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Bojarczuk A, Egorova ES, Dzitkowska-Zabielska M, Ahmetov II. Genetics of Exercise and Diet-Induced Fat Loss Efficiency: A Systematic Review. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:236-257. [PMID: 38455434 PMCID: PMC10915602 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise and dieting are well-known and effective methods for fat loss and improving cardiovascular health. However, different individuals often react differently to the same exercise regimen or dietary plan. While specific individuals may undergo substantial fat loss, others may observe only limited effects. A wide range of inter-individual variability in weight gain and changes in body composition induced by physical exercises and diets led to an investigation into the genetic factors that may contribute to the individual variations in such responses. This systematic review aimed at identifying the genetic markers associated with fat loss resulting from diet or exercise. A search of the current literature was performed using the PubMed database. Forty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria when assessing genetic markers associated with weight loss efficiency in response to different types of exercises and diets. Overall, we identified 30 genetic markers of fat-loss efficiency in response to different kinds of diets and 24 in response to exercise. Most studies (n = 46) used the candidate gene approach. We should aspire to the customized selection of exercise and dietary plans for each individual to prevent and treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bojarczuk
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Emiliya S Egorova
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
- Sports Genetics Laboratory, St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Center for Phygital Education and Innovative Sports Technologies, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Ramos-Lopez O. Genotype-based precision nutrition strategies for the prediction and clinical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:142-153. [PMID: 38464367 PMCID: PMC10921165 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i2.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders. T2DM physiopathology is influenced by complex interrelationships between genetic, metabolic and lifestyle factors (including diet), which differ between populations and geographic regions. In fact, excessive consumptions of high fat/high sugar foods generally increase the risk of developing T2DM, whereas habitual intakes of plant-based healthy diets usually exert a protective effect. Moreover, genomic studies have allowed the characterization of sequence DNA variants across the human genome, some of which may affect gene expression and protein functions relevant for glucose homeostasis. This comprehensive literature review covers the impact of gene-diet interactions on T2DM susceptibility and disease progression, some of which have demonstrated a value as biomarkers of personal responses to certain nutritional interventions. Also, novel genotype-based dietary strategies have been developed for improving T2DM control in comparison to general lifestyle recommendations. Furthermore, progresses in other omics areas (epigenomics, metagenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) are improving current understanding of genetic insights in T2DM clinical outcomes. Although more investigation is still needed, the analysis of the genetic make-up may help to decipher new paradigms in the pathophysiology of T2DM as well as offer further opportunities to personalize the screening, prevention, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of T2DM through precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Baja California, Mexico
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Pérez-Beltrán YE, González-Becerra K, Rivera-Iñiguez I, Martínez-López E, Ramos-Lopez O, Alcaraz-Mejía M, Rodríguez-Echevarría R, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG, Mendivil EJ. A Nutrigenetic Strategy for Reducing Blood Lipids and Low-Grade Inflammation in Adults with Obesity and Overweight. Nutrients 2023; 15:4324. [PMID: 37892400 PMCID: PMC10609523 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of obesity and dyslipidemia involves genetic factors, such as polymorphisms related to lipid metabolism alterations predisposing their development. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a nutrigenetic intervention on the blood lipid levels, body composition, and inflammation markers of adults with obesity and overweight. Eleven genetic variants associated with dyslipidemias in Mexicans were selected, and specific nutrigenetic recommendations for these polymorphisms were found. One hundred and one adults were recruited and assigned to follow either a standard or nutrigenetic diet for eight weeks. Anthropometric, biochemical, body composition, and inflammation markers were evaluated through standardized methods. Weighted genetic risk scores (wGRSs) were computed using the study polymorphisms. After intervention, both diets significantly decreased the anthropometric parameters and body composition (p < 0.05). Only the nutrigenetic diet group showed significant reductions in VLDL-c (p = 0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.002), TG:HDL (p = 0.002), IL-6 (p = 0.002), and TNF-α (p = 0.04). wGRSs had a high impact on the ΔTGs and ΔVLDL-c of both groups (standard diet: ΔTGs: Adj R2 = 0.69, p = 0.03; ΔVLDL-c: Adj R2 = 0.71, p = 0.02; nutrigenetic diet: ΔTGs: Adj R2 = 0.49, p = 0.03 and ΔVLDL-c: R2 = 0.29, p = 0.04). This nutrigenetic intervention improved lipid abnormalities in patients with excessive body weight. Hence, nutrigenetic strategies could be coadjuvant tools and enhance the standard dietary treatment for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda E. Pérez-Beltrán
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Tepic 63175, Nayarit, Mexico;
| | - Karina González-Becerra
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán 47820, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Ingrid Rivera-Iñiguez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, UCSD Center for Healthy Eating and Activity Research (CHEAR), San Diego, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (E.M.-L.); (R.R.-E.)
