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Fabjanowska J, Kowalczuk-Vasilev E, Klebaniuk R, Milewski S, Gümüş H. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Nutritional Support of the Reproductive and Immune System of Cattle-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3589. [PMID: 38003206 PMCID: PMC10668692 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on the role of n-3 fatty acids as a nutrient crucial to the proper functioning of reproductive and immune systems in cattle. Emphasis was placed on the connection between maternal and offspring immunity. The summarized results confirm the importance and beneficial effect of n-3 family fatty acids on ruminant organisms. Meanwhile, dietary n-3 fatty acids supplementation, especially during the critical first week for dairy cows experiencing their peripartum period, in general, is expected to enhance reproductive performance, and the impact of its supplementation appears to be dependent on body condition scores of cows during the drying period, the severity of the negative energy balance, and the amount of fat in the basic feed ration. An unbalanced, insufficient, or excessive fatty acid supplementation of cows' diets in the early stages of pregnancy (during fetus development) may affect both the metabolic and nutritional programming of the offspring. The presence of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family in the calves' ration affects not only the performance of calves but also the immune response, antioxidant status, and overall metabolism of the future adult cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fabjanowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Renata Klebaniuk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Szymon Milewski
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Hıdır Gümüş
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, 15030 Burdur, Türkiye;
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Effect of Adding Extra Virgin Olive Oil to Hair Sheep Lambs' Diets on Productive Performance, Ruminal Fermentation Kinetics and Rumen Ciliate Protozoa. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192588. [PMID: 36230330 PMCID: PMC9558953 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined productive performance, ruminal fermentation kinetics and rumen ciliate protozoa in hair sheep lambs fed different levels of olive oil. Twenty-four growing lambs were used, with an initial live weight of 10.5 ± 2.9 kg, and randomly assigned into four treatments (six animals per treatment) containing increasing levels of extra virgin olive oil (0, 2, 4 and 6% of dry matter). Animals were fed for 80 days, and sampling was carried out weekly. Intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and metabolizable energy (ME) differed between treatments (p < 0.05), with a linear and cubic tendency to decrease when oil concentrations were increased. Digestibility coefficients of OM, CP and NDF were not affected; however, the relationship between total intake and nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, NDF, ADF) increased with 2% DM olive oil. Compared with all treatments, the concentration of propionic acid increased by 16% with 4% olive oil. The intake of olive oil did not affect the protozoa population and live weight gain. Overall, the inclusion of olive oil in low concentrations (2% of DM) positively influences feed intake and nutrient digestibility in hair sheep lambs.
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Kheirabadi S, Dehghan-Banadaky M, Ganjkhanlou M. Effects of different dietary fat levels and sources on diet digestibility, fattening performance and meat quality of Holstein young bulls when substituted for dietary barley grain. Arch Anim Nutr 2022; 76:34-49. [PMID: 35130807 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2021.2013114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of substituting dietary barley grain by different sources and levels of fat on performance and meat quality of Holstein young bulls. Twenty-eight Holstein male calves, 274 ± 32 kg initial body weight, were used in a completely randomised design with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement for 100 d (with 10 d of adaptation). Seven animals were randomly allocated per treatment. Four dietary treatments were tested, which included: (1) diet supplemented with saturated fat (Energizer® RP10) at low level (diet with high barley and starch content), (2) diet supplemented with saturated fat at high level (diet with low barley and starch content), (3) diet supplemented with unsaturated fat (Persiafat) at low level (diet with high barley and starch content) and (4) diet supplemented with unsaturated fat at high level (diet with low barley and starch content). The dry matter intake, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass traits were not affected by supplemental fat sources and levels. Total tract digestibility of acid detergent fibre was improved after inclusion of both rumen-protected fat sources while other nutrient digestibilities were not affected by the fat sources or levels. In conclusion, partial replacing of dietary starch with fat supplements has not negative effects on calves' performance and digestibility of neutral detergent fibre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahpour Kheirabadi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Alborz, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dehghan-Banadaky
- Faculty of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ganjkhanlou
- Faculty of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
