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Miao Q, Si X, Zhao Q, Zhang H, Qin Y, Tang C, Zhang J. Deposition and enrichment of carotenoids in livestock products: An overview. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101245. [PMID: 38426078 PMCID: PMC10901861 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A wide range of research has illustrated that carotenoids play a key role in human health through their versatile beneficial biological functions. Traditionally, the majority dietary sources of carotenoids for humans are obtained from vegetables and fruits, however, the contribution of animal-derived foods has attracted more interest in recent years. Livestock products such as eggs, meat, and milk have been considered as the appropriate and unique carriers for the deposition of carotenoids. In addition, with the enrichment of carotenoids, the nutritional quality of these animal-origin foods would be improved as well as the economic value. Here, we offer an overview covering aspects including the physicochemical properties of carotenoids, the situation of carotenoids fortified in livestock products, and the pathways that lead to the deposition of carotenoids in livestock products. The summary of these important nutrients in livestock products will provide references for animal husbandry and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xueyang Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Li J, Chen Y, Gao A, Wei L, Wei D, Wang W. Simultaneous Production of Cellulase and β-Carotene in the Filamentous Fungus Trichoderma reesei. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6358-6365. [PMID: 37042195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
β-Carotene is an indispensable additive in beverage, cosmetic, feed, and pharmaceutical production. The fermentation industry annually generates abundant waste mycelia from Trichoderma reesei (T. reesei), a pivotal industrial strain for cellulase and heterologous protein production. In this study, we constructed a T. reesei cell factory for β-carotene production for the first time. Four key enzymes, CarRP, CarB, GGS1/CrtE, and HMG1, were overexpressed in T. reesei. The concentrations of medium components, including tryptone and glucose, were optimized. The modified strain accumulated β-carotene at a titer of 218.8 mg/L in flask culture. We achieved cellulase production (FPase, 22.33 IU/mL) with the concomitant production of β-carotene (286.63 mg/L) from T. reesei in a jar. Overall, this study offers a novel and unique approach to address the costly waste mycelium management process using T. reesei industrial strains that simultaneously produce proteins and carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yumeng Chen
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ao Gao
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liujing Wei
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Lipid Characteristics of the Muscle and Perirenal Fat in Young Tudanca Bulls Fed on Different Levels of Grass Silage. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020261. [PMID: 36670801 PMCID: PMC9855051 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Beef derived from grass-fed cattle is a specific quality criterion. The effect of grass silage intake on quality characteristics, i.e., fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, and lipid-derived volatile composition of intramuscular and perirenal fat from fattening bull weaners were studied. Visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) spectra were also obtained from perirenal fat. Perirenal fat analysis was performed for feeding differentiation purposes. A total of 22 Tudanca breed 11-month-aged bulls were finished on three different diets: grass silage and a commercial concentrate ad libitum (GS-AC), grass silage ad libitum and the commercial concentrate restricted to half of the intake of the GS-AC group (GS-LC), and barley straw and concentrate ad libitum (Str-AC). Feeding had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on γ-linolenic acid and the ratio n-6/n-3 fatty acids. Furthermore, β-carotene content was greater in beef from silage groups than in the Str-AC group. Feeding also affected the perirenal fat composition. Beef from silage-fed bulls and straw-fed bulls could be differentiated by fatty acid percentages, especially 18:0, t-18:1, and c9-18:1, β-carotene content, b* colour value, and carotenoid colour index. However, the VIS or NIR spectra data showed poor differentiating performance, and the volatile composition did not have appreciable differentiation power.
