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Fidalgo DS, Samimi K, Oyen ML, Skala MC, Jorge RMN, Parente MPL, Malanowska E, Oliveira DA, Myers KM. Development of a multilayer fetal membrane material model calibrated using bulge inflation mechanical tests. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106344. [PMID: 38160642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The fetal membranes are an essential mechanical structure for pregnancy, protecting the developing fetus in an amniotic fluid environment and rupturing before birth. In cooperation with the cervix and the uterus, the fetal membranes support the mechanical loads of pregnancy. Structurally, the fetal membranes comprise two main layers: the amnion and the chorion. The mechanical characterization of each layer is crucial to understanding how each layer contributes to the structural performance of the whole membrane. The in-vivo mechanical loading of the fetal membranes and the amount of tissue stress generated in each layer throughout gestation remains poorly understood, as it is difficult to perform direct measurements on pregnant patients. Finite element analysis of pregnancy offers a computational method to explore how anatomical and tissue remodeling factors influence the load-sharing of the uterus, cervix, and fetal membranes. To aid in the formulation of such computational models of pregnancy, this work develops a fiber-based multilayer fetal membrane model that captures its response to previously published bulge inflation loading data. First, material models for the amnion, chorion, and maternal decidua are formulated, informed, and validated by published data. Then, the behavior of the fetal membrane as a layered structure was analyzed, focusing on the respective stress distribution and thickness variation in each layer. The layered computational model captures the overall behavior of the fetal membranes, with the amnion being the mechanically dominant layer. The inclusion of fibers in the amnion material model is an important factor in obtaining reliable fetal membrane behavior according to the experimental dataset. These results highlight the potential of this layered model to be integrated into larger biomechanical models of the gravid uterus and cervix to study the mechanical mechanisms of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Fidalgo
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Mechanical Department (DEMec), Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto (FEUP), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - Michelle L Oyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Renato M N Jorge
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Mechanical Department (DEMec), Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto (FEUP), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco P L Parente
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Mechanical Department (DEMec), Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto (FEUP), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ewelina Malanowska
- Department of Gynaecology, Endocrinology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dulce A Oliveira
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kristin M Myers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering - Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Zhu J, Su Y, Liu Z, Liu B, Sun Y, Gao W, Fu Y. Real‐time biomechanical modelling of the liver using LightGBM model. Int J Med Robot 2022; 18:e2433. [DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Yixian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Ziteng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Bainan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Wenpeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Yili Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
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Abstract
Traditionally, strain gauge, extensometer, and reflection tracking markers have been used to measure the deformation of materials under loading. However, the anisotropy and inhomogeneity of most biological materials restricted the accessibility of the real strain field. Compared to the video extensometer, digital image correlation has the advantage of providing full-field displacement as well as strain information. In this study, a digital image correlation method (DIC) measurement system was employed for chicken breast bio-tissue deformation measurement. To increase the contrast for better correlation, a mixture of ground black pepper and white sesame was sprayed on the surface of samples. The first step was to correct the distorted image caused by the lens using the inverse distorted calibration method and then the influence of subset size and correlation criteria, sum of squared differences (SSD), and zero-normalized sum of squared differences (ZNSSD) were investigated experimentally for accurate measurement. Test results of the sample was translated along the horizontal direction from 0 mm to 3 mm, with an increment of 0.1 mm and the measurement result was compared, and the displacement set on the translation stage. The result shows that the error is less than 3%, and accurate measurement can be achieved with proper surface preparation, subset size, correlation criterion, and image correction. Detailed examination of the strain values show that the strain εx is proportional to the displacement of crosshead, but the strain εy indicates the viscoelastic behavior of tested bio-tissue. In addition, the tested bio-tissue’s linear birefringence extracted by a Mueller matrix polarimetry is for comparison and is in good agreement. As noted above, the integration of the optical parameter measurement system and the digital image correlation method is proposed in this paper to analyze the relationship between the strain changes and optical parameters of biological tissue, and thus the relative optic-stress coefficient can be significantly characterized if Young’s modulus of biological tissue is known.
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Study on the Similarity of Biomechanical Behavior between Gelatin and Porcine Liver. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:7021636. [PMID: 32908907 PMCID: PMC7463373 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7021636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a natural polymer, gelatin is increasingly being used as a substitute for animals or humans for the simulation and testing of surgical procedures. In the current study, the similarity verification was neglected and a 10 wt.% or 20 wt.% gelatin sample was used directly. To compare the mechanical similarities between gelatin and biological tissues, different concentrations of gelatin samples were subjected to tensile, compression, and indentation tests and compared with porcine liver tissue. The loading rate in the three tests fully considered the surgical application conditions; notably, a loading speed up to 12 mm/s was applied in the indentation testing, the tensile test was performed at a speed of 1 mm/s until fracture, and the compression tests were compressed at a rate of 0.16 mm/s and 1 mm/s. A comparison of the results shows that the mechanical behaviors of low-concentration gelatin samples involved in the study are similar to the mechanical behavior of porcine liver tissue. The results of the gelatin material were mathematically expressed by the Mooney-Rivlin model and the Prony series. The results show that the material properties of gelatin can mimic the range of mechanical characteristics of porcine liver, and gelatin can be used as a matrix to further improve the similarity between substitute materials and biological tissues.
