Quality of meat was measured as a significantly increase (p < 0.05) in pH for male meat, indicated that the zeolite could maintain the quality of longer period. The adding of zeolite in the turkey diet increased level of polyunsaturated fatty acid. CONCLUSION This study showed the significance of using zeolite, as a feed additive for turkey, as part of a comprehensive program to improve growth performance and oxidative stress parameters and to increase level of polyunsaturated fatty acid on the turkey body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Hcini
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health LR11ES06, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Ben Slima
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health LR11ES06, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Kallel
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health LR11ES06, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Zormati
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health LR11ES06, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Radhouane Gdoura
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health LR11ES06, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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14
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Abstract
The nutritional value of meat is an increasingly important factor influencing consumer preferences for poultry, red meat and processed meat products. Intramuscular fat content and composition, in addition to high quality protein, trace minerals and vitamins are important determinants of nutritional value. Fat content of meat at retail has decreased substantially over the past 40 years through advances in animal genetics, nutrition and management and changes in processing techniques. Evidence of the association between diet and the incidence of human non-communicable diseases has driven an interest in developing production systems for lowering total SFA and trans fatty acid (TFA) content and enrichment of n-3 PUFA concentrations in meat and meat products. Typically, poultry and pork has a lower fat content, containing higher PUFA and lower TFA concentrations than lamb or beef. Animal genetics, nutrition and maturity, coupled with their rumen microbiome, are the main factors influencing tissue lipid content and relative proportions of SFA, MUFA and PUFA. Altering the fatty acid (FA) profile of lamb and beef is determined to a large extent by extensive plant and microbial lipolysis and subsequent microbial biohydrogenation of dietary lipid in the rumen, and one of the major reasons explaining the differences in lipid composition of meat from monogastrics and ruminants. Nutritional strategies can be used to align the fat content and FA composition of poultry, pork, lamb and beef with Public Health Guidelines for lowering the social and economic burden of chronic disease.
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15
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Vahmani P, Rolland D, McAllister T, Block H, Proctor S, Guan L, Prieto N, López-Campos Ó, Aalhus J, Dugan M. Effects of feeding steers extruded flaxseed on its own before hay or mixed with hay on animal performance, carcass quality, and meat and hamburger fatty acid composition. Meat Sci 2017; 131:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Vahmani P, Aalhus JL, Rolland DC, McAllister TA, Prieto N, Block HC, Proctor SD, Guan LL, Dugan MER. Sequential Feeding of Lipid Supplement Enriches Beef Adipose Tissues with 18:3n-3 Biohydrogenation Intermediates. Lipids 2017; 52:641-649. [PMID: 28547181 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine if feeding steers extruded flaxseed and hay (25 and 75%; DM basis) together as a total mixed ration (TMR), or sequentially (non-TMR) would result in different enrichments of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) in beef adipose tissues [subcutaneous (SC) vs perirenal (PR) fat]. Forty-eight Angus cross steers (325 ± 16 kg) were stratified by weight to six pens, and pens were randomized to either TMR or non-TMR and fed ad libitum for an average of 242 days. The concentrations of α-linolenic acid increased by 18 mol% in both SC and PR in non-TMR steers compared to TMR steers (P < 0.01). trans 18:1 isomers were more concentrated in PR than SC (14.4 vs 9.5 mol%; P < 0.01) and increased by 10 mol% in both fat depots for non-TMR (P < 0.01). Other BHI including non-methylene-interrupted 18:2 (atypical dienes), conjugated linoleic acids and conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) were affected by diet × tissue interactions (P < 0.01). The CLnA and CLA contents were higher in both fat depots when feeding the non-TMR, but the effect of diet was more pronounced in PR than in SC (P < 0.01). Atypical dienes were highest in PR from non-TMR and lowest in TMR fed steers (4.3 and 3.6 mol%) with SC contents being intermediate. The sequential feeding of lipid supplement can thus profoundly affect the enrichment of PUFA and their BHI in beef fat and their differentially enrichment is also fat depot dependant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vahmani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - J L Aalhus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - D C Rolland
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - T A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - N Prieto
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - H C Block
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - S D Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Diabetes and Mazankowski Institutes, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - L L Guan
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada.
