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Monemo P, Demba N, Touré FS, Traoré A, Avi C, N’Guessan MA, Tadet JO, Gobey AR, Anoh AE, Diarrassouba A, Tuo MN, Cissé A, Saric J, Utzinger J, Tia H, Kouassi-N’Djeundo J, Becker SL, Akoua-Koffi C. Pharyngeal Carriage of Beta-Haemolytic Streptococcus Species and Seroprevalence of Anti-Streptococcal Antibodies in Children in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:tropicalmed5040177. [PMID: 33261048 PMCID: PMC7709589 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5040177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharynx of the child may serve as a reservoir of pathogenic bacteria, including beta-haemolytic group A streptococci (GAS), which can give rise to upper airway infections and post-streptococcal diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of beta-haemolytic Streptococcus spp. in pharyngeal samples stemming from children aged 3–14 years in Bouaké, central Côte d’Ivoire. Oropharyngeal throat swabs for microbiological culture and venous blood samples to determine the seroprevalence of antistreptolysin O antibodies (ASO) were obtained from 400 children in March 2017. Identification was carried out using conventional bacteriological methods. Serogrouping was performed with a latex agglutination test, while an immunological agglutination assay was employed for ASO titres. The mean age of participating children was 9 years (standard deviation 2.5 years). In total, we detected 190 bacteria in culture, with 109 beta-haemolytic Streptococcus isolates, resulting in an oropharyngeal carriage rate of 27.2%. Group C streptococci accounted for 82.6% of all isolates, whereas GAS were rarely found (4.6%). The ASO seroprevalence was 17.3%. There was no correlation between serology and prevalence of streptococci (p = 0.722). In conclusion, there is a high pharyngeal carriage rate of non-GAS strains in children from Bouaké, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pacôme Monemo
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (N.D.); (F.S.T.); (A.T.); (M.A.N.); (J.O.T.); (A.E.A.); (A.D.); (M.N.T.); (A.C.); (H.T.); (C.A.-K.)
- Unité de Formation et Recherche des Sciences Médicales, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (A.R.G.); (J.K.-N.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.), (S.L.B.)
| | - Nadia Demba
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (N.D.); (F.S.T.); (A.T.); (M.A.N.); (J.O.T.); (A.E.A.); (A.D.); (M.N.T.); (A.C.); (H.T.); (C.A.-K.)
| | - Fidèle S. Touré
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (N.D.); (F.S.T.); (A.T.); (M.A.N.); (J.O.T.); (A.E.A.); (A.D.); (M.N.T.); (A.C.); (H.T.); (C.A.-K.)
| | - Adjartou Traoré
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (N.D.); (F.S.T.); (A.T.); (M.A.N.); (J.O.T.); (A.E.A.); (A.D.); (M.N.T.); (A.C.); (H.T.); (C.A.-K.)
| | - Christelle Avi
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire;
| | - Micheline A. N’Guessan
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (N.D.); (F.S.T.); (A.T.); (M.A.N.); (J.O.T.); (A.E.A.); (A.D.); (M.N.T.); (A.C.); (H.T.); (C.A.-K.)
| | - Juste O. Tadet
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (N.D.); (F.S.T.); (A.T.); (M.A.N.); (J.O.T.); (A.E.A.); (A.D.); (M.N.T.); (A.C.); (H.T.); (C.A.-K.)
| | - Arthur R. Gobey
- Unité de Formation et Recherche des Sciences Médicales, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (A.R.G.); (J.K.-N.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire
| | - Augustin E. Anoh
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (N.D.); (F.S.T.); (A.T.); (M.A.N.); (J.O.T.); (A.E.A.); (A.D.); (M.N.T.); (A.C.); (H.T.); (C.A.-K.)
| | - Abdoulaye Diarrassouba
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (N.D.); (F.S.T.); (A.T.); (M.A.N.); (J.O.T.); (A.E.A.); (A.D.); (M.N.T.); (A.C.); (H.T.); (C.A.-K.)
- Unité de Formation et Recherche des Sciences Médicales, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (A.R.G.); (J.K.-N.)
| | - Marie N. Tuo
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (N.D.); (F.S.T.); (A.T.); (M.A.N.); (J.O.T.); (A.E.A.); (A.D.); (M.N.T.); (A.C.); (H.T.); (C.A.-K.)
| | - Amadou Cissé
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (N.D.); (F.S.T.); (A.T.); (M.A.N.); (J.O.T.); (A.E.A.); (A.D.); (M.N.T.); (A.C.); (H.T.); (C.A.-K.)
| | - Jasmina Saric
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; (J.S.); (J.U.)
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; (J.S.); (J.U.)
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Honoré Tia
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (N.D.); (F.S.T.); (A.T.); (M.A.N.); (J.O.T.); (A.E.A.); (A.D.); (M.N.T.); (A.C.); (H.T.); (C.A.-K.)
