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Mathur N, Singh A, Singh N. Force-induced unzipping of DNA in the presence of solvent molecules. Biophys Chem 2024; 307:107175. [PMID: 38244296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The melting of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the presence of solvent molecules is a fundamental process with significant implications for understanding the thermal and mechanical behavior of DNA and its interactions with the surrounding environment. The solvents play an essential role in the structural transformation of DNA subjected to a pulling force. In this study, we simulate the thermal and force induced denaturation of dsDNA and elucidate the solvent dependent melting behavior, identifying key factors that influence the stability of DNA melting in presence of solvent molecules. Using a statistical model, we first find the melting profile of short heterogeneous DNA molecules in the presence of solvent molecules in Force ensemble. We also investigate the effect of solvent's strengths on the melting profile of DNA. In the force ensemble, we consider two homogeneous DNA chains and apply the force on different locations along the chain in the presence of solvent molecules. Different pathways manifest the melting of the molecule in both ensembles, and we found several interesting features of melting DNA in a constant force ensemble, such as lower critical force when the chain is pulled from the base pair close to a solvent molecule. The results provide new insights into the force-induced unzipping of DNA and could be used to develop new methods for controlling the unzipping process. By providing a better understanding of melting and unzipping of dsDNA in the presence of solvent molecules, this study provides valuable guidelines for predicting DNA thermodynamic quantities and for designing DNA nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mathur
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Amar Singh
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani 333031, India.
| | - Navin Singh
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani 333031, India
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Gibson M, Villemure MP, Mathur N, Ko E, Hess BJ, Cupido N, Ross S, Fowler N, Kvern B. Big ideas: Top 4 proposals presented at Family Medicine Forum 2023. Can Fam Physician 2024; 70:87-88. [PMID: 38383022 DOI: 10.46747/cfp.700287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
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Gibson M, Villemure MP, Mathur N, Ko E, Hess BJ, Cupido N, Ross S, Fowler N, Kvern B. Idées audacieuses. Can Fam Physician 2024; 70:91-93. [PMID: 38383020 DOI: 10.46747/cfp.700291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
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Garza MA, Thomas B, Saleh A, Nabbout L, Quigley EM, Mathur N. Look What the Cat Dragged in! Recurrent Clostridioides difficile from a Household Cat. Am J Case Rep 2023; 24:e940923. [PMID: 37885171 PMCID: PMC10616900 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.940923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is a bacterium that is well known for causing serious diarrheal infections and can even lead to colon cancer if left untreated. Disruption of the normal healthy bacteria in the colon can lead to development of C. difficile colitis. Risk factors for C. difficile infections (CDI) include recent antibiotic exposure, hospital or nursing home stays, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or impaired immunity. There is an increasing incidence of community-associated CDI (CA-CDI) in individuals without the common risk factors, which has implicated natural reservoirs, zoonoses, originating from animals such as domestic cats and dogs, livestock, shellfish, and wild animals. CASE REPORT A previously healthy 31-year-old woman with recurrent CA-CDI suspected to be acquired from a household cat represents a novel presentation. The patient had an initial case of severe diarrhea following recent antibiotic exposure, was briefly monitored in hospital, and was diagnosed with CDI. She was trialed on oral vancomycin, which resulted in temporary resolution of her symptoms. Her symptoms recurred, however, and did not improve despite treatment with multiple therapeutic options over a period of months. Ultimately, the patient was not able to achieve long-term resolution of her symptoms until her newly adopted pet cat was treated by a veterinarian. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this case report explores the epidemiologic risk factors of zoonotic CA-CDI and the importance of early identification, evaluation, and prevention of disease. This case demonstrates the significance of thorough history taking, contact (pet) tracing, and proper treatment of recurrent CA-CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Garza
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Braden Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adam Saleh
- Department of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lara Nabbout
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eamonn M.M. Quigley
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neha Mathur
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Mathur N, Singh N. Melting of dsDNA attached with AuNPs. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2023; 46:58. [PMID: 37477744 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
DNA-linked gold nanoparticles (DNA-AuNPs) are combined nanomaterials that contain the optical and electronic properties of AuNPs with the unique functions of DNA. These hybrid systems are used in various nanobiotechnology, medical, and pharmaceutical sciences (Löwe et al. in FEBS J 287(23):5039, 2020; Speer et al. in Annu Rev Biophys 51:267, 2022). In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in studying the behavior of DNA-AuNPs in the presence of molecular solvents. In the present work, we study the thermal melting of DNA-linked gold nanoparticles (DNA-AuNP). In the first part of the study, we find the melting profile of short heterogeneous DNA-linked AuNP in the presence of solvent in the solution. We also study the effect of the location of the gold nanoparticle attached to the DNA molecule. In this case, we move the location of the AuNP from one end to the other. We found that while the melting temperature is susceptible to the location of the AuNP when it is near the ends, there is a region in the middle section of the chain where the melting temperature remains constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mathur
- BITS-Pilani, Pilani Campus, 333031, Pilani, India.
| | - Navin Singh
- BITS-Pilani, Pilani Campus, 333031, Pilani, India
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Kumar S, Singh S, Mathur N, Roy P, Joshi H. Titania Nanorod-Supported Mercaptoundecanoic Acid-Grafted Palladium Nanoparticles as a Highly Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Substrate-Dependent Ullmann Coupling and Debromination of Aryl Bromides. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3993-4002. [PMID: 36802522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, by implanting palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) onto titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods (NRs) through 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA), we devised a robust heterogeneous catalyst. The formation of Pd-MUA-TiO2 nanocomposites (NCs) was authenticated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Pd NPs were synthesized directly onto TiO2 nanorods without the MUA support for comparative studies. As a means of evaluating the endurance and competency of Pd-MUA-TiO2 NCs compared to their counterpart (Pd-TiO2 NCs), both were used as the heterogeneous catalyst for Ullmann coupling of a wide variety of aryl bromides. When Pd-MUA-TiO2 NCs were used, the reaction produced high yields of homocoupled products (54-88%), whereas the yield was only 76% when Pd-TiO2 NCs were used. Moreover, Pd-MUA-TiO2 NCs impressed with their outstanding reusability property, allowing over 14 reaction cycles without losing efficiency. On the flip side, just after seven reaction cycles, the productivity of Pd-TiO2 NCs dropped around 50%. Presumably, the strong affinity of Pd for the thiol groups of MUA allowed for the substantial control of leaching out of Pd NPs during the reaction. Nonetheless, another crucial feature of the catalyst is that the di-debromination reaction took place with an excellent yield of 68-84% from di-aryl bromides with long alkyl chains instead of macrocyclic or dimerized products. It is worth mentioning that AAS data confirmed that only 0.30 mol % catalyst loading was sufficient to activate a broad substrate scope with large functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Sohan Singh
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Neha Mathur
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Hemant Joshi
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
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Mathur N, Severinsen MCK, Jensen ME, Naver L, Schrölkamp M, Laye MJ, Watt MJ, Nielsen S, Krogh-Madsen R, Pedersen BK, Scheele C. Human visceral and subcutaneous adipose stem and progenitor cells retain depot-specific adipogenic properties during obesity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:983899. [PMID: 36340033 PMCID: PMC9629396 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.983899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal obesity associates with cardiometabolic disease and an accumulation of lipids in the visceral adipose depot, whereas lipid accumulation in the subcutaneous depot is more benign. We aimed to further investigate whether the adipogenic properties where cell-intrinsic, or dependent on a depot-specific or obesity-produced microenvironment. We obtained visceral and subcutaneous biopsies from non-obese women (n = 14) or women living with morbid obesity (n = 14) and isolated adipose stem and progenitor cells (ASPCs) from the stromal vascular fraction of non-obese (n = 13) and obese (n = 13). Following in vitro differentiation into mature adipocytes, we observed a contrasting pattern with a lower gene expression of adipogenic markers and a higher gene expression of immunogenic markers in the visceral compared to the subcutaneous adipocytes. We identified the immunogenic factor BST2 as a marker for visceral ASPCs. The effect of obesity and insulin resistance on adipogenic and immunogenic markers in the in vitro differentiated cells was minor. In contrast, differentiation with exogenous Tumor necrosis factor resulted in increased immunogenic signatures, including increased expression of BST2, and decreased adipogenic signatures in cells from both depots. Our data, from 26 women, underscore the intrinsic differences between human visceral and subcutaneous adipose stem and progenitor cells, suggest that dysregulation of adipocytes in obesity mainly occurs at a post-progenitor stage, and highlight an inflammatory microenvironment as a major constraint of human adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mathur