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17
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MacKintosh SB, Richardson I, Kim EJ, Dannenberger D, Coulmier D, Scollan ND. Addition of an extract of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) to cattle diets - Effects on fatty acid profile, meat quality and eating quality of the M. longissimus muscle. Meat Sci 2017; 130:69-80. [PMID: 28433853 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in enhancing beneficial fatty acids, particularly 18:3n-3, conjugated linoleic acid and long chain n-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in beef to provide benefits to human health. Here, the potential to enhance these fatty acids by feeding a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich plant extract (PX) from lucerne is presented. Cattle (n=8/diet) were assigned to the following finishing diets: straw and concentrate (S-CC); straw and concentrate containing 25% PX and 2000IUvitaminE/kg PX-concentrate (S-PXC); grass silage (GS); GS plus 75gPX/kg dry matter intake (DMI) (GS-LPX) or GS plus 150g PX/kg DMI (GS-HPX). Addition of PX to concentrates or GS increased the n-3 fatty acid content of loin muscle and had favourable effects on the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio (P<0.05), without detrimental effects on loin muscle sensory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân B MacKintosh
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Ian Richardson
- Division of Farm Animal Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Eun Joong Kim
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, 18196 Dummerstorf, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Germany
| | - Didier Coulmier
- Desialis, Complexe Agricole Mont Bernard, 51007 Chalons en Champagne, France
| | - Nigel D Scollan
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
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18
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Albertí P, Campo MM, Beriain MJ, Ripoll G, Sañudo C. Effect of including whole linseed and vitamin E in the diet of young bulls slaughtered at two fat covers on the sensory quality of beef packaged in two different packaging systems. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:753-760. [PMID: 27166711 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forty-six Pirenaica young bulls, slaughtered at two levels of fatness (3 and 4 mm), were used to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of 50 g kg-1 linseed alone or with 200 IU vitamin E kg-1 in the concentrate and of the meat packaging system (vacuum or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP)) on the beef sensory quality. RESULTS The inclusion of linseed or supplementation with vitamin E in the concentrate induced no significant differences in the main meat sensory scores and overall appraisal except under MAP, where small differences due to concentrate ingredients were found in juiciness and metallic flavor intensity. Extending the display time up to 4 or 8 days in high-oxygen MAP had detrimental effects on sensory attributes. Meat from animals with 4 mm fat cover depth were rated more tender and juicy, less fibrous and with a higher intensity of beef flavor and rancid odor than meat from 3 mm fat cover bulls when both samples were vacuum packaged. CONCLUSION The inclusion of 50 g kg-1 linseed in the concentrate fed to bulls had no detrimental effect on the beef sensory quality. The vacuum-packaged meat of bulls slaughtered at 4 mm fat cover was rated higher on sensory analysis than that at 3 mm fat cover. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Albertí
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA), Gobierno de Aragón, Avda Montañana 930, E-50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María M Campo
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Miguel Servet 177, E-50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María J Beriain
- E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadia, E-31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Ripoll
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA), Gobierno de Aragón, Avda Montañana 930, E-50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Sañudo
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Miguel Servet 177, E-50013, Zaragoza, Spain
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Non-conjugated cis/trans 18:2 in Beef Fat are Mainly Δ-9 Desaturation Products of trans-18:1 Isomers. Lipids 2016; 51:1427-1433. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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20
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Vahmani P, Meadus WJ, da Silva ML, Mitchell AD, Mapiye C, Duff P, Rolland DC, Dugan ME. A trans10-18:1 enriched fraction from beef fed a barley grain-based diet induces lipogenic gene expression and reduces viability of HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 7:84-90. [PMID: 28955893 PMCID: PMC5613299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Beef fat is a natural source of trans (t) fatty acids, and is typically enriched with either t10-18:1 or t11-18:1. Little is known about the bioactivity of individual t-18:1 isomers, and the present study compared the effects of t9-18:1, cis (c)9-18:1 and trans (t)-18:1 fractions isolated from beef fat enriched with either t10-18:1 (HT10) or t11-18:1 (HT11). All 18:1 isomers resulted in reduced human liver (HepG2) cell viability relative to control. Both c9-18:1 and HT11were the least toxic, t9-18:1had dose response increased toxicity, and HT10 had the greatest toxicity (P<0.05). Incorporation of t18:1 isomers was 1.8-2.5 fold greater in triacylglycerol (TG) than phospholipids (PL), whereas Δ9 desaturation products were selectively incorporated into PL. Culturing HepG2 cells with t9-18:1 and HT10 increased (P<0.05) the Δ9 desaturation index (c9-16:1/16:0) compared to other fatty acid treatments. HT10 and t9-18:1 also increased expression of lipogenic genes (FAS, SCD1, HMGCR and SREBP2) compared to control (P<0.05), whereas c9-18:1 and HT11 did not affect the expression of these genes. Our results suggest effects of HT11 and c9-18:1 were similar to BSA control, whereas HT10 and t-9 18:1 (i.e. the predominant trans fatty acid isomer found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils) were more cytotoxic and led to greater expression of lipogenic genes.