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The Effect of the Inclusion of Different Concentrates in Feed Rations on the Contents of Tocopherols, β-Carotene and Retinol in the Livers and Longissimus dorsi Muscles of Farm-Raised Fallow Deer ( Dama dama L.). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233311. [PMID: 36496832 PMCID: PMC9737357 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the chemical composition and contents of β-carotene, tocopherols and retinol in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles and livers of fallow deer (Dama dama L.) fed diets based on hay containing different concentrates (hay and oats—HO; hay, oats and protein concentrate—HOP; hay and pellets—HP). The provitamin and lipophilic vitamin contents in the samples of feed and animal tissues were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The contents of retinol were nearly two-fold higher (p < 0.002) in the livers and many-fold higher in the LD muscles of fallow deer fed the HOP and HP diets. β-carotene was not identified in the livers or LD muscles of fallow deer. The concentrations of α-tocopherol and total tocopherols were higher in the livers and LD muscles of the animals that received the HO and HP diets, but the noted differences were not significant. The inclusion of various concentrates in the feed rations had no influence on the proximate chemical compositions of the livers or LD muscles of fallow deer.
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Macho-González A, Bastida S, Garcimartín A, López-Oliva ME, González P, Benedí J, González-Muñoz MJ, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Functional Meat Products as Oxidative Stress Modulators: A Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1514-1539. [PMID: 33578416 PMCID: PMC8321872 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High meat consumption has been associated with increased oxidative stress mainly due to the generation of oxidized compounds in the body, such as malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-nonenal, oxysterols, or protein carbonyls, which can induce oxidative damage. Meat products are excellent matrices for introducing different bioactive compounds, to obtain functional meat products aimed at minimizing the pro-oxidant effects associated with high meat consumption. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the concept and preparation of healthy and functional meat, which could benefit antioxidant status. Likewise, the key strategies regarding meat production and storage as well as ingredients used (e.g., minerals, polyphenols, fatty acids, walnuts) for developing these functional meats are detailed. Although most effort has been made to reduce the oxidation status of meat, newly emerging approaches also aim to improve the oxidation status of consumers of meat products. Thus, we will delve into the relation between functional meats and their health effects on consumers. In this review, animal trials and intervention studies are discussed, ascertaining the extent of functional meat products' properties (e.g., neutralizing reactive oxygen species formation and increasing the antioxidant response). The effects of functional meat products in the frame of diet-gene interactions are analyzed to 1) discover target subjects that would benefit from their consumption, and 2) understand the molecular mechanisms that ensure precision in the prevention and treatment of diseases, where high oxidative stress takes place. Long-term intervention-controlled studies, testing different types and amounts of functional meat, are also necessary to ascertain their positive impact on degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Macho-González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Bastida
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar González
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José González-Muñoz
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Toxicology Teaching Unit, Pharmacy School, Alcala University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Muniz
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Mary AEP, Artavia Mora JI, Ronda Borzone PA, Richards SE, Kies AK. Vitamin E and beta-carotene status of dairy cows: a survey of plasma levels and supplementation practices. Animal 2021; 15:100303. [PMID: 34252721 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Culling rate in dairy cattle has increased considerably, thereby reducing cowś longevity and raising sustainability concerns worldwide. In the last decades, feeding systems have changed towards larger inclusion of preserved forages and reduced fresh herbage, which may limit vitamin E and beta-carotene dietary supply to dairy cows. Because of higher oxidative stress, engendered by greater milk production of modern genetics, the requirement for these nutrients is increased. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the current status of vitamin E and beta-carotene of commercial dairy cows. Blood vitamin E and beta-carotene concentrations were measured in 2 467 dairy cows from 127 farms in Belgium, Germany, Iberia and The Netherlands, that were visited once. Five cows were randomly selected per lactation stage per farm: Dry (between 30 and 1 day(s) before calving), Very-early (from calving until 15 days in milk (DIM)), Early (between 16 and 119 DIM), and Mid-late (from 120 DIM onwards). In addition, a survey was conducted to retrieve data on vitamin E and beta-carotene supplementation and feeding practices. Vitamin E and beta-carotene blood concentrations dropped considerably around calving. Among all surveyed cows, more than 75 and 44% were deficient in vitamin E and beta-carotene (i.e., blood concentration below 3.0 and 3.5 mg/l, respectively). Of the Very-early group, more than 97 and 78% of the cows were deficient in vitamin E and beta-carotene, respectively, with respective blood concentrations of 1.15 and 2.71 mg/l, which was significantly lower than the other lactation stages. Vitamin E and beta-carotene blood concentrations, as well as their supplementation levels, significantly varied among countries. Vitamin E and beta-carotene blood concentrations were positively related to the total estimated daily intakes of vitamin E and beta-carotene. Therefore, blood concentrations of vitamin E and beta-carotene depend on their respective level of intake, which is generally below recommendations and varies greatly between countries. Supplementation could contribute to provide cows with adequate amounts of vitamin E and beta-carotene all along the lactation, to ensure their lifetime performance and improve their fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E P Mary
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health Department, Applied R&D and Technical Support EMEA, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - J I Artavia Mora
- Wageningen University and Research, Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - P A Ronda Borzone
- Wageningen University and Research, Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S E Richards
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health Department, Applied R&D and Technical Support EMEA, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - A K Kies
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health Department, Applied R&D and Technical Support EMEA, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; Wageningen University and Research, Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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7
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Otomaru K, Ogawa R, Oishi S, Iwamoto Y, Ishikawa S, Nagai K. Effect of Beta-Carotene Supplementation on the Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Population in Japanese Black Calves. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:381-385. [PMID: 32863313 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of beta-carotene supplementation to Japanese Black calves on the peripheral blood leukocyte population. Twenty-two Japanese Black calves were alternately assigned to two groups. Eleven calves received 20 mg/d of beta-carotene orally from 2 to 8 wk of age (BC group), and the other 11 calves did not receive (control group). The serum beta-carotene concentration in the BC group at 4, 8 and 12 wk of age were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). The numbers of CD4+ cells in the BC group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 4 wk of age (p<0.05). These results confirmed that beta-carotene supplementation to Japanese Black calves affected the peripheral blood leukocyte population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University
| | - Shoko Oishi
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University
| | - Yuki Iwamoto
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University
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Enhancing the Nutritional Value of Red Meat through Genetic and Feeding Strategies. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040872. [PMID: 33923499 PMCID: PMC8073878 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of red meat contributes to the intake of many essential nutrients in the human diet including protein, essential fatty acids, and several vitamins and trace minerals, with high iron content, particularly in meats with high myoglobin content. Demand for red meat continues to increase worldwide, particularly in developing countries where food nutrient density is a concern. Dietary and genetic manipulation of livestock can influence the nutritional value of meat products, providing opportunities to enhance the nutritional value of meat. Studies have demonstrated that changes in livestock nutrition and breeding strategies can alter the nutritional value of red meat. Traditional breeding strategies, such as genetic selection, have influenced multiple carcass and meat quality attributes relevant to the nutritional value of meat including muscle and fat deposition. However, limited studies have combined both genetic and nutritional approaches. Future studies aiming to manipulate the composition of fresh meat should aim to balance potential impacts on product quality and consumer perception. Furthermore, the rapidly emerging fields of phenomics, nutrigenomics, and integrative approaches, such as livestock precision farming and systems biology, may help better understand the opportunities to improve the nutritional value of meat under both experimental and commercial conditions.
