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Stefanello FS, Fruet APB, Trombetta F, da Fonseca PAF, Dos Santos da Silva M, Stefanello S, Nörnberg JL. Stability of vacuum-packed meat from finishing steers fed different inclusion levels of brewer's spent grain. Meat Sci 2018; 147:155-161. [PMID: 30253261 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) as a partial substitute for corn silage (CS) was evaluated in finishing feedlot steers on the lipid, protein, color, and microbiological stability of vacuum-packed meat for 75 days under refrigerated storage. Twenty steers were distributed in four treatments in a completely randomized design with five replicates each: 50% concentrate + 50% CS; + 35% CS + 15% BSG; + 25% CS + 25% BSG; and 15% CS + 35% BSG for 90 days. After the animals were slaughtered and the carcasses cooled, the Longissimus thoracis muscle was collected for analyzes. The lipid and protein oxidation, color parameters and microbiological stability of the beef although not affected by the diets (P > .05) oscillated throughout the storage time (P < .05). BSG can be included in the finishing diets of beef cattle by up to 35% (dry basis) and as a forage source without adverse effects on beef shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Santi Stefanello
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, (CCR), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Prédio 42, Sala 3211, Av. Roraima, no 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Burin Fruet
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, (CCR), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Prédio 42, Sala 3211, Av. Roraima, no 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielle Trombetta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, (CCR), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Prédio 42, Sala 3211, Av. Roraima, no 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Alves Franco da Fonseca
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, (CCR), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Prédio 42, Sala 3211, Av. Roraima, no 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Dos Santos da Silva
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, (CCR), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Prédio 42, Sala 3211, Av. Roraima, no 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Stefanello
- University Veterinary Hospital, CCR, UFSM, Prédio 97, Sala 126, Av. Roraima, no 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - José Laerte Nörnberg
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, (CCR), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Prédio 42, Sala 3211, Av. Roraima, no 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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4
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Gesteira SM, Oliveira RL, Silva TM, Ribeiro RDX, Ribeiro CVDM, Pereira ES, Lanna DPD, Pinto LFB, Rocha TC, Vieira JF, Bezerra LR. Physicochemical Quality, Fatty Acid Composition, and Sensory Analysis of Nellore Steers Meat Fed with Inclusion of Condensed Tannin in the Diet. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1366-1372. [PMID: 29660800 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to test the effect of dietary tannin on the fatty acid profile and sensory attributes of meat from Nellore steers. Thirty-two Nellore bull male were distributed in a completely randomized design and fed diets with condensed tannin extract as follows: 0, 10, 30, and 50 g/kg total DM basis. The physicochemical composition of the meat, lipid oxidation, fatty acid profile, flavor, tenderness, and overall acceptance were evaluated. There was a linear decrease (P ≤ 0.05) on lipid content, tenderness, cooking weight loss, myristic, palmitic, and oleic acids in meat as tannin increased in the diets. The total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, the atherogenicity index decreased. However, a linear increase (P ≤ 0.05) was observed for linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosapentaenoic acids. The physicochemical characteristic of the meat, such as moisture, ash, and protein contents, water retention capacity, final pH, Warner-Bratzler shear force, collagen, and color indexes (lightness, redness, yellowness, and chrome) did not change with dietary tannin. Also, CLA, n-6:n-3 ratio, Δ9 -desaturase, and elongase activity were not different among diets. In conclusion, condensed tannin linearly increases unsaturated fatty acids and decreases the atherogenicity index of meat; thus, it can be recommended at the highest level (50 g/kg DM) in the diet of Nellore steers. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Agriculture byproducts plays an important part in the diet of ruminant animals and consequently on food chain and has implications for the composition and quality of the livestock products (milk, meat, and eggs) that people consume. Feeding tannin to steers increases the amount of unsaturated fatty acids and meat tenderness, with a concomitant reduction on saturated fatty acids and the atherogenicity index in meat. Thus, we recommend adding tannin to steer diets to reduce the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in red meat for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M Gesteira
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170110, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo L Oliveira
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170110, Brazil
| | - Thadeu M Silva
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170110, Brazil
| | - Rebeca D X Ribeiro
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170110, Brazil
| | - Cláudio V D M Ribeiro
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170110, Brazil
| | - Elzania S Pereira
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. Ceará, Av. da Universidade, 2853, Benfica, Fortaleza, Ceará 60455760, Brazil
| | - Dante P D Lanna
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Growth, Univ. of São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Av. Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418900, Brazil
| | - Luis F B Pinto
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170110, Brazil
| | - Tiago C Rocha
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170110, Brazil
| | - Jusaline F Vieira
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170110, Brazil
| | - Leilson R Bezerra
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Piaui, Rodovia Bom Jesus-Viana, km 135, Bom Jesus, Piaui 64900000, Brazil
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Correia BR, de Carvalho GGP, Oliveira RL, Pires AJV, Ribeiro OL, Silva RR, Leão AG, Oliveira PA. Intake, digestibility, performance, and nitrogen metabolism of feedlot-finished young bulls () fed diets containing peanut cake. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:4720-4727. [PMID: 27898972 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This aim of this study was to evaluate the use of peanut cake as a dietary substitute for soybean meal and to determine the effects on intake, apparent digestibility, performance, and N metabolism in feedlot-finished young bulls. Thirty-two young Nellore bulls with an average initial BW of 390 ± 43.5 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design and individually housed in stalls. The young bulls were fed Tifton 85 hay and 4 concentrate mixes containing 0, 33, 66, or 100% peanut cake replacing soybean meal. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, containing 150 g/kg CP, and isocaloric (65% TDN), to have a 40:60 forage:concentrate ratio, and were provided as a total mixed ration. The experiment lasted 90 d and data were collected every 28 d. Blood and urine samples were taken during the last 6 d. Intakes of DM ( = 0.005), OM ( = 0.006), CP ( = 0.002), NDF ( = 0.022), nonfiber carbohydrates ( = 0.002), and TDN ( = 0.018) linearly decreased as the dietary inclusion of peanut cake in the diet was increased. Conversely, intake and ether extract digestibility linearly increased ( < 0.035). The average daily weight gain decreased ( = 0.015) as the peanut cake levels were increased. Plasma urea N decreased (linearly; = 0.005). Peanut cake may not be used to replace soybean meal in the diet of young feedlot-finished Nellore bulls.
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