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Key Words
- ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- Ag+-SPE, silver ion solid phase extraction
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Beef
- Cell culture
- Cytotoxicity
- FAS, fatty acid synthase
- Fatty acid metabolism
- HMGCR, 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA reductase
- HT10, high-t10 fraction
- HT11, high-t11 fraction
- Liver
- MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids
- PHVO, partially hydrogenated vegetable oils
- PL, phospholipid
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- SCD1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1
- SFA, saturated fatty acid
- SREBP1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c
- SREBP2, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2
- TG, triacylglycerol
- TLC, thin layer chromatography
- Trans fatty acids
- c,, cis
- t, trans
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
| | - William J. Meadus
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria L.P. da Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Alec D. Mitchell
- Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Pascale Duff
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
| | - David C. Rolland
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael E.R. Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
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21
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Vahmani P, Meadus WJ, Duff P, Rolland DC, Dugan MER. Comparing the lipogenic and cholesterolgenic effects of individualtrans-18:1 isomers in liver cells. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lacombe Alberta Canada
| | - William J. Meadus
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lacombe Alberta Canada
| | - Pascale Duff
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lacombe Alberta Canada
| | - David C. Rolland
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lacombe Alberta Canada
| | - Michael E. R. Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lacombe Alberta Canada
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22
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Beef Fat Enriched with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biohydrogenation Products Improves Insulin Sensitivity Without Altering Dyslipidemia in Insulin Resistant JCR:LA-cp Rats. Lipids 2016; 51:821-31. [PMID: 27072368 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The main dietary sources of trans fatty acids are partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO), and products derived from polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation (PUFA-BHP) in ruminants. Trans fatty acid intake has historically been associated with negative effects on health, generating an anti-trans fat campaign to reduce their consumption. The profiles and effects on health of PHVO and PUFA-BHP can, however, be quite different. Dairy products naturally enriched with vaccenic and rumenic acids have many purported health benefits, but the putative benefits of beef fat naturally enriched with PUFA-BHP have not been investigated. The objective of the present experiment was to determine the effects of beef peri-renal fat (PRF) with differing enrichments of PUFA-BHP on lipid and insulin metabolism in a rodent model of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance (JCR:LA-cp rat). The results showed that 6 weeks of diet supplementation with beef PRF naturally enriched due to flaxseed (FS-PRF) or sunflower-seed (SS-PRF) feeding to cattle significantly improved plasma fasting insulin levels and insulin sensitivity, postprandial insulin levels (only in the FS-PRF) without altering dyslipidemia. Moreover, FS-PRF but not SS-PRF attenuated adipose tissue accumulation. Therefore, enhancing levels of PUFA-BHP in beef PRF with FS feeding may be a useful approach to maximize the health-conferring value of beef-derived fats.