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Rufino-Moya PJ, Joy M, Lobón S, Bertolín JR, Blanco M. Carotenoids and Liposoluble Vitamins in the Plasma and Tissues of Light Lambs Given Different Maternal Feedings and Fattening Concentrates. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101813. [PMID: 33027984 PMCID: PMC7601028 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Meat of lambs that grazed with their dams during lactation on sainfoin had longer shelf-life than that of lambs whose dams grazed on alfalfa or received straw and concentrates (intensive). This effect could be partially ascribed to a different deposition of carotenoids and tocopherols in the muscle, that could be in turn affected by condensed tannins, secondary compounds of plants with antioxidant activity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate: (1) the effect of maternal feeding (sainfoin, alfalfa, intensive) on the presence of carotenoids and liposoluble vitamins in the plasma and tissues of light lambs after a finishing period on concentrates with or without quebracho (as source of condensed tannins); and (2) the authentication of the maternal feeding using the carotenoids and tocopherols in plasma and tissues. Grazing on alfalfa and sainfoin during suckling affected the concentrations in plasma at weaning, and some of the contents in the tissues even after the concentrate feeding period. Unexpectedly, the inclusion of quebracho in the concentrate decreased the α- and γ-tocopherol content in the lamb tissues. The use of carotenoids and tocopherols has to be combined with other analytes to authenticate the feeding system during the suckling period after a finishing period. Abstract The carotenoids and liposoluble vitamins in the plasma and tissues of the lambs under different maternal feedings and fattening concentrates was studied. During lactation, 21 lambs were housed with their dams, that received a total mixed ration (intensive); 21 ewe–lamb pairs grazed on alfalfa; and 21 pairs grazed on sainfoin. After weaning, half of the lambs in each maternal feeding group received a commercial concentrate (control) and the other half a concentrate with quebracho (Schinopsis balansae), as a source of condensed tannins, until they were slaughtered (23 kg). The analyte concentrations in the plasma of lambs at weaning reflected the content in the feedstuffs. Grazing during suckling more than doubled the contents of lutein in the liver and retinol in the tissues compared to the intensive feeding. The content of α-tocopherol in the tissues was greatest in sainfoin lambs, intermediate in alfalfa lambs, and lowest in the intensive lambs. The quebracho concentrate decreased α-tocopherol (by 41–81%) and γ-tocopherol (by 65–89%) contents in the lamb tissues. The use of the analytes in the plasma at weaning correctly classified 100% of the lambs into the maternal feeding (intensive vs. grazing (alfalfa + sainfoin)) but has to be improved in the carcass and tissues separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo José Rufino-Moya
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.J.R.-M.); (M.J.); (S.L.); (J.R.B.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Margalida Joy
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.J.R.-M.); (M.J.); (S.L.); (J.R.B.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sandra Lobón
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.J.R.-M.); (M.J.); (S.L.); (J.R.B.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Bertolín
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.J.R.-M.); (M.J.); (S.L.); (J.R.B.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mireia Blanco
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.J.R.-M.); (M.J.); (S.L.); (J.R.B.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976713194
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Wei C, Tan X, Liu G, Wan F, Zhao H, Zhang C, You W, Liu X, Zhang X, Jin Q. β-carotene as a dietary factor affecting expression of genes connected with carotenoid, vitamin A and lipid metabolism in the subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue of beef cattle. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/117866/2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Tsuruoka K, Kurahara T, Kanamaru H, Takahashi H, Gotoh T. Effect of feeding rice whole crop silage on growth rate, levels of vitamin A, β-carotene, vitamin E and IGF-1 in plasma and skeletal muscle protein degradation in Japanese black calves. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:728-736. [PMID: 31006927 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of rice whole crop silage (RWCS) on growth, plasma levels of vitamin A, β-carotene, vitamin E and IGF-1, and expression of genes involved in muscle protein degradation and synthesis in Japanese Black calves. Eleven calves were divided into RWCS (fed RWCS ad libitum and concentrate, n = 5) and control groups (fed hay ad libitum and concentrate, n = 6). Final body weight and dairy gain were significantly larger in the RWCS group compared with the control group. Plasma β-carotene and vitamin E concentrations were significantly higher in the RWCS group compared with control group. Although plasma vitamin E concentration in the RWCS group significantly increased from 4 to 9 months of age, it did not increase in the control group. At 6 months of age in the RWCS group, ubiquitin B (p < 0.05) and calpain 1 (p = 0.097) mRNA expression were lower than control group, but they were not different between groups at 9 months of age. These results indicate that RWCS increases plasma β-carotene level and promotes muscle growth because of a decrease in the rate of protein degradation, but the effect is lost with the increase in plasma vitamin E level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Tsuruoka