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Gauthier R, Jeannin C, Attik N, Trunfio-Sfarghiu AM, Gritsch K, Grosgogeat B. Tissue Engineering for Periodontal Ligament Regeneration: Biomechanical Specifications. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:1088515. [PMID: 33067629 DOI: 10.1115/1.4048810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal biomechanical environment is very difficult to investigate. By the complex geometry and composition of the periodontal ligament (PDL), its mechanical behavior is very dependent on the type of loading (compressive versus tensile loading; static versus cyclic loading; uniaxial versus multiaxial) and the location around the root (cervical, middle, or apical). These different aspects of the PDL make it difficult to develop a functional biomaterial to treat periodontal attachment due to periodontal diseases. This review aims to describe the structural and biomechanical properties of the PDL. Particular importance is placed in the close interrelationship that exists between structure and biomechanics: the PDL structural organization is specific to its biomechanical environment, and its biomechanical properties are specific to its structural arrangement. This balance between structure and biomechanics can be explained by a mechanosensitive periodontal cellular activity. These specifications have to be considered in the further tissue engineering strategies for the development of an efficient biomaterial for periodontal tissues regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gauthier
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Christophe Jeannin
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
| | - N Attik
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France
| | | | - K Gritsch
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
| | - B Grosgogeat
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
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Kohn S, Leichsenring K, Kuravi R, Ehret AE, Böl M. Direct measurement of the direction-dependent mechanical behaviour of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix. Acta Biomater 2021; 122:249-262. [PMID: 33444799 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the first comprehensive data set on the anisotropic mechanical properties of isolated endo- and perimysial extracellular matrix of skeletal muscle, and presents the corresponding protocols for preparing and testing the samples. In particular, decellularisation of porcine skeletal muscle is achieved with caustic soda solution, and mechanical parameters are defined based on compressive and tensile testing in order to identify the optimal treatment time such that muscle fibres are dissolved whereas the extracellular matrix remains largely intact and mechanically functional. At around 18 h, a time window was found and confirmed by histology, in which axial tensile experiments were performed to characterise the direction-dependent mechanical response of the extracellular matrix samples, and the effect of lateral pre-compression was studied. The typical, large variability in the experimental stress response could be largely reduced by varying a single scalar factor, which was attributed to the variation of the fraction of extracellular matrix within the tissue. While experimental results on the mechanical properties of intact muscle tissue and single muscle fibres are increasingly available in literature, there is a lack of information on the properties of the collagenous components of skeletal muscle. The present work aims at closing this gap and thus contributes to an improved understanding of the mechanics of skeletal muscle tissue and provides a missing piece of information for the development of corresponding constitutive and computational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kohn
- Institute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany
| | - Kay Leichsenring
- Institute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany
| | - Ramachandra Kuravi
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland; Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Alexander E Ehret
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland; Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Markus Böl
- Institute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany.
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Predicting muscle tissue response from calibrated component models and histology-based finite element models. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 117:104375. [PMID: 33578299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an anisotropic soft biological tissue composed of muscle fibres embedded in a structurally complex, hierarchically organised extracellular matrix. In a recent work (Kuravi et al., 2021) we have developed 3D finite element models from series of histological sections. Moreover, based on decellularisation of fresh tissue samples, a novel set of experimental data on the direction dependent mechanical properties of collagenous ECM was established (Kohn et al., 2021). Together with existing information on the material properties of single muscle fibres, the combination of these techniques allows computing predictions of the composite tissue response. To this end, an inverse finite element procedure is proposed in the present work to calibrate a constitutive model of the extracellular matrix, and supplementary biaxial tensile tests on fresh and decellularised tissues are performed for model validation. The results of this rigorously predictive and thus unforgiving strategy suggest that the prediction of the tissue response from the individual characteristics of muscle cells and decellularised tissue is only possible within clear limits. While orders of magnitude are well matched, and the qualitative behaviour in a wide range of load cases is largely captured, the existing deviations point at potentially missing components of the model and highlight the incomplete experimental information in bottom-up multiscale approaches to model skeletal muscle tissue.
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Amani A, Shamloo A, Barzegar S, Forouzandehmehr M. Effect of Material and Population on the Delivery of Nanoparticles to an Atherosclerotic Plaque: A Patient-specific In Silico Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1551-1562. [PMID: 33465311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the prevalent reason of mortality all around the world. Targeting CAD, specifically atherosclerosis, with controlled delivery of micro and nanoparticles, as drug carriers, is a very proficient approach. In this work, a patient-specific and realistic model of an atherosclerotic plaque in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery was created by image-processing of CT-scan images and implementing a finite-element mesh. Next, a fluid-solid interaction simulation considering the physiological boundary conditions was conducted. By considering the simulated force fields and particle-particle interactions, the correlation between injected particles at each cardiac cycle and the surface density of adhered particles over the atherosclerotic plaque (SDP) were examined. For large particles (800 and 1000 nm) the amount of SDP on the plaque increased significantly when the number of the injected particles became higher. However, by increasing the number of the injected particles, for the larger particles (800 and 1000 nm) the increase in SDP was about 50% greater than that of the smaller ones (400 and 600 nm). Furthermore, for constant number of particles, depending on their size, different trends in SDP were observed. Subsequently, the distribution and adhesion of metal-based nanoparticles including SiO2, Fe3O4, NiO2, silver and gold with different properties were simulated. The injection of metal particles with medium density among the considered particles resulted in the highest SDP. Remarkably, the affinity, the geometrical features, and the biophysical factors involved in the adhesion outweighed the effect of difference in the density of particles on the SDP. Finally, the consideration of the lift force in the simulations significantly reduced the SDP and consistently decreased the particle residence time in the studied domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9567, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9567, Iran
| | - Saeid Barzegar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9567, Iran
| | - Mohamadamin Forouzandehmehr
