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Reis LG, de Azevedo Ruiz VL, Massami Kitamura SM, Furugen Cesar Andrade A, de Oliveira Bussiman F, Daiana Poleti M, Coelho da Silveira J, Fukumasu H, Faccioli LH, Marzocchi-Machado CM, de Francisco Strefezzi R, Neves Garcia E, Casey T, Netto AS. Feeding sows milk biofortified with n-6 and n-3 modulates immune status of sows and drives positive transgenerational effects. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306707. [PMID: 39190668 PMCID: PMC11349115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, inflammation, obesity, and autoimmune disease is linked to the quality of dietary fats, with lower intake of saturated and higher intake of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) considered beneficial to health. This study investigated the effect of supplementing sows' diets with cow's milk biofortified with n-6 or n-3 PUFA, at varying n-6/n-3 ratios (8.26, 7.92, and 2.72) during their growing phase and throughout gestation and lactation on their reproductive performance and immune-inflammatory status. Specifically, we analyzed circulating cholesterol and fatty acid profiles of serum, colostrum and milk, sow body weight, and neonate colostrum intake, Apgar scores, muscle composition, and embryo viability. Analysis of circulating immunoglobulins (Ig), interleukins, and eicosanoids and complement system hemolytic activity were used to evaluate inflammatory and immune responses of sows and piglets. Expression of lipolysis and lipogenic genes in the liver were investigated in sows and piglets, with additional investigation of hypothalamus genes regulating appetite in sows. Feeding sows milk biofortified with n-6 and n-3 PUFA altered serum fatty acid profiles, reduced triglycerides (TG), increased embryo total number, increased early gestation backfat, and reduced colostrum IgG. Piglets of biofortified sow had higher circulating IgA, IgM and TNF-α, and lower IL-10. Sows fed n-3 biofortified milk had higher very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and TNF-α in circulation. Offspring from sows fed n-6 versus n-3 biofortified milk had lower IL-10 and expression levels of SREBP-1. N-3 versus n-6 also lowered arachidonic acid (ARA) levels in sow's milk and piglet viability 1. Findings offer insights into the potential health benefits of dietary supplementation with biofortified milk in swine, which serve as good model of diet-nutrition studies of humans, and therefore can potentially be considered in dietary recommendations both human and animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leriana Garcia Reis
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Vera Letticie de Azevedo Ruiz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Maria Massami Kitamura
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Furugen Cesar Andrade
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mirele Daiana Poleti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleni Mara Marzocchi-Machado
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Francisco Strefezzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Edna Neves Garcia
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Theresa Casey
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Arlindo Saran Netto
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tan Z, Jiang H. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Intramuscular Fat Development and Growth in Cattle. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2520. [PMID: 38473768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat, also referred to as marbling fat, is the white fat deposited within skeletal muscle tissue. The content of intramuscular fat in the skeletal muscle, particularly the longissimus dorsi muscle, of cattle is a critical determinant of beef quality and value. In this review, we summarize the process of intramuscular fat development and growth, the factors that affect this process, and the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms that mediate this process in cattle. Compared to other species, cattle have a remarkable ability to accumulate intramuscular fat, partly attributed to the abundance of sources of fatty acids for synthesizing triglycerides. Compared to other adipose depots such as subcutaneous fat, intramuscular fat develops later and grows more slowly. The commitment and differentiation of adipose precursor cells into adipocytes as well as the maturation of adipocytes are crucial steps in intramuscular fat development and growth in cattle. Each of these steps is controlled by various factors, underscoring the complexity of the regulatory network governing adipogenesis in the skeletal muscle. These factors include genetics, epigenetics, nutrition (including maternal nutrition), rumen microbiome, vitamins, hormones, weaning age, slaughter age, slaughter weight, and stress. Many of these factors seem to affect intramuscular fat deposition through the transcriptional or epigenetic regulation of genes directly involved in the development and growth of intramuscular fat. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which intramuscular fat develops and grows in cattle will help us develop more effective strategies to optimize intramuscular fat deposition in cattle, thereby maximizing the quality and value of beef meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Tan
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Honglin Jiang
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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3
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Skeletal muscle gene expression and meat quality of F1 Angus-Nellore young steers and bulls feedlot finished. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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4