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23
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Reddy KJ, Jayathilakan K, Pandey MC. Development of designer chicken shred with response surface methodology and evaluation of its quality characteristics. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 53:471-80. [PMID: 26787966 PMCID: PMC4711431 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Meat is considered to be an excellent source of protein, essential minerals, trace elements and vitamins but negative concerns regarding meat consumption and its impact on human health have promoted research into development of novel functional meat products. In the present study Rice bran oil (RBO), and Flaxseed oil (FSO) were used for attaining an ideal lipid profile in the product. The experiment was designed to optimise the RBO and FSO concentration for development of product with ideal lipid profile and maximum acceptability by the application of central composite rotatable design of Response surface methodology (RSM). Levels of RBO and FSO were taken as independent variables and overall acceptability (OAA), n-6 and n-3 fatty acids as responses. Quadratic fit model was found to be suitable for optimising the product. Sample with RBO (20.51 ml) and FSO (2.57 ml) yielded an OAA score of 8.25, 29.54 % of n-6 and 7.70 % of n-3 having n-6/n-3 ratio as 3.8:1. Optimised product was analysed for physico-chemical, sensory and microbial profile during storage at 4 ± 1 °C for 30 days. Increase in the lipid oxidative parameters was observed during storage but it was not significant (p < 0.05). Studies revealed great potential of developing functional poultry products with improved nutritional quality and good shelf stability by incorporating RBO and FSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Jalarama Reddy
- />Freeze Drying and Animal Product Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011 India
- />Defence Food Research Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organization, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011 India
| | - K. Jayathilakan
- />Freeze Drying and Animal Product Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011 India
| | - M. C. Pandey
- />Freeze Drying and Animal Product Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011 India
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24
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Double Bond Position Plays an Important Role in Delta-9 Desaturation and Lipogenic Properties of Trans 18:1 Isomers in Mouse Adipocytes. Lipids 2015; 50:1253-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Vahmani P, Mapiye C, Prieto N, Rolland DC, McAllister TA, Aalhus JL, Dugan MER. The scope for manipulating the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of beef: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2015. [PMID: 26199725 PMCID: PMC4509462 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-015-0026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1950, links between intake of saturated fatty acids and heart disease have led to recommendations to limit consumption of saturated fatty acid-rich foods, including beef. Over this time, changes in food consumption patterns in several countries including Canada and the USA have not led to improvements in health. Instead, the incidence of obesity, type II diabetes and associated diseases have reached epidemic proportions owing in part to replacement of dietary fat with refined carbohydrates. Despite the content of saturated fatty acids in beef, it is also rich in heart healthy cis-monounsaturated fatty acids, and can be an important source of long-chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in populations where little or no oily fish is consumed. Beef also contains polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation products, including vaccenic and rumenic acids, which have been shown to have anticarcinogenic and hypolipidemic properties in cell culture and animal models. Beef can be enriched with these beneficial fatty acids through manipulation of beef cattle diets, which is now more important than ever because of increasing public understanding of the relationships between diet and health. The present review examines recommendations for beef in human diets, the need to recognize the complex nature of beef fat, how cattle diets and management can alter the fatty acid composition of beef, and to what extent content claims are currently possible for beef fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, T4L 1 W1, Lacombe, AB Canada
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Nuria Prieto
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, T4L 1 W1, Lacombe, AB Canada ; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - David C Rolland
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, T4L 1 W1, Lacombe, AB Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 1st Avenue South 5403, PO Box 3000, T1J 4B1 Lethbridge, AB Canada
| | - Jennifer L Aalhus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, T4L 1 W1, Lacombe, AB Canada
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, T4L 1 W1, Lacombe, AB Canada
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26
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Determination of Fatty Acids in Beef by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Kim DH, Lee HJ, Amanullah SM, Adesogan AT, Kim SC. Effects of dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio on nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites of Hanwoo heifers. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:46-53. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Insti. of Agri. & Life Sci.); Gyeongsang National University; Jinju South Korea
| | - Hyuk Jun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Insti. of Agri. & Life Sci.); Gyeongsang National University; Jinju South Korea
| | - Sardar M. Amanullah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Insti. of Agri. & Life Sci.); Gyeongsang National University; Jinju South Korea
- Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - Sam Churl Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Insti. of Agri. & Life Sci.); Gyeongsang National University; Jinju South Korea