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de Sousa SV, Diogenes LV, Oliveira RL, Souza MNS, Mazza PHS, da Silva Júnior JM, Pereira ES, Parente MOM, Araújo MJ, de Oliveira JPF, Bezerra LR. Effect of dietary buriti oil on the quality, fatty acid profile and sensorial attributes of lamb meat. Meat Sci 2022; 186:108734. [PMID: 35033833 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Forty crossbred (Santa Ines × Dorper) male lambs were used to investigate the effect of dietary buriti oil (BOIL) intake on meat quality, fatty acid (FA) composition and sensory attributes. A completely randomized design with five BOIL intake levels (0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 g/kg DM) was used. Increasing dietary BOIL intake linearly reduced the DMI, slaughter weight, cooking loss, shear force, yellowness, 16:0, c9-18:1 FA concentrations, and the delta-9-desaturase activity index computed using c9-16:1 and 16:0 as product and substrate pair, cis-MUFA and ƩMUFA/ƩSFA ratio of lamb meat (P ≤ 0.05); however, increasing dietary BOIL intake quadratically increased the energy intake, lipid content and linearly increased the total FA intake, chroma, collagen, total BI, 18:0, 20:3n-6 concentration and sensory attributes of lamb meat (P ≤ 0.05), without affecting health indexes regarding fat consumption. BOIL addition at levels above 24 g/kg DM in lamb diet reduces growth, however, improves tenderness, flavor and "goat" aroma intensity and slightly changes meat FA levels, promoting better acceptance by panelists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V de Sousa
- Federal University of Piaui, Department of Animal Science, 64049550 Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - L V Diogenes
- Center of Health and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Avenida Universitária, s/n - Jatobá, Patos - PB, 58708110 Patos, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - R L Oliveira
- Federal University of Bahia, Department of Animal Science, 40170110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M N S Souza
- Federal University of Bahia, Department of Animal Science, 40170110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - P H S Mazza
- Federal University of Bahia, Department of Animal Science, 40170110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J M da Silva Júnior
- Federal University of Bahia, Department of Animal Science, 40170110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - E S Pereira
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza City, Ceará State, Brazil
| | - M O M Parente
- Center of Environment and Agriculture Science, Federal University of Maranhão, Chapadinha 65500000, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - M J Araújo
- Federal University of Piaui, Department of Animal Science, 64049550 Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - J P F de Oliveira
- Center of Health and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Avenida Universitária, s/n - Jatobá, Patos - PB, 58708110 Patos, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - L R Bezerra
- Center of Health and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Avenida Universitária, s/n - Jatobá, Patos - PB, 58708110 Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.
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Possamai AJ, Zervoudakis JT, de Oliveira AS, Hatamoto-Zervoudakis LK, da Rosa E Silva PIJL, da Freiria LB, Boas E Silva YRV. Modulating the lipid profile of beef using cottonseed and crude glycerin. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:173. [PMID: 33599873 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The search for healthy food leads to demand for functional foods that do not harm the health of the consumers. The objective was to evaluate the impact of the supply of cottonseed and crude glycerin as modulators of the lipid profile of the beef produced on pasture. The concentrated supplement was formulated with two levels of cottonseed (0 and 25%) and/or two levels of crude glycerin (0 and 15%), totaling four experimental groups. Two experiments were conducted; the first experiment was outlined in a 5 × 5 Latin square design, contrasting the protein-energy supplementation with the mineral supplementation. The concentrate supplementation allowed the increase in intake and digestibility of the dry matter (P = 0.03), ether extract, crude protein, and non-fibrous carbohydrate (P < 0.01). However, the results showed no effect of crude glycerin or cottonseed inclusion on intake or nutrients digestibility. The second experiment evaluated the protein-energy supplementation and its impact on the lipid profile of meat produced, carcass characteristics, and animal performance. There was no influence of cottonseed or crude glycerin in performance or carcass characteristics. However, the use of the cottonseed reduced the content of short-chain fatty acids, omega 3 linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) C18: 2 cis 9 trans 11 (P < 0.01), and the inclusion of crude glycerin led to increased conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) C18: 2 cis 9 trans 11 (P = 0.04). An important result is given by illustrating the impact of these fatty acids in the nutritional quality of the meat. Thus, it is possible to manipulate the lipid profile of meat produced by cottonseed or crude glycerin supplementation, without affecting the animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André Soares de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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El-Bahr SM, Al-Sultan S, Alfattah MA, Shehab A, Sabeq I, Shousha S, Ahmed-Farid O, El-Garhy O, Albusadah KA, Alhojaily S, Khattab W. Influence of dietary combinations of Amphora coffeaeformis with linseed oil or sunflower oil on performance, fatty and amino acid profiles, oxidative stability and meat quality of broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1983736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabry M. El-Bahr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Saad Al-Sultan
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Shehab
