1
|
Jorde I, Schreiber J, Stegemann-Koniszewski S. The Role of Staphylococcus aureus and Its Toxins in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010654. [PMID: 36614093 PMCID: PMC9820472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and affects more than 300 million patients. Allergic asthma affects the majority of asthmatic children as well as approximately 50% of adult asthmatics. It is characterized by a Th2-mediated immune response against aeroallergens. Many aspects of the overall pathophysiology are known, while the underlying mechanisms and predisposing factors remain largely elusive today. Over the last decade, respiratory colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a Gram-positive facultative bacterial pathogen, came into focus as a risk factor for the development of atopic respiratory diseases. More than 30% of the world’s population is constantly colonized with S. aureus in their nasopharynx. This colonization is mostly asymptomatic, but in immunocompromised patients, it can lead to serious complications including pneumonia, sepsis, or even death. S. aureus is known for its ability to produce a wide range of proteins including toxins, serine-protease-like proteins, and protein A. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the pathophysiology of allergic asthma and to what extent it can be affected by different toxins produced by S. aureus. Intensifying this knowledge might lead to new preventive strategies for atopic respiratory diseases.
Collapse
|
2
|
Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Panton–Valentine Leukocidin-Positive ST22 Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Pakistan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040496. [PMID: 35453247 PMCID: PMC9033113 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ST22 is considered a clinically important clone because an epidemic strain EMRSA-15 belongs to ST22, and several outbreaks of this clone have been documented worldwide. We performed genomic analysis of an S. aureus strain Lr2 ST22 from Pakistan and determined comparative analysis with other ST22 strains. The genomic data show that Lr2 belongs to spa-type t2986 and harbors staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVa(2B), one complete plasmid, and seven prophages or prophage-like elements. The strain harbors several prophage-associated virulence factors, including Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST). The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs)-based phylogenetic relationship inferred from whole genome and core genome revealed that strain Lr2 exhibits the nearest identities to a South African community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) ST22 strain and makes a separate clade with an Indian CA-MRSA ST22 strain. Although most ST22 strains carry blaZ, mecA, and mutations in gyrA, the Lr2 strain does not have the blaZ gene but, unlike other ST22 strains, carries the antibiotic resistance genes erm(C) and aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia. Among ST22 strains analyzed, only the strain Lr2 possesses both PVL and TSST genes. The functional annotation of genes unique to Lr2 revealed that mobilome is the third-largest Cluster of Orthologous Genes (COGs) category, which encodes genes associated with prophages and transposons. This possibly makes methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) Lr2 ST22 strain highly virulent, and this study would improve the knowledge of MRSA ST22 strains in Pakistan. However, further studies are needed on a large collection of MRSA to comprehend the genomic epidemiology and evolution of this clone in Pakistan.
Collapse
|
3
|
Naorem RS, Goswami G, Gyorgy S, Fekete C. Comparative analysis of prophages carried by human and animal-associated Staphylococcus aureus strains spreading across the European regions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18994. [PMID: 34556764 PMCID: PMC8460829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human and animal pathogen although the animal-associated S. aureus can be a potential risk of human zoonoses. Acquisition of phage-related genomic islands determines the S. aureus species diversity. This study characterized and compared the genome architecture, distribution nature, and evolutionary relationship of 65 complete prophages carried by human and animal-associated S. aureus strains spreading across the European regions. The analyzed prophage genomes showed mosaic architecture with extensive variation in genome size. The phylogenetic analyses generated seven clades in which prophages of the animal-associated S. aureus scattered in all the clades. The S. aureus strains with the same SCCmec type, and clonal complex favored the harboring of similar prophage sequences and suggested that the frequency of phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer is higher between them. The presence of various virulence factors in prophages of animal-associated S. aureus suggested that these prophages could have more pathogenic potential than prophages of human-associated S. aureus. This study showed that the S. aureus phages are dispersed among the several S. aureus serotypes and around the European regions. Further, understanding the phage functional genomics is necessary for the phage-host interactions and could be used for tracing the S. aureus strains transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romen Singh Naorem
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology and Sport Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjusag utja. 6, Pecs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Gunajit Goswami
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, Jorhat, Assam India
| | - Schneider Gyorgy
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Fekete
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology and Sport Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjusag utja. 6, Pecs, 7624 Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Evaluation of antibacterial activity and reversal of the NorA and MepA efflux pump of estragole against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3551-3555. [PMID: 33942156 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of the monoterpene estragole was evaluated against two strains of bacteria with an efflux pump mechanism, which are Staphylococcus aureus 1199B and S. aureus K2068, which have a NorA and MepA pump, respectively. For that, the methodology proposed by CLSI with modifications was followed, and to evaluate the reversal of the efflux pump, subinhibitory concentrations (MIC/8) of estragole and standard pump inhibitors, CCCP and Chlorpromazine were used and it was verified whether they managed to modulate the action of Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Ethidium Bromide, an indicator of an efflux pump. It was observed that estragole positively modulated norfloxacin and ethidium bromide against the strain of S. aureus 1199B and that it also managed to reduce the MIC of ethidium bromide against the strain of S. aureus K2068. In the non-clinical acute toxicity tests with estragole, the animals treated with the dose of 625 mg/kg/v.o. showed no clinical signs of toxicity, according to the parameters evaluated. These results are promising, since it places estragole as a possible inhibitor of the efflux pump, thus managing to inhibit this mechanism of action in the strains tested.
