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Hoffman LC, Schoon K, Rudman M, Brand TS, Dalle Zotte A, Cullere M. Profile of cabanossi made with exotic meats and olive oil. Meat Sci 2019; 147:20-27. [PMID: 30179719 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of olive oil inclusion on the chemical and sensory characteristics in cabanossi made with ostrich and warthog meat was investigated. Ostrich meat from soybean oilcake (SBOC) and cottonseed oilcake dietary inclusion levels (CSOC), and olive oil were included at three levels (0%, 1% and 2%) resulting in six treatments. The fat content in the cabanossi increased with increasing levels of oil inclusion but were all <10%, which allows it to be classified as a low fat meat product. Total monounsaturated fatty acids in the cabanossi increased whilst total saturated fatty acids and total polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased as olive oil increased. The SBOC cabanossi had a lower fat and higher crude protein content. The inclusion of olive oil at 2% resulted in a cabanossi with increased tenderness, juiciness and cured red meat colour, all factors that appeal to the consumer, while the overall flavour descriptors were not adversely affected by the inclusion of olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
| | - K Schoon
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - M Rudman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - T S Brand
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Elsenburg Institute for Animal Production, Western Cape, Department of Agriculture, Private Bag XI, Elsenburg 7606, South Africa
| | - A Dalle Zotte
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - M Cullere
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
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Costello BT, Voskoboinik A, Qadri AM, La Gerche AM, Hare J, Rudman M, Thompson M, Kistler P, Taylor AJ. P875Atrial stasis measured by cardiac magnetic resonance 4D flow particle tracing is present during sinus rhythm in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and is associated with higher stroke risk. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B T Costello
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Voskoboinik
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A M Qadri
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A M La Gerche
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Hare
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Rudman
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - P Kistler
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A J Taylor
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Costello B, Voskoboinik A, Qadri M, Hare J, La Gerche A, Thompson M, Rudman M, Kistler P, Taylor A. Atrial Stasis Measured by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance 4D Flow Particle Tracing is Present During Sinus Rhythm in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation, and is Associated with Higher Cardio-Embolic Risk. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Costello B, Qadri M, Price B, Rudman M, Thompson M, Hurley J, La Gerche A, Hare J, Taylor A. The Ventricular Residence Time Distribution Derived from 4D Flow Particle tracing–A Novel Marker of Myocardial Dysfunction. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Smith LD, Rudman M, Lester DR, Metcalfe G. Bifurcations and degenerate periodic points in a three dimensional chaotic fluid flow. Chaos 2016; 26:053106. [PMID: 27249946 DOI: 10.1063/1.4950763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the periodic points of a conservative periodic dynamical system uncovers the basic kinematic structure of the transport dynamics and identifies regions of local stability or chaos. While elliptic and hyperbolic points typically govern such behaviour in 3D systems, degenerate (parabolic) points also play an important role. These points represent a bifurcation in local stability and Lagrangian topology. In this study, we consider the ramifications of the two types of degenerate periodic points that occur in a model 3D fluid flow. (1) Period-tripling bifurcations occur when the local rotation angle associated with elliptic points is reversed, creating a reversal in the orientation of associated Lagrangian structures. Even though a single unstable point is created, the bifurcation in local stability has a large influence on local transport and the global arrangement of manifolds as the unstable degenerate point has three stable and three unstable directions, similar to hyperbolic points, and occurs at the intersection of three hyperbolic periodic lines. The presence of period-tripling bifurcation points indicates regions of both chaos and confinement, with the extent of each depending on the nature of the associated manifold intersections. (2) The second type of bifurcation occurs when periodic lines become tangent to local or global invariant surfaces. This bifurcation creates both saddle-centre bifurcations which can create both chaotic and stable regions, and period-doubling bifurcations which are a common route to chaos in 2D systems. We provide conditions for the occurrence of these tangent bifurcations in 3D conservative systems, as well as constraints on the possible types of tangent bifurcation that can occur based on topological considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Smith
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - M Rudman
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - D R Lester
- School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - G Metcalfe
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Highett, Victoria 3190, Australia
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Abstract
Mixing of materials is fundamental to many natural phenomena and engineering applications. The presence of discontinuous deformations-such as shear banding or wall slip-creates new mechanisms for mixing and transport beyond those predicted by classical dynamical systems theory. Here, we show how a novel mixing mechanism combining stretching with cutting and shuffling yields exponential mixing rates, quantified by a positive Lyapunov exponent, an impossibility for systems with cutting and shuffling alone or bounded systems with stretching alone, and demonstrate it in a fluid flow. While dynamical systems theory provides a framework for understanding mixing in smoothly deforming media, a theory of discontinuous mixing is yet to be fully developed. New methods are needed to systematize, explain, and extrapolate measurements on systems with discontinuous deformations. Here, we investigate "webs" of Lagrangian discontinuities and show that they provide a template for the overall transport dynamics. Considering slip deformations as the asymptotic limit of increasingly localised smooth shear, we also demonstrate exactly how some of the new structures introduced by discontinuous deformations are analogous to structures in smoothly deforming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Smith
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - M Rudman
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - D R Lester
- School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - G Metcalfe
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Highett, Victoria 3190, Australia
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Guang R, Rudman M, Chryss A, Slatter P, Bhattacharya S. A DNS Investigation of the Effect of Yield Stress for Turbulent Non-Newtonian Suspension Flow in Open Channels. Particulate Science and Technology 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2010.523777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lester DR, Rudman M, Metcalfe G, Trefry MG, Ord A, Hobbs B. Scalar dispersion in a periodically reoriented potential flow: acceleration via Lagrangian chaos. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 81:046319. [PMID: 20481839 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.046319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Although potential flows are irrotational, Lagrangian chaos can occur when these are unsteady, with rapid global mixing observed upon flow parameter optimization. What is unknown is whether Lagrangian chaos in potential flows results in accelerated scalar dispersion, to what magnitude, how robustly, and via what mechanisms. We consider scalar dispersion in a model unsteady potential flow, the Lagrangian topology of which is well understood. The asymptotic scalar dispersion rate q and corresponding scalar distribution (strange eigenmode) are calculated over the flow parameter space Q for Peclét numbers Pe=10{1}-10{4}. The richness of solutions over Q increases with Pe, with pattern mode locking, symmetry breaking transitions to chaos and fractally distributed maxima observed. Such behavior suggests detailed global resolution of Q is necessary for robust optimization, however localization of local optima to bifurcations between periodic and subharmonic eigenmodes suggests novel efficient means of optimization. Acceleration rates of 150 fold at Pe=10{4} are observed; significantly greater than corresponding values for chaotic Stokes flows, suggesting significant scope for dispersion acceleration in potential flows in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Lester
- CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, Locked Bag 33, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia.