- Unité de Formation et Recherche des Sciences Médicales, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (A.R.G.); (J.K.-N.)
| | - Judith Kouassi-N’Djeundo
- Unité de Formation et Recherche des Sciences Médicales, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (A.R.G.); (J.K.-N.)
- Service d’Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire
| | - Sören L. Becker
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; (J.S.); (J.U.)
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Correspondence: (P.M.), (S.L.B.)
| | - Chantal Akoua-Koffi
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (N.D.); (F.S.T.); (A.T.); (M.A.N.); (J.O.T.); (A.E.A.); (A.D.); (M.N.T.); (A.C.); (H.T.); (C.A.-K.)
- Unité de Formation et Recherche des Sciences Médicales, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire; (A.R.G.); (J.K.-N.)
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Berni E, Scott LA, Jenkins-Jones S, De Voogd H, Rocha MS, Butler CC, Morgan CL, Currie CJ. Non-Response to Antibiotic Treatment in Adolescents for Four Common Infections in UK Primary Care 1991-2012: A Retrospective, Longitudinal Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2016; 5:antibiotics5030025. [PMID: 27384588 PMCID: PMC5039521 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics5030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied non-response rates to antibiotics in the under-reported subgroup of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years old, using standardised criteria representing antibiotic treatment failure. Routine, primary care data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) were used. Annual, non-response rates by antibiotics and by indication were determined. We identified 824,651 monotherapies in 415,468 adolescents: 368,900 (45%) episodes for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), 89,558 (11%) for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), 286,969 (35%) for skin/soft tissue infections (SSTIs) and 79,224 (10%) for acute otitis media (AOM). The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin (27%), penicillin-V (24%), erythromycin (11%), flucloxacillin (11%) and oxytetracycline (6%). In 1991, the overall non-response rate was 9.3%: 11.9% for LRTIs, 9.5% for URTIs, 7.1% for SSTIs, 9.7% for AOM. In 2012, the overall non-response rate was 9.2%. Highest non-response rates were for AOM in 1991–1999 and for LRTIs in 2000–2012. Physicians generally prescribed antibiotics to adolescents according to recommendations. Evidence of antibiotic non-response was less common among adolescents during this 22-year study period compared with an all-age population, where the overall non-response rate was 12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Berni
- Global Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Pharmatelligence, Cardiff CF14 3QX, UK.
| | - Laura A Scott
- Global Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Pharmatelligence, Cardiff CF14 3QX, UK.
| | - Sara Jenkins-Jones
- Global Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Pharmatelligence, Cardiff CF14 3QX, UK.
| | - Hanka De Voogd
- Mylan Established Pharmaceuticals Division, Weesp 1381 CP, The Netherlands.
| | - Monica S Rocha
- Mylan Established Pharmaceuticals Division, Weesp 1381 CP, The Netherlands.
| | - Chris C Butler
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
| | | | - Craig J Currie
- Global Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Pharmatelligence, Cardiff CF14 3QX, UK.
- Cochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, The Pharma Research Centre, Abton House, Wedal Road, Cardiff CF14 3QX, UK.
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Warda K, Oufdou K, Zahlane K, Bouskraoui M. Antibiotic resistance and serotype distribution of nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from children in Marrakech region (Morocco). J Infect Public Health 2013; 6:473-81. [PMID: 23999351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of Streptococcus pneumoniae antibiotic resistance is of great importance due to the frequency of strains becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. In this study, we report the antibiotic susceptibility of the serotypes of S. pneumoniae strains isolated from healthy children aged 1-24 months in the Marrakech region of Morocco. Resistance to penicillin (38.7%) was frequently associated with resistance to other antibiotics. The highest rates of resistance were to cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) (49.3%), erythromycin (48.7%), tetracycline (37.3%), lincomycin (35.3%), chloramphenicol (32.7%) and ciprofloxacin (24%). Prisitinamycin and vancomycin were effective against all isolated pneumococcal strains (100% sensitive strains). Gentamycin demonstrated good efficacy on S. pneumoniae, with 98.7% of strains being sensitive. Multidrug resistance characterized 43.33% of all studied strains. Of the multidrug-resistant strains, 36.92% were resistant to erythromycin (E), tetracycline (T) and cotrimoxazole (Co: sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim) (phenotype ETCo, n = 24), and 20% had decreased susceptibility to beta-lactams, erythromycin and cotrimoxazole (phenotype PECo, n = 13). A total of 29.23% of S. pneumoniae strains exhibited combined resistance to four antibiotics (phenotype PETCo, n = 19). This study reports the status of resistance and multiresistance of S. pneumoniae strains in the Marrakech region of Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Warda
- Laboratory of Microbiology-Virology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Cadi Ayyad, BP 7010 Sidi Abbad Marrakech, Morocco; Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Prince My Abdellah, BP 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco.
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