Collapse
|
5
|
Naorem RS, Blom J, Fekete C. Genome-wide comparison of four MRSA clinical isolates from Germany and Hungary. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10185. [PMID: 33520430 PMCID: PMC7811285 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a drug-resistant pathogen, capable of colonizing diverse ecological niches and causing a broad spectrum of infections related to a community and healthcare. In this study, we choose four methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates from Germany and Hungary based on our previous polyphasic characterization finding. We assumed that the selected strains have a different genetic background in terms of the presence of resistance and virulence genes, prophages, plasmids, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes that may play a crucial role in niche adaptation and pathogenesis. To clarify these assumptions, we performed a comparative genome analysis of these strains and observed many differences in their genomic compositions. The Hungarian isolates (SA H27 and SA H32) with ST22-SCCmec type IVa have fewer genes for multiple-drug resistance, virulence, and prophages reported in Germany isolates. Germany isolate, SA G6 acquires aminoglycoside (ant(6)-Ia and aph(3’)-III) and nucleoside (sat-4) resistance genes via phage transduction and may determine its pathogenic potential. The comparative genome study allowed the segregation of isolates of geographical origin and differentiation of the clinical isolates from the commensal isolates. This study suggested that Germany and Hungarian isolates are genetically diverse and showing variation among them due to the gain or loss of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). An interesting finding is the addition of SA G6 genome responsible for the drastic decline of the core/pan-genome ratio curve and causing the pan-genome to open wider. Functional characterizations revealed that S. aureus isolates survival are maintained by the amino acids catabolism and favor adaptation to growing in a protein-rich medium. The dispersible and singleton genes content of S. aureus genomes allows us to understand the genetic variation among the CC5 and CC22 groups. The strains with the same genetic background were clustered together, which suggests that these strains are highly alike; however, comparative genome analysis exposed that the acquisition of phage elements, and plasmids through the events of MGEs transfer contribute to differences in their phenotypic characters. This comparative genome analysis would improve the knowledge about the pathogenic S. aureus strain’s characterization, and responsible for clinically important phenotypic differences among the S. aureus strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romen Singh Naorem
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics & Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jorde I, Hildebrand CB, Kershaw O, Lücke E, Stegemann-Koniszewski S, Schreiber J. Modulation of Allergic Sensitization and Allergic Inflammation by Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B in an Ovalbumin Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592186. [PMID: 33193436 PMCID: PMC7649385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The superantigen Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) enterotoxin B (SEB) has been proposed a central player in the associations between S. aureus nasal colonization and the development of allergic asthma. Previously, SEB has been shown to aggravate allergic sensitization and allergic airway inflammation (AAI) in experimental mouse models. Aiming at understanding the underlying immunological mechanisms, we tested the hypothesis that intranasal (i.n.) SEB-treatment divergently modulates AAI depending on the timing and intensity of the SEB-encounter. In an ovalbumin-mediated mouse model of AAI, we treated mice i.n. with 50 ng or 500 ng SEB either together with the allergic challenge or prior to the peripheral sensitization. We observed SEB to affect different hallmark parameters of AAI depending on the timing and the dose of treatment. SEB administered i.n. together with the allergic challenge significantly modulated respiratory leukocyte accumulation, intensified lymphocyte activation and, at the higher dose, induced a strong type-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine response and alleviated airway hyperreactivity in AAI. SEB administered i.n. prior to the allergic sensitization at the lower dose significantly boosted the specific IgE response while administration of the higher dose led to a significantly reduced recruitment of immune cells, including eosinophils, to the respiratory tract and to a significantly dampened Th-2 cytokine response without inducing a Th-1 or pro-inflammatory response. We show a remarkably versatile potential for SEB to either aggravate or alleviate different parameters of allergic sensitization and AAI. Our study thereby not only highlights the complexity of the associations between S. aureus and allergic asthma but possibly even points at prophylactic and therapeutic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Jorde
