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Wang H, Zuo S, Cerezo-Sánchez M, Arekhloo NG, Nazarpour K, Heidari H. Wearable super-resolution muscle-machine interfacing. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1020546. [PMID: 36466163 PMCID: PMC9714306 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1020546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscles are the actuators of all human actions, from daily work and life to communication and expression of emotions. Myography records the signals from muscle activities as an interface between machine hardware and human wetware, granting direct and natural control of our electronic peripherals. Regardless of the significant progression as of late, the conventional myographic sensors are still incapable of achieving the desired high-resolution and non-invasive recording. This paper presents a critical review of state-of-the-art wearable sensing technologies that measure deeper muscle activity with high spatial resolution, so-called super-resolution. This paper classifies these myographic sensors according to the different signal types (i.e., biomechanical, biochemical, and bioelectrical) they record during measuring muscle activity. By describing the characteristics and current developments with advantages and limitations of each myographic sensor, their capabilities are investigated as a super-resolution myography technique, including: (i) non-invasive and high-density designs of the sensing units and their vulnerability to interferences, (ii) limit-of-detection to register the activity of deep muscles. Finally, this paper concludes with new opportunities in this fast-growing super-resolution myography field and proposes promising future research directions. These advances will enable next-generation muscle-machine interfaces to meet the practical design needs in real-life for healthcare technologies, assistive/rehabilitation robotics, and human augmentation with extended reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huxi Wang
- Microelectronics Lab, James Watt School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Neuranics Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Siming Zuo
- Microelectronics Lab, James Watt School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Neuranics Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - María Cerezo-Sánchez
- Microelectronics Lab, James Watt School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Neuranics Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Negin Ghahremani Arekhloo
- Microelectronics Lab, James Watt School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Neuranics Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kianoush Nazarpour
- Neuranics Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hadi Heidari
- Microelectronics Lab, James Watt School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Neuranics Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Ji H, Xu Z, Wang M, Zou H, Chen Y, Ai J. A Flexible Optoelectronic Device for Continuous Cerebral Blood Flow Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:944. [PMID: 36354453 PMCID: PMC9688213 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics can be estimated by cerebral oxygenation parameters. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can be used to measure the hemoglobin concentration index of brain tissue noninvasively and in real time. However, limited by cumbersome equipment, high price and uncomfortable wear, conventional fNIRS monitoring systems still cannot achieve continuous and long-term monitoring. In this work, a flexible and wearable long-term monitoring system is developed featured with cost efficiency, simple preparation and light weight (only 1.6 g), which consists of a pair of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a photodetector (PD). Triangular serpentine interconnectors are introduced to connect the functional elements, enabling the device to be stretched in multiple directions. The device can continuously work for 7 h and be subjected to 2000 cycles of bending loading, with less than 3% change in voltage value, 1.89% and 1.9% change in LED luminous power and 0.9% change in voltage value. Furthermore, the hand-gripping and breath-holding experiments show that the system can accurately measure the changes in hemoglobin concentration in accordance with the commercial device. The flexible fNIRS system presented here not only provides a simple preparation process but also offers new ideas for daily cerebral state monitoring and prolonged clinical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Ji
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ze Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hong Zou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Based Intelligent Sensing and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Jun Ai
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Based Intelligent Sensing and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314000, China
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A Wearable Prefrontal Cortex Oxygen Saturation Measurement System Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy. ELECTRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics11131971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of blood oxygen saturation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), especially during sleep, is of great significance for clinical research. Herein, we present a wearable PFC oxygen saturation measurement system using dual-wavelength functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The system is well designed for user-friendly donning and has the advantages of comfort, convenience, portability, and affordability. The performance of the proposed system is investigated by the calibration and experimental results. The wearable system has demonstrated great potential to conduct the physiological monitoring of PFC, and it can be widely deployed in daily life.
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Jiang S, Kang P, Song X, Lo B, Shull P. Emerging Wearable Interfaces and Algorithms for Hand Gesture Recognition: A Survey. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2021; 15:85-102. [PMID: 33961564 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2021.3078190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hands are vital in a wide range of fundamental daily activities, and neurological diseases that impede hand function can significantly affect quality of life. Wearable hand gesture interfaces hold promise to restore and assist hand function and to enhance human-human and human-computer communication. The purpose of this review is to synthesize current novel sensing interfaces and algorithms for hand gesture recognition, and the scope of applications covers rehabilitation, prosthesis control, sign language recognition, and human-computer interaction. Results showed that electrical, dynamic, acoustical/vibratory, and optical sensing were the primary input modalities in gesture recognition interfaces. Two categories of algorithms were identified: 1) classification algorithms for predefined, fixed hand poses and 2) regression algorithms for continuous finger and wrist joint angles. Conventional machine learning algorithms, including linear discriminant analysis, support vector machines, random forests, and non-negative matrix factorization, have been widely used for a variety of gesture recognition applications, and deep learning algorithms have more recently been applied to further facilitate the complex relationship between sensor signals and multi-articulated hand postures. Future research should focus on increasing recognition accuracy with larger hand gesture datasets, improving reliability and robustness for daily use outside of the laboratory, and developing softer, less obtrusive interfaces.