- Livestock Research Institute, Oita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Oita, Japan
| | - Takami Kurahara
- Livestock Research Institute, Oita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Oita, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Kanamaru
- Livestock Research Institute, Oita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Oita, Japan
| | | | - Takafumi Gotoh
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Kyushu University, Oita, Japan.,Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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12
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Effect of Beta-Carotene Supplementation on the Serum Oxidative Stress Biomarker and Antibody Titer against Live Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination in Japanese Black Calves. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5040102. [PMID: 30558176 PMCID: PMC6313869 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of vaccination and beta-carotene supplementation on blood oxidative stress and antibody response in calves. Thirty Japanese Black calves were randomly assigned to two groups. Fifteen calves received 20 mg of beta-carotene supplemented into their daily provided rations from 2 to 8 weeks of age (BC group), and the other 15 calves did not receive the daily beta-carotene supplement (control group). All calves received a commercially available modified live bovine respiratory syncytial (RS) virus vaccine at 4 and 8 weeks of age. Blood samples were taken at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age. At 4 weeks of age, the concentration of reactive oxygen metabolites within serum were significantly lower in the BC group than the concentrations measured in the control group. Also at 4 weeks of age, the concentration of biological antioxidant capacity within serum was significantly higher in the BC group than the concentrations measured in the control group. Both groups showed a gradual decrease of antibody titers to live bovine RS virus in the samples taken from 2 to 12 weeks of age. These results confirmed that beta-carotene supplementation decreased oxidative stress. However, beta-carotene supplementation did not affect the antibody response to live bovine RS virus vaccination, perhaps due to the presence of the maternal antibody.
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Addition of herbal extracts to the Holstein-Friesian bulls' diet changes the quality of beef. Meat Sci 2018; 145:163-170. [PMID: 29982069 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Twenty four Holstein-Friesian bulls were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: a control diet, diet O (supplemented with Optirum herbal extracts improving the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract of cattle), and diet OS (containing two herbal preparation: Optirum and Stresomix, used to reduce stress). The quality of longissimus lumborum (LL) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles were determined after 14 days of wet ageing. The diet influenced proximate composition, pH, water holding capacity, colour, shear force and some sensory quality attributes of beef, although the influence depended on the muscle type. The supplementation of the bulls' diet with two herbal preparations (OS diet) had a beneficial impact on technological properties and sensory tenderness of LL muscles. The herbal extracts O and OS had no negative effect on lipid oxidation or the sensory attributes of beef. Thus, it is recommended to use a combination of these two products in cattle feeding.
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Jin Q, Zhao HB, Liu XM, Wan FC, Liu YF, Cheng HJ, You W, Liu GF, Tan XW. Effect of β-carotene supplementation on the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and the deposition of back fat in beef cattle. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an15434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of β-carotene (βC) supplementation on lipid metabolism in the back fat of beef cattle, 120 continental crossbred (Simmental × local Luxi yellow cattle) steers were selected randomly from feedlots and allotted to four groups. Each steer was supplemented with 0, 600, 1200, or 1800 mg/day of βC for 90 days, and then received no βC for 60 days (depletion period). The βC levels significantly increased in steers supplemented with βC (P < 0.01), and then decreased to the control level by Day 150. Back fat thickness decreased slightly with increasing βC supplementation, and significantly differed among groups after supplementation ceased (P < 0.01 on Day 120, P < 0.05 on Day 150). Significant regression relationships between βC supplement level and both βC content in back fat tissue on Day 90 and back fat thickness on Days 90, 120, and 150 were established (P < 0.01). No significant differences in the dry matter intake or average daily gain were detected, but higher net meat percentages were observed in the 1200 and 1800 mg/day βC-supplemented groups compared with the control (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of two fat synthesis-related genes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase, were downregulated during the supplementation period, but upregulated during the next 60 days when the steers received no βC supplementation. In contrast, the expression of two fat hydrolysis-related genes, hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase, were upregulated during the supplementation period and downregulated in the subsequent 60 days. The results showed that βC supplementation suppresses back fat deposition in beef cattle by inhibiting fat synthesis and enhancing fat hydrolysis.
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