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christina B Hildebrand
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Kershaw
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Lücke
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Stegemann-Koniszewski
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Schreiber
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Naorem RS, Urban P, Goswami G, Fekete C. Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus through genomics approach. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:401. [PMID: 32864286 PMCID: PMC7441129 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a total of 35 S. aureus isolates collected from two different geographical locations viz., Germany and Hungary were tested for their methicillin-resistant phenotype which revealed a high incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The quantitative test for biofilm production revealed that 73.3% of isolates were biofilm producers. The isolates were further characterized using a set of biochemical and genotypic methods such as amplification and analysis of S. aureus species-specific sequence and mecA gene. The 33 mecA positive isolates were then characterized by the amplification of SCCmec and pvl toxin genes. Further, based on the biofilm-forming phenotype, 15 isolates were selected and characterized through PCR–RFLP of coa gene, polymorphism of spa gene and amplification of biofilm-associated genes. The dendrogram prepared from the results of both biochemical and genotypic analyses of the 15 isolates showed that except for the isolates SA G5 and SA H29, the rest of the isolates grouped themselves according to their locations. Thus, the two isolates were selected for further characterization through whole-genome sequencing. Comparative genome analysis revealed that SA G5 and SA H29 have 97.20% ANI values with 2344 gene clusters (core-genome) of which 16 genes were related to antibiotic resistance genes and 57 genes encode virulence factors. The highest numbers of singleton genes were found in SA H29 that encodes proteins for virulence, resistance, mobile elements, and lanthionine biosynthesis. The high-resolution phylogenetic trees generated based on shared proteins and SNPs revealed a clear difference between the two strains and can be useful in distinguishing closely related genomes. The present study demonstrated that the whole-genome sequence analysis technique is required to get a better insight into the MRSA strains which would be helpful in improving diagnostic investigations in real-time to improve patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romen Singh Naorem
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Peter Urban
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Gunajit Goswami
- Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004 Assam India
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rezende-Júnior LM, Andrade LMDS, Leal ALAB, Mesquita ABDS, dos Santos ALPDA, Neto JDSL, Siqueira-Júnior JP, Nogueira CES, Kaatz GW, Coutinho HDM, Martins N, da Rocha CQ, Barreto HM. Chalcones Isolated from Arrabidaea brachypoda Flowers as Inhibitors of NorA and MepA Multidrug Efflux Pumps of Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060351. [PMID: 32575738 PMCID: PMC7345224 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a public health issue around the world. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of chalcones isolated from flowers of Arrabidaea brachypoda, and their potential as efflux pump inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus efflux pumps. Microdilution assays were performed with natural products from A. brachypoda. Chalcones 1, 3, 4, and 5 did not show intrinsic antimicrobial activity against all S. aureus strains tested, but they were able to potentiate the Norfloxacin action against the SA1199-B (norA) strain, with a better modulating action for the 4 trimethoxylated chalcone. All chalcones were also able to potentiate the action of EtBr against SA1199-B strain, suggesting a potential NorA inhibition. Moreover, chalcone 4 was able to interfere in the activity of MepA, and interfered weakly in the QacA/B activity. Molecular docking analyzes showed that tested chalcones are capable of binding in the hydrophobic cavity of NorA and MepA, in the same Norfloxacin binding site, indicating that chalcone 4 compete with the antibiotic for the same NorA and MepA binding sites. Association of chalcone 4 with Norfloxacin could be an alternative against multidrug resistant S. aureus over-productive of NorA or MepA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Mário Rezende-Júnior
- Laboratory of Research in Microbiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piaui 64049-550, Brazil; (L.M.R.-J.); (L.M.d.S.A.); (A.L.A.B.L.); (A.B.d.S.M.)
| | - Leila Maria de Sousa Andrade
- Laboratory of Research in Microbiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piaui 64049-550, Brazil; (L.M.R.-J.); (L.M.d.S.A.); (A.L.A.B.L.); (A.B.d.S.M.)