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Islam Sabeq
- Department of Food Control and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Saad Shousha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Omar Ahmed-Farid
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Osama El-Garhy
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Khalid A. Albusadah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Alhojaily
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasseem Khattab
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
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Antonelo D, Gómez J, Goulart R, Beline M, Cônsolo N, Corte R, Silva H, Ferrinho A, Pereira A, Gerrard D, Silva S. Performance, carcass traits, meat quality and composition of non-castrated Nellore and crossbred male cattle fed soybean oil. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Urrutia O, Mendizabal JA, Alfonso L, Soret B, Insausti K, Arana A. Adipose Tissue Modification through Feeding Strategies and Their Implication on Adipogenesis and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Ruminants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3183. [PMID: 32365995 PMCID: PMC7246642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary recommendations by health authorities have been advising of the importance of diminishing saturated fatty acids (SFA) consumption and replacing them by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-3. Therefore, there have been efforts to enhance food fatty acid profiles, helping them to meet human nutritional recommendations. Ruminant meat is the major dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) source, but it also contains SFA at relatively high proportions, deriving from ruminal biohydrogenation of PUFA. Additionally, lipid metabolism in ruminants may differ from other species. Recent research has aimed to modify the fatty acid profile of meat, and other animal products. This review summarizes dietary strategies based on the n-3 PUFA supplementation of ruminant diets and their effects on meat fatty acid composition. Additionally, the role of n-3 PUFA in adipose tissue (AT) development and in the expression of key genes involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism is discussed. It has been demonstrated that linseed supplementation leads to an increase in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whilst fish oil and algae increase DHA content. Dietary PUFA can alter AT adiposity and modulate lipid metabolism genes expression, although further research is required to clarify the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia Urrutia
- IS-FOOD Institute, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y Biociencias, Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (J.A.M.); (L.A.); (B.S.); (K.I.); (A.A.)
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9
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López-Pedrouso M, Rodríguez-Vázquez R, Purriños L, Oliván M, García-Torres S, Sentandreu MÁ, Lorenzo JM, Zapata C, Franco D. Sensory and Physicochemical Analysis of Meat from Bovine Breeds in Different Livestock Production Systems, Pre-Slaughter Handling Conditions and Ageing Time. Foods 2020; 9:E176. [PMID: 32054070 PMCID: PMC7074555 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different bovine breeds and production systems are used worldwide, giving rise to differences in intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of beef. In order to meet the consumer requirements, new approaches are currently being developed to guarantee tenderness, taste, and juiciness of beef. However, the final consumer perception is complex, and it is also affected by several interrelated variables. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical parameters and sensory profile of three Spanish cattle breeds under different livestock production systems (extensive and intensive) and pre-slaughter handling conditions (mixing and not mixing with unfamiliar individuals at pre-mortem time). Meat samples from each group were also studied at different ageing times (7 and 14 days). Regarding sensory attributes, twelve panelists assessed meat samples and an exhaustive statistical analysis was carried out. The most evident and strongest effect was the breed type, allowing a great differentiation among them using principal components and discriminant analysis. The livestock production system was the second most important parameter, significantly affecting odor, flavor, and textural profile (fibrousness). It can be concluded that there were marked differences in the traits of these beef that could be modified by other factors in order to fulfill consumer tastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María López-Pedrouso
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.L.-P.); (R.R.-V.); (C.Z.)
| | - Raquel Rodríguez-Vázquez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.L.-P.); (R.R.-V.); (C.Z.)
| | - Laura Purriños
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain; (L.P.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Mamen Oliván
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Apdo. 13, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain;
- ISPA, Avda Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana García-Torres
- CICYTEX (Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura), Junta de Extremadura. Ctra. A-V, Km372, 06187 Guadajira, Spain;
| | - Miguel Ángel Sentandreu
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino, 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain; (L.P.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Carlos Zapata
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.L.-P.); (R.R.-V.); (C.Z.)
| | - Daniel Franco
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain; (L.P.); (J.M.L.)
