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He Y, Chen S, Xue Y, Lu H, Li Z, Jia X, Ning Y, Yuan Q, Wang S. Analysis of Alterations in Intestinal Flora in Chinese Elderly with Cardiovascular Disease and Its Association with Trimethylamine. Nutrients 2024; 16:1864. [PMID: 38931219 PMCID: PMC11206853 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the changes in the intestinal flora in the Chinese elderly with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its correlation with the metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA), the intestinal flora composition of elderly individuals with CVD and healthy elderly individuals was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, the TMA levels in the feces of elderly were detected using headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC), and four kinds of characterized TMA-producing intestinal bacteria in the elderly were quantified using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia are the dominant microorganisms of the intestinal flora in the Chinese elderly. And there were significant differences in the intestinal bacteria composition between healthy elderly individuals and those with CVD, accompanied by a notable difference in the TMA content. The richness and diversity of the intestinal flora in the elderly with CVD were higher than those in the healthy elderly. Correlation analysis indicated that certain significantly different intestinal flora were associated with the TMA levels. Our findings showed a significant difference in TMA-producing intestinal flora between healthy elderly individuals and those with CVD. The TMA levels were found to be positively and significantly correlated with Klebsiella pneumoniae, suggesting that this bacterium is closely linked to the production of TMA in the elderly gut. This may have implications for the development and progression of CVD in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan He
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Song Chen
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yuling Xue
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050221, China; (Y.X.); (Y.N.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Han Lu
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ziteng Li
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xianxian Jia
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China;
| | - Yibing Ning
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050221, China; (Y.X.); (Y.N.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qingbin Yuan
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050221, China; (Y.X.); (Y.N.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Shijie Wang
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (Z.L.)
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050221, China; (Y.X.); (Y.N.); (Q.Y.)
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Vaz-Rodrigues R, Mazuecos L, Villar M, Contreras M, Artigas-Jerónimo S, González-García A, Gortázar C, de la Fuente J. Multi-omics analysis of zebrafish response to tick saliva reveals biological processes associated with alpha-Gal syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115829. [PMID: 37922649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS) is a tick-borne allergy. A multi-omics approach was used to determine the effect of tick saliva and mammalian meat consumption on zebrafish gut transcriptome and proteome. Bioinformatics analysis using R software was focused on significant biological and metabolic pathway changes associated with AGS. Ortholog mapping identified highly concordant human ortholog genes for the detection of disease-enriched pathways. Tick saliva treatment increased zebrafish mortality, incidence of hemorrhagic type allergic reactions and changes in behavior and feeding patterns. Transcriptomics analysis showed downregulation of biological and metabolic pathways correlated with anti-alpha-Gal IgE and allergic reactions to tick saliva affecting blood circulation, cardiac and vascular smooth muscle contraction, behavior and sensory perception. Disease enrichment analysis revealed downregulated orthologous genes associated with human disorders affecting nervous, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular systems. Proteomics analysis revealed suppression of pathways associated with immune system production of reactive oxygen species and cardiac muscle contraction. Underrepresented proteins were mainly linked to nervous and metabolic human disorders. Multi-omics data revealed inhibition of pathways associated with adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, and heart and muscle contraction. Results identify tick saliva-related biological pathways supporting multisystemic organ involvement and linking α-Gal sensitization with other illnesses for the identification of potential disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Vaz-Rodrigues
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lorena Mazuecos
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Margarita Villar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marinela Contreras
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sara Artigas-Jerónimo
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Almudena González-García
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Centre for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Roman BH, Charęza M, Janus E, Drozd R. Evaluation of new L-amino acids triethanolammonium salts usability for controlling protease activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123218. [PMID: 36634803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Twenty new triethanolammonium amino acid salts (TEA AA) have been prepared from triethanolammonium hydroxide and L-amino acids. The physicochemical properties of TEA AA depended on the applied amino acid. Five of the synthesised salts, i.e. mono- and bis-salts of L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, and TEA salt of l-glutamine were solids with melting points between 127.32 °C to 171.51 °C. The other TEA AA exhibited glass transition temperatures from -68.45 °C for TEA Ser to -6.27 °C for TEA Trp and were assigned as amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs). The TEA His was characterised by the highest thermal stability, with an average temperature of 5 % weight loss at 186.4 °C, whereas the lowest stability was determined for TEA Asp (107.5 °C). The developed salts were tested as reaction medium additives for proteolytic enzymes (papain, subtilisin, bromelain). Most AAILs showed an inhibitory effect on tested proteases but with different mechanisms related to the enzyme substrate specificity and structural diversity. The TEA Ser was the most effective competitive inhibitor (Ki = 0.24 10-4 mol/L) for bromelain, while TEA Val uncompetitive inhibitor for papain (Ki = 0.25 10-4 mol/L). The developed TEA AA salts exhibit potential as enzyme-controlling agents for use in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hanna Roman