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Grushko S, Spurný T, Černý M. Control Methods for Transradial Prostheses Based on Remnant Muscle Activity and Its Relationship with Proprioceptive Feedback. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4883. [PMID: 32872291 PMCID: PMC7506660 DOI: 10.3390/s20174883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The loss of a hand can significantly affect one's work and social life. For many patients, an artificial limb can improve their mobility and ability to manage everyday activities, as well as provide the means to remain independent. This paper provides an extensive review of available biosensing methods to implement the control system for transradial prostheses based on the measured activity in remnant muscles. Covered techniques include electromyography, magnetomyography, electrical impedance tomography, capacitance sensing, near-infrared spectroscopy, sonomyography, optical myography, force myography, phonomyography, myokinetic control, and modern approaches to cineplasty. The paper also covers combinations of these approaches, which, in many cases, achieve better accuracy while mitigating the weaknesses of individual methods. The work is focused on the practical applicability of the approaches, and analyses present challenges associated with each technique along with their relationship with proprioceptive feedback, which is an important factor for intuitive control over the prosthetic device, especially for high dexterity prosthetic hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Grushko
- Department of Robotics, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (M.Č.)
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Recent Progress in Wireless Sensors for Wearable Electronics. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19204353. [PMID: 31600870 PMCID: PMC6848938 DOI: 10.3390/s19204353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of wearable electronics has emphasized user-comfort, convenience, security, and improved medical functionality. Several previous research studies transformed various types of sensors into a wearable form to more closely monitor body signals and enable real-time, continuous sensing. In order to realize these wearable sensing platforms, it is essential to integrate wireless power supplies and data communication systems with the wearable sensors. This review article discusses recent progress in wireless technologies and various types of wearable sensors. Also, state-of-the-art research related to the application of wearable sensor systems with wireless functionality is discussed, including electronic skin, smart contact lenses, neural interfaces, and retinal prostheses. Current challenges and prospects of wireless sensor systems are discussed.
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Yücel MA, Selb JJ, Huppert TJ, Franceschini MA, Boas DA. Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy: Enabling Routine Functional Brain Imaging. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 4:78-86. [PMID: 29457144 PMCID: PMC5810962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) maps human brain function by measuring and imaging local changes in hemoglobin concentrations in the brain that arise from the modulation of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism by neural activity. Since its advent over 20 years ago, researchers have exploited and continuously advanced the ability of near infrared light to penetrate through the scalp and skull in order to non-invasively monitor changes in cerebral hemoglobin concentrations that reflect brain activity. We review recent advances in signal processing and hardware that significantly improve the capabilities of fNIRS by reducing the impact of confounding signals to improve statistical robustness of the brain signals and by enhancing the density, spatial coverage, and wearability of measuring devices respectively. We then summarize the application areas that are experiencing rapid growth as fNIRS begins to enable routine functional brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem A. Yücel
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Juliette J. Selb
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theodore J. Huppert
- Department of Radiology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - Maria Angela Franceschini
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - David A. Boas
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Nguyen HD, Hong KS, Shin YI. Bundled-Optode Method in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165146. [PMID: 27788178 PMCID: PMC5082888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a theory for detection of the absolute concentrations of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR) from hemodynamic responses using a bundled-optode configuration in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is proposed. The proposed method is then applied to the identification of two fingers (i.e., little and thumb) during their flexion and extension. This experiment involves a continuous-wave-type dual-wavelength (760 and 830 nm) fNIRS and five healthy male subjects. The active brain locations of two finger movements are identified based on the analysis of the t- and p-values of the averaged HbOs, which are quite distinctive. Our experimental results, furthermore, revealed that the hemodynamic responses of two-finger movements are different: The mean, peak, and time-to-peak of little finger movements are higher than those of thumb movements. It is noteworthy that the developed method can be extended to 3-dimensional fNIRS imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Dung Nguyen
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Shik Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University & Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20, Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
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Noninvasive Brain Physiology Monitoring for Extreme Environments: A Critical Review. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2016; 27:318-28. [PMID: 25811362 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Our ability to monitor the brain physiology is advancing; however, most of the technology is bulky, expensive, and designed for traditional clinical settings. With long-duration space exploration, there is a need for developing medical technologies that are reliable, low energy, portable, and semiautonomous. Our aim was to review the state of the art for noninvasive technologies capable of monitoring brain physiology in diverse settings. A literature review of PubMed and the Texas Medical Center library sites was performed using prespecified search criteria to identify portable technologies for monitoring physiological aspects of the brain physiology. Most brain-monitoring technologies require a moderate to high degree of operator skill. Some are low energy, but many require a constant external power supply. Most of the technologies lack the accuracy seen in gold standard measures, due to the need for calibration, but may be useful for screening or monitoring relative changes in a parameter. Most of the technologies use ultrasound or electromagnetic radiation as energy sources. There is an important need for further development of portable technologies that can be operated in a variety of extreme environments to monitor brain health.