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Neha Mathur, ; Mai C. K. Severinsen, ; Camilla Scheele,
| | - Mai C. K. Severinsen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Neha Mathur, ; Mai C. K. Severinsen, ; Camilla Scheele,
| | - Mette E. Jensen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Naver
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Maren Schrölkamp
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew J. Laye
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew J. Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Søren Nielsen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Krogh-Madsen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Neha Mathur, ; Mai C. K. Severinsen, ; Camilla Scheele,
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Sergeant M, Webster R, Varangu L, Rao A, Kandasamy S, Rampton M, Mathur N, Hategan A. Identifying Opportunities for Greenhouse Gas Reductions and Cost Savings in Hospitals: A Knowledge Translation Tree. Healthc Q 2022; 25:18-24. [PMID: 36412524 DOI: 10.12927/hcq.2022.26946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that the healthcare sector is among the least green sectors and constitutes one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, posing risks to human health. This review discusses the development of a knowledge translation tool that aims to compare a range of interventions that can be applied in hospital settings to reduce the local GHG emissions and associated financial costs. It discusses several interventions that potentially have the most impact on GHG reduction and compares these to interventions that are commonly used in different hospital departments. The authors propose opportunities to advance the implementation of these interventions within hospital operations across many other geographic locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles Sergeant
- A family physician at Hamilton Health Sciences and an assistant clinical professor in the Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University in Hamilton, ON. He is also the partnership lead of PEACH Health Ontario. His research interests include climate change and health and knowledge mobilization. Myles can be reached by e-mail at
| | - Richard Webster
- Is the data science team lead and clinical researcher at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute in Ottawa, ON, and a big data expert at the Ontario Child Health Support Unit
| | - Linda Varangu
- Climate Change, for the Canadian Coalition for Green Health Care, climate lead for PEACH Health Ontario, in Branchton ON, and a program advisor for CASCADES (Creating a Sustainable Canadian Health System in a Climate Crisis)
| | - Anita Rao
- An anesthesiologist at Trillium Health Partners in Mississauga, ON, and the environmental sustainability working group lead at Ontario's Anesthesiologists
| | - Sujane Kandasamy
- A postdoctoral researcher at Brock University in St. Catherine's ON, and a research collaborator at McMaster University in Hamilton, ON. She is the co-founder and director of Education at The Starfish and the knowledge translation lead at PEACH Health Ontario
| | - Madeline Rampton
- A medical doctoral candidate at the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine in Hamilton, ON
| | - Neha Mathur
- A medical doctoral candidate at the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine in Hamilton, ON
| | - Ana Hategan
- A geriatric psychiatrist and clinical professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McMaster University in Hamilton, ON
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Mathur N, Bhatt H, Lidstone SC. Neuropsychiatric Treatments for Parkinson's Disease: Nonpharmacological Approaches. Semin Neurol 2022; 42:158-167. [PMID: 35114693 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1742266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although diagnosed by characteristic motor features, Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders are frequently accompanied by a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms that require a multidisciplinary approach for treatment. Neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety and cognitive symptoms strongly influence quality of life, motor symptoms, and non-motor bodily symptoms. This review summarizes our current understanding of the neuropsychiatric symptoms in movement disorders and discusses the evidence base for treatments focusing on rehabilitation and nonpharmacological approaches. A practical approach is then proposed for patient selection for specific treatments based on disease stage. The article focuses mostly on Parkinson's disease as a prototypical movement disorder with the largest evidence base but the principles discussed herein are applicable to a range of other movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mathur
- Integrated Movement Disorders Program, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haseel Bhatt
- Integrated Movement Disorders Program, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology Toronto Western Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah C Lidstone
- Integrated Movement Disorders Program, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology Toronto Western Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kumar A, Gupta R, Mathur N, Iyer VK, Thulkar S, Prasad CP, Das P, Rani L, Maqbool M, Shukla NK, Pal S, Sundar D, Sharma A. Microarray based gene expression profiling of advanced gall bladder cancer. Exp Oncol 2020; 42:277-284. [PMID: 33355862 DOI: 10.32471/exp-oncology.2312-8852.vol-42-no-4.15476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive cancer with specific predilection like female gender and specific geographical areas, however the molecular mechanisms and factors contributing to the clinical or biological behavior are not understood. AIM The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes in advanced GBC and chronic cholecystitis (CC) cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microarray was planned on fresh specimens of advanced GBC and CC cases using single color cRNA based microarray technique (8X60K format; Agilent Technologies, USA). Twelve advanced GBC and four CC patients were included in the study. RESULTS Of the total of 1307 differentially expressed genes, 535 genes were significantly upregulated, while 772 genes were significantly downregulated in advanced GBC vs CC samples. Differentially expressed genes were associated with biological processes (55.03%), cellular components (31.48%), and molecular functions (13.49%) respectively. The important pathways or key processes affected were cell cycle, DNA replication, oxidative stress, gastric cancer pathway. Using in silico analysis tools, three differentially expressed genes i.e. TPX2, Cdc45 and MCM4 were selected (for their significant role in DNA replication and microtubule function) and were further validated in 20 advanced GBC cohort by immunohistochemistry. Significant positive association of Cdc45 and MCM4 proteins was found in advanced GBC cases (p = 0.043), suggesting the probable oncogenic role of Cdc45 and MCM4 proteins in advanced GBC. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate the potential regulation of Cdc45-MCM4 axis in advanced GBC tumors. Additionally, our study also revealed a range of differentially expressed genes (e.g. TPX2, AKURA etc.) between GBC and CC, and further validation of these genes might provide a potential diagnostic or therapeutic target in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Dr. B.R.A., Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - R Gupta
- Dr. B.R.A., Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - N Mathur
- Dr. B.R.A., Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - V K Iyer
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - S Thulkar
- Dr. B.R.A., Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - C P Prasad
- Dr. B.R.A., Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - P Das
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - L Rani
- Dr. B.R.A., Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - M Maqbool
- Dr. B.R.A., Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - N K Shukla
- Dr. B.R.A., Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - S Pal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - D Sundar
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - A Sharma
- Dr. B.R.A., Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Mathur N, Jain N, Sharma A. Biocidal Activities of Substituted Benzothiazole of Copper Surfactants over Candida albicans & Trichoderma harziamunon on Muller Hinton Agar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1874844901805010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Heterocyclic complexes in the current era are aimed at evaluating as new products that possess wide biological, pharmacological, agricultural, medicinal, industrial applications and many more highly significant uses. Although they have been known from long ago for their great biocidal significance, still the researchers pay a great attention for profiling the pharmacological view of novel macrocycles like benzothiazoles. Increasing number of microbial infectious diseases and resistant pathogens create a demand and urgency to develop novel, potent, safe and improved variety of antimicrobial agents.
Objective:
This initiates a task for current chemistry to synthesize compounds that show promising activity as therapeutic agents with lower toxicity. It is very necessary to introduce new and biologically safe and active drugs eco-friendly in nature and effective as antimicrobial agents.