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Baja California, Mexico;
| | - Mildreth Alcaraz-Mejía
- Departamento de Electrónica, Sistemas e Informática, ITESO, Unioversidad Jesuita de Guadalajara, Tlaquepaque 45604, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Echevarría
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (E.M.-L.); (R.R.-E.)
| | - Sonia G. Sáyago-Ayerdi
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Tepic 63175, Nayarit, Mexico;
| | - Edgar J. Mendivil
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de Mexico 01219, Mexico
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An Exploratory Critical Review on TNF-α as a Potential Inflammatory Biomarker Responsive to Dietary Intervention with Bioactive Foods and Derived Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162524. [PMID: 36010524 PMCID: PMC9407274 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review collects and critically examines data on the levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in lean, overweight and obese subjects, and the effects of intervention with different foods and food products containing bioactive constituents in overweight/obese individuals. We additionally explore the influence of different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on TNF-α levels and compare the response to food products with that to some anti-obesity drugs. Our aim was to provide an overview of the variability, consistency, and magnitude of the reported effects of dietary factors on TNF-α, and to envisage the reliability of measuring changes in the levels of this cytokine as a biomarker responsive to food intervention in association with the reduction in body weight. Regarding the circulating levels of TNF-α, we report: (i) a large intra-group variability, with most coefficients of variation (CV%) values being ≥30% and, in many cases, >100%; (ii) a large between-studies variability, with baseline TNF-α values ranging from <1.0 up to several hundred pg/mL; (iii) highly variable effects of the different dietary approaches with both statistically significant and not significant decreases or increases of the protein, and the absolute effect size varying from <0.1 pg/mL up to ≈50 pg/mL. Within this scenario of variability, it was not possible to discern clear differentiating limits in TNF-α between lean, overweight, and obese individuals or a distinct downregulatory effect on this cytokine by any of the different dietary approaches reviewed, i.e., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), Vitamin-D (VitD), mixed (micro)nutrients, (poly)phenols or other phytochemicals. Further, there was not a clear relationship between the TNF-α responses and body weight changes. We found similarities between dietary and pharmacological treatments in terms of variability and limited evidence of the TNF-α response. Different factors that contribute to this variability are discussed and some specific recommendations are proposed to reinforce the need to improve future studies looking at this cytokine as a potential biomarker of response to dietary approaches.
