1
|
Molini U, Franzo G, Settypalli TBK, Hemberger MY, Khaiseb S, Cattoli G, Dundon WG, Lamien CE. Viral Co-Infections of Warthogs in Namibia with African Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Parvovirus 1. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131697. [PMID: 35804594 PMCID: PMC9265065 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Wild animals can transmit diseases to domestic animals. In Africa, warthogs are known to be carriers of pathogens that can infect pigs; consequently, it is important to identify these pathogens in order to protect pigs from infection. In this study, two important swine pathogens i.e., African swine fever virus (ASFV) and porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) were identified in warthogs in Namibia and characterized genetically. The results will be of interest to those working in swine disease management and control in Namibia. Abstract Understanding virus circulation in wild animals, particularly those that have contact with domestic animals, is crucial for disease management and control. In Africa, warthogs are known to be asymptomatic carriers of porcine pathogens; a recent study in Namibia has shown them to be positive for Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2). In this study, the same samples used for the PCV-2 investigation in Namibia were further screened for the presence of African swine fever virus (ASFV) and porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) by PCR. Of the 42 animals tested, 2 (4.8%) and 13 (31%) were positive for AFSV and PPV1, respectively. The two AFSV were also co-infected with PPV1. Combing the results of this study with the results of the previous PCV-2 investigation, four warthogs were shown to be co-infected with both PPV1 and PCV-2. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the AFSV belonged to genotype (Ib) but were from different serogroups. Unexpectedly, the ASFVs from the warthogs were genetically distinct to those observed in an outbreak in the same region of Namibia that occurred less than fifteen months prior to the sampling of the warthogs. In fact, a stronger genetic relationship was observed between the warthog viruses and historical Namibian and South African ASFVs identified in 1980, 2004 and 2008. For the PPV1s, the closest relative to the Namibian PPV1 were viruses identified in wild boar in Romania in 2011. This study confirms that warthogs are carriers of porcine pathogens and the data should encourage further studies on larger populations of wild and domestic swine to more fully understand the epidemiology and transmission of viral pathogens from these species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Molini
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Neudamm Campus, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 9000, Namibia; (U.M.); (M.Y.H.)
- Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), 24 Goethe Street, Private Bag 18137, Windhoek 9000, Namibia;
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Tirumala B. K. Settypalli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (T.B.K.S.); (G.C.); (C.E.L.)
| | - Maria Y. Hemberger
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Neudamm Campus, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 9000, Namibia; (U.M.); (M.Y.H.)
| | - Siegfried Khaiseb
- Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), 24 Goethe Street, Private Bag 18137, Windhoek 9000, Namibia;
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (T.B.K.S.); (G.C.); (C.E.L.)
| | - William G. Dundon
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (T.B.K.S.); (G.C.); (C.E.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Charles E. Lamien
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (T.B.K.S.); (G.C.); (C.E.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim DY, Han GT, Shin HS. Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by cellulosic aerogels during smoked pork sausage manufacture. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
3
|
Wang S, Guan R, Huang H, Yang K, Cai M, Chen D. Effects of Different Smoking Materials and Methods on the Quality of Chinese Traditional Bacon (Larou). J Food Prot 2021; 84:359-367. [PMID: 33038238 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Larou is a traditional smoked meat product in China. In this experiment, larou was processed with different smoking materials and methods to determine whether differences in processing methods would affect the quality of the larou and the concentrations of carcinogens. Pork bellies were marinated, dried, and divided into four groups and then directly smoked with four different smoking materials for 40 min. The smoking material for larou that was most effective was then used with an indirect smoking device with an nano-activated carbon fiber filter and evaluated as a single-factor variable. The surface area of the nano-activated carbon filter was 978.00 m2/g, and this filter effectively adsorbed the ash particles from the smoke. For the group smoked with pomelo skins (PS), the highest concentrations and number of phenols were 4.48% and 11, respectively, which increased the smoke flavor significantly. The moisture was 32.64%, and the Staphylococcus, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast and mold levels were 0.98, 1.10, and 0.59 log CFU/g, indicating inhibition of harmful bacteria and a beneficial microbial environment for larou fermentation. The benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) concentration in PS smoke determined with the indirect smoking device was 1.82 μg/kg, whereas that determined with the direct smoking device was 36.1 μg/kg, a significant difference (P < 0.01). These findings suggested that indirect smoking with PS could effectively maintain microbial quality and reduce the B[a]P[mc] concentrations in larou. This processing method can be used for the production of this meat product. HIGHLIGHTS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongfa Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2717-0996 [R.G.])