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Gallardo B, Manca M, Mantecón A, Nudda A, Manso T. Effects of linseed oil and natural or synthetic vitamin E supplementation in lactating ewes' diets on meat fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation from their milk fed lambs. Meat Sci 2015; 102:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Machado Neto OR, Chizzotti ML, Ramos EM, Oliveira DM, Lanna DPD, Ribeiro JS, Lopes LS, Descalzo AM, Amorim TR, Ladeira MM. Fatty acid profile and meat quality of young bulls fed ground soybean or ground cottonseed and vitamin E. Animal 2015; 9:362-72. [PMID: 25256316 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114002377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid profile and qualitative characteristics of meat from feedlot young bulls fed ground soybean or ground cottonseed, with or without supplementation of vitamin E. A total of 40 Red Norte young bulls, with an initial average age of 20 months, and an initial average BW of 339±15 kg, were allotted in a completely randomized design using a 2×2 factorial arrangement, with two oilseeds, and daily supplementation or not of 2500 IU of vitamin E. The experimental period was for 84 days, which was preceded by an adaptation period of 28 days. The treatments were ground soybean (SB), ground soybean plus vitamin E (SBE), ground cottonseed (CS) and ground cottonseed plus vitamin E (CSE). The percentage of cottonseed and soybean in the diets (dry matter basis) was 24% and 20%, respectively. Diets were isonitrogenous (13% CP) and presented similar amount of ether extract (6.5%). The animals were slaughtered at average live weight of 464±15 kg, and samples were taken from the longissimus dorsi muscle for the measurement of fatty acid concentration and the evaluation of lipid oxidation and color of the beef. Before fatty acid extraction, muscle tissue and subcutaneous fat of the longissimus dorsi were separated to analyze fatty acid profile in both tissues. Supplementation of vitamin E did not affect fatty acid concentration, lipid oxidation and color (P>0.05). Subcutaneous fat from animals fed CS diet had greater C12:0, C16:0 and C18:0 contents (P<0.03). In addition, CS diets reduced the C18:1 and C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 contents in subcutaneous fat (P<0.05). The muscle from animals fed CS tended to higher C16:0 and C18:0 contents (P<0.11), and decreased C18:1, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 and C18:3 contents (P<0.05) compared with SB. The Δ9-desaturase index was greater in muscle from animals fed SB (P<0.01). At 42 days of age, meat from cattle fed SB had a greater lipid oxidation rate (P<0.05). Meat from animals fed SB diets had less lightness and redness indices than meat from animals fed CS diets after 14 days of age. In conclusion, the addition of ground cottonseed in the finishing diets did increase the saturated fatty acid content of the longissimus dorsi. However, animals fed cottonseed exhibited greater lightness and redness of beef. In this study, the addition of vitamin E did not affect qualitative characteristics of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- O R Machado Neto
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho',Botucatu,São Paulo 18610-307,Brazil
| | - M L Chizzotti
- 2Department of Animal Science,Universidade Federal de Viçosa,Viçosa,Minas Gerais 36.570-000,Brazil
| | - E M Ramos
- 4Department of Food Science,Universidade Federal de Lavras,Lavras,Minas Gerais 37200-000,Brazil
| | - D M Oliveira
- 3Department of Animal Science,Universidade Federal de Lavras,Lavras,Minas Gerais 37200-000,Brazil
| | - D P D Lanna
- 5Department of Animal Science,Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz',Universidade de São Paulo,Piracicaba,São Paulo 13418-900,Brazil
| | - J S Ribeiro
- 6Universidade Federal de Alagoas,Arapiraca,Alagoas 57309-005,Brazil
| | - L S Lopes
- 7Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste,Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina,Chapecó,Santa Catarina 89800-000,Brazil
| | - A M Descalzo
- 8Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria,Buenos Aires C1033AAE,Argentina
| | - T R Amorim
- 2Department of Animal Science,Universidade Federal de Viçosa,Viçosa,Minas Gerais 36.570-000,Brazil
| | - M M Ladeira
- 2Department of Animal Science,Universidade Federal de Viçosa,Viçosa,Minas Gerais 36.570-000,Brazil
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Realini C, Guàrdia M, Díaz I, García-Regueiro J, Arnau J. Effects of acerola fruit extract on sensory and shelf-life of salted beef patties from grinds differing in fatty acid composition. Meat Sci 2015; 99:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Alves de Almeida F, Sobrinho AGDS, Manzi GM, Lima NLL, Endo V, Zeola NMBL. Dietary supplementation with sunflower seeds and vitamin E for fattening lambs improves the fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of the Longissimus lumborum. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/an13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with sunflower seeds and vitamin E for fattening lambs, on the chemical composition, cholesterol, vitamin E level, fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation of meat from sheep. Four treatments were evaluated, as follows: SC – basal diet consisting of sugarcane + concentrate; SCS – basal diet supplemented with sunflower seed; SCE – basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg vitamin E; SCSE – basal diet supplemented with sunflower seed and 1000 mg vitamin E. The Longissimus lumborum muscle of 32 Ile de France lambs, which were slaughtered when their bodyweight reached 32 kg, was used. The chemical composition of the lamb meat was not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the treatments. Sunflower seed supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the levels of linoleic acid, vaccenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid. Inclusion of vitamin E in the diet increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of vitamin E in the meat while decreasing lipid oxidation. Considering the current demand for healthy foods, inclusion of sunflower seeds and vitamin E in the diet of sheep is a viable possibility.