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Pérez-Beltrán YE, Rivera-Iñiguez I, Gonzalez-Becerra K, Pérez-Naitoh N, Tovar J, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG, Mendivil EJ. Personalized Dietary Recommendations Based on Lipid-Related Genetic Variants: A Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:830283. [PMID: 35387194 PMCID: PMC8979208 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.830283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and dyslipidemias are risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases, the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of these diseases involves environmental factors, such as nutrition, but other aspects like genetic polymorphisms confer susceptibility to developing obesity and dyslipidemias. In this sense, nutrigenetics is being used to study the influence of genetic variations on the circulating lipid responses promoted by certain nutrients or foods to provide specific dietary strategies considering the genetic factors in personalized nutrition interventions. Objective To identify throughout a systematic review the potential nutrigenetic recommendations that demonstrate a strong interaction between gene-diet and circulating lipid variations. Methods This systematic review used the PRISMA-Protocol for manuscript research and preparation using PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Human studies published in English from January 2010 to December 2020 were included. The main results were outcomes related to gene-diet interactions and plasmatic lipids variation. Results About 1,110 articles were identified, but only 38 were considered to fulfill the inclusion criteria established based on the reported data. The acquired information was organized based on gene-diet interaction with nutrients and components of the diet and dietary recommendation generated by each interaction: gene-diet interaction with dietary fats, carbohydrates or dietary fiber, gene-diet interaction with nutraceutical or dietary supplementation, and gene-diet interaction with proteins. Conclusion Findings included in this systematic review indicated that a certain percentage of dietary macronutrients, the consumption of specific amounts of polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fatty acids, as well as the ingestion of nutraceuticals or dietary supplements could be considered as potential strategies for the development of a wide range of nutrigenetic interventions since they have a direct impact on the blood levels of lipids. In this way, specific recommendations were identified as potential tools in developing precision diets and highlighted the importance of personalized nutrition. These recommendations may serve as a possible strategy to implement as dietary tools for the preventive treatment and control alterations in lipid metabolism. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021248816, identifier [CRD42021248816].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda E. Pérez-Beltrán
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic/Instituto Nacional de México, Tepic, Mexico
| | - Ingrid Rivera-Iñiguez
- Departamento de Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Karina Gonzalez-Becerra
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Naomi Pérez-Naitoh
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Ciencias de los Alimentos, Departamento de Psicología, Educación y Salud, ITESO, Universidad Jesuita de Guadalajara, Tlaquepaque, Mexico
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana (IBERO), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juscelino Tovar
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering, and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sonia G. Sáyago-Ayerdi
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic/Instituto Nacional de México, Tepic, Mexico
| | - Edgar J. Mendivil
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Ciencias de los Alimentos, Departamento de Psicología, Educación y Salud, ITESO, Universidad Jesuita de Guadalajara, Tlaquepaque, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Edgar J. Mendivil
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Gibney ER, Milenkovic D, Combet E, Ruskovska T, Greyling A, González-Sarrías A, de Roos B, Tomás-Barberán F, Morand C, Rodriguez-Mateos A. Factors influencing the cardiometabolic response to (poly)phenols and phytosterols: a review of the COST Action POSITIVe activities. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:37-47. [PMID: 31492975 PMCID: PMC6851211 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Evidence exists regarding the beneficial effects of diets rich in plant-based foods regarding the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. These plant-based foods are an exclusive and abundant source of a variety of biologically active phytochemicals, including polyphenols, carotenoids, glucosinolates and phytosterols, with known health-promoting effects through a wide range of biological activities, such as improvements in endothelial function, platelet function, blood pressure, blood lipid profile and insulin sensitivity. We know that an individual’s physical/genetic makeup may influence their response to a dietary intervention, and thereby may influence the benefit/risk associated with consumption of a particular dietary constituent. This inter-individual variation in responsiveness has also been described for dietary plant bioactives but has not been explored in depth. To address this issue, the European scientific experts involved in the COST Action POSITIVe systematically analyzed data from published studies to assess the inter-individual variation in selected clinical biomarkers associated with