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Antonelo DS, Cônsolo NRB, Gómez JFM, Beline M, Goulart RS, Corte RRPS, Colnago LA, Schilling MW, Gerrard DE, Silva SL. Metabolite profile and consumer sensory acceptability of meat from lean Nellore and Angus × Nellore crossbreed cattle fed soybean oil. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109056. [PMID: 32331638 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Thirty each Nellore (NEL) and crossbred Angus × Nellore (AxN) were used to evaluate the effect of feeding soybean oil (SBO) and breed on meat sensory acceptability and its relation to muscle metabolite profiles. Cattle were fed for 133 d on two different diets: 1) basal feedlot diet (CON) and 2) CON diet with 3.5% added SBO. No interactions between diet and genetic group were detected for any traits measured. Meat from animals fed SBO diet had lower overall liking, flavor, tenderness and juiciness scores compared to meat from animals fed CON diet. The four most important compounds differing between animals fed CON and SBO diets were betaine, glycerol, fumarate, and carnosine, suggesting that metabolic pathways such as glycerolipid metabolism; glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; glutamine and glutamate metabolism; valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis; and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were affected by diets. Nellore beef had a higher overall liking and meat flavor scores than AxN beef. The four most important compounds differing between breeds were glycine, glucose, alanine, and carnosine, which may indicate that metabolic pathways such as glutathione metabolism; primary bile acid biosynthesis; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; and valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis were affected by genetic groups. Meat carnosine, inosine monophosphate, glutamate, betaine, glycerol and creatinine levels were correlated with sensory acceptability scores. Meat metabolite profiles and sensory acceptability were differentially impacted by diet and breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Antonelo
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga/SP 13635-900, Brazil.
| | - Nara R B Cônsolo
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga/SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Juan F M Gómez
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga/SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Mariane Beline
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga/SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Goulart
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga/SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - R R P S Corte
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga/SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Colnago
- EMBRAPA Instrumentation, XV de Novembro 1452, São Carlos/SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - M Wes Schilling
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, United States
| | - David E Gerrard
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Saulo L Silva
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga/SP 13635-900, Brazil; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) Fellow, Brazil
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11
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Mattioli S, Castellini C, Mancini S, Roscini V, Cartoni Mancinelli A, Cotozzolo E, Pauselli M, Dal Bosco A. Effect of trub and/or linseed dietary supplementation on in vivo oxidative status and some quality traits of rabbit meat. Meat Sci 2020; 163:108061. [PMID: 32058890 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effect of the dietary beer trub, alone or in combination with linseed, on meat quality, oxidative status and cholesterol content of rabbit. Eighty New Zealand White rabbits were divided at weaning (30 d) into four dietary groups: control (C) fed a standard diet, trub (T, 2% of lyophilized trub), linseed (L, 3% of extruded linseed), and trub-linseed in combination (TL, 2% of lyophilized trub and 3% of extruded linseed). At slaughtering (80 d) the oxidative parameters of blood and quality of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum were analysed. The in vivo lipid oxidation was similar in the supplemental groups, whereas it was higher in T, L and TL meat compared to C. Trub supplementation in rabbit diets slightly affected the fatty acid profile (MUFA) and worsened the oxidative status of meat, and its inclusion in combination with linseed did not counteract the oxidative instability induced by the higher PUFA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia - Borgo 20 Giugno, 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia - Borgo 20 Giugno, 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Mancini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Roscini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia - Borgo 20 Giugno, 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia - Borgo 20 Giugno, 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Cotozzolo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia - Borgo 20 Giugno, 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mariano Pauselli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia - Borgo 20 Giugno, 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia - Borgo 20 Giugno, 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy
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12