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Performance, carcass and meat quality of young bulls, steers and heifers slaughtered at a common body weight. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Na SW, Park SJ, Hong SJ, Baik M. Transcriptome changes associated with fat deposition in the longissimus thoracis of Korean cattle following castration. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1637-1646. [PMID: 32533609 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The castration of bulls increases the intramuscular fat (IMF) content in skeletal muscle. However, the biological processes of IMF accumulation in skeletal muscle after castration are not completely understood at the molecular level. This study examined the global transcriptomic changes in the longissimus thoracis muscle (LT) of bulls following castration using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and identified new genes or pathways associated with beef quality. Ten bulls and 10 steers castrated at 6 months of age were slaughtered at 26 and 32 months of age respectively. For transcriptome analysis, six LT samples from three bulls and three steers were selected based on age, carcass weight, carcass quantity and beef quality grades. Using RNA-Seq, transcriptomic profiles of the LT were compared between bulls and steers. In all, 640 of the 18,027 genes identified through RNA-Seq were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between bulls and steers. Pathway analysis of these 640 DEGs showed significant (p < .05) changes in seven Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, and the most significant terms were complement and coagulation cascade pathways. The transcriptomic expression patterns of 10 genes in the complement and coagulation cascades were validated using all animals through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. In conclusion, transcriptome changes associated with the complement and coagulation cascade pathways provide novel insights into understanding molecular mechanisms responsible for IMF accumulation following castration in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Weon Na
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Ju Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Jong Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myunggi Baik
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Pyeongchang-gun, South Korea
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Mueller LF, Balieiro JCC, Ferrinho AM, Martins TDS, da Silva Corte RRP, de Amorim TR, de Jesus Mangini Furlan J, Baldi F, Pereira ASC. Gender status effect on carcass and meat quality traits of feedlot Angus × Nellore cattle. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1078-1089. [PMID: 31240763 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effect of gender status on carcass and meat quality of feedlot Angus × Nellore cattle. A total of 176 cattle, 20 months old, were confined for 190-days and assigned to four treatments: bulls, immunocastrated, steers, and heifers. Bulls had greater rib eye area and HCW (p = 0.0001). Heifers had increased fat thickness (p = 0.0001). Steers and heifers had higher marbling scores (p = 0.0001). There was interaction between gender and aging time for Warner-Bratzler Shear Force (p = 0.0002), L* (p = 0.0118), and b* (p = 0.0113) values of beef. The sensory panel results showed that beef from bulls had the lowest consumer overall acceptance (p = 0.0278). Especially, regardless tenderness, steers and immunocastrated beef were considered tender, independent of aging time. Beef produced by heifers, steers, and immunocastrated is considered to be of higher quality than bulls. Thus, it is may be an interesting alternative to produce high-quality beef than bulls, to attend the consumer demand for high-quality products. Additionally, the low fatty acids n6 levels and low n6:n3 ratio, high levels of CLA, MUFAs, and oleic acid suggests that the heifer meat is favorable for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenise Freitas Mueller
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Adrielle Matias Ferrinho
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Baldi
- College of Agrarian Sciences and Veterinary Sciences, State University of Sao Paulo UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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7
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Effects of castration and slaughter age on the fatty acid composition of ovine muscle and adipose tissue from two breeds. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Gamarra D, Aldai N, Arakawa A, Barron LJR, López-Oceja A, de Pancorbo MM, Taniguchi M. Distinct correlations between lipogenic gene expression and fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat among cattle breeds. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:167. [PMID: 29792205 PMCID: PMC5966917 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fatty acid (FA) composition of adipose tissue influences the nutritional quality of meat products. The unsaturation level of FAs is determined by fatty acid desaturases such as stearoyl-CoA desaturases (SCDs), which are under control of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP). Differences in SCD genotype may thus confer variations in lipid metabolism and FA content among cattle breeds. This study investigated correlations between FA composition and lipogenic gene expression levels in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of beef cattle breeds of different gender from the Basque region of northern Spain. Pirenaica is the most important beef cattle breed in northern Spain, while Salers cattle and Holstein-Friesian cull cows are also an integral part of the regional beef supply. RESULTS Pirenaica heifers showed higher monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) contents in subcutaneous adipose tissue than other breeds (P < 0.001). Alternatively, Salers bulls produced the highest oleic acid content, followed by Pirenaica heifers (P < 0.001). There was substantial variability in SCD gene expression among breeds, consistent with these differences in MUFA and CLA content. Correlations between SCD1 expression and most FA desaturation indexes (DIs) were positive in Salers (P < 0.05) and Pirenaica bulls, while, in general, SCD5 expression showed few significant correlations with DIs. There was a significant linear correlation between SCD1 and SRBEP1 in all breeds, suggesting strong regulation of SCD1 expression by SRBEP1. Pirenaica heifers showed a stronger correlation between SCD1 and SREBP1 than Pirenaica bulls. We also observed a opposite relationship between SCD1 and SCD5 expression levels and opposite associations of isoform expression levels with the ∆9 desaturation indexes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the relationships between FA composition and lipogenic gene expression are influenced by breed and sex. The opposite relationship between SCD isoforms suggests a compensatory regulation of total SCD activity, while opposite relationships between SCD isoforms and desaturation indexes, specially 9c-14:1 DI, previously reported as an indicator of SCD activity, may reflect distinct activities of SCD1 and SCD5 in regulation of FA content. These findings may be useful for beef/dairy breeding and feeding programs to supply nutritionally favorable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gamarra