cardiometabolic risk, in response to the consumption of plant-based bioactives (poly)phenols and phytosterols. The present review summarizes the main findings resulting from the meta-analyses already completed. Results Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials conducted within POSITIVe suggest that age, sex, ethnicity, pathophysiological status and medication may be responsible for the heterogeneity in the biological responsiveness to (poly)phenol and phytosterol consumption and could lead to inconclusive results in some clinical trials aiming to demonstrate the health effects of specific dietary bioactive compounds. However, the contribution of these factors is not yet demonstrated consistently across all polyphenolic groups and cardiometabolic outcomes, partly due to the heterogeneity in trial designs, low granularity of data reporting, variety of food vectors and target populations, suggesting the need to implement more stringent reporting practices in the future studies. Studies investigating the effects of genetic background or gut microbiome on variability were limited and should be considered in future studies. Conclusion Understanding why some bioactive plant compounds work effectively in some individuals but not, or less, in others is crucial for a full consideration of these compounds in future strategies of personalized nutrition for a better prevention of cardiometabolic disease. However, there is also still a need for the development of a substantial evidence-base to develop health strategies, food products or lifestyle solutions that embrace this variability. A balanced diet, rich in plant-based foods is known for the prevention of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease risk. (Poly)phenols and phytosterols displayed a range of biological effects of relevance to contribute to the cardiometabolic health benefits of plant foods However, inter-individual variability in response to plant food bioactive consumption exists, and there is a need to understand the causes of this variation. Analysis of published RCTs examining impact of consumption of (poly)phenols and phytosterols on cardiometabolic risk factors demonstrated that a number of factors including age, sex, adiposity and health status could contribute to the effect demonstrated within these studies. Genome and microbiome studies will help identify what may be causing this variation. More studies, specifically designed to investigate individual variation are needed to fully understand the factors responsible for and the impact of this variation Once fully understood, such variation should be used in directing personalised nutrition advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emilie Combet
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University "Goce Delcev"-Stip, Štip, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Arno Greyling
- Unilever Research and Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Baujke de Roos
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Christine Morand
- INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Modulates Obesity and Interacts with Obesity-Related Genes. Lipids 2017; 52:803-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Polymorphisms of the TNF-α gene interact with plasma fatty acids on inflammatory biomarker profile: a population-based, cross-sectional study in São Paulo, Brazil. Br J Nutr 2017. [PMID: 28633686 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of four TNF-α SNP with inflammatory biomarkers and plasma fatty acids (FA), and the interaction among them in a population-based, cross-sectional study in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 281 subjects, aged >19 and <60 years, participated in a cross-sectional, population-based study performed in Brazil. The following SNP spanning the TNF-α gene were genotyped: -238G/A (rs361525), -308G/A (rs1800629), -857C/T (rs1799724) and -1031T/C (rs1799964). In all, eleven plasma inflammatory biomarkers and plasma FA profile were determined. To analyse the interaction between TNF-α SNP and plasma FA, a cluster analysis was performed to stratify individuals based on eleven inflammatory biomarkers into two groups used as outcome: inflammatory (INF) and non-inflammatory clusters. The -238A allele carriers had higher TNF-α (P=0·033), IL-6 (P=0·013), IL-1β (P=0·037), IL-12 (0·048) and IL-10 (P=0·010) than the GG genotype. The -308A allele carriers also had lower levels of plasma palmitoleic acid (P=0·009), oleic acid (P=0·039), total MUFA (P=0·014), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity index-16 (P=0·007), SCD-18 (P=0·020) and higher levels of PUFA (P=0·046) and DHA (P=0·044). Significant interactions modifying the risk of belonging to the INF cluster were observed with inflammatory cluster as outcome between -857C/T and plasma α-linolenic acid (P=0·026), and also between -308G/A and plasma stearic acid (P=0·044) and total SFA (P=0·040). Our study contributes to knowledge on TNF-α SNP and their association with inflammatory biomarker levels, plasma FA and the interaction among them, of particular interest for the Brazilian population.
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Mirhafez SR, Avan A, Pasdar A, Kazemi E, Ghasemi F, Tajbakhsh A, Tabaee S, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Association of tumor necrosis factor-α promoter G-308A gene polymorphism with increased triglyceride level of subjects with metabolic syndrome. Gene 2015; 568:81-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Pérez-Martínez P, López-Miranda J. Nutrición personalizada, ¿ha llegado ya su momento? Med Clin (Barc) 2013; 141:205-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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