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Melendez P, Ramirez R, Marin MP, Duchens M, Pinedo P. Comparison between linseed expeller and canola expeller on concentrate intake, and circulating inflammatory mediators in Holstein calves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 6:47-53. [PMID: 32211528 PMCID: PMC7082647 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effect of linseed and canola expeller on average daily weight gain (ADG), concentrate intakes, incidence of diarrhea, serum haptoglobin, interleukin (IL)-1, and resolvin-E1 in female Holstein calves from birth to weaning. A sample size of 20 calves per group was calculated and were randomly allocated at the time of birth. Linseed group (LIN) was fed a starter with linseed expeller, while canola group (CAN) received a similar concentrate, but with canola expeller. Both expellers were included at a rate of 25% dry matter (DM) basis of the starter. Pasteurized waste milk was fed twice a day until weaning. Calves were weighed at birth, 30, and 60 d of age. Starter intake was evaluated daily from 5 to 60 d. A blood sample was obtained at birth, 14, 28, 35, and 49 d of age, and bovine serum resolvin-E1, haptoglobin, and IL-1 were assayed by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Incidence of diarrhea and the duration of the events were also recorded. The effect of the interaction group by time on body weight (BW) and starter intake was not significant (P > 0.05). Average daily gains (ADG) from 0 to 60 d for CAN and LIN groups were 0.680 and 0.675 kg/d (P > 0.05), respectively. Incidences of diarrhea were 25% and 45% for CAN and LIN groups, respectively (P = 0.18). LIN group had greater concentrations of IL-1 at d 21, haptoglobin at d 7, and resolving-E1 at d 14 and 49 than CAN group, respectively. It is concluded that BW at weaning, ADG, and concentrate intakes were not different between groups fed starters containing linseed or canola expeller (25% inclusion). The concentrations of cytokines and haptoglobin were the greatest in LIN group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Melendez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Romina Ramirez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University Santo Tomás, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - María P Marin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University Santo Tomás, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Mario Duchens
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Pinedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Costa FS, Cabral AR, Silva SL, Silva MAI, Henrique W, Mazalli MR, Baldi FS, Mueller LF, Ferrinho AM, Corte RRPS, Pereira ASC. Effects of n-3 and n-6 feeding sources on the quality and lipid oxidation of meat from feedlot-finished Bos indicus steers. Meat Sci 2019; 161:107966. [PMID: 31689663 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.107966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the fatty acid profile, sensory properties and lipid oxidation of meat on retail display (RD) from Nellore steers (n = 96) fed diets containing soybean (SOY), sunflower (SUN), or linseed (LIN) oil or a control diet (CON). After slaughtering, samples of the Longissimus muscle were collected for sensory properties (1 day), fatty acid composition (1 day) and oxidation stability (3 days under RDC) evaluations. No differences in total lipids, cholesterol, TBARS, and total SFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs, and PUFA/SFA were observed. However, meat from animals fed vegetable oil had more CLA than that of the CON samples. The flavour, juiciness and overall acceptability were affected by the treatments (P < 0.05), but no consistent effect of a specific oil source was observed. Meat colour was not affected by diets or days under RD, and 7-ketocholesterol was not detected in any sample. The oil sources used in this work were not effective in consistently changing meat properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane S Costa
- Paulista Agency for Agribusiness Technology, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Saulo L Silva
- University of Sao Paulo, USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | - Wignez Henrique
- Paulista Agency for Agribusiness Technology, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica R Mazalli
- University of Sao Paulo, USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | - Lenise F Mueller
- University of Sao Paulo, USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
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Wolf C, Messadène-Chelali J, Ulbrich SE, Kreuzer M, Giller K, Bérard J. Replacing sunflower oil by rumen-protected fish oil has only minor effects on the physico-chemical and sensory quality of Angus beef and beef patties. Meat Sci 2019; 154:109-118. [PMID: 31026718 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of feeding 450 g/day of rumen-protected fish oil (FO) compared to sunflower oil (SO) to Angus heifers (60 g/kg total intake) were quantified. Animal performance was not affected whereas the physico-chemical meat quality, assessed in three muscles, was slightly affected by diet. The oxidative shelf life of the perirenal fat declined with FO compared to SO. Despite the formerly shown increased n-3 fatty acid proportions of meat due to FO supplementation, a trained sensory panel identified an only slightly more intense fishy flavour in grilled steaks and beef patties from the FO compared to the SO group. In FO compared to SO patties, flavour intensity was more pronounced. The perception of off-flavours was negligible and differences between muscles were larger than between diets. In conclusion, supplementing ruminants with FO containing nutritionally beneficial n-3 fatty acids results in few side-effects on meat quality, restricted to quite faint off-flavours and a shorter fat shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wolf
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - S E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Physiology, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Giller
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - J Bérard
- ETH Zurich, AgroVet-Strickhof, Eschikon 27, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
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15