Methods:
Transition metal complexes share an important place in this regards. Therefore in this paper we report the synthesis and characterization of transition metal complex of N/S ligand by FT-IR, NMR, ESR, elemental analysis, conductometric and magnetic moment measurements. The synthesized metal complexes were successfully investigated for biological activities namely antifungal.
Results:
Based on the results we pronounced biocidal activities of the novel complexes. Concerned complexes contribute diverse applications by being more economical, harmless, non -toxic and eco-environmental friendly.
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Pednekar MS, Nagler EM, Gupta PC, Pawar PS, Mathur N, Adhikari K, Codeira LS, Stoddard AM, Sorensen G. Scaling up a tobacco control intervention in low resource settings: a case example for school teachers in India. Health Educ Res 2018; 33:218-231. [PMID: 29757377 PMCID: PMC5961014 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Research on processes of bringing effective tobacco control interventions to scale to increase quit rates among tobacco users is uncommon. This study examines processes to bring to scale one such intervention for school teachers, i.e. Tobacco Free Teacher-Tobacco Free Society (TFT-TFS). This intervention provides a foundation for an effective and low cost approach to promote cessation through schools. The present study was conducted in the states of Bihar and Maharashtra in 2014 using quantitative and qualitative methods. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were analysed using immersion crystallization method. The data presented are from a survey of 291 principals and seven FGDs. This study examined characteristics of principals and teachers, organizational environment, external environmental factors and program characteristics to determine facilitators and barriers for successful dissemination and implementation of the TFT-TFS program. Some facilitators were, incorporation of the program in existing channels like staff meetings and trainings, certification and recognition by the department of education; while some barriers were routine time bound duties (mainly teaching) of teachers and prevalence of tobacco use among teachers and administrators. Principals and teachers expressed a need and high level of interest in the adoption and implementation of the TFT-TFS program in their schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Pednekar
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400701, Maharashtra, India
| | - E M Nagler
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Center for Community-Based Research, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - P C Gupta
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400701, Maharashtra, India
| | - P S Pawar
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400701, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Mathur
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400701, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Adhikari
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400701, Maharashtra, India
| | - L S Codeira
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Center for Community-Based Research, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A M Stoddard
- Biostatistical Consultant, Pelham, MA 01002, USA
| | - G Sorensen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Center for Community-Based Research, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Corona J, Patel A, Frazier R, Mathur N, Stauch C, Ajumobi A, Lapey S, Lunsford T, Poy I. Ascites Module for Third-Year Medical Students: Group-Based Learning Workshop on the Diagnosis, Workup, and Management of Ascites. MedEdPORTAL 2017; 13:10546. [PMID: 30800748 PMCID: PMC6342229 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As medical students transition from didactic courses to clinical rotations, they will frequently encounter patients with cirrhosis and ascites. It is paramount that they have a firm foundation of how to diagnose ascites and perform a proper diagnostic workup in order to understand the etiology and therefore the proper management. This module is designed as a group-based, interactive learning workshop for those transitioning students. METHODS The session begins with the students obtaining a pertinent history of a standardized patient case. The students are then divided into four groups and rotate through four stations: physical examination, diagnostic studies, paracentesis, and ascitic fluid analysis. Each station is designed for up to 10-12 students and typically lasts 20 minutes. After all of the students have rotated through each station, they reconvene to review ascites management, case conclusions, and summary. The total time allocated for this module is 125 minutes for 40-48 students. RESULTS Postmodule evaluations by the students showed a high level of satisfaction and improvement in the students' fund of knowledge and clinical skills. Evaluations completed by the students after each workshop revealed more than 95% either agreeing or strongly agreeing with the learning objectives being clear, the learning materials being effective, overall satisfaction with the learning material and teaching, and having a better understanding of the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of ascites. DISCUSSION Through this team-based interactive module, students obtain clinical and hands-on experience that better prepares them for their clinical rotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Corona
- Third-year Medical Student, University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio
- Corresponding author:
| | - Akit Patel
- Advanced Gastroenterology Fellow, University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio
| | - Rosita Frazier
- Gastroenterology Fellow, University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio
| | - Neha Mathur
- Gastroenterology Fellow, University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio
| | - Christopher Stauch
- Gastroenterology Fellow, University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio
| | - Adewale Ajumobi
- Gastroenterology Fellow, University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio
| | - Sarah Lapey
- Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio
| | - Tisha Lunsford
- Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio
- Gastroenterology Fellowship Program Director, University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio
| | - Isela Poy
- Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio
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Singh P, Mathur N, Vyas S, Pareekh P. Early Stage Adenocarcinoma of Cervix with Ovarian Micrometastasis. J Midlife Health 2017; 8:194-195. [PMID: 29307984 PMCID: PMC5753503 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_52_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of cervix is a rare malignancy of cervix. It is an aggressive tumor with a high incidence of metastasis. Ovarian metastasis in early stage adenocarcinoma is rare. Metastasis is usually seen when there is some other coexisting finding. In premenopausal patient and low-risk category, ovarian metastasis is very rare. Early stage adenocarcinoma of cervix can rarely present with ovarian metastasis. Thus, radical surgery with oophorectomy is an aggressive but practical approach in these patients but may not warrant removal in all cases. Ovarian metastasis places these patients at a higher stage. The management of these cases is not standardized, and prognosis is generally good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | | | - Puneet Pareekh
- Department of Radiotherapy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Mathur N, Glesk I, Buis A. Thermal time constant: optimising the skin temperature predictive modelling in lower limb prostheses using Gaussian processes. Healthc Technol Lett 2016; 3:98-104. [PMID: 27695626 PMCID: PMC5034408 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2015.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated skin temperature at the body/device interface of lower-limb prostheses is one of the major factors that affect tissue health. The heat dissipation in prosthetic sockets is greatly influenced by the thermal conductive properties of the hard socket and liner material employed. However, monitoring of the interface temperature at skin level in lower-limb prosthesis is notoriously complicated. This is due to the flexible nature of the interface liners used which requires consistent positioning of sensors during donning and doffing. Predicting the residual limb temperature by monitoring the temperature between socket and liner rather than skin and liner could be an important step in alleviating complaints on increased temperature and perspiration in prosthetic sockets. To predict the residual limb temperature, a machine learning algorithm – Gaussian processes is employed, which utilizes the thermal time constant values of commonly used socket and liner materials. This Letter highlights the relevance of thermal time constant of prosthetic materials in Gaussian processes technique which would be useful in addressing the challenge of non-invasively monitoring the residual limb skin temperature. With the introduction of thermal time constant, the model can be optimised and generalised for a given prosthetic setup, thereby making the predictions more reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mathur
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering , University of Strathclyde , 204 George Street , Glasgow G1 1XW , UK
| | - Ivan Glesk
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering , University of Strathclyde , 204 George Street , Glasgow G1 1XW , UK
| | - Arjan Buis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G4 0NW , UK
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Mathur N, Glesk I, Buis A. Comparison of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and Gaussian processes for machine learning (GPML) algorithms for the prediction of skin temperature in lower limb prostheses. Med Eng Phys 2016; 38:1083-9. [PMID: 27452775 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of the interface temperature at skin level in lower-limb prosthesis is notoriously complicated. This is due to the flexible nature of the interface liners used impeding the required consistent positioning of the temperature sensors during donning and doffing. Predicting the in-socket residual limb temperature by monitoring the temperature between socket and liner rather than skin and liner could be an important step in alleviating complaints on increased temperature and perspiration in prosthetic sockets. In this work, we propose to implement an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference strategy (ANFIS) to predict the in-socket residual limb temperature. ANFIS belongs to the family of fused neuro fuzzy system in which the fuzzy system is incorporated in a framework which is adaptive in nature. The proposed method is compared to our earlier work using Gaussian processes for machine learning. By comparing the predicted and actual data, results indicate that both the modeling techniques have comparable performance metrics and can be efficiently used for non-invasive temperature monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mathur
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 204 George Street, Glasgow G11XW, UK .