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Lester DR, Metcalfe G, Trefry MG, Ord A, Hobbs B, Rudman M. Lagrangian topology of a periodically reoriented potential flow: symmetry, optimization, and mixing. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2009; 80:036208. [PMID: 19905201 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.80.036208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Scalar transport in closed potential flows is investigated for the specific case of a periodically reoriented dipole flow. Despite the irrotational nature of the flow, the periodic reorientations effectively create heteroclinic and/or homoclinic points arising from the joining of stable and unstable manifolds. For scalar advection, Lagrangian chaos can be achieved with breakdown of the regular Hamiltonian structure, which is governed by symmetry conditions imposed by the dipole flow. Instability envelopes associated with period-doubling bifurcations of fixed points govern which regions of the flow control parameter space admit global chaos. These regions are further refined via calculation of Lyapunov exponents. These results suggest significant scalar transport enhancement is possible within potential flows, given appropriate programming of stirring protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Lester
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, PO Box 56, Highett, Victoria 3190, Australia.
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Harvie D, Davidson M, Cooper-White J, Rudman M. A parametric study of droplet deformation through a microfluidic contraction: Low viscosity Newtonian droplets. Chem Eng Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Metcalfe G, Rudman M, Brydon A, Graham LJW, Hamilton R. Composing chaos: An experimental and numerical study of an open duct mixing flow. AIChE J 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.10640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Liffman K, Lawrence-Brown MM, Semmens JB, Bui A, Rudman M, Hartley DE. Analytical modeling and numerical simulation of forces in an endoluminal graft. J Endovasc Ther 2001; 8:358-71. [PMID: 11552728 DOI: 10.1177/152660280100800405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To utilize mathematical analysis and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the forces acting within the pressurized aorta and upon a stent-graft and how these forces may affect the ongoing performance of the stent-graft. METHODS Analytical force balance analysis and CFD simulations using the Fluent code were used to mimic blood flow through a bifurcated stent-graft in a person at rest. Steady-state blood flow was assumed in which the inlet pressure approximated the mean blood pressure (100 mm Hg) and the blood flow velocity was an approximation of the peak systolic flow rate (0.6 m/s). Two sizes of endoluminal grafts were analyzed: the larger graft had an inlet diameter of 3 cm and outlet diameters of 1 cm; the smaller graft diameters measured 2.4 cm proximally and 1.2 cm distally. The endografts were studied in 2 configurations: with the limbs straight and with one bent. RESULTS For the larger graft model, the normal peak blood flow induced a downward force of 7 to 9 N on the bifurcated grafts. Bending one of the limbs of the graft produced a sideways force of 1.3 N. For the smaller endograft, the downward force was in the range of 3.1 to 5.1 N and the sideways force on a curved limb was approximately 1.5 N. The magnitude of the forces given by the analytical formulae and the CFD results agreed to within 2 significant figures. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the downward force on a bifurcated stent-graft, which may exceed the force required to dislodge it when relying on radial attachment alone, is determined mostly by the proximal graft diameter. Curvature of the graft limbs creates an additional sideways force that works to displace the distal limbs of the graft from the iliac arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Liffman
- Thermal and Fluids Engineering, CSIRO/BCE, Highett, Victoria, Australia
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Rudman M. Learn to share care. Nurs Times 1996; 92:42. [PMID: 8945333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Knobel B, Rudman M, Smetana S. [Acute renal failure as a complication of cholera]. Harefuah 1995; 129:552-5, 615. [PMID: 8682355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a 72-year-old man who had episodes of severe, acute renal failure during severe attacks of diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae. Patterns of acute tubular necrosis and tubulointerstitial nephritis developed following hypotension and decrease in renal blood flow, causing secondary renal ischemia. There was severe dehydration with profound hypovolemia and infection. The clinical picture included fever, weakness, arthralgia, pedal edema, mild bilateral pleural effusions, anemia, leukocytosis, azotemia with a maximum of 330 mg/dl of urea, creatine to a maximum of 9.8 mg/dl, hypoproteinemia, severe metabolic acidosis, marked increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK), microscopic hematuria, sterile leukocyturia, normoglycemic glucosuria and phosphaturia with diminished tubular reabsorption of phosphorus. A short oliguric phase was followed by a polyuric phase lasting about 10 days, and glomerular and tubular function became normal after about 3 weeks. Treatment was by intensive infusions of fluids, electrolytes, sodium bicarbonate, salt-free albumin and antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this renal complication of cholera has not yet been described in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Knobel
- Dept. of Medicine B and Institute of Nephrology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon
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