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Palani NP, Horvath C, Timshel PN, Folkertsma P, Grønning AGB, Henriksen TI, Peijs L, Jensen VH, Sun W, Jespersen NZ, Wolfrum C, Pers TH, Nielsen S, Scheele C. Adipogenic and SWAT cells separate from a common progenitor in human brown and white adipose depots. Nat Metab 2023; 5:996-1013. [PMID: 37337126 PMCID: PMC10290958 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte function is a major determinant of metabolic disease, warranting investigations of regulating mechanisms. We show at single-cell resolution that progenitor cells from four human brown and white adipose depots separate into two main cell fates, an adipogenic and a structural branch, developing from a common progenitor. The adipogenic gene signature contains mitochondrial activity genes, and associates with genome-wide association study traits for fat distribution. Based on an extracellular matrix and developmental gene signature, we name the structural branch of cells structural Wnt-regulated adipose tissue-resident (SWAT) cells. When stripped from adipogenic cells, SWAT cells display a multipotent phenotype by reverting towards progenitor state or differentiating into new adipogenic cells, dependent on media. Label transfer algorithms recapitulate the cell types in human adipose tissue datasets. In conclusion, we provide a differentiation map of human adipocytes and define the multipotent SWAT cell, providing a new perspective on adipose tissue regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra P Palani
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carla Horvath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pascal N Timshel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- ZS Associates, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pytrik Folkertsma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander G B Grønning
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tora I Henriksen
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Peijs
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Verena H Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Naja Z Jespersen
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Søren Nielsen
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Mathur N, Severinsen MCK, Jensen ME, Naver L, Schrölkamp M, Laye MJ, Watt MJ, Nielsen S, Krogh-Madsen R, Pedersen BK, Scheele C. Human visceral and subcutaneous adipose stem and progenitor cells retain depot-specific adipogenic properties during obesity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:983899. [PMID: 36340033 PMCID: PMC9629396 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.983899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal obesity associates with cardiometabolic disease and an accumulation of lipids in the visceral adipose depot, whereas lipid accumulation in the subcutaneous depot is more benign. We aimed to further investigate whether the adipogenic properties where cell-intrinsic, or dependent on a depot-specific or obesity-produced microenvironment. We obtained visceral and subcutaneous biopsies from non-obese women (n = 14) or women living with morbid obesity (n = 14) and isolated adipose stem and progenitor cells (ASPCs) from the stromal vascular fraction of non-obese (n = 13) and obese (n = 13). Following in vitro differentiation into mature adipocytes, we observed a contrasting pattern with a lower gene expression of adipogenic markers and a higher gene expression of immunogenic markers in the visceral compared to the subcutaneous adipocytes. We identified the immunogenic factor BST2 as a marker for visceral ASPCs. The effect of obesity and insulin resistance on adipogenic and immunogenic markers in the in vitro differentiated cells was minor. In contrast, differentiation with exogenous Tumor necrosis factor resulted in increased immunogenic signatures, including increased expression of BST2, and decreased adipogenic signatures in cells from both depots. Our data, from 26 women, underscore the intrinsic differences between human visceral and subcutaneous adipose stem and progenitor cells, suggest that dysregulation of adipocytes in obesity mainly occurs at a post-progenitor stage, and highlight an inflammatory microenvironment as a major constraint of human adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mathur
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Neha Mathur, ; Mai C. K. Severinsen, ; Camilla Scheele,
| | - Mai C. K. Severinsen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Neha Mathur, ; Mai C. K. Severinsen, ; Camilla Scheele,
| | - Mette E. Jensen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Naver
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Maren Schrölkamp
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew J. Laye
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew J. Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Søren Nielsen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Krogh-Madsen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Neha Mathur, ; Mai C. K. Severinsen, ; Camilla Scheele,
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