| | - Ivan Glesk
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 204 George Street, Glasgow G11XW, UK
| | - Arjan Buis
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G40NW, UK
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18
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Mathur N, Pednekar M, Sorensen G, Nagler E, Stoddard A, Lando H, Aghi M, Sinha D, Gupta P. Adoption and Implementation of Tobacco Control Policies in Schools in India: Results of the Bihar School Teachers Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:2821-2826. [PMID: 27356696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementation of no tobacco policies in schools is associated with lower tobacco use among teachers and students. In this study we assessed the extent that a school-based intervention for teachers resulted in adoption and implementation of tobacco control policies. From a random sample of government schools (8th-10th), 72 were randomized into intervention and control conditions. Intervention included health education programs for teachers and support for tobacco control policy implementation. Adoption and implementation of policies were assessed at baseline and immediately after intervention. All 36 intervention and one control school adopted a tobacco-control policy. Higher enforcement of tobacco-control policy was at post intervention (OR=3.26; CI: 2.35, 4.54) compared to baseline in intervention schools. Some 64% of intervention and 28% control schools showed "improvement" in policy implementation. Adoption and implementation of no tobacco policies was positively impacted by intervention. This study provides support for scaling up of school-based tobacco control interventions to promote school tobacco control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mathur
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India E-mail :
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19
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Abstract
The current standard of care for hepatitis C therapy is the combination of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents. These orally administered medications target the viral proteins and halt the hepatitis C virus lifecycle. Despite high cure rates with these novel drugs, virologic failure with DAAs are of mounting concern as real-world sustained virologic response 12 rates seem lower than expected. The mechanisms of virologic failure to DAAs are likely multifactorial, including baseline resistance variants, the efficacy of the agents used, and host factors. Salvage therapy for DAA virologic failures is an area of emerging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Costilla
- Department of Hepatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Neha Mathur
- Department of Hepatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Julio A Gutierrez
- Department of Hepatology, The Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 607 Camden, San Antonio, TX 78215, USA.
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20
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Nagler EM, Sinha DN, Pednekar MS, Stoddard AM, Gupta PC, Mathur N, Lando H, Aghi M, Cordeira LS, Viswanath K, Sorensen G. Social contextual factors and tobacco use among Indian teachers: insights from the Bihar School Teachers' Study. Prev Med 2015; 74:24-30. [PMID: 25657167 PMCID: PMC4617324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco use within India has significant effects on the global burden of tobacco-related disease. As role models and opinion leaders, teachers are at the forefront of tobacco control efforts, yet little is known about their own tobacco use. This study examines the association between factors in the social environment and tobacco use among teachers in Bihar, India. METHODS The study was based on the Bihar School Teachers' Study baseline survey. Seventy-two Bihar government schools (grades 8-10) were randomly selected for the study and all school personnel were invited to complete the survey in June/July in 2009 and 2010. We assessed the relation between social contextual factors and current smoking/smokeless tobacco use by fitting a series of logistic regression models. RESULTS After controlling for clustering of teachers in schools and other covariates, our results showed teachers with one or more coworkers who used tobacco were twice as likely to be smokeless tobacco users as teachers with no co-workers who used tobacco. Teachers who reported rules prohibiting smoking at home were significantly less likely to smoke than teachers without such rules. Older male teachers also had significantly greater odds of smoking/using smokeless tobacco. CONCLUSION These findings provide direction for future interventions targeting the social context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve M Nagler
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Community Based Research, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 677 Huntington Avenue-7th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Dhirendra N Sinha
- WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, Indraprastha Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Mangesh S Pednekar
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute For Public Health, 501, Technocity, Plot-X-4/5, TTC Industrial Area, Mahape, Navi Mumbai, Pin code-400701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anne M Stoddard
- New England Research Institutes, 480 Pleasant Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Prakash C Gupta
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute For Public Health, 501, Technocity, Plot-X-4/5, TTC Industrial Area, Mahape, Navi Mumbai, Pin code-400701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Mathur
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute For Public Health, 501, Technocity, Plot-X-4/5, TTC Industrial Area, Mahape, Navi Mumbai, Pin code-400701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harry Lando
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, 1300S. 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Mira Aghi
- Freelance Behavioral Scientist, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Laura Shulman Cordeira
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Community Based Research, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - K Viswanath
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Community Based Research, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 677 Huntington Avenue-7th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Glorian Sorensen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Community Based Research, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 677 Huntington Avenue-7th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Sharma P, Mathur N, Singh A, Sogani M, Bhatnagar P, Atri R, Pareek S. Monitoring hospital wastewaters for their probable genotoxicity and mutagenicity. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:4180. [PMID: 25487460 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Excluding the genetic factors, environmental factors, mainly the pollutants, have been implicated in the causation of the majority of cancers. Wastewater originated from health-care sectors such as hospitals may carry vast amounts of carcinogenic and genotoxic chemicals to surface waters or any other source of drinking water, if discharged untreated. Humans get exposed to such contaminants through a variety of ways including drinking water. The aim of the present study was, thus, to monitor the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of wastewaters from three big hospitals located in Jaipur (Rajasthan), India. One of them was operating an effluent treatment plant (ETP) for treatment of its wastewater and therefore both the untreated and treated effluents from this hospital were studied for their genotoxicity. Two short-term bacterial bioassays namely the Salmonella fluctuation assay and the SOS chromotest were used for the purpose. Results of fluctuation assay revealed the highly genotoxic nature of all untreated effluent samples with mutagenicity ratios (MR) up to 23.13 ± 0.18 and 42.25 ± 0.35 as measured with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, respectively. As determined with the chromotest, all untreated effluents produced significant induction factors (IF) ranging from 3.29 ± 1.11 to 13.35 ± 3.58 at higher concentrations. In contrast, treated effluent samples were found to be slightly genotoxic in fluctuation test only with an MR = 3.75 ± 0.35 for TA100 at 10 % concentration. Overall, the results indicated that proper treatment of hospital wastewaters may render the effluents safe for disposal contrary to the untreated ones, possessing high genotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302004, India,
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Abstract
Increased temperature and perspiration within a prosthetic socket is a common complaint of many amputees. The heat dissipation in prosthetic sockets is greatly influenced by the thermal conductive properties of the socket and interface liner materials. These materials influence the body's temperature regulation mechanism and might be the reason for thermal discomfort in prosthetic sockets. Monitoring interface temperature at skin level is notoriously complicated. The problem might be considered notorious because embedding wires and sensors in an elastomer eventually results in elastomer failures because of the high strain induced when donning a liner (amputees roll the liners onto their limbs). Another reason is because placing sensors and wires directly against the skin could cause irritation and chaffing over just a short period of time. We describe a route wherein if the thermal properties of the socket and liner materials are known, the in-socket residual limb temperature could be accurately predicted by monitoring the temperature between socket and liner rather than skin and liner using the Gaussian process technique.