| | - Haizhi Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Application of Fat-Tailed Sheep Tail and Backfat to Develop Novel Warthog Cabanossi with Distinct Sensory Attributes. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121822. [PMID: 33302550 PMCID: PMC7763251 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the use of pork backfat (PF) and fat-tailed sheep tail and backfat (SF) on the physicochemical, fatty acids and sensory attributes of warthog cabanossi. There were no differences between weight loss during drying, moisture content, pH, water activity, salt content and lipid oxidation between the cabanossi types. However, protein and ash contents were higher in PF cabanossi whilst fat content was higher in SF cabanossi. The PF cabanossi had higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially n-6), lower monounsaturated fatty acids whilst the saturated fatty acid content was similar between the two cabanossi products. The n-3:n-6 ratio was more beneficial in the SF cabanossi. The descriptive sensory analysis showed two distinct products where PF cabanossi scored higher for most attributes. Although SF cabanossi scored less for these attributes, this cabanossi had unique and acceptable sensory attributes. This study concluded that fat-tailed sheep tail and backfat could be used to produce a unique cabanossi product of acceptable quality.
Collapse
|
5
|
Iko Afé O, Anihouvi D, Assogba M, Anihouvi E, Kpoclou Y, Douny C, Mahillon J, Anihouvi V, Scippo ML, Hounhouigan D. Consumption and nutritional quality of grilled pork purchased from open road-side restaurants of Benin. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Hoffman LC, Rudman M, Leslie AJ. Profile of Back Bacon Produced From the Common Warthog. Foods 2020; 9:E641. [PMID: 32429300 PMCID: PMC7278873 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) has historically been hunted and consumed by rural communities throughout its distribution range in Africa. This study aims to develop a processed product from warthog meat in the form of back bacon (Longissimus thoracis et lumborum) as a healthy alternative meat product and to determine its chemical and sensory characteristics derived from adult and juvenile boars and sows. The highest scored attributes included typical bacon and smoky aroma and flavor, and salty flavor, as well as tenderness and juiciness. Neither sex nor age influenced the bacon's chemical composition; the bacon was high in protein (~29%) and low in total fat (<2%). Palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), linoleic (C18:2ω6), oleic (C18:1ω9c), and arachidonic (C20:4ω6) were the dominant fatty acids. There was an interaction between sex and age for the PUFA:SFA ratio (p = 0.01). The differences between sex and age class are considered negligible regarding the overall profile and healthiness of the bacon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louwrens C. Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty AgriSciences, Mike de Vries Building, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Monlee Rudman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty AgriSciences, Mike de Vries Building, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty AgriSciences, JS Marais Building, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
| | - Alison J. Leslie
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty AgriSciences, JS Marais Building, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Development of semi dry sausages (cabanossi) with warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) meat: physicochemical and sensory attributes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
8
|
Pan T, Wang Z, Chen BH, Hui T, Zhang D. Frying oils with lower levels of saturated fatty acids induce less heterocyclic amine formation in meat floss (boiled, shredded and fried pork). Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Pan
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Product Processing Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Food Science and Technology No. 1 Nong‐Da South Road Hai‐Dian District Beijing 100193 China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Product Processing Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Food Science and Technology No. 1 Nong‐Da South Road Hai‐Dian District Beijing 100193 China
| | - Bing Huei Chen
- Department of Food Science Fu Jen Catholic University 242 New Taipei City Taiwan China
| | - Teng Hui
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Product Processing Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Food Science and Technology No. 1 Nong‐Da South Road Hai‐Dian District Beijing 100193 China
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Product Processing Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Food Science and Technology No. 1 Nong‐Da South Road Hai‐Dian District Beijing 100193 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hoffman LC, Schoon K, Rudman M, Brand TS, Dalle Zotte A, Cullere M. Profile of cabanossi made with exotic meats and olive oil. Meat Sci 2019; 147:20-27. [PMID: 30179719 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of olive oil inclusion on the chemical and sensory characteristics in cabanossi made with ostrich and warthog meat was investigated. Ostrich meat from soybean oilcake (SBOC) and cottonseed oilcake dietary inclusion levels (CSOC), and olive oil were included at three levels (0%, 1% and 2%) resulting in six treatments. The fat content in the cabanossi increased with increasing levels of oil inclusion but were all <10%, which allows it to be classified as a low fat meat product. Total monounsaturated fatty acids in the cabanossi increased whilst total saturated fatty acids and total polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased as olive oil increased. The SBOC cabanossi had a lower fat and higher crude protein content. The inclusion of olive oil at 2% resulted in a cabanossi with increased tenderness, juiciness and cured red meat colour, all factors that appeal to the consumer, while the overall flavour descriptors were not adversely affected by the inclusion of olive oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
| | - K Schoon
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - M Rudman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - T S Brand