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9567, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33520, Finland
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Readioff R, Geraghty B, Comerford E, Elsheikh A. A full-field 3D digital image correlation and modelling technique to characterise anterior cruciate ligament mechanics ex vivo. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:417-428. [PMID: 32652225 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It is limiting to use conventional methods when characterising material properties of complex biological tissues with inhomogeneous and anisotropic structure, such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee joint. This study aims to develop and utilise a three-dimensional digital image correlation method (3D DIC) for the purpose of determining material properties of femur-ACL-tibia complex across the surface without any contact between the tissue and the loading equipment. A full-field (360° view) 3D DIC test setup consisting of six digital single-lens reflex cameras was developed and ACL specimens from skeletally mature dog knee joints were tested. The six cameras were arranged into three pairs and the cameras within each pair were positioned with 25° in between to obtain the desired stereovision output. The test setup was calibrated twice: first to obtain the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters within camera pairs, and second to align the 3D surfaces from each camera pair in order to generate the full view of the ACLs. Using the undeformed 3D surfaces of the ligaments, ACL-specific finite element models were generated. Longitudinal deformation of ligaments under tensile loads obtained from the 3D DIC, and this was analysed to serve as input for the inverse finite element analysis. As a result, hyperelastic coefficients from the first-order Ogden model that characterise ACL behaviour were determined with a marginal error of <1.5%. This test setup and methodology provides a means to accurately determine inhomogeneous and anisotropic material properties of ACL. The methodology described in this study could be adopted to investigate other biological and cultured tissues with complex structure. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Determining the material properties of soft tissues with complex anatomical structure, such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), is important to better understand their contribution to musculoskeletal biomechanics. Current conventional methods for characterising material properties of the ACL are often limited to a contact measurement approach, however an improved understanding of the mechanics of this complex tissue is vital in terms of preventing injury and developing novel therapies. This article reports the development and utilisation of non-contact optical methodology involving full-field three-dimensional digital image correlation and finite element analysis to accurately investigate material properties of the ACL, in a controlled environment. This technique reduces inaccuracies due to specimen clamping and more importantly considers the inhomogeneous nature of the examined tissue.
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Morch A, Astruc L, Mayeur O, Witz JF, Lecomte-Grosbras P, Brieu M. Is there any objective and independent characterization and modeling of soft biological tissues? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103915. [PMID: 32771881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of soft tissue raises several difficulties. Indeed, soft biological tissues usually shrink when dissected from their in vivo location. This shrinkage is characteristic of the release of residual stresses, since soft tissues are indeed often pre-stressed in their physiological configuration. During experimental loading, large extension at very low level of force are expected and assumed to be related to the progressive recruitment and stretching of fibers. However, the first phase of the mechanical test is also aiming at recovering the pre-stressed in vivo behavior. As a consequence, the initial phase, corresponding to the recovering of prestress and/or recruitment of fiberes, is questionable and frequently removed. One of the preferred methods to erase it consists in applying a preforce or prestress to the sample: this allows to easily get rid of the sample retensioning range. However this operation can impact the interpretation of the identified mechanical parameters. This study presents an evaluation of the impact of the data processing on the mechanical properties of a numerically defined material. For this purpose, a finite element simulation was performed to replicate a uniaxial tensile test on a biological soft tissue sample. The influence of different pre-stretches on the mechanical parameters of a second order Yeoh model was investigated. The Yeoh mechanical parameters, or any other strain energy density, depend strongly on any pre- and post-processing choices: they adapt to compensate the error made when choosing an arbitrary level of prestretch or prestress. This observation spreads to any modeling approach used in soft tissues. Mechanical parameters are indeed naturally bound to the choice of the pre-stretch (or pre-stress) through the elongation and the constitutive law. Regardless of the model, it would therefore be pointless to compare mechanical parameters if the conditions for the processing of experimental raw data are not fully documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morch
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube Laboratoire de mécanique multiphysique et multiéchelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - L Astruc
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube Laboratoire de mécanique multiphysique et multiéchelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - O Mayeur
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube Laboratoire de mécanique multiphysique et multiéchelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - J-F Witz
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube Laboratoire de mécanique multiphysique et multiéchelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - P Lecomte-Grosbras
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube Laboratoire de mécanique multiphysique et multiéchelle, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - M Brieu
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube Laboratoire de mécanique multiphysique et multiéchelle, F-59000, Lille, France; California State University, Los Angeles College Engineering, Computer Science and Technology, Dept. Mechanical Engineering, USA
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Callejas A, Melchor J, Faris IH, Rus G. Hyperelastic Ex Vivo Cervical Tissue Mechanical Characterization. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4362. [PMID: 32764345 PMCID: PMC7472274 DOI: 10.3390/s20164362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the comparison between a proposed Fourth Order Elastic Constants (FOECs) nonlinear model defined in the sense of Landau's theory, and the two most contrasted hyperelastic models in the literature, Mooney-Rivlin, and Ogden models. A mechanical testing protocol is developed to investigate the large-strain response of ex vivo cervical tissue samples in uniaxial tension in its two principal anatomical locations, the epithelial and connective layers. The final aim of this work is to compare the reconstructed shear modulus of the epithelial and connective layers of cervical tissue. According to the obtained results, the nonlinear parameter A from the proposed FOEC model could be an important biomarker in cervical tissue diagnosis. In addition, the calculated shear modulus depended on the anatomical location of the cervical tissue (μepithelial = 1.29 ± 0.15 MPa, and μconnective = 3.60 ± 0.63 MPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Callejas
- Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain; (I.H.F.); (G.R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Juan Melchor
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Excellence Research Unit, “Modelling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
| | - Inas H. Faris
- Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain; (I.H.F.); (G.R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Guillermo Rus
- Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain; (I.H.F.); (G.R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Excellence Research Unit, “Modelling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