- Biomics Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Lactiker Research Group; Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Aisaku Arakawa
- Animal Genome Unit, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, 305-0901 Japan
| | - Luis Javier R. Barron
- Lactiker Research Group; Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Andrés López-Oceja
- Biomics Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Marian M. de Pancorbo
- Biomics Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Masaaki Taniguchi
- Animal Genome Unit, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, 305-0901 Japan
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9
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Pouzo L, Fanego N, Santini F, Descalzo A, Pavan E. Animal performance, carcass characteristics and beef fatty acid profile of grazing steers supplemented with corn grain and increasing amounts of flaxseed at two animal weights during finishing. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Alvarado-Gilis CA, Aperce CC, Miller KA, Van Bibber-Krueger CL, Uwituze S, Drouillard JS, Higgins JJ. Effects of feeding diets rich in α-linolenic acid and copper on performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid profiles of feedlot heifers1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:5612-21. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - C. C. Aperce
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - K. A. Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | | | - S. Uwituze
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - J. S. Drouillard
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - J. J. Higgins
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
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11
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Oliveira DM, Chalfun-Junior A, Chizzotti ML, Barreto HG, Coelho TC, Paiva LV, Coelho CP, Teixeira PD, Schoonmaker JP, Ladeira MM. Expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the muscle of beef cattle fed soybean or rumen-protected fat, with or without monensin supplementation. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:5426-36. [PMID: 25403202 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Degree of unsaturation of fatty acids, which is influenced by lipid source and level of metabolism in the rumen, is a major determinant in how dietary lipids affect genes that regulate beef marbling. A total of 28 Red Norte bulls with an initial live weight of 361±32 kg (P>0.05) were used in a completely randomized experimental design to analyze the expression of genes that are involved in lipid metabolism in the longissimus dorsi (LD) when diets contained soybean grain or rumen-protected fat, with or without monensin. Treatments were arranged as a 2×2 factorial, with 4 treatments and 7 replicates per treatment. Half of the animals that received soybean or rumen-protected fat were supplemented with 230 mg head(-1) d(-1) of monensin. Gene expression was analyzed by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) in the LD muscle was not affected by lipid source or monensin (P>0.05). There was an interaction effect (P<0.05) between lipid source and monensin for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) expression, where greater gene expression was found in animals fed soybean plus monensin and the lower gene expression was found in animals fed rumen-protected fat plus monensin. Expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) were greater (P<0.05) in the LD muscle of animals fed soybean. Monensin had no effect on LPL and FABP4 expression when soybean without monensin was fed, but when rumen-protected fat was fed, monensin increased LPL expression and decreased FABP4 expression (P<0.05). Linoleic and arachidonic acids had negative correlations (P<0.05) with the expression of PPAR-α, SCD, FABP4, and LPL genes. PPAR-α gene expression was not correlated with SREBP-1c but was positively correlated with SCD, FABP4, LPL, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) gene expression (P<0.001). Lipid sources and monensin interact and alter the expression of PPAR-α, SCD, acetyl CoA carboxylase α (ACACA), LPL, FABP4, and GPX1. These changes in gene expression were most associated with arachidonic and α-linolenic acids and the ability of lipid sources and monensin to increase these fatty acids in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37.200-000
| | - A Chalfun-Junior
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37.200-000
| | - M L Chizzotti
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36.570-000
| | - H G Barreto
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil, 77.402-970
| | - T C Coelho
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37.200-000
| | - L V Paiva
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37.200-000
| | - C P Coelho
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37.200-000
| | - P D Teixeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37.200-000
| | - J P Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906
| | - M M Ladeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37.200-000