| | - Antonio Linkoln Alves Borges Leal
- Laboratory of Research in Microbiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piaui 64049-550, Brazil; (L.M.R.-J.); (L.M.d.S.A.); (A.L.A.B.L.); (A.B.d.S.M.)
| | - Avilnete Belem de Souza Mesquita
- Laboratory of Research in Microbiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piaui 64049-550, Brazil; (L.M.R.-J.); (L.M.d.S.A.); (A.L.A.B.L.); (A.B.d.S.M.)
| | | | - José de Sousa Lima Neto
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piauí 64049-550, Brazil;
| | - José Pinto Siqueira-Júnior
- Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba 58051-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Glenn William Kaatz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | | | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (H.M.B.)
| | - Cláudia Quintino da Rocha
- Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Phytomedicines, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão 65080-805, Brazil; (A.L.P.d.A.d.S.); (C.Q.d.R.)
| | - Humberto Medeiros Barreto
- Laboratory of Research in Microbiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piaui 64049-550, Brazil; (L.M.R.-J.); (L.M.d.S.A.); (A.L.A.B.L.); (A.B.d.S.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (H.M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Achek R, El-Adawy H, Hotzel H, Tomaso H, Ehricht R, Hamdi TM, Azzi O, Monecke S. Short communication: Diversity of staphylococci isolated from sheep mastitis in northern Algeria. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:890-897. [PMID: 31733855 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis in ruminants is an important disease with major effects on both the economy and animal welfare. It is caused by major pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and minor pathogens such as coagulase-negative staphylococci. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize staphylococci as a cause of sheep mastitis in Algeria. In this study, 123 milk samples were collected directly from the udder of sheep suffering from clinical mastitis in 2 provinces in Algeria. Recovered isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Virulence-associated and antimicrobial resistance genes as well as clonal complexes (CC) of S. aureus were determined using microarray-based analysis. A total of 45 staphylococci isolates were cultivated from sheep milk samples, and 28 S. aureus were identified as methicillin susceptible (62.2%). Seventeen other Staphylococcus isolates of different species were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Subsequent microarray analysis typed the methicillin-susceptible S. aureus to 6 CC: CC8-MSSA, CC97-MSSA, CC130/521-MSSA, CC479-MSSA, CC522-MSSA, and CC705-MSSA. The accessory gene regulator agrIII and the ruminant leukocidin genes lukF-P83 and lukM were found in all isolates of CC130/521, CC479, CC522, and CC705. The toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tst1 was detected exclusively in CC130/521. Additionally, virulence-associated genes (sea, sed, sak, hld, hlgA, edinB, and others) were detected. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes [blaZ, erm(B), and tet(K)] was detected in small numbers of staphylococci. Staphylococci possessing these genes are considered potential hazards for farm animals, farmers, and consumers. Data concerning the prevalence and diversity of staphylococci causing mastitis in sheep from Algeria are lacking. Presented results on different aspects about staphylococci in Algerian sheep populations should at least partially close that gap. However, further extensive studies covering more geographical regions are needed to assess the epidemiological risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Achek
- Faculty of Nature and Life and Earth Sciences, Djilali-Bounaama University, Soufay, 44225 Khemis-Miliana, Algeria; Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Assurance System, High National Veterinary School, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 35516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 35516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 35516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e. V., 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Taha Mossadak Hamdi
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Assurance System, High National Veterinary School, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Omar Azzi
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Assurance System, High National Veterinary School, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e. V., 07743 Jena, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus," Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bride LDL, Pereira MF, Barbosa MC, Silva NC, Klein NM, Nascimento TC, Schuenck RP. Differences in resistance profiles and virulence genes among methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus of different lineages at a public tertiary hospital. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20190095. [PMID: 31340369 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0095-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus is a major nosocomial pathogen that is associated with high virulence and the rapid development of drug resistance. METHODS We analyzed and compared the antimicrobial resistance, virulence profiles, and molecular epidemiology of 67 S. aureus strains, including 36 methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and 31 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains recovered from a public hospital located in south-eastern Brazil. RESULTS The clones circulating in this hospital presented a great diversity, and the majority of the strains were related to clones responsible for causing worldwide epidemics: these included USA100 (New York/Japan clone), USA300, and USA600. The 31 MRSA (22 SCCmecII and 9 SCCmecIV) and 36 MSSA strains exhibited low resistance against gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. No MRSA strain showed resistance to tetracycline. Virulence gene carriage was more diverse and abundant in MSSA than in MRSA. Of the evaluated adhesion-related genes, ebpS was the most prevalent in both MSSA and MRSA strains. The genes bbp and cna showed a strong association with MSSA strains. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reinforce the idea that MSSA and MRSA strains should be carefully monitored, owing to their high pathogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lais de Lima Bride