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Cunniffe B, Sharma V, Cardinale M, Yellon D. Characterization of muscle oxygenation response to vascular occlusion: implications for remote ischaemic preconditioning and physical Performance. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2016; 37:785-793. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Cunniffe
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health; University College London; London UK
- English Institute of Sport; Bisham Abbey; Marlow UK
| | - V. Sharma
- UCL; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute; London UK
- Department of Internal Medicine; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland OH USA
| | - M. Cardinale
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health; University College London; London UK
- Aspire Academy; Doha Qatar
| | - D. Yellon
- UCL; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute; London UK
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Jones S, Chiesa ST, Chaturvedi N, Hughes AD. Recent developments in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the assessment of local skeletal muscle microvascular function and capacity to utilise oxygen. Artery Res 2016; 16:25-33. [PMID: 27942271 PMCID: PMC5134760 DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review Continuous wave near infrared spectroscopy (CW NIRS) provides non-invasive technology to measure relative changes in oxy- and deoxy-haemoglobin in a dynamic environment. This allows determination of local skeletal muscle O2 saturation, muscle oxygen consumption (V˙O2) and blood flow. This article provides a brief overview of the use of CW NIRS to measure exercise-limiting factors in skeletal muscle. Recent findings NIRS parameters that measure O2 delivery and capacity to utilise O2 in the muscle have been developed based on response to physiological interventions and exercise. NIRS has good reproducibility and agreement with gold standard techniques and can be used in clinical populations where muscle oxidative capacity or oxygen delivery (or both) are impaired. CW NIRS has limitations including: the unknown contribution of myoglobin to the overall signals, the impact of adipose tissue thickness, skin perfusion during exercise, and variations in skin pigmentation. These, in the main, can be circumvented through appropriate study design or measurement of absolute tissue saturation. Summary CW NIRS can assess skeletal muscle O2 delivery and utilisation without the use of expensive or invasive procedures and is useable in large population-based samples, including older adults. An overview of CW NIRS to measure O2 utilisation and delivery is presented. CW NIRS is cheap, non-invasive, portable and useable in population-based samples. It is useful for understanding underlying mechanisms of deterioration in capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siana Jones
- Corresponding author. UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, 10th Floor, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK. Fax: +44 207 594 1706.UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science10th Floor, 1-19 Torrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7HEUK
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Yao P, Guo W, Sheng X, Zhang D, Zhu X. A portable multi-channel wireless NIRS device for muscle activity real-time monitoring. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2014:3719-22. [PMID: 25570799 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6944431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a relative new technology in monitoring muscle oxygenation and hemo-dynamics. This paper presents a portable multi-channel wireless NIRS device for real-time monitoring of muscle activity. The NIRS sensor is designed miniaturized and modularized, to make multi-site monitoring convenient. Wireless communication is applied to data transmission avoiding of cumbersome wires and the whole system is highly integrated. Special care is taken to eliminate motion artifact when designing the NIRS sensor and attaching it to human skin. Besides, the system is designed with high sampling rate so as to monitor rapid oxygenation changes during muscle activities. Dark noise and long-term drift tests have been carried out, and the result indicates the device has a good performance of accuracy and stability. In vivo experiments including arterial occlusion and isometric voluntary forearm muscle contraction were performed, demonstrating the system has the ability to monitor muscle oxygenation parameters effectively even in exercise.
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Asymmetrical Changes in Cerebral Blood Oxygenation Induced by an Active Standing Test in Children with Postural Tachycardia Syndrome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 812:271-278. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0620-8_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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