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Gupta P, Mathur P, Mathur N, Aarya B. A comparative study of the sensitivities of Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 to hospital waste waters. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2014; 93:95-100. [PMID: 24718501 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hospitals are a release source of many chemical compounds in their wastewaters. In the present study Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 were analyzed for their sensitivity to hospital waste waters. The results of the study showed that hospital waste waters consists of mutagens causing frame shift mutations and base pair substitutions and amongst the three strains used in this study, TA 102 was most effective which along with TA 98 can be used for quick assessment of genotoxicity of hospital waste waters prior to its discharge. Genotoxic potential of hospital waste waters from five major hospitals located in Jaipur and Delhi was studied. Such waste waters should be treated prior to their discharge. The results of this study call for further detailed study in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Gupta
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Zoology, The IIS University, Jaipur, 302020, India,
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Nielsen S, Hvid T, Kelly M, Lindegaard B, Dethlefsen C, Winding K, Mathur N, Scheele C, Pedersen BK, Laye MJ. Muscle specific miRNAs are induced by testosterone and independently upregulated by age. Front Physiol 2014; 4:394. [PMID: 24478708 PMCID: PMC3899547 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age dependent decline in skeletal muscle function leads to impaired metabolic flexibility in elderly individuals. Physical activity and testosterone treatment have proven efficient strategies for delaying this condition. However, a common molecular pathway has not been identified. Muscle specific miRNAs (myomiRs) regulate metabolic pathways in skeletal muscle, are regulated by physical activity, and have response elements for testosterone in their promoter region. We therefore hypothesized that myomiRs would be regulated in skeletal muscle during aging. We further investigated any potential gender-dependent regulation of these miRNAs. We found that the myomiRs miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-133b were increased in skeletal muscle of elderly men compared to younger men. In addition, miR-133a/133b expression was markedly higher in women compared to men. Elimination of circulating testosterone in men was associated with lower levels of miR-133a and miR-133b. A positive regulatory effect of testosterone on miR-133a/133b expression was confirmed in castrated male C57BL/6J mice and in a model of primary human myocytes. Yet, an improvement of fitness level in the testosterone depleted men resulted in a down-regulation of miR133a/b. In conclusion, alterations in fitness level and circulating testosterone seem to represent two independent regulatory events where testosterone is a specific regulator of miR-133a/b expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thine Hvid
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meghan Kelly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Lindegaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Dethlefsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Winding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Neha Mathur
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew J Laye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark ; The Buck Institute for Research on Aging Novato, CA, USA
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Pant N, Pant AB, Chaturvedi PK, Shukla M, Mathur N, Gupta YK, Saxena DK. Semen quality of environmentally exposed human population: the toxicological consequence. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2013; 20:8274-8281. [PMID: 23690079 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Human data on the relationship of semen quality with pesticide and metals are mostly inconsistent. The purpose of the study is to confirm the toxicity of organochlorine pesticide β- and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), DDE and DDD, and metals lead or cadmium on sperm motility in epidemiological study among fertile and infertile men and to determine whether in vivo and in vitro results are in the same direction. Semen analysis and estimation of the toxicants were done in 60 fertile and 150 infertile men. In the in vitro studies, sperm were exposed to the highest levels of these toxicants found in vivo, as well as five and ten times higher, and to the mixture of all compounds. The study assesses sperm viability and motility for a period ranging between 30 min and 96 h. Epidemiological data showed an inverse correlation of toxicant with sperm motility. In vitro study showed that γ-HCH and lead after 12 h, cadmium after 8 h, and coexposure to toxicants after 6 h of exposure caused significant concentration- and duration-dependent decline in sperm motility. Data of in vitro study were concurrent with epidemiological finding that might be useful in establishing the possible association between exposure and effect of these selected pollutants on sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Pant
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India,
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Broholm C, Mathur N, Hvid T, Grøndahl TS, Frøsig C, Pedersen BK, Lindegaard B. Insulin signaling in skeletal muscle of HIV-infected patients in response to endurance and strength training. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00060. [PMID: 24303139 PMCID: PMC3835015 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with lipodystrophy have decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Both endurance and resistance training improve insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle of HIV-infected patients, but the mechanisms are unknown. This study aims to identify the molecular pathways involved in the beneficial effects of training on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle of HIV-infected patients. Eighteen sedentary male HIV-infected patients underwent a 16 week supervised training intervention, either resistance or strength training. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps with muscle biopsies were performed before and after the training interventions. Fifteen age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched HIV-negative men served as a sedentary baseline group. Phosphorylation and total protein expression of insulin signaling molecules as well as glycogen synthase (GS) activity were analyzed in skeletal muscle biopsies in relation to insulin stimulation before and after training. HIV-infected patients had reduced basal and insulin-stimulated GS activity (%fractional velocity, [FV]) as well as impaired insulin-stimulated Akt(thr308) phosphorylation. Despite improving insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, neither endurance nor strength training changed the phosphorylation status of insulin signaling proteins or affected GS activity. However; endurance training markedly increased the total Akt protein expression, and both training modalities increased hexokinase II (HKII) protein. HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy have decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and defects in insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt(thr308). Endurance and strength training increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in these patients, and the muscular training adaptation is associated with improved capacity for phosphorylation of glucose by HKII, rather than changes in markers of insulin signaling to glucose uptake or glycogen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Broholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sharma P, Kumar M, Mathur N, Singh A, Bhatnagar P, Sogani M. Health care industries: potential generators of genotoxic waste. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2013; 20:5160-5167. [PMID: 23361179 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Health care waste includes all the waste generated by health care establishments, research facilities, and laboratories. This constitutes a variety of chemical substances, such as pharmaceuticals, radionuclides, solvents, and disinfectants. Recently, scientists and environmentalists have discovered that wastewater produced by hospitals possesses toxic properties due to various toxic chemicals and pharmaceuticals capable of causing environmental impacts and even lethal effects to organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Many of these compounds resist normal wastewater treatment and end up in surface waters. Besides aquatic organisms, humans can be exposed through drinking water produced from contaminated surface water. Indeed, some of the substances found in wastewaters are genotoxic and are suspected to be potential contributors to certain cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of wastewaters from two hospitals and three clinical diagnostic centers located in Jaipur (Rajasthan State), India using the prokaryotic Salmonella mutagenicity assay (Ames assay) and the eukaryotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae respiration inhibition assay. In the Ames assay, untreated wastewaters from both of the health care sectors resulted in significantly increased numbers of revertant colonies up to 1,000-4,050 as measured by the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains (with and without metabolic activation) after exposure to undiluted samples, which indicated the highly genotoxic nature of these wastewaters. Furthermore, both hospital and diagnostic samples were found to be highly cytotoxic. Effective concentrations at which 20 % (EC20) and 50 % (EC50) inhibition of the respiration rate of the cells occurred ranged between ~0.00 and 0.52 % and between 0.005 and 41.30 % (calculated with the help of the MS excel software XLSTAT 2012.1.01; Addinsoft), respectively, as determined by the S. cerevisiae assay. The results indicated that hospital wastewaters contain genotoxic and cytotoxic components. In addition, diagnostic centers also represent small but significant sources of genotoxic and cytotoxic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004, Rajasthan, India.
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Jespersen NZ, Larsen TJ, Peijs L, Daugaard S, Homøe P, Loft A, de Jong J, Mathur N, Cannon B, Nedergaard J, Pedersen BK, Møller K, Scheele C. A classical brown adipose tissue mRNA signature partly overlaps with brite in the supraclavicular region of adult humans. Cell Metab 2013; 17:798-805. [PMID: 23663743 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been detected in adults but was recently suggested to be of brite/beige origin. We collected BAT from the supraclavicular region in 21 patients undergoing surgery for suspected cancer in the neck area and assessed the gene expression of established murine markers for brown, brite/beige, and white adipocytes. We demonstrate that a classical brown expression signature, including upregulation of miR-206, miR-133b, LHX8, and ZIC1 and downregulation of HOXC8 and HOXC9, coexists with an upregulation of two newly established brite/beige markers, TBX1 and TMEM26. A similar mRNA expression profile was observed when comparing isolated human adipocytes from BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) depots, differentiated in vitro. In conclusion, our data suggest that human BAT might consist of both classical brown and recruitable brite adipocytes, an observation important for future considerations on how to induce human BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naja Zenius Jespersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mathur N, Heda LC, Mathur VK, Saxena P. Study of CLSI-M44-A Disk Diffusion Method for Determining the Susceptibility of Candida Species against Novel Complexes Derived from Copper Stearate with 2-Amino Benzothiazoles. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The study of binuclear complexes of copper(II) is a very active and highly interesting field due to their significance in bioinorganic chemistry, magneto chemistry, material science, superconductivity and multi electron redox chemistry. Due to the surface-active properties of copper(II) stearate with 2-aminobenzothiazole, the complexes exhibit many applications in agrochemical industries as dispersing agents, foaming and wetting agents. In the present investigation solid complexes of Cu(II) stearate with 2-amino-6-methoxybenzothiazole and 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and their IR, NMR, ESR spectral studies. All the synthesized complexes are coloured and their purity was checked by Thin Layer Chromatography.