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Vahmani P, Meadus WJ, Turner TD, Duff P, Rolland DC, Mapiye C, Dugan MER. Individual trans 18:1 Isomers are Metabolised Differently and Have Distinct Effects on Lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Lipids 2014; 50:195-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Petri RM, Mapiye C, Dugan MER, McAllister TA. Subcutaneous adipose fatty acid profiles and related rumen bacterial populations of steers fed red clover or grass hay diets containing flax or sunflower-seed. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104167. [PMID: 25093808 PMCID: PMC4122408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Steers were fed 70∶30 forage∶concentrate diets for 205 days, with either grass hay (GH) or red clover silage (RC), and either sunflower-seed (SS) or flaxseed (FS), providing 5.4% oil in the diets. Compared to diets containing SS, FS diets had elevated (P<0.05) subcutaneous trans (t)-18:1 isomers, conjugated linoleic acids and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Forage and oilseed type influenced total n-3 PUFA, especially α-linolenic acid (ALA) and total non-conjugated diene biohydrogenation (BH) in subcutaneous fat with proportions being greater (P<0.05) for FS or GH as compared to SS or RC. Of the 25 bacterial genera impacted by diet, 19 correlated with fatty acids (FA) profile. Clostridium were most abundant when levels of conjugated linolenic acids, and n-3 PUFA's were found to be the lowest in subcutaneous fat, suggestive of their role in BH. Anerophaga, Fibrobacter, Guggenheimella, Paludibacter and Pseudozobellia were more abundant in the rumen when the levels of VA in subcutaneous fat were low. This study clearly shows the impact of oilseeds and forage source on the deposition of subcutaneous FA in beef cattle. Significant correlations between rumen bacterial genera and the levels of specific FA in subcutaneous fat maybe indicative of their role in determining the FA profile of adipose tissue. However, despite numerous correlations, the dynamics of rumen bacteria in the BH of unsaturated fatty acid and synthesis of PUFA and FA tissue profiles require further experimentation to determine if these correlations are consistent over a range of diets of differing composition. Present results demonstrate that in order to achieve targeted FA profiles in beef, a multifactorial approach will be required that takes into consideration not only the PUFA profile of the diet, but also the non-oil fraction of the diet, type and level of feed processing, and the role of rumen microbes in the BH of unsaturated fatty acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M. Petri
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Mike E. R. Dugan
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tim A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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Scollan ND, Dannenberger D, Nuernberg K, Richardson I, MacKintosh S, Hocquette JF, Moloney AP. Enhancing the nutritional and health value of beef lipids and their relationship with meat quality. Meat Sci 2014; 97:384-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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35
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Effect of vitamin E supplementation on fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissues of indoor lambs with special attention on rumen-derived trans monounsaturated fatty acids. Meat Sci 2014; 96:1281-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Effect of including linseed in a concentrate fed to young bulls on intramuscular fatty acids and beef color. Meat Sci 2014; 96:1258-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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37
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Ruan E, Juárez M, Thacker R, Yang X, Dugan M, Aalhus J. Dietary vitamin E effects on the formation of heterocyclic amines in grilled lean beef. Meat Sci 2014; 96:849-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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He ML, McAllister TA, Hernandez-Calva LM, Aalhus JL, Dugan MER, McKinnon JJ. Effect of dietary inclusion of triticale dried distillers' grain and oilseeds on quality and fatty acid profile of meat from feedlot steers. Meat Sci 2014; 97:76-82. [PMID: 24530992 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study compared carcass, meat quality and fatty acid profiles of longissimus thoracis (LT) from feedlot cattle fed barley grain with or without oilseed (OS). Six diets containing no oilseed (No-OS), 10% ground flaxseed (FS), 10% high oleate sunflower seeds (SS) with or without 30% triticale dried distiller's grain (DDGS) were prepared. Feeding