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - Monalessa Fábia Pereira
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - Maralisi Coutinho Barbosa
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - Nayara Carvalho Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | | | - Thiago César Nascimento
- Departamento de Enfermagem Básica, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Pinto Schuenck
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Molecular characterisation and biofilm production in Staphylococcusaureus isolates from the dairy production chain in Northern Italy. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
12
|
Antimicrobial activity of Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn and inhibition of the NorA efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus by Phyllanthin. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:242-246. [PMID: 30876871 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanoic extract of P. amarus (PAEE) and its compound Phyllanthin, as well as, investigate if these natural products could modulate the fluoroquinolone-resistance in S. aureus SA1199-B by way of overexpression of the NorA efflux pump. Microdilution tests were carried out to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the PAEE or Phyllanthin against several bacterial and yeast strains. To evaluate if PAEE or Phyllanthin were able to act as modulators of the fluoroquinolone-resistance, MICs for Norfloxacin and ethidium bromide were determined in the presence or absence of PAEE or Phyllanthin against S. aureus SA1199-B. PAEE showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative strains, meanwhile Phyllanthin was inactive against all strains tested. Addition of PAEE or Phyllanthin, to the growth media at sub-inhibitory concentrations enhanced the activity of the Norfloxacin as well as, Ethidium Bromide, against S. aureus SA1199-B. These results indicate that Phyllanthin is able to modulate the fluoroquinolone-resistance possibly by inhibition of NorA. This hypothesis was supported by in silico docking analysis which confirmed that Phyllantin is a NorA ligand. Thus, this compound could be used as a potentiating agent of the Norfloxacin activity in the treatment of infections caused by fluoroquinolone-resistant S. aureus.
Collapse
|
13
|
Giacinti G, Carfora V, Caprioli A, Sagrafoli D, Marri N, Giangolini G, Amoruso R, Iurescia M, Stravino F, Dottarelli S, Feltrin F, Franco A, Amatiste S, Battisti A. Prevalence and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying mecA or mecC and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in dairy sheep farms in central Italy. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7857-7863. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
14
|
Coêlho ML, Ferreira JHL, de Siqueira Júnior JP, Kaatz GW, Barreto HM, de Carvalho Melo Cavalcante AA. Inhibition of the NorA multi-drug transporter by oxygenated monoterpenes. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:173-177. [PMID: 27565089 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate intrinsic antimicrobial activity of three monoterpenes nerol, dimethyl octanol and estragole, against bacteria and yeast strains, as well as, investigate if these compounds are able to inhibit the NorA efflux pump related to fluoroquinolone resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the monoterpenes against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans strains were determined by micro-dilution assay. MICs of the norfloxacin against a S. aureus strain overexpressing the NorA protein were determined in the absence or in the presence of the monoterpenes at subinhibitory concentrations, aiming to verify the ability of this compounds act as efflux pump inhibitors. The monoterpenes were inactive against S. aureus however the nerol was active against E. coli and C. albicans. The addition of the compounds to growth media at sub-inhibitory concentrations enhanced the activity of norfloxacin against S. aureus SA1199-B. This result shows that bioactives tested, especially the nerol, are able to inhibit NorA efflux pump indicating a potential use as adjuvants of norfloxacin for therapy of infections caused by multi-drug resistant S. aureus strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Ladeira Coêlho
- Laboratory of Toxicology Genetic Research, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | - Glenn W Kaatz
- The John D. Dingell Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Benito D, Aspiroz C, Gilaberte Y, Sanmartín R, Hernández-Martin Á, Alonso M, Gómez P, Lozano C, Torres C. Genetic lineages and antimicrobial resistance genotypes in Staphylococcus aureus from children with atopic dermatitis: detection of clonal complexes CC1, CC97 and CC398. J Chemother 2016; 28:359-66. [PMID: 26027683 DOI: 10.1179/1973947815y.0000000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to analyse the genetic lineages of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from nasal and skin samples of atopic dermatitis (AD) paediatric patients, and to characterize the antimicrobial resistance phenotype-genotype and the immune-evasion-cluster (IEC) type of isolates. Forty S. aureus isolates from 35 patients (skin: 26; nasal samples: 14) were characterized. Isolates were submitted to spa-, agr- and multilocus sequence typing. All S. aureus strains analyzed were methicillin-susceptible (MSSA). High genetic diversity was detected among the 40 MSSA isolates (especially among skin isolates), with detection of 