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12
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Norris M, Mills C, Sanchez A, Wakefield-Scurr J. Do static and dynamic activities induce potentially damaging breast skin strain? BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000770. [PMID: 32699646 PMCID: PMC7365429 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim This study aimed to quantify breast skin strain and strain rate and the effect of support garments at reducing strain and to determine characteristics that correlate with strain during static and dynamic activity. Methods 39 women (UK size 32C to 36G) had electromagnetic sensors applied to their breast skin. Sensor coordinates were recorded while standing, walking, running, in no, low and high breast support conditions, plus bare-breasted in the estimated neutral position to calculate strain. Relative breast coordinates and 35 inter-sensor distances identified peak breast skin strain (%) and strain rate (%·s-1), which were then correlated with nipple kinematics, breast pain and participant characteristics. Results Mean peak breast skin strain was generally <60% during standing, walking and running; however, some individuals exhibited 93% strain in bare-breasted running. Compared with low support, high support did not further reduce strain during standing and walking. Peak breast skin strain/strain rate location was longitudinal, in lateral and medial breast regions and displayed strong correlations with breast volume, body mass index and bust circumference. Conclusion Static and dynamic activity did not result in excessive breast skin strain, suggesting low risk of skin damage. However, during running, some individuals experienced excessive skin strains (up to 93%) and strain rates (up to 1258%·s-1). Breast skin strain/strain rate location suggests lift is required in the lateral and medial bra cup to reduce strain, particularly in larger breast volumes due to increased skin strain risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Norris
- Lero, the Irish Software Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Ageing Research Centre (ARC), Limerick, Ireland.,School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Chris Mills
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Amy Sanchez
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Zorgani A, Ghafour TA, Lescanne M, Catheline S, Bel-Brunon A. Optical elastography: tracking surface waves with digital image correlation. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:055007. [PMID: 30673652 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Elastography consists in evaluating the propagation speed of waves into a tissue to estimate its stiffness. Usually this method is based on Ultrasounds, magnetic resonance imaging or optical coherent tomography. This paper proposes a simple optic method using ultrafast cameras. Based on digital image correlation (DIC), the tracking of elastic surface wave from white light intensity pattern, allows estimating the propagation speed as an indicator of the tissue local stiffness. Two configurations are presented: (1) 2D imaging of a flat phantom surface with a single camera and (2) 3D imaging of a curved phantom surface with two cameras. As a feasibility study of the first configuration, surface wave speed was measured on isotropic and anisotropic phantoms. Comparisons with ultrasound methods fully validate this approach. Although more sophisticated, the second configuration account for propagation distortions caused by locally curved topology. Triangulation techniques used to retrieve local topology are named stereo-correlation in the field of biomechanics. Stereo-elastography is thus proposed to determine tissue local elasticity from any soft tissue surface wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zorgani
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, F-69003, LYON, France. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Hayes A, Easton K, Devanaboyina PT, Wu JP, Kirk TB, Lloyd D. A review of methods to measure tendon dimensions. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:18. [PMID: 30636623 PMCID: PMC6330756 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-1056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendons are soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system that are designed to facilitate joint movement. Tendons exhibit a wide range of mechanical properties matched to their functions and, as a result, have been of interest to researchers for many decades. Dimensions are an important aspect of tendon properties. Change in the dimensions of tissues is often seen as a sign of injury and degeneration, as it may suggest inflammation or general disorder of the tissue. Dimensions are also important for determining the mechanical properties and behaviours of materials, particularly the stress, strain, and elastic modulus. This makes the dimensions significant in the context of a mechanical study of degenerated tendons. Additionally, tendon dimensions are useful in planning harvesting for tendon transfer and joint reconstruction purposes. Historically, many methods have been used in an attempt to accurately measure the dimensions of soft tissue, since improper measurement can lead to large errors in the calculated properties. These methods can be categorised as destructive (by approximation), contact, and non-contact and can be considered in terms of in vivo and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hayes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. .,Medical Engineering and Physics, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | | | - Pavan Teja Devanaboyina
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jian-Ping Wu
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and the Department of Biomedical Engineering of Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyaun Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Thomas Brett Kirk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Lloyd
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Marker Tracking for Local Strain Measurement in Mechanical Testing of Biomedical Materials. J Med Biol Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-018-0457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Sanchez A, Mills C, Haake S, Norris M, Scurr J. Quantification of gravity-induced skin strain across the breast surface. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2017; 50:47-55. [PMID: 28987871 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantification of the magnitude of skin strain in different regions of the breast may help to estimate possible gravity-induced damage whilst also being able to inform the selection of incision locations during breast surgery. The aim of this study was to quantify static skin strain over the breast surface and to estimate the risk of skin damage caused by gravitational loading. METHODS Fourteen participants had 21 markers applied to their torso and left breast. The non-gravity breast position was estimated as the mid-point of the breast positions in water and soybean oil (higher and lower density than breast respectively). The static gravity-loaded breast position was also measured. Skin strain was calculated as the percentage extension between adjacent breast markers in the gravity and non-gravity loaded conditions. FINDINGS Gravity induced breast deformation caused peak strains ranging from 14 to 75% across participants, with potentially damaging skin strain (>60%) in one participant and skin strains above 30% (skin resistance zone) in a further four participants. These peak strain values all occurred in the longitudinal direction in the upper region of the breast skin. In the latitudinal direction, smaller-breasted participants experienced greater strain on the outer (lateral) breast regions and less strain on the inner (medial) breast regions, a trend which was reversed in the larger breasted participants (above size 34D). INTERPRETATION To reduce tension on surgical incisions it is suggested that preference should be given to medial latitudinal locations for smaller breasted women and lateral latitudinal locations for larger breasted women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Sanchez
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Spinnaker Building, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, UK
| | - Chris Mills
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Spinnaker Building, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, UK.