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Elsenburg Institute for Animal Production, Western Cape, Department of Agriculture, Private Bag XI, Elsenburg 7606, South Africa
| | - A Dalle Zotte
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - M Cullere
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bhuyan D, Das A, Laskar SK, Bora DP, Tamuli S, Hazarika M. Effect of different smoking methods on the quality of pork sausages. Vet World 2018; 11:1712-1719. [PMID: 30774263 PMCID: PMC6362332 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1712-1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional, physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory attributes of pork sausages treated with conventional smoking (CS) and liquid smoke (LS). Materials and Methods: Pork sausages were prepared by employing CS (T1) and by addition of LS at 3% (T2A), 5% (T2B), and 7% (T2C) while smoking was not done in control (C) sausages. The ready-to-eat pork sausages were evaluated in terms of proximate composition, emulsion stability (ES), cooking loss (CL), pH, water activity (aw), texture profile analysis (TPA), and shear force on the day of preparation and the shelf life of the sausages was evaluated on the basis of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value, organoleptic qualities, total viable plate count, total psychrophilic count, and yeast and mold counts at 5-day interval up to 15 days under refrigerated storage (6±1°C). Results: The mean percentage moisture and percentage ether extract contents of the conventionally smoked sausages (T1) exhibited significant difference (p≤0.01) with the rest of the formulations. However, in terms of mean percentage crude protein and percentage total solids, no significant difference (p≥0.05) was recorded between the treatment groups. The mean ES (ml of oil/100 g emulsion) of the different sausage emulsions ranged from 1.88 to 3.20, while the mean aw values among the sausage formulations were found to be non-significant. In terms of mean percentage, CL and pH values, significantly lowest (p≤0.01) values were recorded by the T1 sausages. The mean TBARS values recorded at different periods of time in respect of all the treatment groups ranged from 0.10 to 0.33 mg malanoldehyde [MDA]/kg of sausages which are well within the permissible limit. The highest shear force values (KgF) were recorded by the sausages of T1 formulation (p≤0.01), while TPA of the sausages did not record any significant difference (p≥0.05) among the treatments. Organoleptic studies revealed acceptability of the sausages up to 10 days of refrigerated storage irrespective of treatments employed; however, the sausages of T1 formulation scored significantly (p≤0.01) higher panel ratings. Microbiologically, sausages with different formulations were found to be within the acceptable limit up to the 15th day of refrigerated storage. Conclusion: The study revealed that traditional hot smoking has slightly higher edges over the LS-treated sausages in terms of lipid oxidation, microbiological safety, and sensory panel ratings. However, if not superior, the same was found to be well within the acceptable limit in case of LS-treated sausages proving the potentiality of the use of LS as a suitable replacement for the traditional hazardous hot smoking process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debajit Bhuyan
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati - 781 022, Assam, India
| | - Ankur Das
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati - 781 022, Assam, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Laskar
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati - 781 022, Assam, India
| | - Durlav Prasad Bora
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati - 781 022, Assam, India
| | - Shantanu Tamuli
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati - 781 022, Assam, India
| | - Mineswar Hazarika
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati - 781 022, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marescotti ME, Caputo V, Demartini E, Gaviglio A. Discovering market segments for hunted wild game meat. Meat Sci 2018; 149:163-176. [PMID: 30557774 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a notable increase in the popularity of hunted wild game meat (HWGM) among consumers. This has led to a growing number of emerging markets for HWGM in many developed countries, including Europe. However, expansion of these markets is often hampered by the lack of a professional supply chain. The profitability of a supply chain would depend on consumer willingness to purchase HWGM products. This paper aims to (1) segment consumers based on their general attitudes towards HWGM, their perceptions of its safety, animal welfare, orientation concerning wildlife-related values, hunting activities, objective knowledge and socio-demographic factors and (2) assess whether these general attitudes affect consumer intentions to purchase HWGM products. To achieve our objective, a random sample of Italian consumers was recruited. Three different consumer segments were identified: pro-animal consumers, disoriented consumers, and hunted wild game meat eaters. Our findings highlighted an important lack of knowledge among consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Marescotti
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Vincenzina Caputo
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, USA.
| | - Eugenio Demartini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Anna Gaviglio
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Consumers' perceptions, attitudes and perceived quality of game meat in ten European countries. Meat Sci 2018; 142:5-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
13
|
Hou C, Wang Z, Wu L, Chai J, Song X, Wang W, Zhang D. Effects of breeds on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in smoked lamb. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Hou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Liguo Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Jiali Chai
- Institute of Food Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xuan Song
- Institute of Food Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100193 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Swanepoel M, Leslie AJ, Rijst MVD, Hoffman LC. Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) Meat. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3957/056.046.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|