27 different spa-types, 20 sequence-types and 16 clonal complexes (CCs). Lineages CC30 and CC5 were predominant among nasal isolates (71% vs 23% skin). Thirteen different CCs were detected among skin isolates, with detection of clades CC1, CC9 and CC398. Antimicrobial resistance rates detected were higher in skin than in nasal isolates, especially for macrolides, aminoglycosides, lincosamides and mupirocin. MSSA strains were characterized into five IEC-types, being A, B and F the predominant ones. MSSA strains of lineages CC45 and CC5 were detected in almost all cases in AD patients with severe Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) and lineages CC8, and CC30 in those with mild or moderate one. As conclusion, high-clonal-diversity was detected among MSSA from AD patients, especially in skin-isolates. Colonization with S. aureus of some CCs seems more associated with AD severity than other lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Benito
- a Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of La Rioja , Logroño , Spain
| | - Carmen Aspiroz
- b Department of Microbiology , Hospital Royo Villanova , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- c Department of Dermatology , Hospital San Jorge, Huesca , Spain.,d Aragon Health Sciences Institute , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Rosalía Sanmartín
- c Department of Dermatology , Hospital San Jorge, Huesca , Spain.,d Aragon Health Sciences Institute , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Ángela Hernández-Martin
- e Department of Dermatology , Hospital Infantil Universitario del Niño Jesús , Madrid , Spain
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- f Department of Microbiology , Hospital Infantil del Niño Jesús , Madrid , Spain
| | - Paula Gómez
- a Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of La Rioja , Logroño , Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- a Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of La Rioja , Logroño , Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- a Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of La Rioja , Logroño , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from humans related to a livestock farm in Spain, with detection of MRSA-CC130 carrying mecC gene: A zoonotic case? Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2016; 34:280-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
17
|
Carfora V, Giacinti G, Sagrafoli D, Marri N, Giangolini G, Alba P, Feltrin F, Sorbara L, Amoruso R, Caprioli A, Amatiste S, Battisti A. Methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in dairy sheep and in-contact humans: An intra-farm study. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4251-4258. [PMID: 27060817 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is involved in a wide variety of diseases in humans and animals, and it is considered one of the most significant etiological agents of intramammary infection in dairy ruminants, causing both clinical and subclinical infections. In this study, the intra-farm prevalence and circulation of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) were investigated on an Italian dairy sheep farm previously identified as MRSA-positive by testing bulk tank milk (first isolation in 2012). Human samples (nasal swabs, hand skin samples, and oropharyngeal swabs) from 3 persons working in close contact with the animals were also collected, and the genetic characteristics and relatedness of the MRSA isolates from human and animal sources within the farm were investigated. After 2yr from the first isolation, we confirmed the presence of the same multidrug-resistant strain of MRSA sequence type (ST)1, clonal complex (CC)1, spa type t127, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVa, showing identical pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and resistance profiles at the farm level in bulk tank milk. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were detected in 2 out of 556 (0.34%) individual milk samples, whereas MSSA isolates were detected in 10 samples (1.8%). The MRSA were further isolated from udder skin samples from the 2 animals that were MRSA-positive in milk and in 2 of the 3 examined farm personnel. All MRSA isolates from both ovine and human samples belonged to ST(CC)1, spa type t127, SCCmec type IVa, with some isolates from animals harboring genes considered markers of human adaptation. In contrast, all MSSA isolates belonged to ruminant-associated CC130, ST700, spa type t528. Analysis by PFGE performed on selected MRSA isolates of human and animal origin identified 2 closely related (96.3% similarity) pulsotypes, displaying only minimal differences in gene profiles (e.g., presence of the immune evasion cluster genes). Although we observed low MRSA intra-farm prevalence, our findings highlight the importance of considering the possible zoonotic potential of CC1 livestock-associated MRSA, in view of the ability to persist over years at the farm level. Biosecurity measures and good hygiene practices could be useful to prevent MRSA spread at the farm level and to minimize exposure in the community and in categories related to farm animal industry (e.g., veterinarians, farmers, and farm workers).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Carfora
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri," General Diagnostic Department, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - G Giacinti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri," Centro di Referenza Nazionale per la Qualità del Latte e dei Prodotti Derivati degli Ovini e dei Caprini, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - D Sagrafoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri," Centro di Referenza Nazionale per la Qualità del Latte e dei Prodotti Derivati degli Ovini e dei Caprini, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - N Marri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri," Centro di Referenza Nazionale per la Qualità del Latte e dei Prodotti Derivati degli Ovini e dei Caprini, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - G Giangolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri," Centro di Referenza Nazionale per la Qualità del Latte e dei Prodotti Derivati degli Ovini e dei Caprini, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - P Alba