| | - Steve Haake
- Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK
| | - Michelle Norris
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Spinnaker Building, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, UK
| | - Joanna Scurr
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Spinnaker Building, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, UK
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17
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A Strain Feedback Compensation Method during Cell Tensile Experiments. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2017; 2017:1587670. [PMID: 29065572 PMCID: PMC5494114 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1587670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell tensile technique is an important and widely used tool in cell mechanical research. However, the strain control condition in traditional tensile experiments is not satisfied and would result in big errors. These strain errors will seriously impact the experimental accuracy and decrease the reliability and comparability of experimental results. In order to achieve the accurate strain control of the membrane during stretching, a strain feedback compensation method based on the digital image correlation is proposed in this paper. To evaluate the effect of the proposed compensation method, a series of stretching experiments in different strains ranging from 5% to 20% were performed. The results showed that our proposed method significantly decreased the errors of strain control. These results indicate that the strain feedback compensation method is very effective in controlling strain and can greatly improve the experimental accuracy.
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Jayyosi C, Bruyère-Garnier K, Coret M. Geometry of an inflated membrane in elliptic bulge tests: Evaluation of an ellipsoidal shape approximation by stereoscopic digital image correlation measurements. Med Eng Phys 2017; 48:150-157. [PMID: 28690047 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Elliptic bulge tests are conducted on liver capsule, a fibrous connective membrane, associated with a field measurement method to assess the global geometry of the samples during the tests. The experimental set up is derived from a previous experimental campaign of bulge tests under microscope. Here, a stereoscopic Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system is used to measure global parameters on the test and investigate some assumptions made on the testing conditions which could not been assessed with microscopic measurements. In particular, the assumption of an ellipsoidal shape of the inflated membrane is tested by comparing the actual sample shape measured by stereoscopic DIC with an idealized ellipsoidal shape. Results indicate that a rather constant gap exists between the idealized and actual position. The approximation in the calculation of a macroscopic strain through analytical modeling of the test is estimated here. The study of the liver capsule case shows that important differences can be observed in strain calculation depending on the method and assumptions taken. Therefore, analytical modeling of mechanical tests through ellipsoidal approximation needs to be carefully evaluated in every application. Here the field measurement allows assessing the validity of these modeling assumptions. Moreover, it gives precious details about the boundary conditions of the bulge test and revealed the heterogeneous clamping, highlighted by strain concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jayyosi
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, UMR_T9406, LBMC, F69622 Lyon, France
| | - K Bruyère-Garnier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, UMR_T9406, LBMC, F69622 Lyon, France.
| | - M Coret
- LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, Ecole Centrale de Nantes, GEM, UMR CNRS 6183, Nantes, France
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19
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Gaur P, Chawla A, Verma K, Mukherjee S, Lalvani S, Malhotra R, Mayer C. Characterisation of human diaphragm at high strain rate loading. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 60:603-616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Palanca M, Tozzi G, Cristofolini L. The use of digital image correlation in the biomechanical area: a review. Int Biomech 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/23335432.2015.1117395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Palanca
- School of Engineering and Architecture, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tozzi
- School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Luca Cristofolini
- School of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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21
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Hwang SF, Shen MC, Hsu BB. Strain measurement of polymer materials by digital image correlation combined with finite-element analysis. JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 29:4189-4195. [DOI: 10.1007/s12206-015-0913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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22
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In-vivo deformation measurements of the human heart by 3D Digital Image Correlation. J Biomech 2015; 48:2217-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Untaroiu CD, Lu YC, Siripurapu SK, Kemper AR. Modeling the biomechanical and injury response of human liver parenchyma under tensile loading. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 41:280-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Wex C, Arndt S, Stoll A, Bruns C, Kupriyanova Y. Isotropic incompressible hyperelastic models for modelling the mechanical behaviour of biological tissues: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 60:577-92. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2014-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractModelling the mechanical behaviour of biological tissues is of vital importance for clinical applications. It is necessary for surgery simulation, tissue engineering, finite element modelling of soft tissues, etc. The theory of linear elasticity is frequently used to characterise biological tissues; however, the theory of nonlinear elasticity using hyperelastic models, describes accurately the nonlinear tissue response under large strains. The aim of this study is to provide a review of constitutive equations based on the continuum mechanics approach for modelling the rate-independent mechanical behaviour of homogeneous, isotropic and incompressible biological materials. The hyperelastic approach postulates an existence of the strain energy function – a scalar function per unit reference volume, which relates the displacement of the tissue to their corresponding stress values. The most popular form of the strain energy functions as Neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin, Ogden, Yeoh, Fung-Demiray, Veronda-Westmann, Arruda-Boyce, Gent and their modifications are described and discussed considering their ability to analytically characterise the mechanical behaviour of biological tissues. The review provides a complete and detailed analysis of the strain energy functions used for modelling the rate-independent mechanical behaviour of soft biological tissues such as liver, kidney, spleen, brain, breast, etc.