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Conte G, Serra A, Casarosa L, Ciucci F, Cappucci A, Bulleri E, Corrales-Retana L, Buccioni A, Mele M. Effect of Linseed Supplementation on Total Longissimus Muscle Lipid Composition and Shelf-Life of Beef From Young Maremmana Bulls. Front Vet Sci 2019; 5:326. [PMID: 30666306 PMCID: PMC6330289 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty young Maremmana bulls were randomly allotted to two dietary groups during a finishing period (~90 days): C diet (without lipid supplementation), and L diet (with linseed supplementation, 20% concentrate feed). The aim was to investigate the effects of dietary linseed supplementation on the intramuscular fat composition, and the shelf-life of minced beef. The L diet did not alter the dressing rate and daily weight gain, whereas the C18:3n-3 content in the intramuscular fat significantly increased (from 0.85 to 1.78 g/100 g of total fatty acid, +109%), leading to a reduction in a n-6/n-3 ratio below four and an increase in the overall proportion of long chain n-3 fatty acids in beef lipids. These effects were principally related to differences in the distribution of fatty acids between the neutral and polar lipids. The results demonstrated that linseed supplementation modified the lipid composition of beef, without negatively impacting overall productivity, in the period from weaning the bull until its slaughter. However, the total amount of n-3 fatty acids in the beef of young bulls on the L diet, was not sufficient for the aliquot of humans' n-3 fatty acid requirements. This was mainly related to the low levels of fat in the beef. Comparing beef samples from animals on the L diet, with samples from animals on the C diet, the higher levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids led to a significant reduction of shelf-life starting after 2 days of storage at 4°C, because of fatty acid and cholesterol oxidation. The L diet group samples showed a higher level of TBARS (+80%) and COPs (+73%), two important parameters to estimate the oxidation level of beef. This suggests that enriching beef with n-3 fatty acids should be coupled with packaging techniques that consider the higher susceptibility to lipid oxidation. In conclusion, dietary linseed supplementation led to a higher proportion of n-3 fatty acids in beef lipids, however, the natural content of antioxidant substances was not able to protect intramuscular fat from oxidation during storage at 4°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center of Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Serra
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center of Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Casarosa
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Cappucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bulleri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Buccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-alimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marcello Mele
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center of Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Larraín RE. Impacts of fat from ruminants' meat on cardiovascular health and possible strategies to alter its lipid composition. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1969-1978. [PMID: 27925211 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades there has been increased consumer interest in the fatty acid (FA) composition of ruminant meat due to its content of saturated FAs, which have been implicated in diseases associated with modern life. However, recent studies have questioned the recommendations to reduce intake of fat, saturated FAs and cholesterol as a means of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Interestingly, ruminant meat has some bioactive lipids such as C18:1t11 and C18:2 c9, t11 which have been reported to have positive effects on human health. In order to improve muscle fat composition from a human health standpoint, oilseeds, plant oils and marine oils can be used in ruminant diets. On the other hand, molecular mechanisms play an important role in the alteration of the FA composition of muscle fat. Genetics offer a wide range of possibilities for improvement of muscle fat composition by identifying different loci underlying the expression of quantitative traits. While significant progress has been made in characterizing the influence of diet on the FA composition of ruminant meat, the use of genetic tools can favor genotypes that could maximize their genetic potential through the diet. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla-306, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael E Larraín
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla-306, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Guerrero A, Muela E, Valero MV, Prado IN, Campo MM, Olleta JL, Catalán O, Sañudo C. Effect of the type of dietary fat when added as an energy source on animal performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of intensively reared Friesian steers. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an14682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different fats in the diet were evaluated on the basis of animal performance, carcass and meat-quality traits. Four groups of eight Friesian steers were intensively finished with concentrate and cereal straw given ad libitum. Four different types of fats were included at a 4% level in the diet, namely, palm oil, sunflower oil, tallow and hydrogenated fat. The feeding trial lasted for 84 days. There were no differences on animal performance or carcass characteristics, except for animals from the hydrogenated-fat diet, which had the greatest percentage of muscle and moisture, and the lowest percentage of fat in a 6th rib dissection. Meat colour, texture, lipid oxidation and consumer acceptability did not differ among the diets. Nevertheless, the effects of ageing or display time were more important than those of the source of fat. Intramuscular fatty acid profile was hardly influenced by the fat source. In conclusion, the type of fat added at the final stage of the rearing process, at a 4% of inclusion level, did not produce noticeable variations on productive parameters or product quality. This would allow to formulate rations for cattle, using the most profitable source of fat (added at low levels), without having variability on the product quality.