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri," General Diagnostic Department, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - F Feltrin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri," General Diagnostic Department, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - L Sorbara
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri," General Diagnostic Department, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - R Amoruso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri," General Diagnostic Department, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - A Caprioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri," General Diagnostic Department, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - S Amatiste
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri," Centro di Referenza Nazionale per la Qualità del Latte e dei Prodotti Derivati degli Ovini e dei Caprini, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - A Battisti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri," General Diagnostic Department, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Carfora V, Caprioli A, Grossi I, Pepe M, Alba P, Lorenzetti S, Amoruso R, Sorbara L, Franco A, Battisti A. A methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Sequence Type 8, spa type t11469 causing infection and colonizing horses in Italy. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw025. [PMID: 27052029 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was isolated in Italy from a pathological sample of a mare presenting chronic purulent sinusitis and that had undergone frontal-sinus surgery three months before. Humans, horses, dogs and environmental samples were subsequently collected at the mare's stable and at the Veterinary Hospital, where the mare was operated/hospitalized, and screened for the presence of MRSA that was detected from other horses and from the environment at both sites. All the MRSA isolates belonged to clonal complex (CC)8, ST8-t11469-SCCmec-IVa, and showed similar phenotypic and genetic multidrug resistance patterns and macrorestriction-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles. The only MRSA detected from humans was a CC1, ST1-t127-SCCmec-IVa. This paper represents the first report of a clinical MRSA infection in a horse in Italy. This study also supports the opinion that improper use of antibiotics and hospitalization/surgery can represent risk factors for MRSA colonization/infection in horses, and that the environment is among important sources for exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Carfora
- Direzione Operativa Diagnostica Generale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della, Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178, Italy
| | - Andrea Caprioli
- Direzione Operativa Diagnostica Generale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della, Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178, Italy
| | - Ilaria Grossi
- Veterinary practitioner, Via Leonardo Bufalini 84, 00176, Italy
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Diagnostic and Clinic, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 4, 00126, Italy
| | - Patricia Alba
- Direzione Operativa Diagnostica Generale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della, Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178, Italy
| | - Serena Lorenzetti
- Direzione Operativa Diagnostica Generale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della, Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178, Italy
| | - Roberta Amoruso
- Direzione Operativa Diagnostica Generale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della, Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178, Italy
| | - Luigi Sorbara
- Direzione Operativa Diagnostica Generale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della, Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178, Italy
| | - Alessia Franco
- Direzione Operativa Diagnostica Generale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della, Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178, Italy
| | - Antonio Battisti
- Direzione Operativa Diagnostica Generale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della, Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wilson BA, Garud NR, Feder AF, Assaf ZJ, Pennings PS. The population genetics of drug resistance evolution in natural populations of viral, bacterial and eukaryotic pathogens. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:42-66. [PMID: 26578204 PMCID: PMC4943078 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a costly consequence of pathogen evolution and a major concern in public health. In this review, we show how population genetics can be used to study the evolution of drug resistance and also how drug resistance evolution is informative as an evolutionary model system. We highlight five examples from diverse organisms with particular focus on: (i) identifying drug resistance loci in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum using the genomic signatures of selective sweeps, (ii) determining the role of epistasis in drug resistance evolution in influenza, (iii) quantifying the role of standing genetic variation in the evolution of drug resistance in HIV, (iv) using drug resistance mutations to study clonal interference dynamics in tuberculosis and (v) analysing the population structure of the core and accessory genome of Staphylococcus aureus to understand the spread of methicillin resistance. Throughout this review, we discuss the uses of sequence data and population genetic theory in studying the evolution of drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zoe J. Assaf