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25
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Xu AA, Zhu JF, Zhang D. Development of a measurement system for laparoendoscopic single-site surgery: reliability and repeatability of digital image correlation for measurement of surface deformations in SILS port. JSLS 2014; 18:JSLS-D-13-00267. [PMID: 25392628 PMCID: PMC4154418 DOI: 10.4293/jsls.2014.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Analysis of mechanical measurements in laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) is important for instrument design and surgical simulators. The aim of this study was to develop a measuring system for different instruments and manipulations in LESS using a single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) port. Methods: The loads on the SILS port were applied and recorded by the universal material testing machine by the following method. The handle of the forceps inserted in the SILS port was connected with the machine by a fishing wire and pulled at a constant rate. The surface deformations (displacements and strains) of the SILS port were recorded with digital image correlation (DIC) simultaneously. The correlation between deformation measurements and loads were analyzed. This experiment was repeated 8 times. Results: Strong correlations existed between deformation measurements calculated by DIC and objective criteria “loads” applied and recorded by the universal material testing machine (r > 0.98). The correlation coefficients were statistically significant (P < .001). A high repeatability of the results appeared in all repetitions of the experiment. Conclusions: A DIC measurement system has been developed for LESS, and comprehensive mechanical parameters of a SILS port can be obtained precisely by using this system. It is reliable and repeatable for evaluation of instruments and manipulations in LESS.
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Affiliation(s)
- An An Xu
- Department of General Surgery, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Fan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Mechanics Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Lionello G, Sirieix C, Baleani M. An effective procedure to create a speckle pattern on biological soft tissue for digital image correlation measurements. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 39:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Reyes AM, Jahr H, van Schie HTM, Weinans H, Zadpoor AA. Prediction of the elastic strain limit of tendons. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 30:324-38. [PMID: 24362243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The elastic strain limit (ESL) of tendons is the point where maximum elastic modulus is reached, after which micro-damage starts. Study of damage progression in tendons under repetitive (fatigue) loading requires a priori knowledge about ESL. In this study, we propose three different approaches for predicting ESL. First, one single value is assumed to represent the ESL of all tendon specimens. Second, different extrapolation curves are used for extrapolating the initial part of the stress-strain curve. Third, a method based on comparing the shape of the initial part of the stress-strain curve of specimens with a database of stress-strain curves is used. A large number of porcine tendon explants (97) were tested to examine the above-mentioned approaches. The variants of the third approach yielded significantly (p<0.05) smaller error values as compared to the other approaches. The mean absolute percentage error of the best-performing variant of the shape-based comparison was between 8.14±6.44% and 9.96±9.99% depending on the size of the initial part of the stress-strain curves. Interspecies generalizability of the best performing method was also studied by applying it for prediction of the ESL of horse tendons. The ESL of horse tendons was predicted with mean absolute percentage errors ranging between 10.53±7.6% and 19.16±14.31% depending on the size of the initial part of the stress-strain curves and the type of normalization. The results of this study suggest that both ESL and the shape of stress-strain curves may be highly different between different individuals and different anatomical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Reyes
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - H Jahr
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - H T M van Schie
- UTC Imaging, Stein, The Netherlands; Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Frankston, Australia
| | - H Weinans
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics and Department of Rheumatology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands.
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28
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Lu YC, Kemper AR, Gayzik S, Untaroiu CD, Beillas P. Statistical modeling of human liver incorporating the variations in shape, size, and material properties. STAPP CAR CRASH JOURNAL 2013; 57:285-311. [PMID: 24435736 DOI: 10.4271/2013-22-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The liver is one of the most frequently injured abdominal organs during motor vehicle crashes. Realistic numerical assessments of liver injury risk for the entire occupant population require incorporating inter-subject variations into numerical models. The main objective of this study was to quantify the shape variations of human liver in a seated posture and the statistical distributions of its material properties. Statistical shape analysis was applied to construct shape models of the livers of 15 adult human subjects, recorded in a typical seated (occupant) posture. The principal component analysis was then utilized to obtain the modes of variation, the mean model, and 95% statistical boundary shape models. In addition, a total of 52 tensile tests were performed on the parenchyma of three fresh human livers at four loading rates (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 s^-1) to characterize the rate-dependent and failure properties of the human liver. A FE-based optimization approach was employed to identify the material parameters of an Ogden material model for each specimen. The mean material parameters were then determined for each loading rate from the characteristic averages of the stress-strain curves, and a stochastic optimization approach was utilized to determine the standard deviations of the material parameters. Results showed that the first five modes of the human liver shape models account for more than 60% of the overall anatomical variations. The distributions of the material parameters combined with the mean and statistical boundary shape models could be used to develop probabilistic finite element (FE) models, which may help to better understand the variability in biomechanical responses and injuries to the abdominal organs under impact loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chiao Lu
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Center for Injury Biomechanics
| | - Andrew R Kemper
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Center for Injury Biomechanics
| | - Scott Gayzik
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Center for Injury Biomechanics
| | - Costin D Untaroiu
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Center for Injury Biomechanics
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Oldfield MJ, Burrows C, Kerl J, Frasson L, Parittotokkaporn T, Beyrau F, Rodriguez y Baena F. Highly resolved strain imaging during needle insertion: Results with a novel biologically inspired device. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 30:50-60. [PMID: 24231189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous needle insertions are a common part of minimally invasive surgery. However, the insertion process is necessarily disruptive to the substrate. Negative side effects are migration of deep-seated targets and trauma to the surrounding material. Mitigation of these effects is highly desirable, but relies on a detailed understanding of the needle-tissue interactions, which are difficult to capture at a sufficiently high resolution. Here, an adapted Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique is used to quantify mechanical behaviour at the sliding interface, with resolution of measurement points which is better than 0.5mm, representing a marked improvement over the state of the art. A method for converting the Eulerian description of DIC output to Lagrangian displacements and strains is presented and the method is validated during the simple insertion of a symmetrical needle into a gelatine tissue phantom. The needle is comprised of four axially interlocked quadrants, each with a bevel tip. Tests are performed where the segments are inserted into the phantom simultaneously, or in a cyclic sequence taking inspiration from the unique insertion strategy associated to the ovipositor of certain wasps. Data from around the needle-tissue interface includes local strain variations, material dragged along the needle surface and relaxation of the phantom, which show that the cyclic actuation of individual needle segments is potentially able to mitigate tissue strain and could be used to reduce target migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Oldfield
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW72AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Burrows
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW72AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Kerl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW72AZ, United Kingdom
| | - L Frasson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW72AZ, United Kingdom
| | - T Parittotokkaporn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW72AZ, United Kingdom
| | - F Beyrau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW72AZ, United Kingdom
| | - F Rodriguez y Baena
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW72AZ, United Kingdom.