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Mathur N, Ojha KG, Imran A, Pooja S. Viscometric Behaviour and Micellization of Complexes of Copper (II) Stearate with N-donor Heterocyclic Dyes. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Colloido-chemical behavior of copper (II) stearate and N-donor ligands in benzene-methanol mixture of varying composition has been investigated by viscometric measurements. The critical micelle concentration values depend upon the composition of solvent mixture and are to be found in close agreement with each other. The general trend observed is that the viscometric parameters with concentration are quite different and the plots are obtained with curvature at a definite concentration corresponding to critical micelle concentration at which there is marked change in the aggregation of the complex molecules. The results of phenylthiourea and benzothiazole complexes in regards to solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions in mixed solvent systems have been discussed in terms of the equations proposed by Moulik and Jones-Dole. The complexes were synthesized with N-donor ligands and copper (II) stearate and characterized by their elemental analysis, molecular weight, melting point, IR and NMR spectral studies. Due to the surface-active properties of copper stearate, the complexes show remarkable applications in industries and are used as emulsifiers, dispersing agents, foaming and wetting agents. N-donor ability of ligands make them useful as intermediates for many organic compounds such as colorants, agrochemical and pharmaceutical. They are good antiviral, antibacterial and antimalerial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Mathur
- Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, S.D. Govt. College, Beawar – 305901, Rajasthan, India
| | - K. G. Ojha
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, MDS University, Ajmer
| | - A. Imran
- Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, S.D. Govt. College, Beawar – 305901, Rajasthan, India
| | - S. Pooja
- Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, S.D. Govt. College, Beawar – 305901, Rajasthan, India
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Kesavachandran C, Pangtey BS, Bihari V, Fareed M, Pathak MK, Srivastava AK, Mathur N. Particulate matter concentration in ambient air and its effects on lung functions among residents in the National Capital Region, India. Environ Monit Assess 2013; 185:1265-1272. [PMID: 22527464 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has estimated that air pollution is responsible for 1.4 % of all deaths and 0.8 % of disability-adjusted life years. NOIDA, located at the National Capital Region, India, was declared as one of the critically air-polluted areas by the Central Pollution Control Board of the Government of India. Studies on the relationship of reduction in lung functions of residents living in areas with higher concentrations of particulate matter (PM) in ambient air were inconclusive since the subjects of most of the studies are hospital admission cases. Very few studies, including one from India, have shown the relationship of PM concentration and its effects of lung functions in the same location. Hence, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to study the effect of particulate matter concentration in ambient air on the lung functions of residents living in a critically air-polluted area in India. PM concentrations in ambient air (PM(1,) PM(2.5)) were monitored at residential locations and identified locations with higher (NOIDA) and lower concentrations (Gurgaon). Lung function tests (FEV(1), PEFR) were conducted using a spirometer in 757 residents. Both air monitoring and lung function tests were conducted on the same day. Significant negative linear relationship exists between higher concentrations of PM(1) with reduced FEV(1) and increased concentrations of PM(2.5) with reduced PEFR and FEV(1). The study shows that reductions in lung functions (PEFR and FEV(1)) can be attributed to higher particulate matter concentrations in ambient air. Decline in airflow obstruction in subjects exposed to high PM concentrations can be attributed to the fibrogenic response and associated airway wall remodeling. The study suggests the intervention of policy makers and stake holders to take necessary steps to reduce the emissions of PM concentrations, especially PM(1,) PM(2.5), which can lead to serious respiratory health concerns in residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kesavachandran
- Epidemiology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow 226001, India.
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Chopra H, Khurana AS, Malhotra U, Mathur N, Sidhu US. Incidence and types of post extubation complications following endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012; 52:364-5. [PMID: 23119725 DOI: 10.1007/bf02991479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to study early and late post extubation complications following endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy. A total 60 patients who were admitted in Dayanand Medical College and Hospital were studied prospectively. They were divided into 3 groups and were screened with various modalities like fiberoptic laryngoscopy. Bronchoscope, X-Ray Soft Tissue Neck and CT Scan, Complications like glottic edema, vocal tears, vocal granuhmas and tracheal stenosis were seen and were accordingly managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chopra
- Dept. of Chest, Dayanand Medical & Hospital, Ludhiana, ; 908/4C, Tagore Nagar, Near Deaf & Dumb School, Ludhiana
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Bihari V, Kesavachandran C, Pangtey BS, Srivastava AK, Mathur N. Musculoskeletal pain and its associated risk factors in residents of National Capital Region. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2012; 15:59-63. [PMID: 22223951 PMCID: PMC3249791 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5278.90375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal (MS) pain is responsible for poor quality of life and decreased productivity. Objective information about the burden of musculoskeletal disorders among the general community in India is scanty, and the few reports that exist are based on a small sample size. Materials and Methods: This paper examines the issue of MS pain and its associated risk factors in a cross-sectional study of 2086 subjects from National Capital Region (NCR). Results: Overall prevalence of MS pain was found to be 25.9%. Pain was found to be more frequent among females (31.3%) as compared with males (20.9%). Significant association of pain in joints/limbs/knee/lower legs with obesity (OR = 2.1, P < 0.001) and high body fat (OR = 2.2, P < 0.001) was established. More than 50% of the subjects complained of backache. Conclusions: Our findings confirm that MS pain is a significant burden of disease among the residents of NCR. Women and subjects doing heavy work load, like agriculture and dairy farming, constitute the chief demographic groups. It is high time that a policy is framed to reduce this load of sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bihari
- Division of Epidemiology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mathur N, Triplett L, Harper M, Stephenson M. Miscarriage chromosome testing: utility of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) with selective microsatellite analysis (MSA) in recurrent early pregnancy loss (RPL). Fertil Steril 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kesavachandran C, Pathak MK, Fareed M, Bihari V, Mathur N, Srivastava AK. Health risks of employees working in pesticide retail shops: An exploratory study. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2011; 13:121-6. [PMID: 20442829 PMCID: PMC2862443 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5278.58914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Shop keepers dealing with pesticides are exposed to multiple pesticides that include organophosphates, organochlorines, carbamates, pyrethroids. Hence an exploratory health study was conducted on shopkeepers selling pesticides in urban areas of Lucknow and Barabanki District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: Detailed information regarding socio-economic status, family history, personal habits and work practices were recorded for 20 subjects and controls by the investigator on a pre-tested questionnaire. Clinical examination including neurological studies of the shopkeepers and control subjects was done. Results: The study revealed significant slowing of motor nerve conduction velocity and low peak expiratory flow rate among shopkeepers as compared to control subjects. Prevalence of significantly higher gastro-intestinal problems was also observed among exposed subjects. Neurological, ocular, cardiovascular and musculo-skeletal symptoms were also found to be higher among shopkeepers. This was not statistically significant. Significantly higher relative risk for sickness related to systems viz., cardio-vasular, genito-urinary, respiratory, nervous and dermal was observed among exposed subjects compared to controls. Conclusions: These findings provide a prima facie evidence of clinical manifestations because of multiple exposures to pesticides and poor safety culture at work place.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kesavachandran
- Epidemiology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), PB No. 80, Lucknow - 226 001, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS A cross-sectional study was undertaken on 767 urban male volunteers performing physical activity and 469 age and socioeconomic status matched controls not doing any physical activity from the city limits of North India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Height and weight were recorded for each participant to determine their Body Mass Index (BMI). Body fat percentage and weight was measured using a body fat monitor. RESULTS Fifty three percent of the physical activity performers showed normal BMI compared to 49% nonphysical activity performers. Overweight was observed in 43.3% physical activity performers compared to 44.7% nonphysical activity performers. Fifty two percent of physical activity performers had normal body fat percent compared to 48.5% nonphysical activity performers. Low body fat percent was observed in 23.4% physical activity performers compared to 2.7% nonphysical activity performers. High body fat percent was observed in 48.7% nonphysical activity performers compared to 45.8% physical activity performers. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the study suggested that physical activity alone cannot maintain BMI and body fat percent, but it can reduce the risk of overweight and high body fat percent in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kesavachandran
- Epidemiology Section, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), Lucknow, India
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Rastogi SK, Singh VK, Kesavachandran C, Jyoti, Siddiqui MKJ, Mathur N, Bharti RS. Monitoring of plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity and hematological parameters in pesticide sprayers. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2011; 12:29-32. [PMID: 20040995 PMCID: PMC2796772 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5278.40813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the health impact of spraying organophosphorus insecticides (OPs), 34 male sprayers in the mango belt of Malihabad, a small town located 27 km from Lucknow in North India was selected. Plasma butyryl cholinesterase (PBChE) and complete blood count were assessed among sprayers after spraying pesticides and the findings obtained were compared with those determined in a reference group (n = 18). The most common symptoms observed were burning sensation in the eyes (8.82%), itching/skin irritation (23.52%) and chest symptoms (32.35%) in the exposed workers. Plasma butyrylcholinesterase (PBChE) was significantly decreased in workers. The results indicated significant decrease in the mean value of hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets count; however, significantly higher count of leukocytes was also observed in the exposed group (sprayers) compared to that observed in the control group (P < 0.05). Monitoring of PBChE in pesticide sprayers could be useful to predict and prevent health hazards of OPs.