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Hayashida M, Souma K, Sugo K, Araki SI, Ishizaka F, Ueda M, Kasai T, Masuko T. Sex and age differences in meat composition of Yeso sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) reared for a short period after capture in the wild. Anim Sci J 2014; 86:207-13. [PMID: 25186458 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Yeso sika deer captured in winter around Lake Akan in Hokkaido were reared for 8-10 months at Tokyo University of Agriculture in Abashiri. Six 1-year-old females and males and six 2-year-old or older (adult) females and males were slaughtered and their carcasses were processed. The chemical composition, mineral contents and fatty acid composition of the loin were measured. No marked influence of gender or age was noted in the chemical composition of loin. In the mineral contents, significant differences were noted. The potassium and sulfur contents were lower and the sodium content was higher in adult deer meat (P < 0.05, respectively) and the potassium content was higher in male deer meat (P < 0.05). Arsenic, cadmium or lead were not detected. In the unsaturated fatty acid, a significant interaction was detected (P < 0.05), and it was high in 1-year-old female deer meat and low in 1-year-old male deer meat. Significant gender or age differences were noted only in the mineral contents in the loin of deer reared for a short period after capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Hayashida
- Department of Bio-production Technology, Junior College of Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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da Costa ASH, Pires VMR, Fontes CMGA, Mestre Prates JA. Expression of genes controlling fat deposition in two genetically diverse beef cattle breeds fed high or low silage diets. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:118. [PMID: 23767408 PMCID: PMC3691746 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both genetic background and finishing system can alter fat deposition, thus indicating their influence on adipogenic and lipogenic factors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying fat deposition and fatty acid composition in beef cattle are not fully understood. This study aimed to assess the effect of breed and dietary silage level on the expression patterns of key genes controlling lipid metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle of cattle. To that purpose, forty bulls from two genetically diverse Portuguese bovine breeds with distinct maturity rates, Alentejana and Barrosã, were selected and fed either low (30% maize silage/70% concentrate) or high silage (70% maize silage/30% concentrate) diets. Results The results suggested that enhanced deposition of fatty acids in the SAT from Barrosã bulls, when compared to Alentejana, could be due to higher expression levels of lipogenesis (SCD and LPL) and β-oxidation (CRAT) related genes. Our results also indicated that SREBF1 expression in the SAT is increased by feeding the low silage diet. Together, these results point out to a higher lipid turnover in the SAT of Barrosã bulls when compared to Alentejana. In turn, lipid deposition in the LL muscle is related to the expression of adipogenic (PPARG and FABP4) and lipogenic (ACACA and SCD) genes. The positive correlation between ACACA expression levels and total lipids, as well trans fatty acids, points to ACACA as a major player in intramuscular deposition in ruminants. Moreover, results reinforce the role of FABP4 in intramuscular fat development and the SAT as the major site for lipid metabolism in ruminants. Conclusions Overall, the results showed that SAT and LL muscle fatty acid composition are mostly dependent on the genetic background. In addition, dietary silage level impacted on muscle lipid metabolism to a greater extent than on that of SAT, as evaluated by gene expression levels of adipogenic and lipogenic factors. Moreover, the response to diet composition evaluated through mRNA levels and fatty acid composition showed interesting differences between Alentejana and Barrosã bulls. These findings provide evidence that the genetic background should be taken into account while devising diet-based strategies to manipulate fatty acid composition of beef cattle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Henriques da Costa
- Secção de Bioquímica, CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av, da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa 1300-477, Portugal
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14
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Park CS, Choi I, Park YS. Sexual Maturation May Affect the Levels of n-6 PUFA in Muscle Tissues of Male Mice. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2013.55.2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Costa ASH, Silva MP, Alfaia CPM, Pires VMR, Fontes CMGA, Bessa RJB, Prates JAM. Genetic background and diet impact beef fatty acid composition and stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA expression. Lipids 2013; 48:369-81. [PMID: 23467818 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The intramuscular fat composition of ruminant meats influences the quality of the final product, which explains the increasing interest in assessing the fatty acid profile of meat from different production systems. In this study, it was hypothesized that there are breed- and diet-induced variations on lipid metabolism in the muscle, which may be, at least partially, modulated by the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression levels. Forty purebred young bulls from two phylogenetically distant autochthonous cattle breeds, Alentejana and Barrosã (n = 20 for each breed), were assigned to two different diets (low vs. high silage) and slaughtered at 18 months of age. Meat fatty acid composition, including the detailed conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomeric profile, was determined along with the SCD mRNA levels. Meat from Barrosã bulls fed the low silage diet was richer in monounsaturated fatty acids, CLA and trans fatty acids, when compared to that from Alentejana bulls. The meat content in polyunsaturated fatty acids was similar across experimental groups. Moderate positive correlations between the SCD mRNA levels and the products of this enzyme activity were found, although they were not reflected on the calculated desaturase indices. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of taking into account the genetic background while devising feeding strategies to manipulate beef fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S H Costa
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
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