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30
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Untaroiu CD, Lu YC. Material characterization of liver parenchyma using specimen-specific finite element models. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 26:11-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Buerzle W, Mazza E. On the deformation behavior of human amnion. J Biomech 2013; 46:1777-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Karimi A, Navidbakhsh M, Faghihi S, Shojaei A, Hassani K. A finite element investigation on plaque vulnerability in realistic healthy and atherosclerotic human coronary arteries. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2013; 227:148-61. [PMID: 23513986 DOI: 10.1177/0954411912461239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the most common arterial disease. It has been shown that stresses that are induced during blood circulation can cause plaque rupture and, in turn, lead to thrombosis and stroke. In this study, finite element method is used to predict plaque vulnerability based on peak plaque stress using human samples. A total of 23 healthy and atherosclerotic human coronary arteries of 14 healthy and 9 atherosclerotic patients are excised within 5 h postmortem. The samples are mounted on an uniaxial tensile test machine, and the obtained mechanical properties are used in two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element models. The results including the Neo-Hookean hyperelastic coefficients of the samples as well as peak plaque stresses are analyzed. The results indicate that the atherosclerotic human coronary arteries have significantly (p < 0.05) higher stiffness compared with the healthy ones. The hypocellular plaque also has the highest stress values and, as a result, is most likely (vulnerable) to rupture, while the calcified type has the lowest stress values and, consequently, is expected to remain stable. The results could be used in the plaque vulnerability anticipation and have clinical implications in interventions and surgeries, including balloon angioplasty, bypass, and stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Karimi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Karimi A, Navidbakhsh M, Motevalli Haghi A, Faghihi S. Measurement of the uniaxial mechanical properties of rat brains infected by Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2013; 227:609-14. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411913476779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Degenerative and demyelinating diseases are known to alter the mechanical properties of brain tissue. While few studies have characterized these biomechanical changes, it is clear that accurate characterization of the mechanical properties of diseased brain tissue could be a substantial asset to neuronavigation and surgery simulation through haptic devices. In this study, samples of brain tissue from rats infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA, an African murine malaria parasite, are evaluated using a uniaxial tensile test machine. Infected brains having different levels of parasitemia are mounted on the testing machine and extended until failure of the tissue. The stress–strain curve of each sample is obtained and compared to healthy rat brain tissue. Young’s modulus of each sample is extracted from the Hookean part of the stress–strain diagram. Young’s modulus of rats’ brain shows considerable difference among the samples having various levels of parasitemia compared with the controls. For instance, the brains with 0% (control), 1.5%, and 9% parasitemia showed a Young’s modulus of 46.15, 54.54, and 266.67 kPa, respectively. This suggests sequestration of the stiffened and less deformable parasitized red blood cells in the brain microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Karimi
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Navidbakhsh
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Motevalli Haghi
- Medical Parasitology and Mycology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Faghihi
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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34
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Full-field strain measurement and fracture analysis of rat femora in compression test. J Biomech 2013; 46:1282-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Weed BC, Borazjani A, Patnaik SS, Prabhu R, Horstemeyer MF, Ryan PL, Franz T, Williams LN, Liao J. Stress State and Strain Rate Dependence of the Human Placenta. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 40:2255-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Martínez-Martínez F, Lago MA, Rupérez MJ, Monserrat C. Analysis of several biomechanical models for the simulation of lamb liver behaviour using similarity coefficients from medical image. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2012; 16:747-57. [PMID: 22463393 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2011.637492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, six biomechanical models for simulating lamb liver behaviour are presented. They are validated using similarity coefficients from Medical Image on reconstructed volumes from computerised tomography images. In particular, the Jaccard and Hausdorff coefficients are used. Loads of 20 and 40 g are applied to the livers and their deformation is simulated by means of the finite element method. The models used are a linear elastic model, a neo-Hookean model, a Mooney-Rivlin model, an Ogden model, a linear viscoelastic model and a viscohyperelastic model. The model that provided a behaviour that is closest to reality was the viscohyperelastic model, where the hyperelastic part was modelled with an Ogden model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Martínez-Martínez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación en Bioingeniería y Tecnología Orientada al Ser Humano/LabHuman, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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37
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Snow M, Cheung W, Mahmud J, Evans S, Holt C, Wang B, Chizari M. Mechanical assessment of two different methods of tripling hamstring tendons when using suspensory fixation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012; 20:262-7. [PMID: 21779795 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-011-1619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate two different methods of suture fixation and tendon behaviour when using an Endobutton and a tripled tendon. METHODS Thirty bovine tendons and foam blocks were randomly allocated to three groups: group 1: The tendon was doubled through 40-mm Endobutton; group 2: Tripled tendon--whip-stitched with No. 2 Ultrabraid, passed through an Endobutton and third limb secured to the loop via seven knots; and group 3: Tripled tendon--whip-stitched with No. 2 Fibreloop and fixed as group 2. A tunnel matching the graft diameter was drilled through the block. The graft was passed through the tunnel and fixed with an interference screw. The constructs were cycled at 1 Hz from 10 to 50 N for 10 cycles followed