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Arora M, Mathur N, Gupta VK, Nazar GP, Reddy KS, Sargent JD. Tobacco use in Bollywood movies, tobacco promotional activities and their association with tobacco use among Indian adolescents. Tob Control 2011; 21:482-7. [PMID: 21730099 PMCID: PMC3420563 DOI: 10.1136/tc.2011.043539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Smoking in Hollywood movies is a known risk factor for teen smoking in the USA and Europe, but little is known about the association between exposure to tobacco use in Bollywood movies and teen tobacco use in India. Methods A cross-sectional sample of 3956 adolescents (eighth and ninth grades, ages 12–16 years) from 12 randomly selected New Delhi schools was surveyed in 2009, assessing tobacco use status, receptivity to tobacco promotions (based on owning or being willing to wear tobacco-branded merchandise) and exposure to tobacco use in movies. Quartiles of exposure to tobacco use in popular Bollywood movies released from 2006 to 2008 (n=59) were determined by content coding them for tobacco use and querying the adolescents whether they had seen each one. Logistic regression was used to control for covariates including age, gender, parent education, school performance, sensation-seeking propensity, family and peer tobacco use, and authoritative parenting. Results Altogether, the 59 movies contained 412 tobacco use occurrences. The prevalence of ever tobacco use among adolescents was 5.3%. Compared with low-exposure adolescents (quartile 1), the adjusted odds of ever tobacco use among high-exposure adolescents (quartile 4) was 2.3 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.9). Being receptive to tobacco promotions was also associated with higher adjusted odds of ever tobacco use, 2.0 (95% CI 1.4 to 3.0). Conclusion Watching tobacco use in Bollywood movies and receptivity to tobacco promotional activities were both independently associated with ever tobacco use among adolescents in India, with ORs being similar to the studies of adolescents elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Arora
- Health Related Information Dissemination Amongst Youth, New Delhi, India.
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Pathak MK, Fareed M, Bihari V, Mathur N, Srivastava AK, Kuddus M, Nair KC. Cholinesterase levels and morbidity in pesticide sprayers in North India. Occup Med (Lond) 2011; 61:512-4. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqr064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Choudhary K, Mathur N, Chaudhary A, Chaudhary B. Assessment of the Antimicrobial Potency of Leaf Extracts from Vitex Nugundo and Gloriosa Superba. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5530/pj.2011.20.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Singh VK, Anand M, Rawtani D, Singh UP, Patel DK, Mehrotra PK, Mathur N, Siddiqui MKJ. Blood levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Women with Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions: A case-control study. Asian J Med Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i2.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: As part of our program to investigate the possible role of environmental pollutants in the incidence of breast cancer in India, we conducted for the first time a hospital based case-control study where blood polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels were determined in women suffering from benign and malignant breast lesions, and compared with those of disease free controls drawn from similar socioeconomic environment residing in and around New Delhi, India. Material & Methods: Anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, naphthalene, pyrene, benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (k) fluoranthene and dibenzo (a,h) anthracene were determined by HPLC-FD. Results: Level of total PAHs in control, benign and malignant groups (30 numbers in each) were 142.05 ± 50.84, 185.99 ± 61.97 and 200.74 ± 55.05 μg / L respectively. Mean levels of naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo (k) fluoranthene were higher in both malignant and benign groups than in control but the difference was not statistically significant. Of the total PAHs, 3–ringed compounds were found much higher (89%) in controls than in benign (52%) and malignant groups (54%). However, the percentage sum of 2, 4 and 5-ringed PAHs were much higher in malignant (46%) and benign (48%) groups when compared with those of controls (11%). Conclusion: Results of the present study indicate that higher levels of PAHs (especially non-carcinogenic), though statistically non-significant, were present in cases with benign and malignant breast lesions than in those of controls. Key Words: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Breast cancer; Benign lesions; HPLC-FD DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i2.2924Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 1 (2010) 80-86
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Nielsen S, Kelly M, Hvid T, Mathur N, Laye MJ, Pedersen BK. Myomir Expression Pattern Across Gender And Age. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000389439.07997.9e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kamal R, Mathur N. Rotenoids from Lablab purpureus L. and their bioefficacy against human disease vectors. Parasitol Res 2010; 107:1481-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pant N, Pant AB, Shukla M, Mathur N, Gupta YK, Saxena DK. Environmental and experimental exposure of phthalate esters: The toxicological consequence on human sperm. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:507-14. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327110374205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and urbanization release several chemicals such as phthalates into the environment and cause adverse effects on reproductive system, mainly endocrine disruption, testicular injury and decline in semen quality in humans. There are no reports in extrapolating of the epidemiological data with in vitro findings. Our study show the correlations between in vivo studies and in vitro data for the effect of phthalate esters. Healthy human males, in the age group 21 to 40 years, visiting Chhatrapati Sahuji Maharaj Medical University (CSMMU), Lucknow, as part of infertility investigation, were recruited as volunteers. Semen analysis was performed according to the WHO guidelines. Phthalate esters were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and cell viability by MTT assay. In the in vitro studies, sperms were exposed to highest concentration in semen samples (5—10 times higher) for a period ranging between 30 min and 96 hours. An inverse relationship with sperm motility in epidemiological studies was concurrent by significant dose-and time-dependent decrease in the sperm motility under in vitro environment after 12-hour exposure. Cytotoxicity was observed only with the highest concentration after 96 hours of exposure. There are a significant correlation between phthalate ester diethylhexyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate (DEHP and DBP) and sperm motility both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Additionally, in vitro experiments conducted not only adjunct to the existing in vivo data but also specify the effect of specific toxicants (DEHP and DBP) on sperm motility and viability. Results show the decrease in motility of sperms under in vitro conditions at the maximum range of in vivo measured levels and 5- or 10-folds higher to that found in human semen samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Pant
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, (Council of Scientific & Industrial research, New Delhi, India),
| | - AB Pant
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, (Council of Scientific & Industrial research, New Delhi, India)
| | - M. Shukla
- CSM Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - N. Mathur
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, (Council of Scientific & Industrial research, New Delhi, India)
| | - YK Gupta
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - DK Saxena
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, (Council of Scientific & Industrial research, New Delhi, India)
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Arora M, Stigler M, Gupta V, Bassi S, Dhavan P, Mathur N, Tripathy V, Perry C, Reddy KS. Tobacco control among disadvantaged youth living in low-income communities in India: introducing Project ACTIVITY. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010; 11:45-52. [PMID: 20593929 PMCID: PMC2898893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of Project ACTIVITY, a group randomized intervention trial designed to test the efficacy of a community-based, comprehensive approach to tobacco control for youth (10-19 years) living in low- income communities in India. In doing so, details regarding baseline characteristics of the study sample are provided. METHODS Fourteen slum communities in Delhi, India were matched and randomized to intervention (n=7) and control (n=7) conditions. The intervention included multiple strategies to promote prevention and cessation of tobacco use among youth. A census was conducted in selected blocks in all study communities (n=78,133), as well as a baseline survey of eligible youth (n=6,023). Main outcomes measures on the survey included ever use, past six months use and current use of multiple forms of tobacco. Mixed effects regression models were used to examine differences between study conditions in (a) demographic characteristics and (b) the prevalence of tobacco consumption. RESULTS Census data revealed that 31.9% of sampled population was in the age group of 10-19 years. No differences between study conditions in demographic characteristics (e.g. age, gender, religion, education, and occupation) among either adults or youth were noted (p> 0.05). The baseline survey data revealed the prevalence of ever tobacco use among youth was 7.99%, past six months use was 5.70%, and current use was 4.88%. No differences between study conditions in these prevalence rates were observed, either (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The two study conditions in Project ACTIVITY are comparable. The evaluation should provide a robust test of this intervention's efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Arora
- HRIDAY (Health Related Information Dissemination Amongst Youth), New Delhi, India.