DDGS increased chroma at 24 and 144 h post mortem. Feeding FS increased weight% of LT PUFA (P<0.05) compared to No-OS or SS. An OS by DDGS interaction occurred for 18:3n-3 (P<0.05) where FS increased weight% of 18:3n-3 (P<0.05), a response accentuated (P<0.05) by DDGS. Feeding DDGS increased weight% of LT 18:2n-6 (P<0.05), but neither OS nor DDGS affected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, t7,c9 &c9,t11-18:2). Feeding FS increased weight% of n-3 FA, and both FS and SS increased t10-18:1 with no effect on CLA or t11-18:1. Combination feeding of DDGS and FS further increased weight% of n-3 FA and tempered increases in t10-18:1 with no effect on CLA or t11-18:1. The findings suggest a new strategy to increase beef omega-3 fatty acids efficiently through inclusion of a combination of DDGS and FS in feedlot diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L He
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - T A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - L M Hernandez-Calva
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - J L Aalhus
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - M E R Dugan
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - J J McKinnon
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
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Yogesh K, Langoo BA, Sharma SK, Yadav DN. Technological, physico-chemical and sensory properties of raw and cooked meat batter incorporated with various levels of cold milled flaxseed powder. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013; 52:1610-7. [PMID: 25745231 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed has been proven for its multidimensional health benefits and can be used for development of emulsion type functional meat products. In view of this the incorporation of cold milled flaxseed powder (FSP) in meat batter at level 1-5 % was investigated. The results revealed that incorporation significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the total fluid release (TFR), fat release (FR) and water release (WR) of raw meat batter. The surface and internal color values were differed significantly (P < 0.05) among treatments at initial as well as during refrigerated storage period. Texture values especially hardness and chewiness values were found less (P < 0.05) in FSP treated samples and textural properties in FSP treated samples were not deteriorated during storage as compared to control samples. Thus incorporation of FSP had some beneficial effects on physico-chemical properties and textural properties which were also stable during storage period. However the redness values and sensory scores were observed less in FSP treated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yogesh
- Livestock Products Technology, Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab India 141004
| | - B A Langoo
- Agriculture Processing and Food Engineering, Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab, India
| | - S K Sharma
- Food Science and Technology, Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab, India
| | - D N Yadav
- Food Science and Technology, Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab, India
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40
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González L, Moreno T, Bispo E, Dugan MER, Franco D. Effect of supplementing different oils: linseed, sunflower and soybean, on animal performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid profile of veal from "Rubia Gallega" calves. Meat Sci 2013; 96:829-36. [PMID: 24200577 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid (FA) composition of longisimus dorsi (LD) and subcutaneous fat (SCF) from Rubia Gallega (RG) calves was compared for three dietary oil sources (linseed, LO; sunflower, SFO or soybean, SYO). Oils were added (4.5%) to a commercial concentrate and no differences on animal performance, carcass characteristics or meat quality among diets were noted. Total n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) increased in LD and SCF when feeding LO diet (P<0.001). The trans(t) FA profiles were dominated by t11-18:1, except when feeding SFO diet, where ∑t6- to t10-18:1 exceeded t11-18:1 leading the highest (∑t6-to t10-18:1)/t11-18:11 ratio in LD (P<0.05). The overall changes in n-3 PUFA and t18:1 when feeding LO and SYO could be viewed as positive for human health, but quantitatively it was apparent that most dietary PUFA were completely biohydrogenated. Inhibiting PUFA biohydrogenation will be an important next step to improve the FA composition of RG cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura González
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo (C.I.A.M), INGACAL, Apdo 10, 15080 A Coruña, Spain.