- West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Organic Chemical Technology and Polymeric Materials, Pułaski Ave.10, PL, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Charęza
- West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Piastów Ave. 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Janus
- West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Organic Chemical Technology and Polymeric Materials, Pułaski Ave.10, PL, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Radosław Drozd
- West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Piastów Ave. 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
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Interleukin-8 (IL-8) as a Potential Mediator of an Association between Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) among African Americans at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121196. [PMID: 36557234 PMCID: PMC9785610 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-a microbial metabolite derived from the hepatic-gut axis-is linked to inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which is largely hepatically expressed, blocks low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor recycling, also leading to hyperlipidemia. The primary objective of this study was to investigate a previously hypothesized potential relationship between TMAO and PCSK9 in order to explore novel mechanisms linking TMAO and CVD risk. African American adults at risk of CVD living in the Washington DC area were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional community-based study (n = 60, 93% female, BMI = 33). Fasting levels of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin (IL)-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-8), TMAO, and PCSK9 were measured using Luminex and ELISA, respectively. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses and structural equation mediation analyses were conducted using STATA. All models were adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and atherosclerotic CVD risk score (ASCVD). A significant association between TMAO and PCSK9 was identified (β = 0.31, p = 0.02). Both TMAO and PCSK9 were significantly associated with IL-8 (TMAO: β = 0.45, p = 0.00; PCSK9: β = 0.23, p = 0.05) in adjusted models. Mediation analysis indicated that 34.77% of the relationship between TMAO and PCSK9 was explained by IL-8. Our findings indicate a potential PCSK9-involved pathway for TMAO and CVD risk, with potential mediation by IL-8.
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He H, Liu M, He R, Zhao W. Lipid-lowering activity of metformin-soluble soybean polysaccharide nanoparticles. Food Funct 2022; 13:10265-10274. [PMID: 36125039 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01237e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soybean dregs are one of the most important albeit underutilized byproducts in soybean processing. In this study, soluble soybean polysaccharides with lipid-lowering activity were extracted from soybean dregs and used as a wall material for embedding metformin. Metformin-soluble soybean polysaccharide nanoparticles (MET-SSPS-NPs) were prepared by electrostatic interaction. The lipid-lowering activity and possible mechanism of MET-SSPS-NPs were investigated. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of cell-related protein proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in vitro. The results showed that MET-SSPS-NPs lowered the expression of PCSK9 and improved LDLR levels. A high-fat diet (HFD) animal model was established to study the lipid-lowering effect of MET-SSPS-NPs by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. MET-SSPS-NPs significantly upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression and downregulated PCSK9, fatty acid-binding protein (FABP)7 and FABP5 expression more strongly than MET or SSPS alone. In conclusion, MET-SSPS-NPs can inhibit PCSK9 expression and improve the level of adipokines, providing a theoretical basis for the application of MET-SSPS-NPs in lipid lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic China. .,Health College, Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Commerce, Nanjing 211168, People's Republic China
| | - Mengting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic China
| | - Rong He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic China.
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Polyphenols–Gut–Heart: An Impactful Relationship to Improve Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091700. [PMID: 36139775 PMCID: PMC9495581 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy gut provides the perfect habitat for trillions of bacteria, called the intestinal microbiota, which is greatly responsive to the long-term diet; it exists in a symbiotic relationship with the host and provides circulating metabolites, hormones, and cytokines necessary for human metabolism. The gut–heart axis is a novel emerging concept based on the accumulating evidence that a perturbed gut microbiota, called dysbiosis, plays a role as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Consequently, recovery of the gut microbiota composition and function could represent a potential new avenue for improving patient outcomes. Despite their low absorption, preclinical evidence indicates that polyphenols and their metabolites are transformed by intestinal bacteria and halt detrimental microbes’ colonization in the host. Moreover, their metabolites are potentially effective in human health due to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the causal role of gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure; to discuss the beneficial effects of polyphenols on the intestinal microbiota, and to hypothesize polyphenols or their derivatives as an opportunity to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases by shaping gut eubiosis.
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