- Department of GeneticsStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Pleuni S. Pennings
- Department of BiologySan Francisco State UniversityRoom 520Hensill Hall1600 Holloway AveSan FranciscoCA94132USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
A full genomic characterization of the development of a stable Small Colony Variant cell-type by a clinical Staphylococcus aureus strain. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 36:345-355. [PMID: 26458527 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A key to persistent and recurrent Staphylococcus aureus infections is its ability to adapt to diverse and toxic conditions. This ability includes a switch into a biofilm or to the quasi-dormant Small Colony Variant (SCV). The development and molecular attributes of SCVs have been difficult to study due to their rapid reversion to their parental cell-type. We recently described the unique induction of a matrix-embedded and stable SCV cell-type in a clinical S. aureus strain (WCH-SK2) by growing the cells with limiting conditions for a prolonged timeframe. Here we further study their characteristics. They possessed an increased viability in the presence of antibiotics compared to their non-SCV form. Their stability implied that there had been genetic changes; we therefore determined both the genome sequence of WCH-SK2 and its stable SCV form at a single base resolution, employing Single Molecular Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing that enabled the methylome to also be determined. The genetic features of WCH-SK2 have been identified; the SCCmec type, the pathogenicity and genetic islands and virulence factors. The genetic changes that had occurred in the stable SCV form were identified; most notably being in MgrA, a global regulator, and RsbU, a phosphoserine phosphatase within the regulatory pathway of the sigma factor SigB. There was a shift in the methylomes of the non-SCV and stable SCV forms. We have also shown a similar induction of this cell-type in other S. aureus strains and performed a genetic comparison to these and other S. aureus genomes. We additionally map RNAseq data to the WCH-SK2 genome in a transcriptomic analysis of the parental, SCV and stable SCV cells. The results from this study represent the unique identification of a suite of epigenetic, genetic and transcriptional factors that are implicated in the switch in S. aureus to its persistent SCV form.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hamed M, Nitsche-Schmitz DP, Ruffing U, Steglich M, Dordel J, Nguyen D, Brink JH, Chhatwal GS, Herrmann M, Nübel U, Helms V, von Müller L. Whole genome sequence typing and microarray profiling of nasal and blood stream methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates: Clues to phylogeny and invasiveness. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 36:475-482. [PMID: 26297907 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are frequently caused by predominant clusters of closely related isolates that cannot be discriminated by conventional diagnostic typing methods. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and DNA microarray (MA) now allow for better discrimination within a prevalent clonal complex (CC). This single center exploratory study aims to distinguish invasive (blood stream infection) and non-invasive (nasal colonization) MRSA isolates of the same CC5 into phylogenetic- and virulence-associated genotypic subgroups by WGS and MA. A cohort of twelve blood stream and fifteen nasal MRSA isolates of CC5 (spa-types t003 and t504) was selected. Isolates were propagated at the same period of time from unrelated patients treated at the University of Saarland Medical Center, Germany. Rooted phylotyping based on WGS with core-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed two local clusters of closely related CC5 subgroups (t504 and Clade1 t003) which were separated from other local t003 isolates and from unrelated CC5 MRSA reference isolates of German origin. Phylogenetic subtyping was not associated with invasiveness when comparing blood stream and nasal isolates. Clustering based on MA profiles was not concordant with WGS phylotyping, but MA profiles may identify subgroups of isolates with nasal and blood stream origin. Among the new putative virulence associated genes identified by WGS, the strongest association with blood stream infections was shown for ebhB mutants. Analysis of the core-genome together with the accessory genome enables subtyping of closely related MRSA isolates according to phylogeny and presumably also to the potential virulence capacity of isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | | | - Ulla Ruffing
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Saarland Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Duy Nguyen
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Brink
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Saarland Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gursharan Singh Chhatwal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mathias Herrmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Saarland Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Lutz von Müller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Saarland Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Multiplex PCR assay for identification of six different Staphylococcus spp. and simultaneous detection of methicillin and mupirocin resistance. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:2698-701. [PMID: 24829244 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00918-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a new, efficient, sensitive, and fast single-tube multiple-PCR protocol for the identification of the most clinically significant Staphylococcus spp. and the simultaneous detection of the methicillin and mupirocin resistance loci. The protocol identifies at the species level isolates belonging to S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. lugdunensis, and S. saprophyticus.
Collapse
|