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Effects of feeding flaxseed or sunflower-seed in high-forage diets on beef production, quality and fatty acid composition. Meat Sci 2013; 95:98-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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42
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Morán L, Giráldez FJ, Panseri S, Aldai N, Jordán MJ, Chiesa LM, Andrés S. Effect of dietary carnosic acid on the fatty acid profile and flavour stability of meat from fattening lambs. Food Chem 2013; 138:2407-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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43
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Effects of vitamin E on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acids and accumulation of intermediates of ruminal biohydrogenation in vitro. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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Poławska E, Cooper RG, Jóźwik A, Pomianowski J. Meat from alternative species – nutritive and dietetic value, and its benefit for human health – a review. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2012.680916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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45
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Recent developments in altering the fatty acid composition of ruminant-derived foods. Animal 2013; 7 Suppl 1:132-62. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731112001681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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46
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Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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47
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Triticale dried distillers' grain increases alpha-linolenic acid in subcutaneous fat of beef cattle fed oilseeds. Lipids 2012; 47:1209-20. [PMID: 23054550 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of triticale dried distillers' grain with solubles (DDGS), flax (FS) and sunflower (SS) seed on growth and the fatty acid profile of subcutaneous (SQ) fat in individually housed steers (n = 15 per diet) fed ad libitum (DM basis); (1) control (CON) 90% barley grain + 10% barley silage; or substitution of barley grain for: (2) 30% DDGS; (3) 10% FS; (4) 30% DDGS + 8.5% FS; (5) 10% SS and (6) 30% DDGS + 8.5% SS. Oilseeds in the combination diets were reduced to maintain diet lipid levels below 9% DM and to determine if favorable changes in the fatty acid profile could be maintained or enhanced at reduced levels of oilseed. Plasma and SQ fat biopsies were collected at 0, 6, and 12 weeks. Inclusion of DDGS decreased (P < 0.05) average daily gain, feed conversion and backfat thickness. Feeding FS increased (P < 0.05) plasma ALA compared to CON and SS and consistently increased (P < 0.01) ALA and non-conjugated and non-methylene interrupted dienes (NCD), whereas SS tended to decrease ALA in fat. Inclusion of DDGS with FS further increased (P < 0.02) ALA and decreased (P < 0.05) NCD and 18:1-t10 in fat. The fact that the levels of n-3 fatty acids in SQ fat from steers fed DDGS + FS were higher than those obtained with FS alone, has obvious benefits to the practical cost of favorably manipulating fatty acid profiles in beef.
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48
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Zened A, Troegeler-Meynadier A, Najar T, Enjalbert F. Effects of oil and natural or synthetic vitamin E on ruminal and milk fatty acid profiles in cows receiving a high-starch diet. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:5916-26. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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Aldai N, Dugan ME, Rolland DC, Aalhus JL. Red blood cell trans-18:1 isomeric profile correlates with subcutaneous fat and muscle profiles in beef cattle. Meat Sci 2012; 91:203-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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50
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Influence of α-tocopherol supplementation on trans-18:1 and conjugated linoleic acid profiles in beef from steers fed a barley-based diet. Animal 2012; 6:1888-96. [PMID: 22717292 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731112000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted to determine the effect of different α-tocopherol (vitamin E) inclusion levels on trans(t)-18:1 and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) profiles in subcutaneous and intramuscular fat of steers fed a barley-based diet. Fifty-six feedlot steers were offered a barley-based finisher diet (73% steam rolled barley, 22% barley silage and 5% supplement as-fed basis) with four levels of supplementary dl-α-tocopheryl acetate (340, 690, 1040 or 1740 IU/steer per day) for 120 days. Adding vitamin E to the diet had little effect on the overall fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat. The proportion of individual and total t,t- and cis(c),t-CLA, n-3 fatty acids, total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mono-unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids to PUFA ratio in subcutaneous fat were not influenced (P > 0.05) by dietary vitamin E supplementation. Increasing levels of vitamin E led to linear reductions in t6-/t7-/t8-18:1 and t10-18:1 (P < 0.05), and linear increase in t11-/t10-18:1 ratio (P < 0.05) in subcutaneous fat. The content of 20:3n-6 and total n-6 in subcutaneous fat decreased (P < 0.05) linearly with increasing amounts of vitamin E. The subcutaneous fat n-6:n-3 ratio showed a quadratic (P < 0.05) response to vitamin E. In conclusion, although vitamin E supplementation has some potential to reduce t10-18:1 formation and increase t11-/t10-18:1 ratio in subcutaneous fat of cattle fed barley-based diets, the changes in the present study were limited and may not have been sufficient to impact on human health.
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