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18
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Effect of cassava bioethanol by-product and crude palm oil in Brahman x Thai native yearling heifer cattle diets: II. Carcass characteristics and meat quality. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:1629-31. [PMID: 26292792 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cassava bioethanol by-product (CEP) and crude palm oil (CPO) on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of yearling heifer cattle. Eighteen crossbred Brahman × Thai heifers were randomly allotted to 2 × 3 factorial arrangement consisting of two levels of CEP (15 or 30 %, LCEP or HCEP) and 3 levels of CPO (0, 2, and 4 %). The results obtained showed that lean meat was greater (P < 0.05) in HCEP-fed cattle, but bone percentage and lean/bone ratio were less (P < 0.05) than LCEP-fed cattle. Carcass fat (P < 0.05) and fat content (P < 0.01) were significantly increased with levels of dietary CPO. Diets with 4 % CPO supplementation had better effects on redness (a*, P < 0.01) and chroma (C*, P < 0.001) values. In conclusion, up to 30 % CEP can be used to improve lean carcass and 4 % CPO can improve the redness of the meat.
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Urrutia O, Mendizabal J, Insausti K, Soret B, Purroy A, Arana A. Effect of linseed dietary supplementation on adipose tissue development, fatty acid composition, and lipogenic gene expression in lambs. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Vahmani P, Mapiye C, Prieto N, Rolland DC, McAllister TA, Aalhus JL, Dugan MER. The scope for manipulating the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of beef: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2015. [PMID: 26199725 PMCID: PMC4509462 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-015-0026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1950, links between intake of saturated fatty acids and heart disease have led to recommendations to limit consumption of saturated fatty acid-rich foods, including beef. Over this time, changes in food consumption patterns in several countries including Canada and the USA have not led to improvements in health. Instead, the incidence of obesity, type II diabetes and associated diseases have reached epidemic proportions owing in part to replacement of dietary fat with refined carbohydrates. Despite the content of saturated fatty acids in beef, it is also rich in heart healthy cis-monounsaturated fatty acids, and can be an important source of long-chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in populations where little or no oily fish is consumed. Beef also contains polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation products, including vaccenic and rumenic acids, which have been shown to have anticarcinogenic and hypolipidemic properties in cell culture and animal models. Beef can be enriched with these beneficial fatty acids through manipulation of beef cattle diets, which is now more important than ever because of increasing public understanding of the relationships between diet and health. The present review examines recommendations for beef in human diets, the need to recognize the complex nature of beef fat, how cattle diets and management can alter the fatty acid composition of beef, and to what extent content claims are currently possible for beef fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, T4L 1 W1, Lacombe, AB Canada
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Nuria Prieto
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, T4L 1 W1, Lacombe, AB Canada ; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - David C Rolland
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, T4L 1 W1, Lacombe, AB Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 1st Avenue South 5403, PO Box 3000, T1J 4B1 Lethbridge, AB Canada
| | - Jennifer L Aalhus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, T4L 1 W1, Lacombe, AB Canada
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, T4L 1 W1, Lacombe, AB Canada
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Phoemchalard C, Uriyapongson S, Berg EP. Effect of cassava bioethanol by-product and crude palm oil in Brahman x Thai native yearling heifer cattle diets: I. Nutrient digestibility and growth performance. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:663-8. [PMID: 24510198 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cassava bioethanol by-product (CEP) and crude palm oil (CPO) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of yearling heifers were investigated in a 150-day feeding trial. Eighteen, crossbred heifers (Brahman x Thai native) were randomly allotted according to 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Low or high levels of CEP (15 or 30% of concentrate, LCEP, or HCEP) were basal treatments and 0, 2, and 4% CPO were daily top-dressed. Concentrate was supplemented at 1.75% of body weight (BW) and rice straw offered ad libitum. CEP level had no significance on feed intake. CPO increased roughage intake, concentrate intake, and total feed intake when expressed as %BW/d (P < 0.01) and as metabolic BW (kg(0.75)/d, P < 0.05). Intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) were similar (P > 0.05). Intake of fat increased with higher levels of CPO (P < 0.001). The DM, OM, CP, and EE digestibility of cattle-fed HCEP was lower than LCEP, but adding 4% CPO increased digestibility. Growth performance was similar for all diets (P > 0.05). We concluded that CEP can be used up to 30% in the diet, with or without additional fat inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirasak Phoemchalard
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, KhonKaen, 40002, Thailand
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