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Dispenza F, Ballacchino A, Di Bernardo A, Mathur N, Gallina S. Localisation of Mediterranean Kaposi's sarcoma in Morgagni's ventricle. B-ENT 2010; 6:289-293. [PMID: 21302693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Head and neck involvement in Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is not unusual. However, laryngeal involvement is a relatively infrequent manifestation and ENT specialists should consider it in differential diagnosis in laryngeal lesions of AIDS patients and/or subjects from the Mediterranean area. METHODS Case report and review of the literature in English. CLINICAL CASE Male patient presenting with a three-month history of cough and acute dyspnoea. Laryngoscopy identified a laryngeal mass occluding the glottic plane. Tracheotomy was then performed and the laryngeal lesion was removed. Histopathology showed neoplastic spindle cells that were positive to immunostain with CD-31 and CD-34, and immunoreactivity for HHV-8 was present. A diagnosis of KS was then suspected and confirmed after dermatological inspection. CONCLUSION Purple vascular mass lesions should lead in ENT to a high index of suspicion to exclude systemic diseases. Laryngeal KS must be included in the differential diagnosis of pigmented laryngeal lesions to plan correct management.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dispenza
- Dipartimento Discipline Chirurgiche e Oncologiche, U.O. Otorinolaringoiatria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italia.
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Gupta P, Mathur N, Bhatnagar P, Nagar P, Srivastava S. Genotoxicity evaluation of hospital wastewaters. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2009; 72:1925-32. [PMID: 19524298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In hospitals a large variety of substances are in use for medical purposes such as diagnostics and research. After application, diagnostic agents, disinfectants and excreted non-metabolized pharmaceuticals by patients reach the wastewater. Indeed, some of the substances found in wastewaters are genotoxic and are suspected to be a possible cause of the cancers observed in the last decades. Genotoxicity tests are an excellent means to study the toxicity and the risk associated with these releases. This paper points out the areas of concern for hospital wastewater disposal and reports the findings of genotoxicity tests for hospital effluents from 3 major hospitals in Delhi, namely All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Apollo and Escorts. Mutagenicity of hospital wastewaters from effluent treatment plants (before and after treatment) was studied. The results of this study show that the genotoxicity of hospital wastewaters is highly reduced after the treatment process. This study calls for establishment of advanced and effective effluent treatment plants in the hospitals, which are merely dumping the wastewaters in the municipal sewerage system. The results of this study call for further detailed study in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Gupta
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India.
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Randomized study. OBJECTIVES To find out the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in acute spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with and without therapeutic prophylaxis. SETTING Patients admitted in the department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India. METHODS All 297 patients received physical therapy measures and were randomly divided into two groups. 166 patients received prophylactic heparin, whereas 131 patients did not. RESULTS A total of three cases (1.8%) in study group and four cases (3%) in control group developed DVT. This difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Incidence of DVT in SCI is low in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Agarwal
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Research Centre (RRC), SMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India
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De Stefano A, Baffa C, Cerrone D, Mathur N, Cascini V, Petrucci AG, Neri G. Management of recurrent otitis media with rapid maxillary expansion: our experience. B-ENT 2009; 5:13-17. [PMID: 19455994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Management of recurrent otitis media with rapid maxillary expansion: our experience. PROBLEMS/OBJECTIVES Recurrent otitis media is a frequent problem in the paediatric population. It is commonly associated with adenoid hypertrophy and occasionally with skeletal development syndrome characterised by maxillary anatomical alterations. When this syndrome is present in conjunction with adenoid hypertrophy, surgical management with adenoidectomy and/or myringotomy with ventilation tube positioning does not necessarily ensure a resolution of conductive hearing disorders. METHODOLOGY We used maxillary rapid expansion in 27 children with a mean age of 7 years affected by recurrent otitis media associated with skeletal development syndrome and adenoid hypertrophy. RESULTS Rapid maxillary expansion acting directly on the median palatine suture expands the palate and the nasal floor, improving nasal breathing. In addition, maxillary expansion stretches elevator and tensor palatine muscles, helping to restore normal Eustachian tube function, even in the presence of adenoid hypertrophy. CONCLUSION In our opinion, rapid maxillary expansion results in an improvement in skeletal-facial abnormalities associated with skeletal development syndrome and it can be considered a valid treatment for preventing recurrent otitis media in children affected by maxillary anatomical alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Stefano
- Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Sperimentali e Cliniche: sezione di Otorinolaringoiatria, Chieti, Italy.
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Bhargav D, Pratap Singh M, Murthy RC, Mathur N, Misra D, Saxena DK, Kar Chowdhuri D. Toxic potential of municipal solid waste leachates in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ): hsp70 as a marker of cellular damage. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2008; 69:233-45. [PMID: 17300838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid wastes (MSWs) are one of the major sources of environmental pollution. Leachates from these wastes might contaminate the water sources and affect quality of environment. The study was carried out to determine the possible toxic effects of leachates from MSW in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ). Third instar larvae exposed to 1.0-3.0% of these leachates at different time intervals were examined for hsp70 expression, oxidative stress enzyme activities, proteotoxicity, tissue damage along with effect on emergence and reproduction. Maximum hsp70 expression was observed in the larvae exposed to highly acidic leachates. Overwhelming of hsp70 expression in the exposed larvae caused a concomitant decline in total protein content and a significant elevation in oxidative stress enzymes and lipid peroxidation (LPO) product. The leachates caused a significant delay in emergence of flies and affected the reproductive performance of the flies at the tested concentrations. The present study highlights the toxic potential of MSW leachates and the advantage of Drosophila as a model to evaluate the impact of leachates at organismal and cellular levels, also advocating Hsp70 as the first tier indicator of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devyani Bhargav
- Embryotoxicology Section, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, P.O. Box No. 80; M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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