by 50-250 N at 1 Hz for 500 cycles. Load-to-failure test was then carried out at a rate of 20 mm/min. A custom digital image capture technique was used to measure and calculate displacement, strain and stress. Statistical analysis was carried out using Kruskal-Wallis test and paired t test. RESULTS There was no statistical significant difference between ultimate tensile strength (UTS) (P = 0.35) and yield load (0.41) between the 3 groups. The mean displacement of the third tendon limb in group 2 was 4.8 mm and in group 3, 1.5 mm. Displacement was not statistically significant (P = 0.07). The mean stress in the third limb versus the doubled portion of tendon in group 2 was 0.4 ± 0.02 versus 4.8 ± 0.52 MPa and in group 3, 0.5 ± 0.03 versus 5.2 ± 0.52 MPa. CONCLUSIONS In this biomechanical study, there was no mechanical difference in the overall properties between a doubled and tripled tendon graft. Significant cyclic elongation occurred in the third limb of the tripled tendon in comparison with the doubled portioned. Further work is needed to determine whether these mechanical findings translate to clinical practice. Caution should be used when tripling hamstring grafts. In particular, tripling small grafts provides no biomechanical advantage immediately and possibly long term, thus potentially increasing the risk of failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn Snow
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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38
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Libertiaux V, Pascon F, Cescotto S. Experimental verification of brain tissue incompressibility using digital image correlation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011; 4:1177-85. [PMID: 21783126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
For decades, incompressibility has been a major assumption in the mechanical study of brain tissue. This assumption is based on the hydrated nature of the biological tissues and the incompressibility of fluids. In this paper, an experimental validation of this assumption using digital image correlation is presented. Unconfined compression tests, relaxation tests and cyclic tests were performed on cylindrical samples of swine brains at loading rates suitable for neurosurgical applications. Digital image correlation was used to evaluate the evolution of the volume ratio throughout the tests. The preparation of the samples is described and it is demonstrated that it causes no statistically significant change of their mechanical properties. The results indicate that the brain tissue incompressibility assumption is verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Libertiaux
- Dpt ArGEnCo, University of Liege, Bat B52, 1 Chemin des Chevreuils, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
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39
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Lister K, Gao Z, Desai JP. Development of in vivo constitutive models for liver: application to surgical simulation. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 39:1060-73. [PMID: 21161684 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-0227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in real-time surgical simulation techniques have provided the ability to utilize more complex nonlinear constitutive models for biological tissues which result in increased haptic and graphic accuracy. When developing such a model, verification is necessary to determine the accuracy of the force response as well as the magnitude of tissue deformation for tool-tissue interactions. In this study, we present an experimental device which provides the ability to obtain force-displacement information as well as surface deformation of porcine liver for in vivo probing tasks. In addition, the system is capable of accurately determining the geometry of the liver specimen. These combined attributes provide the context required to simulate the experiment with accurate boundary conditions, whereby the only variable in the analysis is the material properties of the liver specimen. During the simulation, effects of settling due to gravity have been taken into account by a technique which incorporates the proper internal stress conditions in the model without altering the geometry. Initially, an Ogden model developed from ex vivo tension and compression experimentation is run through the simulation to determine the efficacy of utilizing an ex vivo model for simulation of in vivo probing tasks on porcine liver. Subsequently, a method for improving upon the ex vivo model was developed using different hyperelastic models such that increased accuracy could be achieved for the force characteristics compared to the displacement characteristics, since changes in the force variation would be more perceptible to a user in the simulation environment, while maintaining a high correlation with the surface displacement data. Furthermore, this study also presents the probing simulation which includes the capsule surrounding the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lister
- Robotics, Automation, and Medical Systems Laboratory, Maryland Robotics Center, Institute for Systems Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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40
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Brunon A, Bruyère-Garnier K, Coret M. Mechanical characterization of liver capsule through uniaxial quasi-static tensile tests until failure. J Biomech 2010; 43:2221-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Gao Z, Lister K, Desai JP. Constitutive modeling of liver tissue: experiment and theory. Ann Biomed Eng 2009; 38:505-16. [PMID: 19806457 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-009-9812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Realistic surgical simulation requires incorporation of the mechanical properties of soft tissue in mathematical models. In actual deformation of soft-tissue during surgical intervention, the tissue is subject to tension, compression, and shear. Therefore, characterization and modeling of soft-tissue in all these three deformation modes are necessary. In this paper we applied two types of pure shear test, un-confined compression and uniaxial tension test to characterize porcine liver tissue. Digital image correlation technique was used to accurately measure the tissue deformation field. Due to gravity and its effect on the soft tissue, a maximum stretching band was observed from the relative strain field on sample undergoing tension and pure shear test. The zero strain state was identified according to the position of this maximum stretching band. Two new constitutive models based on combined exponential/logarithmic and Ogden strain energy were proposed. The models are capable to represent the observed non-linear stress-strain relation of liver tissue for full range of tension and compression and also the general response of pure shear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Gao
- Robotics, Automation, Manipulation, and Sensing (RAMS) Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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